Article(id=1320881812503646944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060303, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852364897, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852364897, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852364897, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852364897, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=252, endPage=259, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881812713362145, articleId=1320881812503646944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Polysaccharide Clarification Process for Pomegranate Juice and Its Impact on Key Flavor Compounds, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study took pomegranate juice as the experimental subject and conducted single-factor and orthogonal experiments using chitosan, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, and sodium alginate, with the aim of determining the optimal clarification process for pomegranate juice. Meanwhile, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology was employed to analyze the volatile compounds in naturally clarified pomegranate juice and pomegranate juice treated with composite clarifying agents. In terms of evaluating clarification effects, the transmittance of pomegranate juice was used as an indicator to compare the clarification effects of the five clarifying agents. Through orthogonal optimization experiments, the optimal clarification process conditions for pomegranate juice were ultimately determined: A compound ratio of 0.1 g/L chitosan to 0.1 g/L sodium alginate at 1:1.5, a flocculation temperature of 30 ℃, and a calcium chloride addition amount of 0.05 g/L, achieving a transmittance of 82.357%. Additionally, the GC-MS results revealed that after treatment with the composite clarifying agent group, the relative content of ethyl acetate significantly increased, enhancing the fruity aroma. The relative content of 4-terpineol increased by 61.49%, adding woody, citrus, and floral notes. The relative content of 2-ethylhexanol increased by 34.79%, contributing sweet and fruity aromas. The relative content of nonanal rose by 54.75%. Nonanal possessed a fresh citrus peel aroma, which helped retain a mild aldehyde flavor and stabilized the overall flavor profile. Moreover, the composite clarifying agent group reduced the relative contents of ethanol, (+)-α-terpineol, n-hexanal, trans,trans-2,4-nonadienal, and other substances that might produce undesirable flavors, thereby decreasing the pungent odor and rancid oil smell in pomegranate juice and further improving its overall flavor. This study systematically explores the impact of processing techniques on the quality of pomegranate juice, and its research findings can provide a theoretical basis for improving the sensory and nutritional quality of pomegranate juice products.

, authors=Tianshuo FENG1, Yang LI1, Jing YU1, Junran CHEN1, Yunfeng HU1, Liwu HU2, Haoran XING1, *, authorsList=Tianshuo FENG, Yang LI, Jing YU, Junran CHEN, Yunfeng HU, Liwu HU, Haoran XING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haoran XING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881814223311600, articleId=1320881812503646944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=多糖澄清石榴汁工艺优化及其对关键风味物质的影响, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以石榴汁为试验对象,分别考察壳聚糖、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、海藻酸钠浓度进行单因素及正交试验,旨在确定石榴汁的最佳澄清工艺。同时,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对自然澄清和复合澄清剂处理后的石榴汁进行了挥发性物质分析。在澄清效果评估方面,以石榴汁的透光率为指标,对比了五种澄清剂的澄清效果。通过正交优化试验,最终确定了石榴汁的最佳澄清工艺条件:0.1 g/L壳聚糖与0.1 g/L海藻酸钠复配比为1:1.5、絮凝温度为30 ℃,氯化钙添加量为0.05 g/L,透光率为82.357%。GC-MS结果显示,经最佳复合澄清组处理后,乙酸乙酯相对含量显著提升,增强了果香;4-萜烯醇相对含量增加61.49%,增添了木质香及柑橘、花香;2-乙基己醇相对含量增加34.79%,增添了甜香与果香;正壬醛相对含量上升54.75%,其具有清新柑橘皮的香气,有助于保留温和的醛类风味,稳定整体风味体系。同时,复合澄清组降低了乙醇、(+)-α-松油醇、正己醛、反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛等可能产生不良风味物质的相对含量,减少了石榴汁中的刺鼻气味和油脂氧化味,进一步改善了石榴汁的整体风味。本研究通过系统探究加工工艺对石榴汁品质的影响,其研究成果可为提升石榴汁产品的感官与营养品质提供理论依据。

, authors=冯天硕1, 李杨1, 余静1, 陈君然1, 胡云峰1, 胡立武2, 邢皓然1, *, authorsList=冯天硕, 李杨, 余静, 陈君然, 胡云峰, 胡立武, 邢皓然, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邢皓然, authorNote=

冯天硕(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
