Article(id=1320166153134125437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060306, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681738408, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681738408, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681738408, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681738408, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=344, endPage=356, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166153343840638, articleId=1320166153134125437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Flavor and Quality Differences in Broken Black Tea from Different Geographical Origins, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the flavor quality characteristics of broken black tea from different regions, representative samples from four regions, namely, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Hubei, were selected to analyze the quality differences of broken black tea from different origins employing sensory evaluation, chemical composition and aroma compound detection, combined with chemometric methodologies, taste activity value (TAV), and odor activity value (OAV). Results showed that significant disparities existed in the taste and flavor quality components of broken black tea across different regions. For instance, the Yunnan sample had the highest sensory evaluation scores, while the Hubei sample had the highest contents of caffeine (1.47%) and water extract levels (51.01%). The Guangxi sample exhibited elevated concentrations of tea polyphenols (17.28%), total catechins (10594.58 μg/g) and free amino acids (17913.09 μg/g) relative to other regions. Moreover, 13 substances-caffeine, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (ECG), catechin gallate (CG), catechin (C), isoleucine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, theanine (TAV>1) -were identified as the main contributors to the taste substances. A total of 76 aroma components were identified across the samples, with alcohols and aldehydes emerging as the primary aroma constituents, while the Guizhou sample had the highest content of aroma components (4898.50 μg/kg). Notable contributors to the sweet and floral aroma of broken black tea included linalool, hexanal, trans-nerolidol, myrcene, 3,5-octadien-2-one, β-ionone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, and β-cyclocitral, 9 components (OAV>10). The Guangxi and Yunnan samples derived their rich floral and sweet aroma from methyl linalool and 3,5-octadien-2-one (OAV>100), respectively. Characteristic aroma substances were also observed, with cis-4-heptenal distinguishing the Guizhou sample. Additionally, the combined aroma compositions of the two groups of broken black tea samples from Hubei and Yunnan were relatively similar. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of flavor and quality in broken black tea across different regions, which enhancing the understanding of its quality components.

, authors=Jingjing YANG, Baogui LIU, Yunxian WANG, Yunxiong ZHAO, Jinting LI, Siting GAO, Renyuan QIN, Hongyu FENG*, authorsList=Jingjing YANG, Baogui LIU, Yunxian WANG, Yunxiong ZHAO, Jinting LI, Siting GAO, Renyuan QIN, Hongyu FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongyu FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166157525561735, articleId=1320166153134125437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同产地红碎茶风味品质成分差异分析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同地区红碎茶风味品质特征,选取云南、广西、贵州、湖北4个地区的代表性红碎茶样品,采用感官评价、理化成分和香气物质检测,结合化学计量学法、滋味活度值(taste activity value,TAV)和香气活度值(odor activity value,OAV)分析不同产地红碎茶品质差异。结果表明:不同产地红碎茶滋味与风味品质有较大差异,云南茶样感官评分最高,湖北茶样咖啡碱(1.47%)和水浸出物(51.01%)含量最高,广西茶样茶多酚(17.28%)、儿茶素总量(10594.58 μg/g)和游离氨基酸总量(17913.09 μg/g)高于其他地区,咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯(catechin gallate,CG)、儿茶素(catechin,C)、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、茶氨酸(TAV>1)13个物质是茶汤滋味主要贡献物质;共鉴定出76种香气成分,贵州茶样香气成分含量(4898.50 μg/kg)最高,醇类和醛类是主要香气化合物,其中芳樟醇、己醛、反式-橙花叔醇、月桂烯、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮、苯甲醛、苯甲醇、β-环柠檬醛(OAV>10)9种成分是红碎茶甜香、花香的关键香气成分,芳樟醇和3,5-辛二烯-2-酮(OAV>100)分别是广西和云南茶样甜香、花香的重要贡献物质,顺式-4-庚烯醛是贵州茶样的特征性香气物质,综合湖北与云南两组茶样香气类型较为相似。本研究结果综合分析了不同产地红碎茶品质成分差异,进一步丰富了红碎茶风味品质特征的研究理论。

, authors=杨晶晶, 刘宝贵, 王云仙, 赵云雄, 李金婷, 高斯婷, 覃仁源, 冯红钰*, authorsList=杨晶晶, 刘宝贵, 王云仙, 赵云雄, 李金婷, 高斯婷, 覃仁源, 冯红钰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冯红钰, authorNote=

杨晶晶(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:茶叶加工及应用技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
冯红钰(1982−),女,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:茶叶加工及应用技术,E-mail:。
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杨晶晶(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:茶叶加工及应用技术,E-mail:

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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2016, 37(23): 304−310., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166157978546568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166157991129481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, companyId=1320166157978546568, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo 532415, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166157995323786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, companyId=1320166157978546568, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左 532415)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166166518149567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Distribution and contents of aroma components in broken black tea from different geographical origins, figureFileSmall=feqi5GrMugWjKLh6xO32Uw==, figureFileBig=nGX1WMfk4mXaZbN4xy//cQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166166694310336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同产地红碎茶样品中香气成分分布及含量

注:a.香气成分的种类与含量;b.香气成分的种类与数量;c.香气成分的Venn图分析。

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注:a.GXMY香气成分比例;b.GZZS香气成分比例;c.HBDR香气成分比例;d.YMHY香气成分比例。

, figureFileSmall=77IYhSQu9s91FDbo3GEfRg==, figureFileBig=axH8HPxGdXzLMGpMMj+yLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166167654805955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Multivariate statistical analysis of aroma components in broken black tea from different geographical origins, figureFileSmall=pzAhlNGG7/BCCWnBrC18LA==, figureFileBig=zSXR3vhWhac4KxMZmifqcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166167965184452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同产地红碎茶香气成分的多元统计分析

注:a.HCA图;b.OPLS-DA模型;c.交叉验证。

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Sample information of broken black tea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号产地样品来源
GXMY广西南宁广西南宁茗韵茶叶有限公司
GZZS贵州遵义贵州遵义紫山茶叶有限公司
HBDR湖北利川湖北鼎融茶叶公司
YMHY云南德宏云南芒市宏跃茶叶公司
), ArticleFig(id=1320166169227669960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

