Article(id=1320881276710662591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320881182762447607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060266, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750608000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852237155, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1786723200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852237155, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852237155, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852237155, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320881182762447607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='16', pageStart='1', pageEnd='537', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786723200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852214756, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852214756, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=346, endPage=356, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320881276911989184, articleId=1320881276710662591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Regional Differences in Protein Amino Acids and Nutritional Value Evaluation of Ningxia Lycium barbarum L., columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we collected Lycium barbarum L. from different areas in Ningxia and determined the contents of 17 protein amino acids. Based on the amino acid pattern recommended by FAO/WHO, we comprehensively evaluated the nutritional value of protein amino acids and regional differences using indicators, such as amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), amino acid ratio coefficient (RC), and amino acid score of ratio coefficient (SRC), combined with correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses. The results revealed that Ningxia Lycium barbarum L. contained seven, nine, and five kinds of essential, medicinal, and flavor amino acids (EAA, MAA, and FAA), respectively. The total amino acid (TAA) and EAA contents ranged from 7.500 to 9.490 and 1.545 to 2.276 g/100 g, respectively. The EAA/TAA and essential-to-non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) ratios were between 19.38%~26.11% and 24.03%~35.34%, respectively. Both the EAA/TAA and EAA/NTAA values were lower than the ideal protein reference values (i.e., 40 % and 60 %, respectively) given by the FAO. The total medicinal amino acid (TMAA) content ranged from 4.314 to 5.886 g/100 g, accounting for 56.59%~62.40% of the TAA, indicating high medicinal value. The total FAA content ranged from 1.557 to 2.341 g/100 g, accounting for 19.53%~26.04% of the TAA. We observed no significant differences (P>0.05) in the TAA, EAA, NEAA, MAA, and FAA contents among the different Ningxia producing areas, except for the significantly different TAA content between Tongxin and both Zhongwei and Guyuan. However, we detected significant differences (P<0.05) in the EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA ratios as well as in the total TMAA and FAA contents. The key amino acids we identified were Gly, Asp, Glu, Met, Thr, Val, Phe, Leu, Ile, and Lys, and the combination of cysteine and methionine (Cys+Met) was the first limitation. The AAS, CS, and SRC values ranged ranged from 58.2 to 102.8, from 66.5 to 98.6, and from 71.1 to 84.9, respectively. L. barbarum L. from Zhongwei, Guyuan, Yinchuan, Haiyuan, and Zhongning regions exhibited superior comprehensive amino acid quality, with SRC evaluation results indicating a more balanced composition closer to the FAO/WHO-recommended pattern. Cluster analysis categorized the Lycium barbarum L. from Ningxia producing areas into four distinct groups: Qingtongxia and Tongxin; Yueyahu, Helan, and Hongsibao; Haiyuan and Zhongning; Guyuan, Yinchuan, and Zhongwei. The experimental results effectively reflect the regional differences in protein amino acids and the nutritional value of Ningxia Lycium barbarum L., providing a valuable reference for deep processing.

