Article(id=1320882760189849780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320880138208784845, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060332, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750867200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852590843, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1785513600000, pubDateStr=2026-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852590843, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852590843, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852590843, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320880138208784845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='15', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785513600000', pubDateStr='2026-08-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792851965715, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792851965715, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=379, endPage=388, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882760449896629, articleId=1320882760189849780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins-Agaro Oligosaccharide Compound Solution on Myofibrillar Protein Oxidation of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Cold Storage, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tilapias are prone to spoilage due to protein oxidation during cold storage, making it crucial to adopt appropriate treatments to extend their refrigerated shelf life. This study focused on tilapia and investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC)-agaro oligosaccharide (AGOS) on the changes in myofibrillar protein during cold storage. By measuring indicators such as myofibrillar protein concentration, total sulfhydryl content, carbonyl content, microstructure, enzyme activities and spatial structure, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the impact of OPC and AGOS on the oxidation of myofibrillar protein in refrigerated tilapia fillets. The results demonstrated that the 0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS compound group more effectively inhibited the decrease in myofibrillar protein concentration and total sulfhydryl content compared to the untreated group. In the later stages of storage, the compound group exhibited less alteration in the organizational structure of myofibrillar protein and maintained finer tissue gaps. During storage, this group effectively suppressed the increases in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, while mitigating the decreases in Ca2+-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities. Additionally, the compound group could preserve the α-helix structure and maintain the stability of the protein's tertiary structure. In conclusion, the combination of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and agaro oligosaccharide can effectively maintain the spatial structure of myofibrillar protein in tilapia fillets and inhibit protein oxidation during storage. This approach offers a novel natural preservation strategy for enhancing the freshness and quality of aquatic products.

, authors=Yiting LI, Mingchuan WANG, Xin GAO, Yong XUE, Yuanhui ZHAO*, authorsList=Yiting LI, Mingchuan WANG, Xin GAO, Yong XUE, Yuanhui ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuanhui ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882764824555726, articleId=1320882760189849780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=原花青素-琼胶寡糖复配液对罗非鱼冷藏期间肌原纤维蛋白氧化的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

罗非鱼在冷藏期间易因蛋白氧化而腐败,采用适当的处理方式延长其冷藏货架期至关重要。本文以罗非鱼片为研究对象,探究了在冷藏过程中原花青素(oligomeric proanthocyanidins,OPC)-琼胶寡糖(agaro oligosaccharide,AGOS)对肌原纤维蛋白变化的影响及潜在作用机制。通过肌原纤维蛋白浓度、总巯基含量、羰基含量、微观结构、酶活、空间结构等指标测定,综合评价其对冷藏罗非鱼片冷藏期间肌原纤维蛋白氧化影响。结果得出,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组与未处理组相比更有效地抑制了肌原纤维蛋白浓度和总巯基含量的降低;在贮藏后期,复配组的肌原纤维蛋白组织结构变化更小,且保持了细小的组织间隙;贮藏过程中该组有效抑制了多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的上升,减缓了钙离子泵(Ca2+-ATPase)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)活性的下降;同时复配组能较好维持α-螺旋结构,保持蛋白质的三级结构稳定性。综上所述,原花青素和琼胶寡糖的复配能有效维持罗非鱼片肌原纤维蛋白的空间结构,抑制罗非鱼片在贮藏期间蛋白质的氧化,为水产品保鲜和品质提升提供了新的天然保鲜应用策略。

, authors=李逸婷, 王明川, 高昕, 薛勇, 赵元晖*, authorsList=李逸婷, 王明川, 高昕, 薛勇, 赵元晖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵元晖, authorNote=

李逸婷(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵元晖(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:。
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李逸婷(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:

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李逸婷(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:

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Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882765063631055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882765072019664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, companyId=1320882765063631055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution of Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882765080408273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, companyId=1320882765063631055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院食品科学与工程学院,海南三亚 572024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882769329238261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different treatments on myofibrillar protein content in tilapia, figureFileSmall=oXNt2DBre6faPNpjGbla/A==, figureFileBig=M1K9v68oR2uiQFG6Kmpxcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882769408930038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白含量变化影响

注:不同字母代表同一时间下不同处理组内的差异显著性(P<0.05),图2~图3、图5~图9同。

, figureFileSmall=oXNt2DBre6faPNpjGbla/A==, figureFileBig=M1K9v68oR2uiQFG6Kmpxcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882769635422455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different treatments on the total sulfhydryl content of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=+4QN+0fQSOpsrP35t00Mkw==, figureFileBig=zZD9wPJ8xUdu/vGslHt7Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882769710919928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白的总巯基含量变化影响, figureFileSmall=+4QN+0fQSOpsrP35t00Mkw==, figureFileBig=zZD9wPJ8xUdu/vGslHt7Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882769786417401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different treatments on the carbonyl content of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=SxriTdiLwdab4K8OdleFkQ==, figureFileBig=rwNwymqDBgRdyqPfEzghrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882769878692090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白的羰基含量变化影响, figureFileSmall=SxriTdiLwdab4K8OdleFkQ==, figureFileBig=rwNwymqDBgRdyqPfEzghrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882769962578171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different treatments on the microstructure of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=L4MOq4ssuWe4oXvpsh1HsQ==, figureFileBig=sUHWpbS4zmVBfuknEqDwXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770042269948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白微观结构的影响