邢皓然(1991−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:风味化学,E-mail:。
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注:不同字母表示同一浓度下不同澄清剂数据差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=vgAH9Ds8i2Q2EZ4hwcKjbA==, figureFileBig=iYIp+3JeXJNT9qUbauW7SQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881820682539814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of the compounding ratio of composite clarifying agent (A), pH (B), flocculation temperature (C), and calcium chloride addition amount (D) on the transmittance of pomegranate juice, figureFileSmall=RLSRt7luwuX19+2rVsFDTg==, figureFileBig=E8jNxqroNqV8jReYelG3OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881820779008807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=图2, caption=复合澄清剂复配比(A)、pH(B)、絮凝温度(C)、氯化钙添加量(D)对石榴汁透光率的影响效果, figureFileSmall=RLSRt7luwuX19+2rVsFDTg==, figureFileBig=E8jNxqroNqV8jReYelG3OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881820867089192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Circular chart of the composition of volatile substance categories, figureFileSmall=YB2WVeXjJmRxvr7SHXOrYg==, figureFileBig=NGa2q3zMqdhAZyV5E8hTgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881820938392361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=图3, caption=挥发性物质类别组成环形图, figureFileSmall=YB2WVeXjJmRxvr7SHXOrYg==, figureFileBig=NGa2q3zMqdhAZyV5E8hTgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821018084138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Heatmap of clustering analysis for volatile substances in naturally clarified and compositely clarified samples, figureFileSmall=o70k8Dj1N/PKRwOOW4JwUA==, figureFileBig=y4QLRK73uW5D/h+fg1PweQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821085193003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=图4, caption=自然澄清和复合澄清挥发性物质聚类热图, figureFileSmall=o70k8Dj1N/PKRwOOW4JwUA==, figureFileBig=y4QLRK73uW5D/h+fg1PweQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821139718956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=PCA of volatile components in clarified pomegranate juice, figureFileSmall=F6P1YADy2nUQA5nhkQsZxw==, figureFileBig=MQXfWh4g0KPbYjL08mmz5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821227799341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=图5, caption=澄清处理石榴汁挥发性成分PCA, figureFileSmall=F6P1YADy2nUQA5nhkQsZxw==, figureFileBig=MQXfWh4g0KPbYjL08mmz5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821294908206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=OPLS-DA score plot (A) and permutation test plot (B) for volatile substances in clarified pomegranate juice, figureFileSmall=Mq3kq1nCGHS/6F3iWmFX3Q==, figureFileBig=qvi7sN6XN5/PijljzXGIYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821362017071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=图6, caption=澄清处理石榴汁挥发性物质OPLS-DA得分图(A)和置换检验图(B), figureFileSmall=Mq3kq1nCGHS/6F3iWmFX3Q==, figureFileBig=qvi7sN6XN5/PijljzXGIYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821429125936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=VIP distribution plot based on OPLS-DA model analysis, figureFileSmall=6dXrZ+/o3bbvmFWnB79BMg==, figureFileBig=0HjR76LCrD+Pl7EaBLobCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821496234801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于OPLS-DA模型分析的VIP分布图, figureFileSmall=6dXrZ+/o3bbvmFWnB79BMg==, figureFileBig=0HjR76LCrD+Pl7EaBLobCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881821571732274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor level table for orthogonal experimental design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比B絮凝温度(℃)C氯化钙添加量 (g/L)
11:0.5200.05
21:1250.10
31:1.5300.15
), ArticleFig(id=1320881821659812659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验设计因素水平表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比B絮凝温度(℃)C氯化钙添加量 (g/L)
11:0.5200.05
21:1250.10
31:1.5300.15
), ArticleFig(id=1320881821735310132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results and analysis of orthogonal experiment

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项目ABC透光率(%)
111166.328
212258.210
313362.326
421274.302
522376.325
623177.803
731382.604
832181.409
933283.239
均值k162.29074.41075.180
均值k276.14271.98371.916
均值k382.41674.45673.753