, authors=Chunxia YANG, authorsList=Chunxia YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320881279592149451, articleId=1320881276710662591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值评价, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采集宁夏产区枸杞并测定17种蛋白氨基酸含量。在FAO/WHO推荐的氨基酸模式基础上,以氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、氨基酸比值系数(RC)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为指标,结合相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析综合评价蛋白氨基酸营养价值及产地差异。结果表明:宁夏枸杞含7种必需氨基酸(EAA)、9种药用氨基酸(MAA)、5种呈味氨基酸。总氨基酸(TAA)含量在7.500~9.490 g/100 g之间,EAA含量在1.545~2.276 g/100 g之间,EAA/TAA含量在19.38%~26.11%之间,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)含量在24.03%~35.34%之间,EAA/TAA和EAA/NTAA低于FAO提出的理想蛋白质值40%和60%;TMAA含量在4.314~5.886 g/100 g之间,占氨基酸总量的56.59%~62.40%,药用价值高;呈味氨基酸含量在1.557~2.341 g/100 g之间,占氨基酸总量的19.53%~26.04%。除同心与中卫、固原枸杞的TAA含量有显著性差异外,其他产区间TAA、EAA、NEAA、MAA、呈味氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA、药用氨基酸总含量(TMAA)及呈味氨基酸总含量呈显著差异性(P<0.05)。宁夏枸杞关键氨基酸为Gly、Asp、Glu、Met、Thr、Val、Phe、Leu、Ile、Lys,胱氨酸+蛋氨酸(Cys+Met)为第一限制氨基酸。AAS在58.2~102.8,CS在66.5~98.6,SRC在71.1~84.9,以中卫、固原、银川、海原、中宁地区的枸杞氨基酸综合品质较佳,SRC评价结果相对均衡,更接近于FAO/WHO推荐模式。聚类分析显示宁夏产区枸杞以青铜峡和同心,月牙湖、贺兰和红寺堡,海原与中宁,固原、银川和中卫聚为四类。试验结果可较好地体现宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值,为枸杞深加工提供参考价值。

, authors=杨春霞, authorsList=杨春霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

杨春霞(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与营养,E-mail:

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杨春霞(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与营养,E-mail:

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杨春霞(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与营养,E-mail:

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Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 1988, 10(2): 187−190., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320881773085569104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱教胜, 胡杨, 罗欣, 等. 四个产地枸杞中16种氨基酸含量分析及营养价值评价[J]. 中南农业科技, 2025, 46(2): 53−58. [ZHU Jiaosheng, HU Yang, LUO Xin, et al. Content analysis and nutritional value evaluation of 16 amino acids in Lycium barbarum from four producing areas[J]. 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South-Central Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 46(2): 53−58., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320881758762021846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881758770410455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, companyId=1320881758762021846, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Quality Standards and Testing Institute of Agricultural Technology, Yinchuan 750002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320881758782993368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, companyId=1320881758762021846, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,宁夏银川 750002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320881759844152294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of medicinal amino acid content of Lycium barbarum