注:A为空白对照组;B为0.2%OPC组;C为0.5%AGOS组;D为0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS组;E为Nisin对照组,图10~图11同。

, figureFileSmall=L4MOq4ssuWe4oXvpsh1HsQ==, figureFileBig=sUHWpbS4zmVBfuknEqDwXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770130350333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different treatments on the Ca2+-ATPase activity of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=XR1yS1xSK0U56O0OQHHdJA==, figureFileBig=+80OKgIBEDE7NW5+aJd6cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770226819326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2+-ATPase酶活变化影响, figureFileSmall=XR1yS1xSK0U56O0OQHHdJA==, figureFileBig=+80OKgIBEDE7NW5+aJd6cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770298122495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of different treatments on the PPO activity of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=4lIVbd+vAoT1PnAdoh+PFQ==, figureFileBig=GcUDaoj2lMOmVm+xi5X5Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770365231360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白PPO酶活的影响, figureFileSmall=4lIVbd+vAoT1PnAdoh+PFQ==, figureFileBig=GcUDaoj2lMOmVm+xi5X5Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770444923137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of different treatments on the POD activity of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=fCFfUG1GADUyMeYghROEPQ==, figureFileBig=HaFVhUnqa+9dG0n+pyYlVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770541392130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白POD酶活的影响, figureFileSmall=fCFfUG1GADUyMeYghROEPQ==, figureFileBig=HaFVhUnqa+9dG0n+pyYlVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770612695299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effects of different treatments on the SOD activity of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=H8R9uPN7rsigDspZ7pBOiA==, figureFileBig=sIKFWkPJ0VODsVa5RE+U7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770683998468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白的SOD酶活变化影响, figureFileSmall=H8R9uPN7rsigDspZ7pBOiA==, figureFileBig=sIKFWkPJ0VODsVa5RE+U7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770763690245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effects of different treatments on the FAS activity of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=ZLqstjV1CFhZq+Kl7t1vVg==, figureFileBig=cfCKWxgmhyMd9AcBL3UxYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770834993414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白FAS酶活的影响, figureFileSmall=ZLqstjV1CFhZq+Kl7t1vVg==, figureFileBig=cfCKWxgmhyMd9AcBL3UxYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882770910490887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effects of different treatments on the Fourier transform infrared spectra of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=GNGLZWRS//XjwmVsp5xmwA==, figureFileBig=0ERgYDUQKJEhNMgxsu6uAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882771019542792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白的傅里叶变换红外光谱变化影响, figureFileSmall=GNGLZWRS//XjwmVsp5xmwA==, figureFileBig=0ERgYDUQKJEhNMgxsu6uAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882771099234569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of different treatments on the fluorescence spectrum of myofibrillar protein in tilapia, figureFileSmall=x1xnmfo9Mo/RFGPeOmon3Q==, figureFileBig=vjduUrpVELMCvUfcXtiYDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882771166343434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同处理方式对罗非鱼肌原纤维蛋白的荧光光谱变化影响, figureFileSmall=x1xnmfo9Mo/RFGPeOmon3Q==, figureFileBig=vjduUrpVELMCvUfcXtiYDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882771241840907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882760189849780, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Protein oxidation protection mechanism of oligomeric proanthocyanidins-agaro oligosaccharide compound solution, figureFileSmall=TpYFgSkCqmIPg6UMx7y60g==, 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原花青素-琼胶寡糖复配液对罗非鱼冷藏期间肌原纤维蛋白氧化的影响
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李逸婷 , 王明川 , 高昕 , 薛勇 , 赵元晖 *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(15): 379-388
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (15) : 379 -388
原花青素-琼胶寡糖复配液对罗非鱼冷藏期间肌原纤维蛋白氧化的影响
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李逸婷 , 王明川, 高昕, 薛勇, 赵元晖*
作者信息
  • 中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院食品科学与工程学院,海南三亚 572024
通讯作者:
赵元晖(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李逸婷(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:

Effect of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins-Agaro Oligosaccharide Compound Solution on Myofibrillar Protein Oxidation of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Cold Storage
Yiting LI , Mingchuan WANG, Xin GAO, Yong XUE, Yuanhui ZHAO*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Sanya Oceanographic Institution of Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
出版时间: 2026-08-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060332
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罗非鱼在冷藏期间易因蛋白氧化而腐败,采用适当的处理方式延长其冷藏货架期至关重要。本文以罗非鱼片为研究对象,探究了在冷藏过程中原花青素(oligomeric proanthocyanidins,OPC)-琼胶寡糖(agaro oligosaccharide,AGOS)对肌原纤维蛋白变化的影响及潜在作用机制。通过肌原纤维蛋白浓度、总巯基含量、羰基含量、微观结构、酶活、空间结构等指标测定,综合评价其对冷藏罗非鱼片冷藏期间肌原纤维蛋白氧化影响。结果得出,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组与未处理组相比更有效地抑制了肌原纤维蛋白浓度和总巯基含量的降低;在贮藏后期,复配组的肌原纤维蛋白组织结构变化更小,且保持了细小的组织间隙;贮藏过程中该组有效抑制了多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的上升,减缓了钙离子泵(Ca2+-ATPase)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)活性的下降;同时复配组能较好维持α-螺旋结构,保持蛋白质的三级结构稳定性。综上所述,原花青素和琼胶寡糖的复配能有效维持罗非鱼片肌原纤维蛋白的空间结构,抑制罗非鱼片在贮藏期间蛋白质的氧化,为水产品保鲜和品质提升提供了新的天然保鲜应用策略。

罗非鱼片  /  原花青素  /  琼胶寡糖  /  肌原纤维蛋白  /  蛋白氧化

Tilapias are prone to spoilage due to protein oxidation during cold storage, making it crucial to adopt appropriate treatments to extend their refrigerated shelf life. This study focused on tilapia and investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC)-agaro oligosaccharide (AGOS) on the changes in myofibrillar protein during cold storage. By measuring indicators such as myofibrillar protein concentration, total sulfhydryl content, carbonyl content, microstructure, enzyme activities and spatial structure, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the impact of OPC and AGOS on the oxidation of myofibrillar protein in refrigerated tilapia fillets. The results demonstrated that the 0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS compound group more effectively inhibited the decrease in myofibrillar protein concentration and total sulfhydryl content compared to the untreated group. In the later stages of storage, the compound group exhibited less alteration in the organizational structure of myofibrillar protein and maintained finer tissue gaps. During storage, this group effectively suppressed the increases in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, while mitigating the decreases in Ca2+-ATPase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) activities. Additionally, the compound group could preserve the α-helix structure and maintain the stability of the protein's tertiary structure. In conclusion, the combination of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and agaro oligosaccharide can effectively maintain the spatial structure of myofibrillar protein in tilapia fillets and inhibit protein oxidation during storage. This approach offers a novel natural preservation strategy for enhancing the freshness and quality of aquatic products.