红碎茶样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号产地样品来源
GXMY广西南宁广西南宁茗韵茶叶有限公司
GZZS贵州遵义贵州遵义紫山茶叶有限公司
HBDR湖北利川湖北鼎融茶叶公司
YMHY云南德宏云南芒市宏跃茶叶公司
), ArticleFig(id=1320166169336721865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation results of broken black tea from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品外形(20%)香气(30%)汤色(10%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总分排名
评价得分评价得分评价得分评价得分评价得分
GXMY颗粒较紧实、色润、较匀净88甜香,香高90红亮90浓强鲜爽92红匀亮9090.22
GZZS颗粒紧结带梗、色润、尚匀净85甜香,香高90较红亮86尚浓厚88红匀尚明亮8887.84
HBDR颗粒较紧实、色红润、尚匀净88甜香,带花香,较香高88红浓亮88鲜爽较浓强90红匀亮9088.83
YMHY颗粒紧实、色红润、匀净92甜香带花香,香高持久92红明亮92浓强鲜爽,醇厚90红匀明亮9191.31
), ArticleFig(id=1320166169441579466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同产地红碎茶感官审评结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品外形(20%)香气(30%)汤色(10%)滋味(30%)叶底(10%)总分排名
评价得分评价得分评价得分评价得分评价得分
GXMY颗粒较紧实、色润、较匀净88甜香,香高90红亮90浓强鲜爽92红匀亮9090.22
GZZS颗粒紧结带梗、色润、尚匀净85甜香,香高90较红亮86尚浓厚88红匀尚明亮8887.84
HBDR颗粒较紧实、色红润、尚匀净88甜香,带花香,较香高88红浓亮88鲜爽较浓强90红匀亮9088.83
YMHY颗粒紧实、色红润、匀净92甜香带花香,香高持久92红明亮92浓强鲜爽,醇厚90红匀明亮9191.31
), ArticleFig(id=1320166169647100363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of chemical components of broken black tea from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标含量(%)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
水浸出物46.37±0.28c40.29±0.15d51.01±0.18a49.14±0.19b
茶多酚17.28±0.11a11.66±0.11d15.23±0.31b14.12±0.16c
咖啡碱1.38±0.00b1.01±0.00d1.47±0.00a1.23±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166169718403532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同产地红碎茶主要内含物分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标含量(%)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
水浸出物46.37±0.28c40.29±0.15d51.01±0.18a49.14±0.19b
茶多酚17.28±0.11a11.66±0.11d15.23±0.31b14.12±0.16c
咖啡碱1.38±0.00b1.01±0.00d1.47±0.00a1.23±0.00c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166169802289613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of catechins content of broken black tea from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标含量(μg/g)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
GC46.65±1.29a14.19±0.05c18.58±0.17b15.67±0.36c
EGC459.47±0.74c805.34±1.03b1281.46±4.18a382.64±2.49d
C646.24±0.29b3.75±0.20d12.72±0.14c962.15±0.05a
EGCG2642.10±4.66a526.55±0.17c500.85±0.50d1638.27±1.37b
EC1342.79±1.06b141.50±0.12d231.51±0.20c2243.53±3.65a
GCG36.52±1.19a35.64±0.04a15.81±0.05b16.06±0.73b
ECG5225.57±1.87a302.53±0.43c296.36±0.63d4978.70±0.07b
CG196.24±0.31d296.95±0.49b355.80±0.08a246.06±0.16c
酯型儿茶素8100.43±5.04a1134.66±1.05d1168.81±0.11c6879.09±2.19b
非酯型儿茶素2077.22±1.04b964.78±1.67d1544.26±3.68c3603.98±6.45a
儿茶素总量10594.58±4.36a2099.45±2.72d2713.07±3.79c10483.07±8.63b
酯型儿茶素/非酯型儿茶素3.901.180.761.91
), ArticleFig(id=1320166170125251022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同产地红碎茶儿茶素类含量分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标含量(μg/g)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
GC46.65±1.29a14.19±0.05c18.58±0.17b15.67±0.36c
EGC459.47±0.74c805.34±1.03b1281.46±4.18a382.64±2.49d
C646.24±0.29b3.75±0.20d12.72±0.14c962.15±0.05a
EGCG2642.10±4.66a526.55±0.17c500.85±0.50d1638.27±1.37b
EC1342.79±1.06b141.50±0.12d231.51±0.20c2243.53±3.65a
GCG36.52±1.19a35.64±0.04a15.81±0.05b16.06±0.73b
ECG5225.57±1.87a302.53±0.43c296.36±0.63d4978.70±0.07b
CG196.24±0.31d296.95±0.49b355.80±0.08a246.06±0.16c
酯型儿茶素8100.43±5.04a1134.66±1.05d1168.81±0.11c6879.09±2.19b
非酯型儿茶素2077.22±1.04b964.78±1.67d1544.26±3.68c3603.98±6.45a
儿茶素总量10594.58±4.36a2099.45±2.72d2713.07±3.79c10483.07±8.63b
酯型儿茶素/非酯型儿茶素3.901.180.761.91
), ArticleFig(id=1320166170574041551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Content of free amino acids in broken black tea from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标含量(μg/g)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
天冬氨酸1666.15±0.05a645.20±6.26c1667.79±0.36a1300.20±5.98b
谷氨酸1896.16±1.38a1085.57±4.25d1596.50±0.23b1232.03±1.95c
丝氨酸398.22±1.31a106.18±2.93d257.60±2.33c332.00±0.96b
甘氨酸19.05±0.03c31.90±1.34a21.28±0.38b8.82±0.14d
组氨酸33.37±0.21c52.08±1.58a49.10±0.62b50.92±1.79ab
精氨酸215.75±0.17c187.05±1.57d390.38±0.75a267.71±5.54b
苏氨酸94.65±1.53b10.03±0.38d130.08±0.66a80.50±1.05c
丙氨酸4043.76±2.22a2794.65±0.94d3898.22±9.60b3863.69±1.88c
脯氨酸125.31±0.77b54.35±0.63d167.90±0.38a94.92±0.59c
酪氨酸110.84±0.53c40.43±1.27d151.21±1.41a125.13±0.63b
缬氨酸138.08±1.01b45.07±3.81d220.93±1.08a115.81±1.08c
蛋氨酸36.59±0.10b16.09±0.43c126.61±3.31a39.02±0.40b
异亮氨酸1222.25±1.37b553.89±1.42d821.82±7.15c1363.10±1.13a
亮氨酸126.99±1.28b66.65±1.11d141.57±0.29a104.85±0.08c
苯丙氨酸241.62±1.17a35.19±2.36d180.96±1.77b142.34±0.68c
赖氨酸1483.74±0.21a1318.01±1.55d1373.73±2.18b1345.58±1.52c
茶氨酸6060.56±26.57a2431.45±25.67d3494.74±0.19c3646.73±24.62b
总鲜味
氨基酸
9622.87±25.25a4162.22±6.54d6759.03±0.32b6178.95±16.69c
总甜味
氨基酸
4681.00±1.63a2997.12±0.41d4483.09±6.60b4379.94±2.42c
总苦味
氨基酸
2014.64±2.15a956.02±2.22d1931.37±11.57c2083.74±4.91b
总必需
氨基酸
3343.90±0.45a2044.93±1.02d3003.69±12.96c3191.19±4.99b
总氨基酸17913.09±24.41a9473.79±4.21d14698.43±18.63b14113.33±18.30c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166170993471952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同产地红碎茶中氨基酸的含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标含量(μg/g)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
天冬氨酸1666.15±0.05a645.20±6.26c1667.79±0.36a1300.20±5.98b
谷氨酸1896.16±1.38a1085.57±4.25d1596.50±0.23b1232.03±1.95c
丝氨酸398.22±1.31a106.18±2.93d257.60±2.33c332.00±0.96b
甘氨酸19.05±0.03c31.90±1.34a21.28±0.38b8.82±0.14d
组氨酸33.37±0.21c52.08±1.58a49.10±0.62b50.92±1.79ab
精氨酸215.75±0.17c187.05±1.57d390.38±0.75a267.71±5.54b
苏氨酸94.65±1.53b10.03±0.38d130.08±0.66a80.50±1.05c
丙氨酸4043.76±2.22a2794.65±0.94d3898.22±9.60b3863.69±1.88c
脯氨酸125.31±0.77b54.35±0.63d167.90±0.38a94.92±0.59c
酪氨酸110.84±0.53c40.43±1.27d151.21±1.41a125.13±0.63b
缬氨酸138.08±1.01b45.07±3.81d220.93±1.08a115.81±1.08c
蛋氨酸36.59±0.10b16.09±0.43c126.61±3.31a39.02±0.40b
异亮氨酸1222.25±1.37b553.89±1.42d821.82±7.15c1363.10±1.13a
亮氨酸126.99±1.28b66.65±1.11d141.57±0.29a104.85±0.08c
苯丙氨酸241.62±1.17a35.19±2.36d180.96±1.77b142.34±0.68c
赖氨酸1483.74±0.21a1318.01±1.55d1373.73±2.18b1345.58±1.52c
茶氨酸6060.56±26.57a2431.45±25.67d3494.74±0.19c3646.73±24.62b
总鲜味
氨基酸
9622.87±25.25a4162.22±6.54d6759.03±0.32b6178.95±16.69c
总甜味
氨基酸
4681.00±1.63a2997.12±0.41d4483.09±6.60b4379.94±2.42c
总苦味
氨基酸
2014.64±2.15a956.02±2.22d1931.37±11.57c2083.74±4.91b
总必需
氨基酸
3343.90±0.45a2044.93±1.02d3003.69±12.96c3191.19±4.99b
总氨基酸17913.09±24.41a9473.79±4.21d14698.43±18.63b14113.33±18.30c
), ArticleFig(id=1320166171081552337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