L., figureFileSmall=6sj64l37sLDaEhH2WE0lZg==, figureFileBig=l2oUrDt1N9L5LavpDb8zdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881759907066855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=图1, caption=枸杞中药用氨基酸含量比较, figureFileSmall=6sj64l37sLDaEhH2WE0lZg==, figureFileBig=l2oUrDt1N9L5LavpDb8zdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760007730152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison of flavor amino acids in Lycium barbarum L., figureFileSmall=04gl9MvtQCz7yaWlTbgE7A==, figureFileBig=U4kcVe7nAqartP8xC5tiuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760095810537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=图2, caption=枸杞中呈味氨基酸含量比较, figureFileSmall=04gl9MvtQCz7yaWlTbgE7A==, figureFileBig=U4kcVe7nAqartP8xC5tiuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760162919402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Amino acid correlation analysis, figureFileSmall=5WTJutu4amBFL5Qgpn6s7A==, figureFileBig=qDiuYY7Bn5PKBHHqsODQSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760238416875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氨基酸相关性分析, figureFileSmall=5WTJutu4amBFL5Qgpn6s7A==, figureFileBig=qDiuYY7Bn5PKBHHqsODQSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760313914348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Factor load diagram of principal component, figureFileSmall=WTKi20yMzB1mUIoOdxo1XA==, figureFileBig=oGvYIsyBuBIIMbcR5ETVIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760414577645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=图4, caption=主成分因子荷载图, figureFileSmall=WTKi20yMzB1mUIoOdxo1XA==, figureFileBig=oGvYIsyBuBIIMbcR5ETVIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760485880814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Dendrogram from cluster analysis of Lycium barbarum L. in different planting areas in Ningxia, figureFileSmall=JUwwpqZ454Xv1VdeaEiCRA==, figureFileBig=vplk52/OKQNIdfsob9uYag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881760552989679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=图5, caption=宁夏产区枸杞聚类分析图, figureFileSmall=JUwwpqZ454Xv1VdeaEiCRA==, figureFileBig=vplk52/OKQNIdfsob9uYag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320881762255877104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区编号样本编号采样地址数量
青铜峡AA1、A2青铜峡市峡口镇黄羊
坡村
2
月牙湖BB1、B2月牙湖宝丰农场东北角2
红寺堡CC1、C2、C3红寺堡大河乡麻黄沟村百瑞源基地3
海 原DD1、D2、D3海原县三河镇四营村金红园枸杞合作社3
贺 兰EE1、E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9、E10、E11贺兰百瑞源枸杞种植
基地
11
银 川FF1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6、F7、F8银川园林场、南梁枸杞种植基地8
中 宁GG1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7、G8、G9、G10、G11、G12、G13、G14、G15、G16、G17、G18、G19、G20、G21、G22、G23中宁核心产区23
中 卫HH1、H2、H3中卫沙坡头区兴仁镇郝集村3
同 心II1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6、I7、I8同心县菊花台庄园、同心润德枸杞基地、同心县下马关镇南村8
固 原JJ1、J2、J3、J4、J5、J6、J7、J8、J9、J10、J11、J12固原市原州区三营镇甘沟村正杞红枸杞基地12
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762348151793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区编号样本编号采样地址数量
青铜峡AA1、A2青铜峡市峡口镇黄羊
坡村
2
月牙湖BB1、B2月牙湖宝丰农场东北角2
红寺堡CC1、C2、C3红寺堡大河乡麻黄沟村百瑞源基地3
海 原DD1、D2、D3海原县三河镇四营村金红园枸杞合作社3
贺 兰EE1、E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9、E10、E11贺兰百瑞源枸杞种植
基地
11