R(极差)20.1262.4733.264
), ArticleFig(id=1320881821831779125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交试验结果与分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ABC透光率(%)
111166.328
212258.210
313362.326
421274.302
522376.325
623177.803
731382.604
832181.409
933283.239
均值k162.29074.41075.180
均值k276.14271.98371.916
均值k382.41674.45673.753
R(极差)20.1262.4733.264
), ArticleFig(id=1320881821919859510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Determination of flavor components in pomegranate juice clarified by natural clarification and composite clarifying agents

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类别化学名称分子式保留时间
(min)
峰面积百分比(%)
自然澄清复合澄清
酯类醋酸异丙烯酯C5H8O22.121.032±0.032−
乙酸甲酯C3H6O22.200.565±0.011−
乙酸乙酯C4H8O22.655.276±0.0817.442±0.526
乙酸丁酯C6H12O25.700.243±0.0361.060±0.068
己酸乙酯C8H16O210.06−0.293±0.014
甲酸庚酯C8H16O217.16−0.634±0.051
酸类冰醋酸C2H4O217.397.402±0.0628.871±0.635
2-甲基丁酸C5H10O223.701.565±0.0151.553±0.124
正戊酸C5H10O225.560.560±0.0770.694±0.091
正己酸C6H12O228.401.562±0.0252.153±0.126
醇类乙醇C2H6O3.1914.569±0.12912.119±0.703
正丁醇C4H10O7.920.435±0.0760.744±0.019
异丁醇C4H10O9.570.618±0.019−
正戊醇C5H12O10.843.259±0.16812.331±0.789
正己醇C6H14O13.993.602±0.0514.373±0.217
叶醇C6H12O14.93−0.290±0.036
3-己烯-1-醇C6H12O14.950.272±0.015−
1-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O17.030.991±0.0151.191±0.028
2-乙基己醇C8H18O18.237.855±0.03810.588±0.659
2-庚烯醇C7H16O18.86−0.578±0.008
4-萜烯醇C10H18O21.421.088±0.0451.757±0.049
2-辛烯-1-醇C8H16O21.930.440±0.0710.736±0.042
α-二氢松油醇C10H20O22.540.602±0.002−
1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)环己醇C10H20O22.56−0.568±0.140
(+)-α-松油醇C10H18O24.175.421±0.0513.323±0.519
十一醇C11H24O31.600.417±0.0570.983±0.143
醛类乙醛C2H4O1.681.196±0.117−
2-甲基丁醛C5H10O2.920.507±0.0630.288±0.109
异戊醛C5H10O2.980.542±0.0160.428±0.167
正戊醛C5H10O3.854.092±0.0613.529±0.855
正己醛C6H12O5.8922.249±0.11910.347±2.142
正庚醛C7H14O8.590.859±0.0350.637±0.011
正辛醛C8H16O11.810.699±0.1430.710±0.386
(Z)-2-庚烯醛C7H12O12.950.916±0.064−
正壬醛C9H18O15.132.380±0.0063.683±0.707
E-2-辛烯醛C8H14O16.240.512±0.0160.749±0.445
癸醛C10H20O18.380.909±0.0680.862±0.269
苯甲醛C7H6O19.100.913±0.0631.300±0.145
2,5-二羟基苯甲醛C7H6O319.810.769±0.0470.711±0.062
对甲基苯甲醛C8H8O21.85−0.283±0.014
反,反-2,4-壬
二烯醛
C9H14O23.221.032±0.0200.754±0.271
2,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O27.203.188±0.033−
酮类丙酮CH3COCH32.12−0.940±0.153
甲乙酮C4H8O2.79−0.921±0.313
甲基庚烯酮C8H14O13.410.979±0.0450.862±0.181
苯乙酮C8H8O22.78−0.719±0.240
萜烯类β-蒎烯C10H167.710.486±0.165−
), ArticleFig(id=1320881822024717111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881812503646944, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

自然澄清和复合澄清剂澄清石榴汁风味成分测定

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类别化学名称分子式保留时间
(min)
峰面积百分比(%)
自然澄清复合澄清
酯类醋酸异丙烯酯C5H8O22.121.032±0.032−
乙酸甲酯C3H6O22.200.565±0.011−
乙酸乙酯C4H8O22.655.276±0.0817.442±0.526
乙酸丁酯C6H12O25.700.243±0.0361.060±0.068
己酸乙酯C8H16O210.06−0.293±0.014
甲酸庚酯C8H16O217.16−0.634±0.051
酸类冰醋酸C2H4O217.397.402±0.0628.871±0.635
2-甲基丁酸C5H10O223.701.565±0.0151.553±0.124
正戊酸C5H10O225.560.560±0.0770.694±0.091
正己酸C6H12O228.401.562±0.0252.153±0.126
醇类乙醇C2H6O3.1914.569±0.12912.119±0.703
正丁醇C4H10O7.920.435±0.0760.744±0.019
异丁醇C4H10O9.570.618±0.019−
正戊醇C5H12O10.843.259±0.16812.331±0.789
正己醇C6H14O13.993.602±0.0514.373±0.217
叶醇C6H12O14.93−0.290±0.036
3-己烯-1-醇C6H12O14.950.272±0.015−
1-辛烯-3-醇C8H16O17.030.991±0.0151.191±0.028
2-乙基己醇C8H18O18.237.855±0.03810.588±0.659
2-庚烯醇C7H16O18.86−0.578±0.008
4-萜烯醇C10H18O21.421.088±0.0451.757±0.049
2-辛烯-1-醇C8H16O21.930.440±0.0710.736±0.042
α-二氢松油醇C10H20O22.540.602±0.002−
1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)环己醇C10H20O22.56−0.568±0.140
(+)-α-松油醇C10H18O24.175.421±0.0513.323±0.519
十一醇C11H24O31.600.417±0.0570.983±0.143
醛类乙醛C2H4O1.681.196±0.117−
2-甲基丁醛C5H10O2.920.507±0.0630.288±0.109
异戊醛C5H10O2.980.542±0.0160.428±0.167
正戊醛C5H10O3.854.092±0.0613.529±0.855
正己醛C6H12O5.8922.249±0.11910.347±2.142
正庚醛C7H14O8.590.859±0.0350.637±0.011
正辛醛C8H16O11.810.699±0.1430.710±0.386
(Z)-2-庚烯醛C7H12O12.950.916±0.064−
正壬醛C9H18O15.132.380±0.0063.683±0.707
E-2-辛烯醛C8H14O16.240.512±0.0160.749±0.445
癸醛C10H20O18.380.909±0.0680.862±0.269
苯甲醛C7H6O19.100.913±0.0631.300±0.145
2,5-二羟基苯甲醛C7H6O319.810.769±0.0470.711±0.062
对甲基苯甲醛C8H8O21.85−0.283±0.014
反,反-2,4-壬
二烯醛
C9H14O23.221.032±0.0200.754±0.271
2,4-二甲基苯甲醛C9H10O27.203.188±0.033−