TAV analysis of flavor compounds in broken black tea f from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滋味
物质
名称阈值
(μg/g)[21]
TAV呈味特征[2]
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
关键
成分
咖啡碱100137.94100.70146.93123.28苦味
EGC1652.784.887.772.32褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
EGCG18014.682.932.789.10苦味、褶皱型
收敛感
EC2305.840.621.019.75褶皱型收敛感
ECG20026.131.511.4824.89褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
CG1101.782.453.232.24苦味、收敛感
C2902.23<0.1<0.13.32褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
天冬氨酸10001.670.651.671.30鲜味
谷氨酸3006.323.625.324.11鲜味
丙氨酸6006.744.666.506.44甜味
异亮氨酸9001.360.620.911.51苦味
赖氨酸5002.972.642.752.69苦味
茶氨酸10505.772.323.333.47鲜爽带甜
修饰性
成分
GCG1800.200.20<0.1<0.1褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
组氨酸2000.170.260.250.25苦味
精氨酸5000.430.370.780.54苦味
苏氨酸2600<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1甜味
酪氨酸9100.12<0.10.170.14苦味
缬氨酸4000.350.110.550.29苦味
苯丙氨酸9000.27<0.10.200.16苦味
丝氨酸15000.27<0.10.170.22甜味
潜在
成分
甘氨酸1300<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1甜味
脯氨酸3000<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1甜味
蛋氨酸3000<0.1<0.11<0.1<0.1苦味
亮氨酸1900<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1苦味
), ArticleFig(id=1320166171169632722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同产地红碎茶滋味化合物的TAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
滋味
物质
名称阈值
(μg/g)[21]
TAV呈味特征[2]
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
关键
成分
咖啡碱100137.94100.70146.93123.28苦味
EGC1652.784.887.772.32褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
EGCG18014.682.932.789.10苦味、褶皱型
收敛感
EC2305.840.621.019.75褶皱型收敛感
ECG20026.131.511.4824.89褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
CG1101.782.453.232.24苦味、收敛感
C2902.23<0.1<0.13.32褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
天冬氨酸10001.670.651.671.30鲜味
谷氨酸3006.323.625.324.11鲜味
丙氨酸6006.744.666.506.44甜味
异亮氨酸9001.360.620.911.51苦味
赖氨酸5002.972.642.752.69苦味
茶氨酸10505.772.323.333.47鲜爽带甜
修饰性
成分
GCG1800.200.20<0.1<0.1褶皱型收敛
感、苦味
组氨酸2000.170.260.250.25苦味
精氨酸5000.430.370.780.54苦味
苏氨酸2600<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1甜味
酪氨酸9100.12<0.10.170.14苦味
缬氨酸4000.350.110.550.29苦味
苯丙氨酸9000.27<0.10.200.16苦味
丝氨酸15000.27<0.10.170.22甜味
潜在
成分
甘氨酸1300<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1甜味
脯氨酸3000<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1甜味
蛋氨酸3000<0.1<0.11<0.1<0.1苦味
亮氨酸1900<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1苦味
), ArticleFig(id=1320166172994154964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Aroma components of broken black tea from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物分子式CASRI保留时间(min)含量(μg/kg)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
11-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-497012.44417.25±0.31d39.47±0.10a19.04±0.06c28.01±1.01b
23-氨基苯甲醇C7H9NO1877-77-6140515.54919.72±0.14b−11.38±0.45c27.41±0.08a
3苯甲醇C7H8O100-51-6103516.94188.12±0.33c212.41±0.34a102.38±0.33b85.96±0.72d
4芳樟醇C10H18O78-70-6109817.942877.11±2.94a59.70±0.43d293.05±3.82c491.21±7.25b
5反式-橙花叔醇C15H26O40716-66-3156218.198179.04±1.82d233.47±0.16c286.64±0.88b422.20±0.38a
6(3R,6S)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3醇C10H18O239028-58-5168521.44543.55±0.03b47.16±0.54a24.05±0.21c20.73±0.33d
74-萜烯醇C10H18O562-74-3111721.49640.65±0.21a10.69±0.09d29.54±0.48b24.49±0.07c
83-(N-苄基-N-甲基)-1,2-丙二醇C11H17NO260278-98-0180128.30332.21±0.17c15.21±0.08d62.41±0.20b88.83±1.80a
醇类(8种)
9己醛C6H12O66-25-18005.708437.75±0.18c907.61±15.51a483.50±2.24b355.44±3.57d
10反式-2-己烯醛C6H10O6728-26-38507.389146.29±1.05b64.30±0.48d165.00±4.11a112.43±1.99c
11顺式-4-庚烯醛C7H12O18829-55-589311.405−149.85±0.12−−
12苯甲醛C7H6O100-52-796011.514−32.79±0.30c68.89±0.27a35.25±1.04b
13反式-2-庚醛C7H10O18829-55-5105013.86275.10±0.25c176.52±0.16a74.44±0.16c100.59±0.73b
14苯乙醛C8H8O122-78-1104515.273−−25.17±0.11a17.60±0.14b
15反式-4-癸烯醛C10H18O65405-70-1126015.934193.47±0.44c252.51±0.94a220.82±0.06b166.19±1.47d
162,6,6-三甲基-1,3-环己二烯-1-甲醛C10H14O116-26-7120022.529−−7.35±0.25b14.47±0.11a
17β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-7123723.49727.44±0.10d32.99±0.02c50.58±0.25b90.35±0.38a
18柠檬醛C10H16O5392-40-5125625.9747.61±0.01d18.48±0.21a15.55±0.82b14.20±0.25c
醛类(10种)
19己酸C6H12O2142-62-199013.124−529.94±6.90a−86.74±0.61b
20亚麻酸C18H30O2463-40-1168016.53738.69±0.16b617.13±8.28a27.95±0.25c8.35±0.01d
21棕榈酸C16H32O257-10-3196031.07438.01±0.28a15.06±0.03d27.13±0.22b22.47±0.07c
酸类(3种)
223-(甲基环戊基)丙酮C9H16O24070-70-011509.07675.45±0.70d129.61±0.49a112.55±0.24b91.72±2.75c
23甲基庚烯酮C8H14O110-93-098012.77183.64±0.38d275.61±0.91a161.13±0.90b89.92±1.77c
242,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-9108014.76631.21±2.48a21.25±0.07c26.70±0.17b31.21±0.22a
253,5-辛二烯-2-酮C8H12O30086-02-3110016.652124.98±1.34b−127.45±3.15b230.77±0.09a
26香豆素C9H6O291-64-5143017.67240.06±0.16d122.24±0.31a63.82±0.48c71.03±1.49b
271-乙基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮C6H9NO2314-78-5110019.5977.23±0.04c4.60±0.04d33.69±0.24b43.35±0.11a
282,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1,4-二酮C9H12O21125-21-9135019.969−15.82±0.10a11.05±0.28c13.19±0.21b
294-异丙基环己-2-烯-1-酮C9H14O500-02-7123321.95820.69±0.10a4.89±0.05d17.48±0.01b14.59±0.15c
30(-)-马鞭草烯酮C10H14O1196-01-6121023.0110.08±0a3.20±0.02d8.96±0.01b4.75±0.03c
31α-紫罗酮C13H20O127-41-3142532.60113.21±0.09d18.54±0.07c26.58±0.19b43.53±0.57a
32香叶基丙酮C13H22O3796-70-1145033.672−24.32±0.7a12.24±0.22b10.04±0.39c
33β-紫罗兰酮C13H20O79-77-6148034.98115.61±0.15d46.55±0.08c81.74±2.15b113.24±1.98a
341,6,6-三甲基环己烯-3-酮C9H14O17299-41-1125039.6969.16±0.14a3.10±0.01d4.73±0.01b3.75±0.11c
酮类(13种)
35水杨酸甲酯C8H8O3119-36-8119022.3689.72±0.02c22.93±0.05a7.14±0.10d18.65±0.22b
361,7,7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇乙酸酯C12H20O292618-89-8128526.48726.07±0.22a7.08±0.06d19.09±0.47b17.40±0.27c
37二氢猕猴桃内酯C11H16O217092-92-1147036.604−14.92±0.06c45.22±0.24b78.18±1.15a
382,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇双异丁酸酯C16H30O46846-50-0166039.3623.76±0.01b3.16±0c7.16±0.06a−
酯类(4种)
392,4-二甲基-1-庚烯C9H1819549-87-28006.875113.08±0.26a29.46±0.03d79.37±0.14c91.78±0.95b
40β-罗勒烯C10H1613877-91-3104512.136−5.97±0.01b59.41±0.11a−
41月桂烯C10H16123-35-398512.867113.92±0.29c76.68±0.41d217.31±2.96a130.88±1.23b
42(R)-(+)-柠檬烯C10H165989-27-5102014.484285.03±5.22a44.25±1.85d243.84±4.59b142.73±0.33c
431-甲基环丙烯C4H63100-04-789015.174.54±0.02c−27.46±0.05b37.49±1.29a
443-甲基-6-(1-甲基乙亚基)环己烯C10H16586-63-0101517.313−76.94±0.34−−
451-十二碳烯C12H24112-41-4119022.23413.65±0.25a−11.81±0.09b8.56±0.05c
46(+)-香橙烯C15H24489-39-4144031.8638.48±0.20a3.38±0.01d7.93±0b6.68±0.01c
47L-石竹烯C15H2487-44-5142032.15852.32±0.09a9.54±0.08d17.39±0.07b15.39±0.21c
48α-石竹烯C15H246753-98-6145033.56368.87±2.00a20.08±0.17d45.61±0.42b38.94±0.46c
烯烃类(种10种)
494-甲基-辛烷C9H202216-34-48607.6120.69±0.31a−96.36±0.18b80.70±0.06c
50癸烷C10H22124-18-5100013.25968.79±0.05b−88.9±0.66a65.24±0.18c
51邻位伞花烃C10H14527-84-4102014.311119.41±0.49a19.50±0.23d98.11±4.64b68.56±0.46c
524-甲基-癸烷C11H242847-72-590916.06238.23±0.74a22.69±0.14c28.38±0.57b9.05±0.02d
53十二烷C12H26112-40-391816.17839.79±0.30c−81.63±0.31a54.04±0.64b
542-甲基癸烷C11H246975-98-0105016.22932.39±0.55a7.49±0.09b−−
553,7-二甲基癸烷C12H2617312-54-8108018.044189.97±0.01b29.50±0.01d232.1±1.42a178.91±0.18c
563,3-二甲基己烷C8H18563-16-671018.62856.89±0.44c29.50±0.16d77.56±0.60a60.23±0.93b
574-甲基十一烷C12H262980-69-0121018.70567.49±1.38a11.71±0.14c67.50±0.26a46.91±0.32b
582-甲基十一烷C12H267045-71-8122020.95114.24±0.02b18.46±0.01a19.08±0.49a14.23±0.46b
593-甲基-十一烷C12H261002-43-3123021.23935.39±0.03b51.35±0.03a33.33±0.34c22.89±0.10d
60十二烷C12H26112-40-3120022.631122.09±0.03b31.70±1.19d127.98±1.06a93.54±0.01c