tilapia fillets  /  oligomeric proanthocyanidins  /  agaro oligosaccharide  /  myofibrillar protein  /  protein oxidation
李逸婷, 王明川, 高昕, 薛勇, 赵元晖. 原花青素-琼胶寡糖复配液对罗非鱼冷藏期间肌原纤维蛋白氧化的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (15) : 379 -388 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060332
Yiting LI, Mingchuan WANG, Xin GAO, Yong XUE, Yuanhui ZHAO. Effect of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins-Agaro Oligosaccharide Compound Solution on Myofibrillar Protein Oxidation of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during Cold Storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (15) : 379 -388 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060332
罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)属慈鲷科鱼类,原产于非洲,广泛分布于热带与亚热带淡水水域[1]。这种鱼体型中等偏小,适应环境能力强,生长迅速[2]。罗非鱼富含DHA、EPA等多种不饱和脂肪酸[3],同时肉质细腻、刺少,是优质的健康蛋白来源。近年来,罗非鱼在预制菜、保健品等市场的需求持续攀升,但仍存在鲜度保持困难、品控不稳定等问题。目前对罗非鱼贮藏技术的研究主要集中在新型保鲜剂、智能包装等方面;随着消费者对食品安全性与新鲜度的关注增加,减少化学添加剂、推广天然保鲜剂已成为水产品保鲜未来发展的主要方向[4]。蛋白氧化是冷藏罗非鱼片货架期缩短的关键因素之一,氧化后的蛋白质持水力下降,易影响口感;蛋白质的变性亦会直接影响鱼肉的新鲜度和营养价值[5]。
原花青素(oligomeric proanthocyanidins,OPC)作为天然抗氧化物,已被证实为高效的自由基清除剂[6]。该物质不仅能有效中和超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,还可通过螯合金属离子在体内形成稳定的化合物。在水产品保鲜领域,OPC通过延缓蛋白质氧化变性等机制可延长冷藏鱼肉的货架期[7]。琼胶寡糖(agaro oligosaccharide,AGOS)是从红藻中提取的琼胶经水解或酶解得到的低分子量多糖[8],具有卓越的凝胶和增稠性能,能够与OPC结合,显著提升其在食品中的分散性与稳定性。相悦等[9]研究发现,AGOS还能够抑制蛋白质的变性和氧化,保持鱼片的新鲜度。通过前期实验发现,0.2%原花青素与0.5%琼胶寡糖复配能够有效地延缓TVB-N值、菌落总数和丙二醛含量的增加,维持罗非鱼片的硬度、弹性,延长2 d的货架期。但目前原花青素和琼胶寡糖复配的保鲜机制尚不明确,本文将原花青素和琼胶寡糖两种天然成分结合,验证其在罗非鱼片中的适配性与增效机制,为开发新型绿色保鲜剂提供参考。
本研究以罗非鱼片的肌原纤维蛋白为研究对象,探究罗非鱼片的肌原纤维蛋白浓度、总巯基含量、羰基含量、二级结构和三级结构等在贮藏过程中的变化情况,并且对罗非鱼片进行石蜡包埋切片观察微观结构,同时测定罗非鱼片在贮藏过程中钙离子泵(Ca2+-ATPase)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)酶活。本研究探究了原花青素和琼胶寡糖复配对罗非鱼片蛋白质氧化保护的作用机理,为开发功能性罗非鱼片食品提供了新的思路。
鲜活尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus,每条鱼重500±0.5 g,体长为32±0.5 cm,体高为14±0.5 cm) 购于三亚市崖州第一农贸市场;原花青素、Nisin(标准品) 麦克林生化科技有限公司;琼胶寡糖 郑州宇控生物科技有限公司;氯化钠、氢氧化钠、盐酸、乙醇 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;五水硫酸铜、酒石酸钾钠 光华生物科技有限公司;蛋白缓冲液、PIPES缓冲液 析标生物科技有限公司;结晶牛血清蛋白(标准品) 索莱宝生物科技有限公司;总巯基含量测定试剂盒、羰基含量测定试剂盒、Ca2+-ATPase活性测定试剂盒、PPO试剂盒、POD试剂盒、SOD试剂盒、FAS试剂盒 格锐思生物科技有限公司;实验中所采用的生化试剂均为分析纯。
1600R高速冷冻离心机 上海涵飞医疗器械有限公司;UV-6100紫外-可见分光光度计 佛山南北潮电子商务有限公司;Synergy H1酶标仪 美国Bio Tek仪器有限公司;DXS-3DIC光学显微镜 上海梓梦科技有限公司;iS50傅里叶红外光谱仪 上海善福电子科技有限公司;J-1500圆二色光谱仪 沈阳佳士科商贸有限公司;LJ-UV90紫外光谱仪 山东蓝景电子科技有限公司;AFS310荧光光谱仪 苏州博维仪器科技有限公司。