酮类丙酮CH3COCH32.12−0.940±0.153
甲乙酮C4H8O2.79−0.921±0.313
甲基庚烯酮C8H14O13.410.979±0.0450.862±0.181
苯乙酮C8H8O22.78−0.719±0.240
萜烯类β-蒎烯C10H167.710.486±0.165−
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多糖澄清石榴汁工艺优化及其对关键风味物质的影响
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冯天硕 1 , 李杨 1 , 余静 1 , 陈君然 1 , 胡云峰 1 , 胡立武 2 , 邢皓然 1, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(16): 252-259
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (16) : 252 -259
多糖澄清石榴汁工艺优化及其对关键风味物质的影响
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冯天硕1 , 李杨1, 余静1, 陈君然1, 胡云峰1, 胡立武2, 邢皓然1, *
作者信息
  • 1天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
  • 2新疆优产农业科技发展有限公司,新疆和田 848300
通讯作者:
邢皓然(1991−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:风味化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

冯天硕(2003−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:

Optimization of Polysaccharide Clarification Process for Pomegranate Juice and Its Impact on Key Flavor Compounds
Tianshuo FENG1 , Yang LI1, Jing YU1, Junran CHEN1, Yunfeng HU1, Liwu HU2, Haoran XING1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 2Xinjiang Youchan Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.,Hotan 848300, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060303
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本研究以石榴汁为试验对象,分别考察壳聚糖、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、海藻酸钠浓度进行单因素及正交试验,旨在确定石榴汁的最佳澄清工艺。同时,利用气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对自然澄清和复合澄清剂处理后的石榴汁进行了挥发性物质分析。在澄清效果评估方面,以石榴汁的透光率为指标,对比了五种澄清剂的澄清效果。通过正交优化试验,最终确定了石榴汁的最佳澄清工艺条件:0.1 g/L壳聚糖与0.1 g/L海藻酸钠复配比为1:1.5、絮凝温度为30 ℃,氯化钙添加量为0.05 g/L,透光率为82.357%。GC-MS结果显示,经最佳复合澄清组处理后,乙酸乙酯相对含量显著提升,增强了果香;4-萜烯醇相对含量增加61.49%,增添了木质香及柑橘、花香;2-乙基己醇相对含量增加34.79%,增添了甜香与果香;正壬醛相对含量上升54.75%,其具有清新柑橘皮的香气,有助于保留温和的醛类风味,稳定整体风味体系。同时,复合澄清组降低了乙醇、(+)-α-松油醇、正己醛、反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛等可能产生不良风味物质的相对含量,减少了石榴汁中的刺鼻气味和油脂氧化味,进一步改善了石榴汁的整体风味。本研究通过系统探究加工工艺对石榴汁品质的影响,其研究成果可为提升石榴汁产品的感官与营养品质提供理论依据。

石榴汁  /  透光率  /  澄清工艺  /  气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)  /  挥发性物质

This study took pomegranate juice as the experimental subject and conducted single-factor and orthogonal experiments using chitosan, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, and sodium alginate, with the aim of determining the optimal clarification process for pomegranate juice. Meanwhile, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology was employed to analyze the volatile compounds in naturally clarified pomegranate juice and pomegranate juice treated with composite clarifying agents. In terms of evaluating clarification effects, the transmittance of pomegranate juice was used as an indicator to compare the clarification effects of the five clarifying agents. Through orthogonal optimization experiments, the optimal clarification process conditions for pomegranate juice were ultimately determined: A compound ratio of 0.1 g/L chitosan to 0.1 g/L sodium alginate at 1:1.5, a flocculation temperature of 30 ℃, and a calcium chloride addition amount of 0.05 g/L, achieving a transmittance of 82.357%. Additionally, the GC-MS results revealed that after treatment with the composite clarifying agent group, the relative content of ethyl acetate significantly increased, enhancing the fruity aroma. The relative content of 4-terpineol increased by 61.49%, adding woody, citrus, and floral notes. The relative content of 2-ethylhexanol increased by 34.79%, contributing sweet and fruity aromas. The relative content of nonanal rose by 54.75%. Nonanal possessed a fresh citrus peel aroma, which helped retain a mild aldehyde flavor and stabilized the overall flavor profile. Moreover, the composite clarifying agent group reduced the relative contents of ethanol, (+)-α-terpineol, n-hexanal, trans,trans-2,4-nonadienal, and other substances that might produce undesirable flavors, thereby decreasing the pungent odor and rancid oil smell in pomegranate juice and further improving its overall flavor. This study systematically explores the impact of processing techniques on the quality of pomegranate juice, and its research findings can provide a theoretical basis for improving the sensory and nutritional quality of pomegranate juice products.