613,5-二甲基辛烷C10H2215869-93-985023.2734.55±0.01d10.31±0.02c20.26±0.39a19.40±0.19b
6210-甲基十九烷C20H4256862-62-5195026.6417.78±0.13c3.75±0.03d16.36±0.07b21.51±0.28a
633,6-二甲基癸烷C12H2617312-53-7107026.8917.54±0.11c5.06±0.04d13.79±0.03b20.87±0.24a
644-甲基十四烷C15H3225117-24-2141028.00710.48±0.14c3.80±0.01d13.86±0.34b19.60±0.02a
652,6,10-三甲基十三烷C16H343891-99-4145029.02710.25±0.15c5.38±0.02d22.03±0b28.14±0.17a
66十二烷C12H26112-40-3120029.1248.50±0.28c3.46±0.01d18.36±0a16.85±0.06b
67十四烷C14H30629-59-4140031.47227.37±0.43a9.53±0.09d25.85±0.47b20.89±0.56c
68二十一烷C21H44629-94-7210037.1626.32±0c2.86±0.07d10.62±0b15.82±0.02a
烷烃类(20种)
692-蒎烯C10H1680-56-897510.26994.61±0.01a21.21±0.09d53.97±0.74b35.42±1.33c
70莰烯C10H1679-92-595010.85942.82±0.01c59.11±0.11a44.14±0.8b34.57±0.80d
712-正戊基呋喃C9H14O3777-69-399015.004−114.94±0.75a40.89±0.31b7.86±0.12c
721-碘癸烷C10H21I2050-77-3147025.556.88±0.38c3.54±0.01d15.02±0.07b17.25±0.34a
732-甲氧基呋喃C5H6O225414-22-681026.26930.34±0.41c27.50±0d77.63±0.73b113.07±2.04a
742-(1,3-丁二烯基)-1,3,5-三甲基-苯C13H165732-00-3132029.355−−−4.93±0.11
751-丁基吡咯C8H13N589-33-3110030.7156.98±0.05b2.98±0.02d6.75±0.01c10.64±0.07a
762,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚C15H24O128-37-0145036.0656.87±0.08b3.77±0.01d6.20±0.01c8.09±0.15a
其他类(8种)
), ArticleFig(id=1320166173090623957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同产地红碎茶香气成分及含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物分子式CASRI保留时间(min)含量(μg/kg)
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
11-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O3391-86-497012.44417.25±0.31d39.47±0.10a19.04±0.06c28.01±1.01b
23-氨基苯甲醇C7H9NO1877-77-6140515.54919.72±0.14b−11.38±0.45c27.41±0.08a
3苯甲醇C7H8O100-51-6103516.94188.12±0.33c212.41±0.34a102.38±0.33b85.96±0.72d
4芳樟醇C10H18O78-70-6109817.942877.11±2.94a59.70±0.43d293.05±3.82c491.21±7.25b
5反式-橙花叔醇C15H26O40716-66-3156218.198179.04±1.82d233.47±0.16c286.64±0.88b422.20±0.38a
6(3R,6S)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3醇C10H18O239028-58-5168521.44543.55±0.03b47.16±0.54a24.05±0.21c20.73±0.33d
74-萜烯醇C10H18O562-74-3111721.49640.65±0.21a10.69±0.09d29.54±0.48b24.49±0.07c
83-(N-苄基-N-甲基)-1,2-丙二醇C11H17NO260278-98-0180128.30332.21±0.17c15.21±0.08d62.41±0.20b88.83±1.80a
醇类(8种)
9己醛C6H12O66-25-18005.708437.75±0.18c907.61±15.51a483.50±2.24b355.44±3.57d
10反式-2-己烯醛C6H10O6728-26-38507.389146.29±1.05b64.30±0.48d165.00±4.11a112.43±1.99c
11顺式-4-庚烯醛C7H12O18829-55-589311.405−149.85±0.12−−
12苯甲醛C7H6O100-52-796011.514−32.79±0.30c68.89±0.27a35.25±1.04b
13反式-2-庚醛C7H10O18829-55-5105013.86275.10±0.25c176.52±0.16a74.44±0.16c100.59±0.73b
14苯乙醛C8H8O122-78-1104515.273−−25.17±0.11a17.60±0.14b
15反式-4-癸烯醛C10H18O65405-70-1126015.934193.47±0.44c252.51±0.94a220.82±0.06b166.19±1.47d
162,6,6-三甲基-1,3-环己二烯-1-甲醛C10H14O116-26-7120022.529−−7.35±0.25b14.47±0.11a
17β-环柠檬醛C10H16O432-25-7123723.49727.44±0.10d32.99±0.02c50.58±0.25b90.35±0.38a
18柠檬醛C10H16O5392-40-5125625.9747.61±0.01d18.48±0.21a15.55±0.82b14.20±0.25c
醛类(10种)
19己酸C6H12O2142-62-199013.124−529.94±6.90a−86.74±0.61b
20亚麻酸C18H30O2463-40-1168016.53738.69±0.16b617.13±8.28a27.95±0.25c8.35±0.01d
21棕榈酸C16H32O257-10-3196031.07438.01±0.28a15.06±0.03d27.13±0.22b22.47±0.07c
酸类(3种)
223-(甲基环戊基)丙酮C9H16O24070-70-011509.07675.45±0.70d129.61±0.49a112.55±0.24b91.72±2.75c
23甲基庚烯酮C8H14O110-93-098012.77183.64±0.38d275.61±0.91a161.13±0.90b89.92±1.77c
242,2,6-三甲基环己酮C9H16O2408-37-9108014.76631.21±2.48a21.25±0.07c26.70±0.17b31.21±0.22a
253,5-辛二烯-2-酮C8H12O30086-02-3110016.652124.98±1.34b−127.45±3.15b230.77±0.09a
26香豆素C9H6O291-64-5143017.67240.06±0.16d122.24±0.31a63.82±0.48c71.03±1.49b
271-乙基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮C6H9NO2314-78-5110019.5977.23±0.04c4.60±0.04d33.69±0.24b43.35±0.11a
282,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1,4-二酮C9H12O21125-21-9135019.969−15.82±0.10a11.05±0.28c13.19±0.21b
294-异丙基环己-2-烯-1-酮C9H14O500-02-7123321.95820.69±0.10a4.89±0.05d17.48±0.01b14.59±0.15c
30(-)-马鞭草烯酮C10H14O1196-01-6121023.0110.08±0a3.20±0.02d8.96±0.01b4.75±0.03c
31α-紫罗酮C13H20O127-41-3142532.60113.21±0.09d18.54±0.07c26.58±0.19b43.53±0.57a
32香叶基丙酮C13H22O3796-70-1145033.672−24.32±0.7a12.24±0.22b10.04±0.39c
33β-紫罗兰酮C13H20O79-77-6148034.98115.61±0.15d46.55±0.08c81.74±2.15b113.24±1.98a
341,6,6-三甲基环己烯-3-酮C9H14O17299-41-1125039.6969.16±0.14a3.10±0.01d4.73±0.01b3.75±0.11c
酮类(13种)
35水杨酸甲酯C8H8O3119-36-8119022.3689.72±0.02c22.93±0.05a7.14±0.10d18.65±0.22b
361,7,7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇乙酸酯C12H20O292618-89-8128526.48726.07±0.22a7.08±0.06d19.09±0.47b17.40±0.27c
37二氢猕猴桃内酯C11H16O217092-92-1147036.604−14.92±0.06c45.22±0.24b78.18±1.15a
382,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇双异丁酸酯C16H30O46846-50-0166039.3623.76±0.01b3.16±0c7.16±0.06a−
酯类(4种)
392,4-二甲基-1-庚烯C9H1819549-87-28006.875113.08±0.26a29.46±0.03d79.37±0.14c91.78±0.95b
40β-罗勒烯C10H1613877-91-3104512.136−5.97±0.01b59.41±0.11a−
41月桂烯C10H16123-35-398512.867113.92±0.29c76.68±0.41d217.31±2.96a130.88±1.23b
42(R)-(+)-柠檬烯C10H165989-27-5102014.484285.03±5.22a44.25±1.85d243.84±4.59b142.73±0.33c
431-甲基环丙烯C4H63100-04-789015.174.54±0.02c−27.46±0.05b37.49±1.29a
443-甲基-6-(1-甲基乙亚基)环己烯C10H16586-63-0101517.313−76.94±0.34−−
451-十二碳烯C12H24112-41-4119022.23413.65±0.25a−11.81±0.09b8.56±0.05c
46(+)-香橙烯C15H24489-39-4144031.8638.48±0.20a3.38±0.01d7.93±0b6.68±0.01c
47L-石竹烯C15H2487-44-5142032.15852.32±0.09a9.54±0.08d17.39±0.07b15.39±0.21c
48α-石竹烯C15H246753-98-6145033.56368.87±2.00a20.08±0.17d45.61±0.42b38.94±0.46c
烯烃类(种10种)
494-甲基-辛烷C9H202216-34-48607.6120.69±0.31a−96.36±0.18b80.70±0.06c
50癸烷C10H22124-18-5100013.25968.79±0.05b−88.9±0.66a65.24±0.18c
51邻位伞花烃C10H14527-84-4102014.311119.41±0.49a19.50±0.23d98.11±4.64b68.56±0.46c
524-甲基-癸烷C11H242847-72-590916.06238.23±0.74a22.69±0.14c28.38±0.57b9.05±0.02d
53十二烷C12H26112-40-391816.17839.79±0.30c−81.63±0.31a54.04±0.64b
542-甲基癸烷C11H246975-98-0105016.22932.39±0.55a7.49±0.09b−−
553,7-二甲基癸烷C12H2617312-54-8108018.044189.97±0.01b29.50±0.01d232.1±1.42a178.91±0.18c
563,3-二甲基己烷C8H18563-16-671018.62856.89±0.44c29.50±0.16d77.56±0.60a60.23±0.93b
574-甲基十一烷C12H262980-69-0121018.70567.49±1.38a11.71±0.14c67.50±0.26a46.91±0.32b
582-甲基十一烷C12H267045-71-8122020.95114.24±0.02b18.46±0.01a19.08±0.49a14.23±0.46b
593-甲基-十一烷C12H261002-43-3123021.23935.39±0.03b51.35±0.03a33.33±0.34c22.89±0.10d
60十二烷C12H26112-40-3120022.631122.09±0.03b31.70±1.19d127.98±1.06a93.54±0.01c
613,5-二甲基辛烷C10H2215869-93-985023.2734.55±0.01d10.31±0.02c20.26±0.39a19.40±0.19b
6210-甲基十九烷C20H4256862-62-5195026.6417.78±0.13c3.75±0.03d16.36±0.07b21.51±0.28a
633,6-二甲基癸烷C12H2617312-53-7107026.8917.54±0.11c5.06±0.04d13.79±0.03b20.87±0.24a
644-甲基十四烷C15H3225117-24-2141028.00710.48±0.14c3.80±0.01d13.86±0.34b19.60±0.02a
652,6,10-三甲基十三烷C16H343891-99-4145029.02710.25±0.15c5.38±0.02d22.03±0b28.14±0.17a
66十二烷C12H26112-40-3120029.1248.50±0.28c3.46±0.01d18.36±0a16.85±0.06b
67十四烷C14H30629-59-4140031.47227.37±0.43a9.53±0.09d25.85±0.47b20.89±0.56c
68二十一烷C21H44629-94-7210037.1626.32±0c2.86±0.07d10.62±0b15.82±0.02a
烷烃类(20种)
692-蒎烯C10H1680-56-897510.26994.61±0.01a21.21±0.09d53.97±0.74b35.42±1.33c
70莰烯C10H1679-92-595010.85942.82±0.01c59.11±0.11a44.14±0.8b34.57±0.80d
712-正戊基呋喃C9H14O3777-69-399015.004−114.94±0.75a40.89±0.31b7.86±0.12c
721-碘癸烷C10H21I2050-77-3147025.556.88±0.38c3.54±0.01d15.02±0.07b17.25±0.34a
732-甲氧基呋喃C5H6O225414-22-681026.26930.34±0.41c27.50±0d77.63±0.73b113.07±2.04a
742-(1,3-丁二烯基)-1,3,5-三甲基-苯C13H165732-00-3132029.355−−−4.93±0.11
751-丁基吡咯C8H13N589-33-3110030.7156.98±0.05b2.98±0.02d6.75±0.01c10.64±0.07a
762,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚C15H24O128-37-0145036.0656.87±0.08b3.77±0.01d6.20±0.01c8.09±0.15a
其他类(8种)
), ArticleFig(id=1320166173220647382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