银 川FF1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6、F7、F8银川园林场、南梁枸杞种植基地8
中 宁GG1、G2、G3、G4、G5、G6、G7、G8、G9、G10、G11、G12、G13、G14、G15、G16、G17、G18、G19、G20、G21、G22、G23中宁核心产区23
中 卫HH1、H2、H3中卫沙坡头区兴仁镇郝集村3
同 心II1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6、I7、I8同心县菊花台庄园、同心润德枸杞基地、同心县下马关镇南村8
固 原JJ1、J2、J3、J4、J5、J6、J7、J8、J9、J10、J11、J12固原市原州区三营镇甘沟村正杞红枸杞基地12
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762440426482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid content of Lycium barbarum L. from the Ningxia production area (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原
必需氨基酸
EAA
Thr0.279±0.018a0.367±0.007cd0.327±0.079abc0.369±0.023cd0.273±0.024a0.303±0.037ab0.353±0.036bc0.415±0.018d0.326±0.058abc0.387±0.037cd
Val0.252±0.0092a0.328±0.054bc0.319±0.052ab0.388±0.040c0.256±0.022a0.302±0.045ab0.337±0.045bc0.388±0.040c0.305±0.050ab0.342±0.047bc
Phe0.284±0.126bc0.244±0.017abc0.253±0.063abc0.298±0.020bc0.209±0.025a0.241±0.048abc0.270±0.040abc0.311±0.022c0.235±0.048ab0.291±0.052bc
Met0.0456±0.022a0.0500±0.007a0.0497±0.010a0.0568±0.007a0.0666±0.006a0.0945±0.031b0.0554±0.023a0.0552±0.004a0.0451±0.012a0.0580±0.012a
Ile0.176±0.039a0.241±0.018abcd0.242±0.059abcd0.289±0.012cd0.209±0.022ab0.245±0.046bcd0.251±0.052bcd0.296±0.017d0.226±0.045abc0.278±0.038cd
Leu0.333±0.046a0.430±0.028bcd0.429±0.076bcd0.490±0.025cd0.377±0.037ab0.432±0.076bcd0.462±0.050bcd0.514±0.065d0.400±0.073abc0.480±0.061cd
Lys0.176±0.050a0.237±0.021ab0.228±0.062ab0.311±0.028c0.235±0.040ab0.255±0.036bc0.260±0.046bc0.296±0.014bc0.232±0.053ab0.306±0.043c
非必需氨基酸
NEAA
Asp1.652±0.084cd1.584±0.282cd1.194±0.283ab1.281±0.095abc1.548±0.286bcd1.357±0.176abcd1.526±0.239bcd1.630±0.266cd1.154±0.242a1.661±0.189d
Ser0.357±0.027a0.494±0.021cde0.426±0.090abc0.459±0.026bcd0.354±0.031a0.388±0.041ab0.478±0.052cde0.534±0.039de0.426±0.081abc0.556±0.056e
Glu1.417±0.076ab1.415±0.070ab1.254±0.311a1.501±0.112abc1.401±0.164ab1.771±0.515bc1.586±0.245abc1.557±0.219abc1.228±0.213a1.941±0.449c
Gly0.213±0.042a0.280±0.025abcd0.282±0.061abcd0.338±0.021cd0.246±0.028ab0.284±0.061abcd0.300±0.042bcd0.347±0.025d0.266±0.053abc0.329±0.054cd
Ala0.547±0.034a0.589±0.089a0.555±0.037a0.489±0.060a0.595±0.082a0.553±0.048a0.624±0.107a0.607±0.015a0.499±0.095a0.630±0.101a
Cys0.099±0.007ab0.106±0.011ab0.109±0.014abc0.115±0.007abc0.112±0.013abc0.136±0.027c0.113±0.021abc0.124±0.009bc0.091±0.012a0.115±0.015abc
Tyr0.147±0.022a0.153±0.014ab0.152±0.050ab0.170±0.019ab0.166±0.019ab0.194±0.034ab0.172±0.039ab0.203±0.011b0.152±0.035ab0.182±0.026ab
His0.368±0.069a0.310±0.012a0.308±0.047a0.360±0.016a0.380±0.047a0.481±0.097b0.349±0.055a0.394±0.062a0.306±0.046a0.331±0.037a
Arg0.512±0.019a0.574±0.066ab0.597±0.126ab0.708±0.066bc0.570±0.066ab0.630±0.092ab0.639±0.089ab0.817±0.118c0.602±0.125ab0.636±0.089ab
Pro1.117±0.134ab1.337±0.251b1.119±0.156ab0.807±0.095a1.028±0.141ab0.837±0.136a0.960±0.195a1.001±0.141ab1.006±0.209ab0.907±0.380a
TAA(g/100 g)7.974±0.026a8.736±0.312ab7.844±1.251a8.429±0.459ab8.027±0.837a8.502±1.134ab8.734±0.828ab9.490±0.757b7.500±1.172a9.433±0.681b
EAA(g/100 g)1.545±0.003a1.895±0.123abcde1.848±0.393abcd2.201±0.116de1.626±0.165ab1.827±0.314abcd1.989±0.244bcde2.276±0.174e1.768±0.324abc2.143±0.269cde