pomegranate juice  /  transmittance  /  clarification process  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)  /  volatile compounds
冯天硕, 李杨, 余静, 陈君然, 胡云峰, 胡立武, 邢皓然. 多糖澄清石榴汁工艺优化及其对关键风味物质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 252 -259 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060303
Tianshuo FENG, Yang LI, Jing YU, Junran CHEN, Yunfeng HU, Liwu HU, Haoran XING. Optimization of Polysaccharide Clarification Process for Pomegranate Juice and Its Impact on Key Flavor Compounds[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 252 -259 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060303
石榴(Punica granatum L.)是属于安石榴科的植物,主要生长在温暖气候下,广泛分布于亚热带地区,其果实为圆形,外皮呈红色或黄色,内含多颗籽粒[1]。石榴富含维生素C、酚类、黄酮、花色苷等多种生物活性物质,具有抗氧化和预防癌症等多种保健功能[2−3]。石榴属于呼吸跃变型果实,采后易失水、品质劣变且易染病害,贮藏保鲜难度大、成本高,因此需工业化加工成稳定易流通的果汁等产品,以最大限度保留其生物活性物质,满足健康需求。但在加工、储存、运输和销售过程中,易出现分层、浑浊等问题,这些现象会影响果汁的稳定性和品质[4]。
为了提高果汁的感官质量,通常采用膜技术,包括微滤、纳滤、反渗透等方法[5−7]。但这些技术会增加经济投入,同时膜过滤还会造成膜污染[8]。比较经济、可以迅速提高果汁澄清度的方法还有澄清剂法,主要有蛋白类、多糖类以及吸附类三大类的澄清剂[9−15]。其中,多糖类澄清剂的应用优势更为明显,多糖类澄清剂依靠其分子结构中的多糖链,与溶液中的悬浮颗粒、胶体颗粒及溶解性杂质发生高效的交互作用,如:黄原胶、壳聚糖等[16−18]。Erkan等[19]对比分析了3种蛋白类澄清剂(白蛋白、酪蛋白、明胶)和两种多糖澄清剂(壳聚糖和黄原胶)对石榴汁的影响,结果显示,多糖澄清剂能够使石榴汁中抗氧化活性增强,总酚、花色苷和水解单宁含量保留较好。Taştan等[20]优化了壳聚糖在苹果汁澄清过程中的应用效果,通过实验得出最佳处理方案:壳聚糖使用量为1.916 mg/mL,操作温度控制在20 ℃,反应时间设定为30 min,结果表明,苹果汁的浑浊度大幅下降,与传统澄清方法相比,澄清度有了显著提升。Lachowicz等[21]研究了壳聚糖、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素等多糖类澄清剂对苦莓汁的影响。结果表明,苦莓汁浊度降低,高抗氧化活性增强,并且多酚含量保留较好。
此外,挥发性化合物的构成和浓度对石榴汁的品质起着至关重要的作用。在果汁的品质评价体系中,挥发性风味成分作为香气特征的核心载体,不仅是决定其感官品质的关键要素,更直接关联着消费者的接受度与市场偏好。石榴果实富含酯类、醛类、醇类等挥发性成分,并且这些成分与萜烯、含硫化合物等相互协同,共同构建出石榴独特的风味谱系[22]。本研究以石榴汁为研究对象,探究多糖澄清剂在石榴汁澄清中的应用。通过单因素和正交优化试验,筛选出最佳的澄清剂和工艺条件,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对澄清后的石榴汁挥发性物质进行测定,旨在改善石榴汁风味,提高石榴汁的品质。
石榴 新疆和田地区策勒县策勒乡的‘策勒酸’石榴,储存在−18 ℃冰箱中备用;黄原胶、壳聚糖、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶、海藻酸钠、氯化钙(食品级,纯度均为98%) 天津市赛玛特食品添加剂公司。
PL203/01电子分析天平 梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司;BC/BD-319HB卧式冷藏冷冻转换柜 青岛海尔特种电冰柜有限公司;DK-98-1电热恒温水浴锅 天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;KT300探针型温度计 潮州保德仪器具有限公司;TU-1810紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司;JS06D(019-A5)榨汁机 浙江绍兴苏泊尔生活电器有限公司;ISQ7000气相色谱-质谱联用仪 Thermo Fisher公司。