将新鲜的罗非鱼击昏后,经市场专业人员放血、去头、去尾、去鳞、去内脏后立即运回实验室。取肉前先用蒸馏水彻底清洗干净鱼体,不留任何血迹和杂物,再用锋利干净的刀进行去皮,剥皮时应尽量保持鱼片的完整及表面的光滑。随后将鱼背部肌肉切成大小均匀的肉片,约2 cm×2 cm×0.5 cm。将20片相同质量的罗非鱼片分别加入到空白对照组(无菌蒸馏水)、0.2%OPC组、0.5%AGOS组、0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS组、阳性对照组(Nisin,选取最小抑菌浓度为100 mg/mL。Nisin常用于食品保鲜,作为抑菌不抗氧化的对照,能够帮助区分微生物腐败与氧化反应,因此将其作为阳性对照组[10]),在4 ℃恒温条件下浸泡30 min,每组三个平行。浸泡完成后使用无菌操作台将样品表面水分沥干,用PA/PE无菌真空包装袋在真空度为0.1 MPa的真空包装机上进行真空包装,置于4 ℃恒温条件下保存,分别在第0、1、3、5、7、9 d取样进行测定分析,每次检测取样15 g,共3组。
参照Pei等[11]的方法并进行调整,将10片鱼片取出搅碎,准确称取10.00 g鱼肉样品,加入40 mL预冷的蛋白缓冲液(10 mmol/L Na3PO4,0.1 mol/L NaCl,2 mmol/L MgCl2,1 mmol/L EGTA,pH7.0),于10000 r/min均质1 min,期间停留三次。随后在4 ℃、5000 r/min条件下离心10 min,去掉上清液,将沉淀物重悬于40 mL预冷缓冲液中,确保充分混匀,重复上述提取-离心步骤3次。最后将沉淀物重悬于40 mL 0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中,相同条件下均质处理以去除结缔组织。经4 ℃、5000 r/min离心10 min后,收集沉淀物即为纯化的肌原纤维蛋白。
在沉淀物中加入10倍体积的15 mmol/L PIPES缓冲液(含0.6 mol/L NaCl,pH6.25),10000 r/min下均质1 min,在4 ℃下静置30 min使其充分平衡,两层无菌纱布过滤后,将滤液在4 ℃下8000 r/min离心5 min,取上清液4 ℃保存进行后续测定。
准确称取1.50 g五水硫酸铜和6.0 g酒石酸钾钠溶于500 mL去离子水中,完全溶解后缓慢加入300 mL 10%(w/v)的NaOH溶液,再用去离子水定容至1000 mL,充分混匀后装于聚乙烯塑料瓶中,4 ℃避光保存备用。
用牛血清蛋白作为标准蛋白[12],配制10.00 mg/mL的标准储备液。取12支洁净试管,分为6个浓度梯度组,分别加入0、0.20、0.40、0.60、0.80、1.00 mL标准蛋白溶液。用蒸馏水将各管定容至1.00 mL,随后加入4.00 mL双缩脲试剂。充分混匀后,于25 ℃下静置反应30 min。使用紫外-可见分光光度计,以未加标准蛋白作为空白对照,在540 nm波长下测定吸光度。结果取平均值,以牛血清蛋白浓度为横坐标,吸光值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线(y=0.0477x+0.0102,R2=0.996)。准确移取1.00 mL蛋白溶液,加入4.00 mL双缩脲试剂,相同条件下反应并测定吸光度值。根据标准曲线方程,计算样品中肌原纤维蛋白浓度。
不同处理条件下罗非鱼片肌肉组织中的总巯基含量由总巯基含量测定试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
不同处理条件下罗非鱼片肌肉组织中的羰基含量由蛋白质羰基含量测定试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
参照Wei等[13]法并进行调整,从各组已切好的罗非鱼片中切取3 mm×3 mm×3 mm的样品,将其浸泡在10%福尔马林中24 h进行固定,防止组织腐败变质并保持其组织形态结构。固定后用从低浓度到高浓度的乙醇(50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)将组织样品进行脱水处理,每个浓度时间约为1 h,以除去固定剂并使组织逐渐处于无水状态。脱水后包埋切片,先将组织样品保持切面向下浸泡在石蜡溶液中,渗透完成后倒入模具中,放入冷却台将石蜡固化。定型后取出,放入组织切片机中将其切成厚度约为5 μm的薄片,贴附于载玻片,随后用苏木精和伊红进行染色,用光学显微镜观察拍照。
不同处理条件下罗非鱼片肌肉组织中的Ca2+-ATPase活性由Ca2+-ATPase活性测定试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
各组多酚氧化酶酶活性使用PPO试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
各组过氧化物酶酶活性使用POD试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
各组超氧化物歧化酶酶活性使用SOD试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
各组脂肪酸合成酶酶活使用FAS试剂盒指导方法进行测定。