OAV and flavor description of characteristic markers of aroma components in broken black tea from different geographical origins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物VIP值阈值(μg/kg)[31,33−34]OAV香气描述[13,33]
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
1芳樟醇3.076146.199.9548.8481.87甜花香
2亚麻酸2.3757.74123.435.591.67坚果香
3己酸2.24150−3.53−<1酸性气味
4己醛2.214.597.28201.69107.4578.99苹果香、青草香
5反式-橙花叔醇1.95257.169.3411.4716.89木香、果香
6(R)-(+)-柠檬烯1.67348.381.307.174.20柑橘香
7月桂烯1.58157.595.1114.498.73甜香
83,5-辛二烯-2-酮1.570.5249.97−254.90461.54甜香
9甲基庚烯酮1.42501.675.513.221.80青气
10β-罗勒烯1.2734−<11.75−青气、花香
11β-紫罗兰酮1.203.54.4613.3023.3532.35木香、花香
12顺式-4-庚烯醛1.194.2−35.68−−甜香
13反式-2-己烯醛1.143000<1<1<1<1果香、蔬菜香
142-甲氧基呋喃1.13301.01<12.593.77甜香
15苯甲醛1.133.5−9.3719.6810.07焦糖甜香、杏仁气味
16反式-4-癸烯醛1.07257.7410.108.836.65青果香
17苯甲醇1.07329.3770.8034.1328.65花香
182-正戊基呋喃1.054.8−23.958.521.64果香、青香
19β-环柠檬醛1.0255.496.6010.1218.07果香
20反式-2-庚醛1.01135.7813.585.737.74青草气
), ArticleFig(id=1320166173401002456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166153134125437, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同产地红碎茶的特征香气成分OAV及风味特征描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号化合物VIP值阈值(μg/kg)[31,33−34]OAV香气描述[13,33]
GXMYGZZSHBDRYMHY
1芳樟醇3.076146.199.9548.8481.87甜花香
2亚麻酸2.3757.74123.435.591.67坚果香
3己酸2.24150−3.53−<1酸性气味
4己醛2.214.597.28201.69107.4578.99苹果香、青草香
5反式-橙花叔醇1.95257.169.3411.4716.89木香、果香
6(R)-(+)-柠檬烯1.67348.381.307.174.20柑橘香
7月桂烯1.58157.595.1114.498.73甜香
83,5-辛二烯-2-酮1.570.5249.97−254.90461.54甜香
9甲基庚烯酮1.42501.675.513.221.80青气
10β-罗勒烯1.2734−<11.75−青气、花香
11β-紫罗兰酮1.203.54.4613.3023.3532.35木香、花香
12顺式-4-庚烯醛1.194.2−35.68−−甜香
13反式-2-己烯醛1.143000<1<1<1<1果香、蔬菜香
142-甲氧基呋喃1.13301.01<12.593.77甜香
15苯甲醛1.133.5−9.3719.6810.07焦糖甜香、杏仁气味
16反式-4-癸烯醛1.07257.7410.108.836.65青果香
17苯甲醇1.07329.3770.8034.1328.65花香
182-正戊基呋喃1.054.8−23.958.521.64果香、青香
19β-环柠檬醛1.0255.496.6010.1218.07果香
20反式-2-庚醛1.01135.7813.585.737.74青草气
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不同产地红碎茶风味品质成分差异分析
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杨晶晶 , 刘宝贵 , 王云仙 , 赵云雄 , 李金婷 , 高斯婷 , 覃仁源 , 冯红钰 *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(14): 344-356
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (14) : 344 -356
不同产地红碎茶风味品质成分差异分析
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杨晶晶 , 刘宝贵, 王云仙, 赵云雄, 李金婷, 高斯婷, 覃仁源, 冯红钰*
作者信息
  • 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左 532415
通讯作者:
冯红钰(1982−),女,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:茶叶加工及应用技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨晶晶(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:茶叶加工及应用技术,E-mail:

Analysis of Flavor and Quality Differences in Broken Black Tea from Different Geographical Origins
Jingjing YANG , Baogui LIU, Yunxian WANG, Yunxiong ZHAO, Jinting LI, Siting GAO, Renyuan QIN, Hongyu FENG*
Affiliations
  • Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo 532415, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060306
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为探究不同地区红碎茶风味品质特征,选取云南、广西、贵州、湖北4个地区的代表性红碎茶样品,采用感官评价、理化成分和香气物质检测,结合化学计量学法、滋味活度值(taste activity value,TAV)和香气活度值(odor activity value,OAV)分析不同产地红碎茶品质差异。结果表明:不同产地红碎茶滋味与风味品质有较大差异,云南茶样感官评分最高,湖北茶样咖啡碱(1.47%)和水浸出物(51.01%)含量最高,广西茶样茶多酚(17.28%)、儿茶素总量(10594.58 μg/g)和游离氨基酸总量(17913.09 μg/g)高于其他地区,咖啡碱、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯(catechin gallate,CG)、儿茶素(catechin,C)、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、茶氨酸(TAV>1)13个物质是茶汤滋味主要贡献物质;共鉴定出76种香气成分,贵州茶样香气成分含量(4898.50 μg/kg)最高,醇类和醛类是主要香气化合物,其中芳樟醇、己醛、反式-橙花叔醇、月桂烯、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮、苯甲醛、苯甲醇、β-环柠檬醛(OAV>10)9种成分是红碎茶甜香、花香的关键香气成分,芳樟醇和3,5-辛二烯-2-酮(OAV>100)分别是广西和云南茶样甜香、花香的重要贡献物质,顺式-4-庚烯醛是贵州茶样的特征性香气物质,综合湖北与云南两组茶样香气类型较为相似。本研究结果综合分析了不同产地红碎茶品质成分差异,进一步丰富了红碎茶风味品质特征的研究理论。

红碎茶  /  风味品质  /  滋味活度值  /  香气活度值  /  顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪

To investigate the flavor quality characteristics of broken black tea from different regions, representative samples from four regions, namely, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Hubei, were selected to analyze the quality differences of broken black tea from different origins employing sensory evaluation, chemical composition and aroma compound detection, combined with chemometric methodologies, taste activity value (TAV), and odor activity value (OAV). Results showed that significant disparities existed in the taste and flavor quality components of broken black tea across different regions. For instance, the Yunnan sample had the highest sensory evaluation scores, while the Hubei sample had the highest contents of caffeine (1.47%) and water extract levels (51.01%). The Guangxi sample exhibited elevated concentrations of tea polyphenols (17.28%), total catechins (10594.58 μg/g) and free amino acids (17913.09 μg/g) relative to other regions. Moreover, 13 substances-caffeine, epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (ECG), catechin gallate (CG), catechin (C), isoleucine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, theanine (TAV>1) -were identified as the main contributors to the taste substances. A total of 76 aroma components were identified across the samples, with alcohols and aldehydes emerging as the primary aroma constituents, while the Guizhou sample had the highest content of aroma components (4898.50 μg/kg). Notable contributors to the sweet and floral aroma of broken black tea included linalool, hexanal, trans-nerolidol, myrcene, 3,5-octadien-2-one, β-ionone, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, and β-cyclocitral, 9 components (OAV>10). The Guangxi and Yunnan samples derived their rich floral and sweet aroma from methyl linalool and 3,5-octadien-2-one (OAV>100), respectively. Characteristic aroma substances were also observed, with cis-4-heptenal distinguishing the Guizhou sample. Additionally, the combined aroma compositions of the two groups of broken black tea samples from Hubei and Yunnan were relatively similar. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of flavor and quality in broken black tea across different regions, which enhancing the understanding of its quality components.