将冷冻石榴放置室温解冻后,使用榨汁机处理,经多层纱布过滤制得纯石榴汁。
取壳聚糖、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶和海藻酸钠各1 g,制成1%(w/v)的澄清剂溶液,壳聚糖需溶解于1%乙酸溶液中,黄原胶需在50 ℃水浴中加热搅拌至溶解。
将石榴原汁在室温下静置8 h,以4500 r/min离心15 min,取上清液得自然澄清果汁,此为对照组。参照陈虹吉[23]的方法并稍作修改,将5种澄清剂分别设定为0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 g/L五个梯度,向石榴原汁中分别加入1.2.2配制的澄清剂溶液达到设置的澄清剂浓度,室温下静置8 h,以4500 r/min离心15 min,测定透光率以分析澄清剂对果汁的澄清作用。
参照陈虹吉[23]的方法。透光率的测定采用分光光度法,取适量样品于比色皿中,以蒸馏水为参比溶液,在720 nm处测定石榴果汁的透光率,用T(%)表示。
探究不同壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比、pH、絮凝温度和氯化钙添加量四个因素对石榴透光率的影响。
取20 mL石榴汁,在pH为3.5、絮凝温度25 ℃、氯化钙添加量0.5 g/L条件下,按1:0.5、1:1、1:1.5、1:2、1.5:1比例复配0.1 g/L壳聚糖和0.1 g/L海藻酸钠,混匀后静置4 h,在720 nm处测定透光率。
取20 mL石榴汁,在壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比1:1.5、絮凝温度25 ℃、氯化钙添加量0.5 g/L条件下,将pH分别调节为3.0、3.3、3.5、3.7、4.0,混匀后静置4 h,在720 nm处测定透光率。
取20 mL石榴汁,在壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比1:1.5、pH为3.5、氯化钙添加量0.5 g/L条件下,按照4、25、35、40 ℃的温度加入絮凝剂,混匀后静置4 h,在720 nm处测定透光率。
取20 mL石榴汁,在壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比1:1.5、pH为3.5、絮凝温度25 ℃条件下,分别加入0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5 g/L氯化钙,混匀后静置4 h,在720 nm处测定透光率。
在单因素实验基础上,以透光率为指标,以壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比(A)、 絮凝温度(B)、氯化钙添加量(C)为自变量,设计三因素三水平的正交试验(表1)。
顶空固相微萃取:分别取自然澄清和复合澄清的石榴汁各10 g,置于20 mL顶空瓶内,并添加2.00 g氯化钠和1 cm磁力搅拌转子。在40 ℃水浴中,以720 r/min的速度平衡20 min后,将纤维萃取头(插入顶空瓶进行提取,确保距离液面1~2 cm。采用40 ℃恒温萃取40 min后,立即将萃取头置入GC-MS进样口,解析7 min,同步开启GC-MS完成分离、鉴定及数据获取。
GC-MS分析参数设定:GC-MS参照Lu等[24]的方法并稍作修改,TG-5SILMS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),以高纯度氦气作为载气,流速控制为1.3 mL/min。进样口加热至250 ℃,采用分段升温模式:初始温度40 ℃维持3 min,随后以每分钟10 ℃的速率升至250 ℃,并保持5 min,总分析时长为50 min。采用320 ℃离子源温度,70 eV电离电压,EI离子源模式,接口设定280 ℃,全扫描方式(SCAN),并利用NIST与Wiley谱库进行检索。
定性和定量分析:采用NIST和Wiley质谱库检索进行初步定性,选择匹配度大于80%的鉴定结果。采用峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性风味化合物的相对百分含量。待测组分的相对含量以其峰面积占所有鉴定化合物总峰面积的百分比表示。
所有实验处理重复3次,结果以平均数±标准差表示。采用Duncan法检验显著性差异;图形绘制使用R软件(v4.3.1)完成,通过SIMCA14.1进行正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA),用以评估预测变量的显著性。