参照Li等[14]的方法并进行调整,将提取的蛋白溶液分装至预冷的冻干瓶中,置于−80 ℃超低温冰箱中预冻8 h。随后转移至冷冻干燥机中冻干72 h,冻干结束后即获得白色多孔状肌原纤维蛋白冻干粉末。取1.00 mg冻干蛋白粉末与100.00 mg光谱纯溴化钾在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨混合。使用液压式压片机在8~10 MPa压力下压制直径15 mm、厚度0.5 mm的透明薄片。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对样品进行结构表征,参数设置为:扫描范围4000~400 cm−1,扫描次数10次,扫描速度0.2 cm/s,分辨率4 cm−1。以溴化钾作为测定时的背景光谱。
参照Li等[15]的方法并进行调整,先用去离子水将各组提取的蛋白溶液稀释至1 mg/mL,在室温下测定,激发波长为295 nm,发射波长的扫描范围为300~400 nm,激发间距为5 nm,发射间距为5 nm,扫描速率为1000 nm/min,以去离子水为对照进行内源荧光光谱扫描。
本研究采用3次重复独立实验设计,结果表示为平均值±标准差。获得的实验数据采用Origin 9.0软件作图,用IBM SPSS Statistics 17.0软件进行单因素ANOVA检验,评估各实验组之间的统计学显著性水平(P<0.05)。
图1显示各组罗非鱼片中肌原纤维蛋白浓度的变化。不同的罗非鱼片个体可能会存在差异[16],因此在第0 d对每个样品进行了测定,观察其在整个贮藏期的变化程度。结果显示在0~9 d的贮藏期内,空白对照、0.2%OPC、0.5%AGOS、0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配、Nisin对照组的肌原纤维蛋白浓度分别下降了53.31%、47.04%、45.49%、44.05%、55.30%。其中Nisin对照组蛋白浓度下降最多,可能是因为Nisin在食品加工过程中稳定性较差[17];0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组蛋白浓度下降最为缓慢,由2.52±0.01 mg/mL下降至1.41±0.02 mg/mL。在贮藏1~9 d内,空白对照组蛋白浓度始终保持最低;第5 d后,复配组的蛋白浓度始终高于其他各组。氧化应激往往会引起蛋白质的变性、降解[18],进而使蛋白质浓度降低,原花青素作为天然极强抗氧化剂,可以高效淬灭自由基及氧化剂,降低氧化应激诱导的蛋白质损伤;琼胶寡糖也是一种有效的抗氧化剂,二者复配能够增强肌原纤维蛋白的稳定性,提高对蛋白质的保护作用。
图2显示了各组罗非鱼片中肌原纤维蛋白总巯基含量随时间的变化。在0~9 d的贮藏期内,肌原纤维蛋白的总巯基含量呈现下降趋势,空白对照组从0.234±0.005 μmol/g降低至0.153±0.005 μmol/g,降幅约34.62%;0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组则从0.258±0.005 μmol/g降低至0.203±0.005 μmol/g,降幅约21.32%;同时0.2%OPC组下降约24.80%;0.5%AGOS组下降约33.09%,在贮藏1~9 d内,复配组的总巯基含量始终高于其他各组。巯基含量下降由氧化引发的二硫键形成所致,间接反映了蛋白质氧化程度的加剧[19]。结果表明,原花青素与琼胶寡糖复配可以更好地抑制蛋白质结构的损伤。原花青素作为抗氧化剂,能够阻断巯基被氧化为二硫键的转化路径;而琼胶寡糖可在蛋白质表面形成物理屏障,减少外界环境对蛋白质的损伤,这种协同作用可以更好地保持巯基的稳定性。
蛋白质氧化过程会引发氨基酸残基侧链的化学修饰,其中羰基化是最为典型的氧化损伤标志[20],故而羰基含量被广泛应用于评估生物体系的氧化损伤程度。
图3显示各组罗非鱼片中肌原纤维蛋白羰基含量随时间的变化。实验结果显示在贮藏过程中,蛋白质的羰基含量始终呈增长趋势,表明冷藏过程中蛋白质发生了一定程度的氧化。0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组羰基含量上升最为缓慢,从0.055±0.001 μmol/g增加至0.245±0.005 μmol/g,且始终低于其他各组。结果表明,原花青素与琼胶寡糖复配可在抑制蛋白质氧化、延缓羰基含量增加方面发挥显著作用。原花青素借助其自由基清除能力阻断了·OH在蛋白质羰基链反应中诱导的氧化应激,从而抑制了蛋白质侧链中氨基酸残基向羰基的转化[21];琼胶寡糖则通过抑制微生物增殖,间接抑制了蛋白质的氧化。有研究发现[22],多酚类化合物与植物多糖复配后,能够显著增强其自由基的清除能力,且效果优于单一组分,与本研究结果一致。
图4显示肌原纤维蛋白的微观结构随贮藏时间的变化结果。贮藏初期第1 d,各组肌原纤维蛋白结构致密,排列高度有序且没有明显间隙;进入贮藏中期第5 d后,各组肌原纤维蛋白组织变小,边界轮廓逐渐清晰,开始显现空隙;到贮藏末期第9 d,空白对照组的肌原纤维蛋白结构中开始出现较大的细胞外间距与不规则的孔隙结构,而0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组减少了结构的变化,保持了细小的组织间隙。Fraga[23]的研究表明,多酚类化合物因其酚羟基易被氧化,并具备较高的活性氧清除能力,可有效淬灭自由基。原花青素的抗氧化效应及琼胶寡糖的物理屏障特性对蛋白质的微观结构产生了保护作用,抑制了冷藏环境下的结构崩解;同时原花青素能够通过氢键和静电与琼胶寡糖相互作用,使其微观结构更加致密[24]。