broken black tea  /  flavor quality  /  taste activity value (TAV)  /  odor activity value (OAV)  /  headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS)
杨晶晶, 刘宝贵, 王云仙, 赵云雄, 李金婷, 高斯婷, 覃仁源, 冯红钰. 不同产地红碎茶风味品质成分差异分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 344 -356 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060306
Jingjing YANG, Baogui LIU, Yunxian WANG, Yunxiong ZHAO, Jinting LI, Siting GAO, Renyuan QIN, Hongyu FENG. Analysis of Flavor and Quality Differences in Broken Black Tea from Different Geographical Origins[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 344 -356 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060306
红茶属于全发酵茶,因香气高扬,滋味甜爽的独特品质特征,深受广大消费者的喜爱,是世界上消费区域最广的茶类[1],全球茶叶生产量和消费量均排在首位,据中国茶叶流通协会统计,2023年中国茶叶产量为355万吨,其中红茶产量49.1万吨,内销量37.9万吨,产销量仅次于绿茶。红茶可分为工夫红茶、小种红茶、红碎茶,生产红茶的地区较多,有福建、安徽、浙江、云南、海南等多个省份,大多数地区以生产工夫红茶为主,仅少部分地区生产红碎茶。
红碎茶是国际市场的大宗产品,我国从20世纪50年代开始试制生产,以具备优良品质特征和丰富生化成分的云南大叶种(Camellia sinensis var. assamica)为原料加工而成的压碎撕裂卷曲(crush,tear and curl,CTC)红碎茶颗粒紧结,香气馥郁,汤色红亮,滋味浓强鲜爽,但在加工技术、品质与价格上难以与斯里兰卡、肯尼亚、印度尼西亚等地相匹敌[2]。提升红碎茶品质的报道较多,如桂香红碎茶加工新技术研究[3]、高茶黄素大叶种红碎茶的研制[4]、不同贮青温度及方式对红碎茶品质的影响[5]、不同萎凋时间对CTC红碎茶品质的影响[6]、传统加工(orthodox,OTD)红碎茶与CTC红碎茶香气成分比较[7]等,但这些研究主要阐述加工过程对红碎茶品质的影响。红碎茶品质与茶树品种密切相关,邓少春等[8]对不同茶树新品种加工手工红碎茶品质进行比较,发现‘云抗12号’品质较优;李金龙等[9]用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定斯里兰卡红碎茶及滇红碎茶样品的香气成分;杨盛美等[10]对比云南省11个县茶树种质资源的红碎茶香气成分,得出香气地方风格与各地栽培的地方品种资源不同有关,然而这些品质差异研究对象主要是以云南区域不同茶树品种及产地,或与国外红碎茶样进行香气成分差异比较分析,且缺少结合滋味物质的对比分析,而对云南以外不同产地以种植云南大叶种为原料加工红碎茶品质之间的差异研究还鲜少,贵州等地的红碎茶品质分析还未见报道。
红碎茶滋味和香气在五项因子感官审评中各占比30%,是决定茶叶风味特征的重要因子。本研究以云南及广西、贵州、湖北4个代表性地区引种种植的云南大叶种茶树鲜叶为原料制备CTC红碎茶,采用感官评价、高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)、顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)探究不同产地红碎茶感官品质、理化成分、滋味物质、香气成分的影响,并结合化学计量学法、滋味活度值(taste activity value,TAV)、香气活度值(odor activity value,OAV)分析不同产地红碎茶品质差异,综合分析评价不同产地红碎茶滋味物质及关键香气成分与感官特征的差异性,为红碎茶品质控制提供理论依据。
红碎茶 以机采茶树鲜叶为原料,一芽3~5叶茶青进行红碎茶加工,制成CTC红碎茶,样品信息如表1所示;没食子儿茶素(gallocatechin,GC)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC)、儿茶素(catechin,C)、表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(gallocatechin gallate,GCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯(catechin gallate,CG)、咖啡碱标准品(纯度≥99%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;17种氨基酸标准品(纯度≥99.9%) 维百奥北京生物科技有限公司;C8~C40正构烷烃(色谱纯) 美国TMstandard公司;乙腈、甲醇 色谱纯,欧森巴克(天津)科技发展有限公司;正亮氨酸、三乙胺、正己烷、无水乙醇、冰醋酸、无水乙酸钠、盐酸 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;异硫氰酸苯酯(纯度≥99.9%) 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
Agilent1100高效液相色谱仪、7890A+5975C气相色谱-质谱联用仪、Compass C18(2)反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) 美国Agilent公司;Supelco萃取针(50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS) 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;固相微萃取SPME手柄 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司;Infinite M200 PRO多功能酶标仪 奥地利Tecan公司。
茶叶审评方法按照GB/T 23776-2018《茶叶感官审评方法》中的红碎茶审评法进行审评,由经验丰富的5名高级评茶员(2男3女)对茶样的外形、汤色、香气、滋味、叶底进行感官审评。
将红碎茶样品研磨后过60目筛,参照GB/T 8305-2013《茶 水浸出物测定》、GB/T 8314-2013《茶 游离氨基酸总量的测定》、GB/T 8312-2013《茶 咖啡碱测定》、GB/T 8313-2018《茶叶中茶多酚和儿茶素类含量的检测方法》,检测茶叶中的游离氨基酸、水浸出物、咖啡碱、茶多酚和儿茶素类的含量。氨基酸组分含量参照GB/T 30987-2020《植物中游离氨基酸的测定》中高效液相色谱法(第二法)测定:氨基酸分析柱为赛分Amethyst C18-H(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),检测波长为254 nm,柱温40 ℃、流速1 mL/min,进样体积10 μL,流动相A:称取7.6g无水乙酸钠,用925 mL纯净水溶解,后用冰醋酸调节pH至6.5,后加入70 mL乙腈,混匀,并用0.45 μm滤膜过滤;流动相B:80%乙腈。
TAV用来表示滋味物质对样品整体滋味的贡献程度,按照下式计算:
$ \mathrm{TAV}=\frac{{\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{x}}}{\mathrm{T}} $
式中:TX为滋味物质的含量(mg/g);T为滋味物质的阈值(mg/g)。
称取2.00 g茶粉放到顶空瓶中,参考邵淑贤等[11]方法并作一定调整,加入100 μg/mL正丁烷(C4H10)溶液10 μL作为内标物,在60 ℃恒温条件振荡5 min,使用Supelco萃取头(50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS),距离样品0.5 cm高度萃取,萃取温度60 ℃,萃取40 min。采样前萃取头在气相色谱进样口老化16 min,老化温度250 ℃。
GC条件:HP-5MS色谱柱(30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm);前进样口温度280 ℃;载气氦气(99.999%);流量3 mL/min;分流比为8:1;进样量1 μL;程序升温:起始温度50 ℃保持5 min,以5 ℃/min升温至210 ℃,保持3 min;再以10 ℃/min升温至250 ℃,保持3 min。
MS条件:安捷伦GC-MS气质联用仪7894A+5975C,传输线温度280 ℃,离子源温度230 ℃,四级杆温度150 ℃,电离模式EI,溶剂延迟时间2 min,电离电压−70 eV,全扫描模式,质量分析范围m/z 50~550。
GC-MS数据检测结果通过NIST14谱库进行检索比对,解析图谱后筛选匹配度大于80%的物质,根据挥发性成分的保留时间、基峰、质核比等对香气物质的化学结构和名称加以确认,将C8~C40正构烷烃单独进样,检测条件与样品检测条件一致,参考Yang等[12]的方法计算保留指数(retention index,RI),按公式(2)计算,结果与数据库中化合物的保留指数进行比对,结合相关文献和数据库对各香气成分进行定性,每种挥发性物质浓度根据内标物峰面积按式(3)计算[13];挥发性物质OAV值按公式(4)计算。
$ \text{RI}=\frac{100\times ({\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{x}}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{n}})}{{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{n}+1}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{n}}}+100\mathrm{n} $
式中:tx为待测物保留时间;tn为碳原子数是n的正构烷烃的保留时间;tn+1为碳原子是(n+1)的正构烷烃的保留时间。
$ \begin{split} &\mathrm{香气成分质量浓度}(\text{µ} \mathrm{g}/\text{kg})=\frac{\text{各成分峰面积}}{\text{内标物峰面积}}\times \\&\text{内标物质量浓度} \end{split}$
$ \mathrm{OAV}=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{x}}}{\text{OT}} $
式中:CX为香气物质的浓度($ \text{µ} \mathrm{g}/\text{kg} $);OT为香气物质在水中的阈值($ \text{µ} \mathrm{g}/\text{kg} $)。
实验结果取每个样品独立重复测定3次平行的平均值。采用SPSS Statistics 26.0中Duncan检验进行差异显著性分析(P<0.05),采用SIMCA 14.1、Origin 2025和TBtools等进行数据统计分析和绘图。
红碎茶感官审评结果见表2,不同产地红碎茶感官审评结果存在差异,GXMY与HBDR茶样的外形特征相近,GXMY外形颗粒较紧实、色润、较匀净,HBDR颗粒较紧实、色红润、尚匀净,GZZS外形匀整度表现较差,颗粒紧结带梗。香气因子表现上,YMHY与HBDR茶样均带有花香,GXMY与GZZS茶样仅呈现甜香。GZZS茶样汤色表现较差,呈较红亮,亮度低色泽暗,YMHY汤色红明亮,优于其他茶样。GXMY滋味浓强鲜爽,口感最佳;YMHY滋味浓强鲜爽但醇厚口感次之,这可能是由于YMHY茶树在高海拔地区多云雾,生长缓慢,茶树鲜叶中内含物质积累形成[14]。GXMY与HBDR叶底特征相近,红匀亮且柔软,YMHY叶底红匀明亮且匀整柔软。在四个茶样中,YMHY茶样得分最高,其次是GXMY,两个茶样综合得分均在90分以上,GZZS感官评分最低,这可能与原料嫩度有关,GZZS茶样梗多匀整度差,叶底略硬,或许说明嫩度是形成红碎茶差异的主要因素,已有报道证明茶鲜叶采摘时间相同但采摘嫩度不同加工制作的红茶外形、香气、汤色、滋味和叶底均具有明显差异[15]。
咖啡碱和儿茶素类是红茶的重要滋味物质,结果见表3,不同产地红碎茶在水浸出物、茶多酚及咖啡碱含量上均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。HBDR(51.01%)茶样的水浸出物含量最高,YMHY(49.14%)次之,其次是GXMY(46.37%)和GZZS(40.29%),这可能是HBDR茶样滋味更醇厚的原因之一。茶多酚是茶叶中含量最多的可溶性成分,也是最主要的呈味物质之一,表现为苦涩且具有收敛性,含量的高低决定着茶汤的苦涩程度,亦是主要的特征成分之一[16−17],就茶多酚而言,GXMY茶样中的茶多酚含量最高(17.28%),其次是HBDR(15.23%)、YMHY(14.12%)、GZZS(11.66%),这可能是GXMY茶样茶汤收敛性更强及苦涩原因。咖啡碱、茶碱是茶叶中的主要生物碱,具有较好的生理活性[18],刘湛军等[19]研究发现,加工工艺的处理对咖啡碱含量影响很小,其含量主要来源于原料自身,细嫩的新梢及叶片含量多,而茎秆、花、果中含量少。已有研究证实,当红茶咖啡碱含量高于0.2%,容易与儿茶素、茶黄素、茶红素等通过氢键和疏水作用结合形成茶乳凝复合物,使茶汤由清转浊,出现“冷后浑”[20],4组红碎茶样品咖啡碱含量均高于0.2%,含量从高到底依次为HBDR(1.47%)、GXMY(1.38%)、YMHY(1.23%)、GZZS(1.01%)。
表4显示,共检测出8种儿茶素物质,其中顺式儿茶素有4种:EGC、EGCG、EC、ECG;反式儿茶素有4种:GC、C、GCG、CG。茶多酚是多酚类物质的总称,以儿茶素为主,具有苦和涩双重滋味属性,是茶叶中主要的功能性成分[21−22],同时也是茶汤呈现涩味的重要物质之一。儿茶素含量与原料品种有关,另一方面在发酵过程中,由于酶促反应,儿茶素类不断转化为茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素[23],也是儿茶素总量低的原因。
已有研究表明,儿茶素的苦涩味主要由酯型儿茶素提供,酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素的比值是衡量茶汤滋味苦涩度和回甘性的主要参数[24−25],EGCG、GCG、ECG、CG为酯型儿茶素,不同的儿茶素单体有不同的苦涩味倾向,EGCG苦味强度高于涩味强度,ECG、EGC与EGCG表现相反,涩味更突出。GXMY的酯型儿茶素含量(8100.43 μg/g)最高,其次是YMHY(6879.09 μg/g),与GZZS(1134.66 μg/g)、HBDR(1168.81 μg/g)含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。不同地区间酯型儿茶素EGCG含量差异较大,GXMY含量(2642.10 μg/g)最高,约是HBDR(500.85 μg/g)的5倍;GCG含量中,GXMY含量(36.52 μg/g)最高,与GZZS含量(35.64 μg/g)无显著性差异(P>0.05),HBDR含量(15.81 μg/g)最低;GXMY中ECG含量(5225.57 μg/g)最高;HBDR中CG含量(355.80 μg/g)最高。综上,儿茶素总含量从高到低依次为GXMY(10594.58 μg/g)、YMHY(10483.07 μg/g)、HBDR(2713.07 μg/g)、GZZS(2099.45 μg/g),其中GXMY茶样中儿茶素总量显著高于HBDR和GZZS,含量接近于它们的3倍以上,这与感官审评在滋味方面GXMY茶样苦涩感、收敛性强于其他地区的结果一致。肖巧梅等[26]分别对红碎茶2号(39.87 mg/g)、红碎茶3号(96.93 mg/g)、红碎茶5号(27.36 mg/g)以及末茶(24.76 mg/g)的儿茶素总量进行测定,其中红碎茶3号儿茶素含量最高,远高于本研究4组茶样,这可能是原料嫩度差异造成的,前者所用原料为一芽二、三叶茶青,原料嫩度越高,叶片占比越高,儿茶素总量越高。石琳琳等[2]从鲜叶、萎凋、揉切、发酵、成品等红碎茶加工过程中发现,EC、EGCG、GCG、ECG等含量在不断降低。酯型儿茶素与非酯型儿茶素比值越高发酵程度越低,涩感越明显,GXMY组茶样最高,HBDR最低。