透光率一般用于表征果汁的澄清效果。在该实验中,采用不同浓度(0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 g/L)的5种澄清剂,分析其对石榴汁透光率的影响。如图1所示,原汁和自然澄清获得的石榴汁透光率为40.27%和56.08%。在各类澄清剂中,壳聚糖与海藻酸钠在低浓度条件下即表现出优异的澄清效果,透光率较高;而瓜尔豆胶与黄原胶在高浓度时透光率显著下降,刺槐豆胶则整体变化不大。综合来看,壳聚糖与海藻酸钠的澄清效果更为理想。
具体来看,海藻酸钠澄清剂在浓度为0.1 g/L时达到最佳透光率78.34%,此后随浓度上升效果逐渐减弱。瓜尔豆胶澄清剂在浓度为1.0 g/L时获得最大的透光率70.31%。刺槐豆胶澄清剂在浓度为0.5 g/L时获得最大的透光率75.19%。黄原胶澄清剂则是在最低浓度0.1 g/L时,石榴汁获得最大的透光率75.58%,随着黄原胶浓度的增加澄清效果逐渐降低,当浓度高于1.0 g/L时,黄原胶不再发挥澄清剂的作用,反而会使石榴汁溶液变得浓稠。壳聚糖澄清剂在浓度在0.1 g/L时,获得最大的透光率76.43%。
综合实验结果可知,在所测试的5类多糖澄清剂的最佳浓度中,0.1 g/L壳聚糖与0.1 g/L海藻酸钠对石榴汁的澄清效果最佳。基于此,在单因素实验中,将0.1 g/L壳聚糖与0.1 g/L海藻酸钠按1:1的比例进行复配,并以石榴汁的pH、絮凝温度及氯化钙添加量作为变量,开展复合澄清工艺的优化实验。
如图2所示,随着海藻酸钠的增加,石榴汁的透光率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,这可能是由于壳聚糖与海藻酸钠之间发生架桥效应[25],通过架桥絮凝和电荷中和作用去除石榴汁中的蛋白质等杂质,但壳聚糖不足会影响桥接效果,而海藻酸钠过量则可能形成胶体网络,抑制杂质沉降[26],因此当澄清剂复配比为1:1时,石榴汁的透光率达到最大值81.09%;当pH为3.3时透光率最高,为75.7%,但在不同pH条件下,透光率的变化相对平稳且无显著性差异(P<0.05),因此可将pH视为非关键因素;随着温度的升高,透光率也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,这可能归因于温度的升高增加了粒子碰撞频率促进聚集,然而,随着温度过高会引发还原糖和氨基酸之间的非酶褐变反应,降低透光率,同时也可导致壳聚糖老化失活,影响其絮凝效果,使絮凝物沉降过快,未能充分捕获悬浮物质,导致澄清度下降[27],因此在絮凝温度为25 ℃的条件下,透光率最高为79.79%;随着氯化钙添加量的增加,透光率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,当氯化钙添加量为0.1 g/L时,透光率最高为80.56%。
在上述单因素实验结果的基础上,以壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比(A)、絮凝温度(B)和氯化钙添加量(C)为影响因素,以透光率为评价指标,进行三因素三水平的正交试验,结果见表2,由R值来判断,各因素对透光率的影响从高到低依次为:壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比>氯化钙添加量>絮凝温度。因此可知,在A3B3C1的组合下,澄清后的石榴汁透光率最高,其中壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复配比为1:1.5、絮凝温度为30 ℃,氯化钙添加量为0.05 g/L。如表2所示,经重复实验验证,在最优工艺条件下澄清石榴汁,石榴汁的透光率可达到82.357%。
石榴汁中的香气物质种类较多、成分较为复杂,通过GC-MS对挥发性物质测定,对自然澄清(对照组)和复合澄清剂澄清石榴汁挥发性成分进行分析。研究结果显示,两组不同澄清石榴汁的主要风味物质占比最大的均为酯类、醇类、醛类。虽然复合澄清剂组在处理过程中会使一些微小的风味成分发生改变,但复合澄清剂组能显著维持石榴汁的主要风味特性。
如表3和图3所示,醛类、酯类和醇类等构成了策勒酸石榴汁独特风味的关键来源[28]。当石榴汁自然澄清时,一方面,己醛(峰面积百分比为22.249%)和壬醛(峰面积百分比为2.380%)为石榴汁赋予了“青草味”的特征,但过量时则可能产生异味[29]。另一方面,乙酸乙酯(峰面积百分比为5.276%)为石榴汁贡献了果香[28]。4-萜烯醇(峰面积百分比为1.088%)等醇类也进一步增强了石榴汁风味的复杂性[28]。
而当石榴汁经过复合澄清剂组处理后,壬醛的峰面积百分比有所上升,增至3.683%,增幅达54.75%;这一变化有助于减少石榴汁的刺激性青草味,同时保留温和的醛类风味。此外,复合澄清剂组还显著提升了乙酸乙酯的峰面积百分比,从5.276%升至7.442%,增幅达41.05%,为石榴汁增强了果味香。对于醇类而言,复合澄清剂组使4-萜烯醇和2-乙基己醇的峰面积百分比分别增加了61.49%和34.79%,进一步稳定了风味。同时,复合澄清组也降低了一些风味物质的峰面积百分比。原本在石榴汁中,乙醇、(+)-α-松油醇、正己醛、反,反-2,4-壬二烯醛峰面积百分比较高,这些物质可能会产生刺鼻气味和油脂氧化味等不良风味[30]。经复合澄清处理后,这些物质的峰面积百分比降低,有效减少了石榴汁中的刺鼻气味和油脂氧化味等,进一步改善了整体风味。