Ca2+-ATPase是维持Ca2+浓度的主要途径,能够催化ATP水解生成ADP和无机磷。肌球蛋白分子球状头部的变性情况与Ca2+-ATPase活性大小密切相关[25],故而这一指标可用于评价蛋白质的氧化程度。
图5显示各组罗非鱼片中肌原纤维蛋白Ca2+-ATPase活性随贮藏时间的变化,各组均呈现下降趋势,表明蛋白质在贮藏过程中产生了不同程度的氧化。贮藏0~9 d内,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组的Ca2+-ATPase活性从13.29±0.32 μmol/h/g降低到8.03±0.32 μmol/h/g,仅下降了39.58%,下降程度最低;同时在贮藏3~9 d内,复配组的Ca2+-ATPase活性始终处于各组中的最高水平,这是由于原花青素抗氧化性与琼胶寡糖成膜性的结合,减缓了蛋白质变性速度,有效维持了酶的活性。Zembyla等[26]研究发现,多酚类化合物中的芳香环结构可以与蛋白质的疏水区域形成稳定的疏水相互作用,降低疏水核心的暴露,从而减少由疏水相互作用紊乱引起的蛋白质变性。原花青素能通过与蛋白质中芳香氨基酸的堆积相互作用,实现对蛋白质局部构象的固定;同时原花青素的酚羟基可与蛋白质的极性基团(如氨基、羧基)生成氢键,提高蛋白质结构的稳定性。将原花青素的抗氧化性与琼胶寡糖的物理保护机制有机结合,能够有效抑制蛋白质变性,保持酶的活性,充分发挥协同保护作用。
PPO属于含铜氧化酶,生成的邻苯醌类化合物可以和蛋白质中的氨基产生共价交联,生成醌-蛋白质复合物,致使蛋白质发生改变。同时PPO活性变化能够反映氧化-抗氧化平衡状态,因此PPO是评价蛋白质氧化的重要指标。
图6显示了PPO的酶活随时间的变化,其活性整体呈现递增趋势。在贮藏期间,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组的PPO酶活仅从23.11±1.63 U/mg增加到36.63±1.71 U/mg,且始终低于其他各组。实验结果表明,复配组对PPO的活性有较强的抑制作用。PPO在氧化时会产生自由基,原花青素凭借其自由基捕获特性能够有效地抑制氧化反应的发生,进而降低PPO的活性;琼胶寡糖对酶有一定的抑制作用,复配后可通过与酶的结合或调节酶的活性环境,实现对PPO活性的直接抑制[27]。江宏伟[28]发现,肉桂酸及其衍生物可以很好地抑制PPO活性,其中羧基基团是抑制PPO的关键。肉桂酸、原花青素及琼胶寡糖都含有特征性功能基团,能与PPO活性中心的Cu2+结合,竞争性占据催化位点,阻断酶与底物的结合。
POD是一种氧化还原酶。图7显示了POD的酶活随时间的变化,其活性总体逐渐升高。贮藏期间,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组的POD酶活增长最为缓慢,仅从2.40±0.00 U/mg升高到5.73±0.83 U/mg;且在贮藏3~9 d内,复配组的POD酶活始终最低。实验结果表明,原花青素和琼胶寡糖复配可以有效地延缓POD活性的升高,从而抑制组织的老化。原花青素能够抑制过氧化氢的合成并消除自由基[29],降低POD的诱导表达水平及活性;琼胶寡糖可通过减弱氧化和脱水等环境应激降低POD活性,保持细胞的稳定性,二者结合应用具有较好的协同作用。
SOD是一种极为关键的抗氧化酶,可特异性催化超氧阴离子自由基产生歧化反应,故而SOD活性水平常被用于评估生物体的抗氧化能力[30]。
图8显示了SOD的酶活随时间的变化,其活性整体呈下降趋势,其中空白对照组与Nisin对照组下降尤为显著(P<0.05)。Nisin组的SOD活性在第1 d迅速下降,可能是因为Nisin快速在生物细胞膜上形成了孔洞[31],导致细胞中的小分子如ROS迅速流出,SOD酶清除ROS,活性急速降低;而Nisin组的SOD活性在第1~5 d的变化较小,可能是由于后期以抗性菌群为主导,体系波动小,产生的ROS较少,SOD酶活较为稳定。0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组的SOD酶活由84.31±1.40 U/mg降低到57.76±2.09 U/mg,仅下降了31.49%,低于其他各组;同时在贮藏1~9 d内,复配组的SOD酶活持续保持最高。实验结果表明,原花青素与琼胶寡糖的复配可以有效维持SOD的活性,进而起到抑制组织氧化的作用。原花青素能够阻断氧化应激,间接保持SOD活性的稳定,提高细胞的抗氧化防御能力;琼胶寡糖可改善细胞所处环境的稳定性,抑制SOD酶活的降低并维持结构的完整。
FAS活性下降会导致游离脂肪酸的累积,通过脂质氧化进而加剧蛋白氧化[32],因此FAS常作为评估蛋白氧化的重要指标。
图9显示了FAS的酶活随时间的变化,其活性总体呈现下降趋势。贮藏期间,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组由10.50±0.87 U/mg下降至6.67±0.29 U/mg,仅下降了36.48%,低于其他各组。各组酶活在第0 d存在差异,其中0.5%AGOS单因素组表现出最高的FAS活性,可能是由于琼胶寡糖通过调控脂质代谢的相关信号通路[33],在初期对FAS的表达及活性产生了较大影响;而在贮藏1~9 d内,复配组的FAS酶活始终保持最高。实验结果表明,复配组在贮藏过程中有效地延缓了FAS活性的下降。原花青素能够抑制脂质过氧化[34],阻断FAS的氧化损伤并保持FAS活性,进而维持鱼片的脂质质量及风味特性;添加琼胶寡糖能够保持适宜的酶促反应环境,通过调控相关代谢途径及信息通路,维持FAS的正常功能状态。