游离氨基酸是茶中的主要呈味物质之一,赋予茶叶甜香、蜜香的口感,红碎茶口感呈现醇厚饱满、浓强带鲜甜就是因为其中丰富的氨基酸。由表5可以看出,GXMY、GZZS、HBDR、YMHY4个茶样均检测出17种氨基酸组分,包含鲜味、甜味、苦味、无味4种类型,鲜味和甜味氨基酸可以削弱咖啡碱的苦味,提高茶汤滋味品质[27−28]。GXMY茶样中总氨基酸含量最高,为17913.09 μg/g,其次为HBDR(14698.43 μg/g)、YMHY(14113.33 μg/g)与GZZS(9473.79 μg/g),不同地区之间氨基酸含量上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。茶样中鲜味氨基酸含量>甜味氨基酸>苦味氨基酸>无味氨基酸,鲜味氨基酸含量最高,表现出较好的风味口感。在4种类型的氨基酸中,GXMY茶样中鲜味、甜味和无味氨基酸含量均明显较高,其中鲜味氨基酸占比最高达53.72%,甜味氨基酸占比26.13%,苦味氨基酸含量(2014.64 μg/g)较高,占比11.25%,与咖啡碱共同呈现苦味,这与审评滋味结果GXMY茶样苦味明显、收敛性强于其他地区,滋味浓强、醇厚一致。GZZS茶样总氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸均低于其他地区,与感官审评茶汤滋味较淡相符。
TAV是综合考虑滋味成分的含量和呈味阈值,避免仅以滋味成分含量反映其对滋味贡献的误区,通过计算TAV明确各组分对滋味属性的贡献。当TAV>1时,表示该物质对茶汤滋味品质有显著贡献,为关键风味成分,且TAV值越大,说明该物质成分对茶汤滋味贡献度越大。当0.1<TAV<1时,为修饰性风味成分;当TAV<0.1时,为潜在风味成分[29]。
由表6可知,有13种成分TAV>1,它们构成茶样滋味物质的关键成分,其中咖啡碱、EGC、EGCG、EC、ECG、CG、C、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸9个物质是茶汤苦涩味主要贡献物质;天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、茶氨酸为鲜味主要贡献成分;甜味氨基酸仅有丙氨酸TAV值介于4.66~6.74,是甜味主要贡献物质。修饰性成分有8种,其中GCG、组氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸是茶汤苦味的次要贡献物质;苏氨酸、丝氨酸是茶汤甜味的次要贡献物质。潜在成分有甘氨酸、脯氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸4种。GXMY和YMHY样品中关键滋味成分数量最多,为13种;其次是HBDR有11种;GZZS样品关键滋味成分数量最少,仅有9种,EC、天冬氨酸、异亮氨酸由GXMY和YMHY样品中的关键成分转而呈现为修饰性成分,而呈苦味有收敛感的C则呈现为潜在风味成分。YU等[30]认为,涩、苦、鲜、甜、酸为红茶滋味主要表现,其中涩味主要是由儿茶素等黄烷醇类呈现,苦味是由儿茶素、咖啡碱和少量苦味氨基酸呈现,甜味由可溶性糖和甜味氨基酸呈现,酸味对滋味品质有负面影响。咖啡碱TAV值大于100,且在4组茶样中均有较高表现,李家锋等[25]在云南芽孢茶、白茶和滇红中也发现咖啡碱的TAV值最高,与本研究结果一致;SCHARBERT等[31]通过滋味缺失实验发现,咖啡碱是含有苦味的嘌呤碱,能与涩味物质绿原酸形成络合物,降低茶汤的粗涩感,提高鲜爽度。EGCG在GXMY样品中TAV值表现水平显著高于其他三组,呈现更明显的苦味;GXMY和YMHY样品中ECG的TAV接近于GZZS、HBDR的17倍,涩味表现更明显,与感官审评结果一致。
不同产地的红碎茶通过GC-MS共鉴定出76种挥发性化合物,依据化合物官能团的不同分为8类,包括醇类8种、醛类10种、酸类3种、酮类13种、酯类4种、烯烃类10种、烷烃20种、其他8种,具体结果见表7。为直观地观察挥发性香气成分的化合物种类、数量及含量分布,绘制堆叠柱状图、Venn图和饼图。
由图1a、图1b可知,不同产地红碎茶中香气成分的种类和含量有较大差异,其中GXMY样品64种、GZZS样品66种、HBDR和YMHY样品均为71种,各组间香气成分含量差异显著(P<0.05),香气质量浓度从高到低依次为GZZS(4898.50 μg/kg)、HBDR(4808.40 μg/kg)、YMHY(4649.86 μg/kg)、GXMY(4569.40 μg/kg)。由图1c可以看出,4组共有香气成分55种,占比80.07%~90.63%,GXMY分别与GZZS、HBDR和YMHY茶样共有2种、8种和7种,GZZS组与HBDR组和YMHY组分别共有8种和7种,HBDR和YMHY茶样共有14种。2个香气成分仅在GZZS样品检出,1个香气成分仅在YMHY样品检出。
每类挥发性香气成分含量占比结果如图2所示,醇类和醛类在4种红碎茶中含量较高,醇类在GXMY和YMHY样品占主导地位,比例最高,醛类在GZZS和HBDR样品中比例含量最高,醇类物质主要呈现花果香特征[32],这与林冬纯等[5]对不同贮青处理英红九号红碎茶挥发性成分测定结果一致。检测出的醇类化合物,除3-氨基苯甲醇外,其余7个均为共有组分,其中苯甲醇、芳樟醇、反式-橙花叔醇的含量较高,占比80%以上,芳樟醇主要表现为甜花香,在GXMY茶样中的含量为877.11 μg/kg,显著高于其他三组,在醇类化合物中占比67.59%,其次是YMHY(491.21 μg/kg)。苯甲醇有花香味,GZZS(212.41 μg/kg)中的含量最高,YMHY(85.96 μg/kg)中的含量最低;反式-橙花叔醇主要呈现为果香、木质香,在YMHY(422.20 μg/kg)中含量最高;酮类化合物一般带有甜香和花果香,HBDR和YMHY茶样各检出13种酮类化合物,含量为688.13、761.08 μg/kg;其次是GZZS茶样12种,含量为669.71 μg/kg;最少的是GXMY茶样11种。欧晓西等[33]发现梅占红茶花香浓郁带甜香,芳樟醇、香叶醇、苯乙醇等是梅占不同茶类香气差异的关键化合物,周汉琛等[34]得出嫩叶、嫩茎、单芽和一芽二叶加工的祁门红茶,香气类型均为甜香型,WANG等[35]研究得出红茶以甜香、花香为主要基调,本研究结果与之一致,而王艳燕等[36]对变温发酵滇红工夫红茶进行检测,发现杂环类化合物和萜类物质含量较高,其次是酯类、醛类、醇类,这可能与挥发性成分的测定条件不同或茶树品质与加工工艺有关。除醇类和醛类外,GXMY、HBDR和YMHY茶样中烷烃类含量较高,而GZZS茶样中酸类物质较高,烷烃类香气较弱或基本没有香气,对香气直接贡献率很小,但对香气的构造起着间接的重要作用。酯类物质在各组中占比较少,均在2%以内,多呈水果清香,如水杨酸甲酯呈现独特药草味,酯类物质主要来源于脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢及醇类物质酯化反应生成[37]。酸类在除GZZS茶样以外的其他三组均占比较少,棕榈酸本身没有任何的香气,但能降解生成壬醛、庚醛等香气物质[38]。烯烃类化合物在GXMY(659.89 μg/kg)和HBDR(710.13 μg/kg)中含量较高,月桂烯和(R)-(+)-柠檬烯是4种红碎茶的主要烯烃类成分,其中GXMY的(R)-(+)-柠檬烯含量为285.03 μg/kg,显著高于其他三组;HBDR的月桂烯含量较高,为217.31 μg/kg。
OPLS-DA是一种监督的多元判别分析统计方法,可以有效筛选关键标志性差异物质。为进一步分析不同产地红碎茶之间的香气差异物质,以76种香气物质为因变量,4个不同产地为自变量,通过OPLS-DA,自变量拟合指数R2x为0.998,因变量拟合指数R2y为0.995,模型预测指数Q2为0.995,R2和Q2均超过0.5且接近1,模型拟合较好。经200次置换检验,如图3c所示,Q2回归线与纵轴相交小于零,模型不存在过度拟合情况,验证有效,该结果可用于这4个不同产地红碎茶挥发性香气成分的差异分析。
如图3a所示,通过OPLS-DA,4个产地的红碎茶能有效区分,说明不同产地红碎茶的挥发性香气成分差异明显,HBDR和YMHY两组茶样差异较小,这两个地区的红碎茶香气特征较为相似;GXMY和GZZS两组茶样差异较大,香气特征差异明显。
变量投影重要度(variable importance for the projection,VIP)可反映OPLS-DA模型中挥发性香气成分对整体风味的贡献程度,VIP≥1认为对整体风味有重要贡献,即VIP越高的化合物对样品越重要[39]。基于OPLS-DA模型,根据VIP>1且P<0.05的筛选条件,进行重要挥发性香气成分筛选。如图4所示,共筛选出20种香气差异物质,醇类3种(苯甲醇、反式-橙花叔醇、芳樟醇)、醛类7种(β-环柠檬醛、苯甲醛、反式-2-庚醛、反式-2-己烯醛、反式-4-癸烯醛、己醛、顺式-4-庚烯醛)、酸类2种(己酸、亚麻酸)、酮类3种(3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮、甲基庚烯酮)、烯烃类3种(β-罗勒烯、(R)-(+)-柠檬烯、月桂烯)、其他类2种(2-甲氧基呋喃、2-正戊基呋喃)。
香气成分对整体风味的贡献主要取决于其含量和阈值[40],可由OAV进行表征。一般认为OAV≥1,该香气成分对茶叶整体香气贡献较大;OAV>10,该香气成分对茶叶整体香气贡献极大,且被确定为重要香气成分;0.1≤OAV<1,说明该香气成分对茶叶整体风味具有修饰作用。根据查阅相关文献及书籍报道的香气成分阈值及香气类型描述,计算4个产地红碎茶样品差异香气成分OAV值,结果如表8所示,共有19种香气成分OAV>1,其中GXMY茶样14种、GZZS茶样16种、HBDR茶样17种、YMHY茶样筛选出16种,认为这些差异香气成分可能对判别不同产地的红碎茶香气特征具有重要作用。
各组特征香气成分种类数量不同,但OAV较高的香气成分基本一致,进一步筛选OAV>10的挥发性香气成分,都主要以芳樟醇、己醛、反式-橙花叔醇、月桂烯、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮、苯甲醛、苯甲醇、β-环柠檬醛等为主,认为这些香气物质可能是红碎茶的关键香气成分构成香气成分的主体,共同组成红碎茶的香气基调,主要呈现甜香、花香、木香和青草气味,与杨盛美等[10]的研究结果一致。反式-2-己烯醛为修饰性香气物质。芳樟醇(OAV>100)是GXMY的重要香气物质,具有甜花香的芳樟醇对GXMY的贡献度高于其他地区的红碎茶,与其他物质相结合共同构成GXMY甜花香的品质特征。具有坚果香的亚麻酸和苹果香、青草香的己醛(OAV>100)对GZZS的贡献高于其他三组,是GZZS重要赋香物质,青草气味较明显可能与红碎茶加工原料为一芽4~5叶,粗老叶与茎秆发酵不完全有关;具有甜香的顺式-4-庚烯醛(OAV>10)仅在GZZS检出,是构成甜香的重要香气物质。呈现甜香的3,5-辛二烯-2-酮(OAV>100)在GZZS茶样中未检出,而在其他三组中均有较高表现,特别在YMHY茶样贡献度最高,葛晓杰等[41]证实该物质是甜香型红茶的关键因子,呈香显著。具有花香的苯甲醇在GZZS茶样中贡献度显著高于其他地区,是重要呈香物质。具有木香、花香属性的β-紫罗兰酮(OAV>10)在GZZS、HBDR和YMHY均是重要的呈香物质;除此之外,GZZS茶样中亚麻酸、反式-4-癸烯醛、2-正戊基呋喃、反式-2-庚醛,HBDR茶样中月桂烯、苯甲醛、β-环柠檬醛等OAV值大于10,可见这些挥发性香气成分为各组样品特征香气的重要成分,不同产地的红碎茶香气特征不同,可能与红碎茶样的特征性香气成分密切相关,茶树生长环境、气候等差异,造成茶叶中香气物质含量和比例存在差异,形成风格各异的红碎茶。综上,具有甜香、花香特征的香气物质在4个产地红碎茶中均表现出较高强度,整体呈现甜香、花香为主,果香、青香、木香为辅,HBDR与YMHY两组茶样香气类型较为相似。
本研究通过感官审评、HPLC、HS-SPME-GC-MS等方法,分析GXMY、GZZS、HBDR和YMHY 4个红碎茶的感官特性、滋味物质和香气成分差异。结果表明,YMHY茶样感官评分最高,GXMY茶多酚含量、儿茶素总含量、游离氨基酸总量最高,与感官审评滋味苦涩感、收敛性强于其他地区对应;HBDR水浸出物和咖啡碱含量高于其他地区;而GZZS水浸出物、茶多酚、咖啡碱含量与儿茶素总含量和游离氨基酸总量均最低,滋味较淡薄。通过TAV分析发现,GXMY和YMHY茶样关键滋味成分种类数量最多,咖啡碱、EGC、EGCG、EC、ECG、CG、C、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸9个物质是茶汤苦涩味主要贡献物质;天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、茶氨酸为鲜味主要贡献成分;丙氨酸是甜味的主要贡献物质。咖啡碱(TAV>100)是含有苦味的嘌呤碱,在四组茶样中均有较高表现,能与涩味物质绿原酸形成络合物,降低茶汤的粗涩感,提高鲜爽度。从综合感官评价和滋味物质化学成分含量来看,红碎茶滋味浓强鲜爽,苦涩味重与茶多酚、咖啡碱和苦味氨基酸及酯型儿茶素含量较高相吻合。通过OPLS-DA模型,根据VIP>1,从已鉴定的76种香气物质筛选出20种差异香气物质,结合OAV分析,筛选出19种特征香气成分(OAV>1),其中GXMY茶样14种、HBDR茶样17种、GZZS和YMHY茶样各16种,但OAV较高的香气成分基本一致,主要以芳樟醇、己醛、反式-橙花叔醇、月桂烯、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、β-紫罗兰酮、苯甲醛、苯甲醇、β-环柠檬醛9种物质为主,认为这些香气物质可能是红碎茶的关键香气成分构成香气成分的主体,共同组成红碎茶的香气基调,反式-2-己烯醛为修饰性香气物质,HBDR与YMHY两组茶样香气类型较为相似。芳樟醇(OAV>100)是GXMY的重要香气物质,具有甜花香的芳樟醇对GXMY的贡献度高于其他地区的红碎茶,与其他物质相结合共同构成GXMY甜花香的品质特征。具有坚果香的亚麻酸和苹果香、青草香的己醛(OAV>100)对GZZS的贡献高于其他组,是GZZS茶样重要赋香物质。具有甜香的顺式-4-庚烯醛(OAV>10)仅在GZZS茶样检出,是构成甜香的重要香气物质;3,5-辛二烯-2-酮(OAV>100)在GZZS茶样中未检出,而在其他三组中均有较高表现,尤其在YMHY茶样贡献度最高。总体而言,红碎茶以甜香、花香、果香物质为主。本研究为不同地区红碎茶滋味、香气成分及品质差异分析提供了一定的化学基础,通过TAV和OAV分析筛选主要滋味及香气成分,但未明确物质间的协同效应或掩盖效应,还需从多角度深入探究物质的呈味机理,后期继续丰富不同等级、品种、季节等样品,以更全面科学的分析红碎茶特征。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060306
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
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    广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左 532415

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冯红钰(1982−),女,本科,高级农艺师,研究方向:茶叶加工及应用技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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