基于挥发性物质组成比例分析,可以从整体上评估石榴汁中的主要挥发性物质的分布情况。在自然澄清和复合澄清剂石榴汁样品中共检测到47种挥发性成分,其中,醇类和醛类含量最多,都为16种,且都占34%;酯类化合物6种,占12.8%;酮类和酸类各有4种,各占8.5%;萜烯类化合物只有1种,仅占2.1%。
通过聚类热图分析了不同澄清处理下石榴汁样品挥发性物质累积水平的差异,结果如图4所示。复合澄清石榴汁中的乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和甲酸庚酯等酯类物质和4-萜烯醇、正己醇、2-乙基己醇等醇类物质相对含量高于自然澄清样品,这可能产生更有利的风味属性,例如乙酸乙酯具有果味香,4-萜烯醇和2-乙基己醇能进一步稳定风味。同时,它可以通过减少萜烯类和部分醛类、醇类来增强石榴汁的香气,例如,复合澄清剂处理的石榴汁降低了乙醇、(+)-α-松油醇、正己醛等可能会产生不良风味的物质,减少石榴汁中的刺鼻气味。总之本研究采用复合澄清技术,可优化石榴汁风味,提升果汁的整体香气。
PCA是一种统计方法,用于描述样本之间的差异并确定影响样本空间分布的关键变量[31]。样品的香气越接近,它们的信号距离越重叠或接近。相反,差值越大,信号距离越远[32]。如图5所示,自然澄清和复合澄清处理的样品在空间上相对独立,有明显区分度。且PC1和PC2的累计贡献率为93.6%,远大于可信值60%以上,所以PC1和PC2主成分足以反映石榴汁样品香气特征信息。
通过建立OPLS-DA模型并计算VIP值,对石榴汁香气的主要贡献成分进行了筛选[28],结果如图6、图7所示。OPLS-DA是一种分析方法,它通过可视化数据并利用变量之间的相关性,来量化样本之间的差异程度[33]。如图6A所示,不同澄清处理的石榴汁样本点明显分离,且OPLS-DA模型的R2X和R2Y值分别为0.807和0.141,表明具有较强的解释和预测能力。接着对模型进行了200次交叉替换测试,如图6B所示,R2(0.288)和Q2(−1.37)均小于保留值1.0,这也表明模型相关性较好,准确度很高,可用于对澄清剂处理石榴汁挥发性物质的分析鉴定。VIP>1的挥发物被认为是主要的挥发性成分[34]。如图7所示,VIP值超过1.0的挥发物共有10种,分别是正己醛、正戊醇、2,4-二甲基苯甲醛、(+)-α-松油醇、2-乙基己醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醛、乙醇、正壬醛和醋酸异丙烯酯,表明这10种物质可以作为有效指标来区分自然澄清和复合澄清剂处理的石榴汁。
本研究采用多糖类澄清剂对石榴汁进行澄清处理,探究其风味改善作用。以澄清度为指标优化工艺。通过单因素与正交试验,确定最优工艺参数为壳聚糖与海藻酸钠复配比1:1.5、絮凝温度30 ℃、氯化钙添加量0.05 g/L。在风味改善方面,复合澄清剂处理显著丰富了酯类、醛类和醇类物质的组成,增强了果味、木质香、甜香和花香等风味特征,其中乙酸乙酯、4-萜烯醇、2-乙基己醇和正壬醛相对含量分别上升41.05%、61.49%、34.79%和54.75%。同时,该方法有效降低了乙醇和(+)-α-松油醇等不良风味物质的相对含量,减弱了刺鼻气味与油脂氧化味,整体风味更饱满协调。结果表明,复合澄清处理在改善石榴汁风味方面具有显著优势。

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2026年第47卷第16期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060303
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
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    1天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津 300457
    2新疆优产农业科技发展有限公司,新疆和田 848300

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邢皓然(1991−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:风味化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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