解析蛋白质二级结构的关键特征之一是位于1600~1700 cm−1的酰胺Ⅰ带,酰胺Ⅰ带主要对应于多肽链中羰基(C=O)的伸缩振动,该吸收峰可用于推断α-螺旋、β-折叠等蛋白质二级结构特征[35]。
图10显示了肌原纤维蛋白的红外特征吸收峰,即各组在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白的傅里叶变换红外光谱随时间的变化。在贮藏初期,0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组的酰胺Ⅰ带峰面积大于其他各组,是由于原花青素的苯环与琼胶寡糖的糖环之间存在相互作用[36],改变了C=O、C-O等特征峰的强度及位置。至贮藏后期第9 d,复配组的酰胺Ⅰ带吸收峰稳定于1654 cm−1处,表明原花青素和琼胶寡糖能有效维持肌原纤维蛋白酰胺Ⅰ带及二级结构的稳定性;而空白对照组的酰胺Ⅰ带吸收峰显著蓝移至1657 cm−1处,表明其无法维持肌原纤维蛋白的酰胺Ⅰ带,使得蛋白质的α-螺旋结构产生了改变,从而增加了C=O密度,减弱了氢键强度[37]。实验结果表明,原花青素与琼胶寡糖的复配能够有效保持α-螺旋结构,防止蛋白质的二级结构被破坏。
蛋白质中色氨酸残基内源荧光强度的动态监测能够表征肌原纤维蛋白的三级结构,天然折叠状态下的蛋白质色氨酸残基通常包埋于蛋白质的疏水核心区域,当蛋白质产生去折叠时,色氨酸残基会渐渐暴露在亲水性环境当中,从而引发荧光强度的减弱。
图11显示了在贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白的荧光光谱随时间的变化。在贮藏第0 d,由于不同罗非鱼片个体的差异,空白对照组的荧光强度低于其他各组;而0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组的荧光强度高于其他各组,表明原花青素和琼胶寡糖能够降低色氨酸残基在亲水环境中的暴露程度,进而抑制蛋白质三级结构的改变。到贮藏第9 d,空白对照组的荧光强度仍低于其他各组,表明肌原纤维蛋白的结构产生了改变,在亲水环境中暴露了部分色氨酸残基;而复配组的荧光强度保持稳定,表明添加原花青素与琼胶寡糖能够和色氨酸产生较好的相互作用。雷用东[38]发现,原花青素可减少肌原纤维蛋白二级结构从α-螺旋向β-折叠的转化,使得色氨酸的荧光猝灭程度降低,从而减少了肌原纤维蛋白贮藏期间的降解进程。
综上,原花青素-琼胶寡糖复配液可能的蛋白质氧化保护机制如图12所示。当活性氧等氧化应激攻击肌原纤维蛋白时,原花青素能够直接、高效地清除自由基,中断蛋白质氧化的链式反应;同时原花青素可以通过疏水相互作用与氢键的双重作用,降低蛋白质疏水核心的暴露并提高蛋白质结构的稳定性,有效防止了蛋白质的氧化变性。亲水的琼胶寡糖则可在蛋白质分子周围形成物理屏障,阻碍氧化剂与蛋白质的接触。另外,原花青素能够与琼胶寡糖通过氢键和静电相互作用紧密结合,共同螯合Fe2+、Cu2+等金属离子,阻止其通过Fenton反应催化生成·OH;并抑制了PPO和POD的酶促氧化,提高了SOD等抗氧化酶的活性和表达量。二者协同通过物理作用和化学作用,更全面地抑制了蛋白质的氧化,维持了肌原纤维蛋白的结构与功能。
本研究以罗非鱼为研究对象,提取罗非鱼片中的肌原纤维蛋白,探究原花青素-琼胶寡糖复配液对4 ℃贮藏过程中罗非鱼片肌原纤维蛋白的影响。结果显示,在贮藏期间0.2%OPC+0.5%AGOS复配组能更有效地抑制肌原纤维蛋白浓度、总巯基含量的下降并延缓羰基含量的上升。贮藏后期该复配组抑制了肌原纤维蛋白结构的变化,保持了细小的组织间隙。此外该复配组能抑制PPO和POD酶活的上升,延缓Ca2+-ATPase、SOD和FAS酶活的下降;同时维持蛋白质的空间结构。未来可拓宽使用场景,将其运用于水产品的保鲜之中,结合多组学技术深化机制研究,开发活性包装等新型应用,同时将该生物保鲜剂作为基础,与物理保鲜技术联合应用,开发更高效的保鲜方式。

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2026年第47卷第15期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060332
  • 接收时间:2025-06-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26
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    中国海洋大学三亚海洋研究院食品科学与工程学院,海南三亚 572024

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赵元晖(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品高值化利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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