NEAA(g/100 g)6.429±0.029ab6.841±0.435ab5.997±0.858a6.228±0.347ab6.400±0.699ab6.631±0.911ab6.745±0.673ab7.214±0.583b5.731±0.884a7.290±0.735b
EAA/TAA(%)19.38±0.097a21.69±2.19abc23.56±1.18bcd26.11±0.352d20.26±1.06ab22.02±2.18abc22.77±1.92bc23.98±0.147cd23.57±1.63bcd22.72±3.35bc
EAA/NEAA(%)24.03±0.149a27.70±3.57abc30.82±2.04bcd35.34±0.644d25.41±1.07ab28.23±3.49abc29.49±3.14bc31.55±0.255cd30.85±2.79bcd29.40±5.37bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762528506867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

宁夏产区枸杞中氨基酸含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原
必需氨基酸
EAA
Thr0.279±0.018a0.367±0.007cd0.327±0.079abc0.369±0.023cd0.273±0.024a0.303±0.037ab0.353±0.036bc0.415±0.018d0.326±0.058abc0.387±0.037cd
Val0.252±0.0092a0.328±0.054bc0.319±0.052ab0.388±0.040c0.256±0.022a0.302±0.045ab0.337±0.045bc0.388±0.040c0.305±0.050ab0.342±0.047bc
Phe0.284±0.126bc0.244±0.017abc0.253±0.063abc0.298±0.020bc0.209±0.025a0.241±0.048abc0.270±0.040abc0.311±0.022c0.235±0.048ab0.291±0.052bc
Met0.0456±0.022a0.0500±0.007a0.0497±0.010a0.0568±0.007a0.0666±0.006a0.0945±0.031b0.0554±0.023a0.0552±0.004a0.0451±0.012a0.0580±0.012a
Ile0.176±0.039a0.241±0.018abcd0.242±0.059abcd0.289±0.012cd0.209±0.022ab0.245±0.046bcd0.251±0.052bcd0.296±0.017d0.226±0.045abc0.278±0.038cd
Leu0.333±0.046a0.430±0.028bcd0.429±0.076bcd0.490±0.025cd0.377±0.037ab0.432±0.076bcd0.462±0.050bcd0.514±0.065d0.400±0.073abc0.480±0.061cd
Lys0.176±0.050a0.237±0.021ab0.228±0.062ab0.311±0.028c0.235±0.040ab0.255±0.036bc0.260±0.046bc0.296±0.014bc0.232±0.053ab0.306±0.043c
非必需氨基酸
NEAA
Asp1.652±0.084cd1.584±0.282cd1.194±0.283ab1.281±0.095abc1.548±0.286bcd1.357±0.176abcd1.526±0.239bcd1.630±0.266cd1.154±0.242a1.661±0.189d
Ser0.357±0.027a0.494±0.021cde0.426±0.090abc0.459±0.026bcd0.354±0.031a0.388±0.041ab0.478±0.052cde0.534±0.039de0.426±0.081abc0.556±0.056e
Glu1.417±0.076ab1.415±0.070ab1.254±0.311a1.501±0.112abc1.401±0.164ab1.771±0.515bc1.586±0.245abc1.557±0.219abc1.228±0.213a1.941±0.449c
Gly0.213±0.042a0.280±0.025abcd0.282±0.061abcd0.338±0.021cd0.246±0.028ab0.284±0.061abcd0.300±0.042bcd0.347±0.025d0.266±0.053abc0.329±0.054cd
Ala0.547±0.034a0.589±0.089a0.555±0.037a0.489±0.060a0.595±0.082a0.553±0.048a0.624±0.107a0.607±0.015a0.499±0.095a0.630±0.101a
Cys0.099±0.007ab0.106±0.011ab0.109±0.014abc0.115±0.007abc0.112±0.013abc0.136±0.027c0.113±0.021abc0.124±0.009bc0.091±0.012a0.115±0.015abc
Tyr0.147±0.022a0.153±0.014ab0.152±0.050ab0.170±0.019ab0.166±0.019ab0.194±0.034ab0.172±0.039ab0.203±0.011b0.152±0.035ab0.182±0.026ab
His0.368±0.069a0.310±0.012a0.308±0.047a0.360±0.016a0.380±0.047a0.481±0.097b0.349±0.055a0.394±0.062a0.306±0.046a0.331±0.037a
Arg0.512±0.019a0.574±0.066ab0.597±0.126ab0.708±0.066bc0.570±0.066ab0.630±0.092ab0.639±0.089ab0.817±0.118c0.602±0.125ab0.636±0.089ab
Pro1.117±0.134ab1.337±0.251b1.119±0.156ab0.807±0.095a1.028±0.141ab0.837±0.136a0.960±0.195a1.001±0.141ab1.006±0.209ab0.907±0.380a
TAA(g/100 g)7.974±0.026a8.736±0.312ab7.844±1.251a8.429±0.459ab8.027±0.837a8.502±1.134ab8.734±0.828ab9.490±0.757b7.500±1.172a9.433±0.681b
EAA(g/100 g)1.545±0.003a1.895±0.123abcde1.848±0.393abcd2.201±0.116de1.626±0.165ab1.827±0.314abcd1.989±0.244bcde2.276±0.174e1.768±0.324abc2.143±0.269cde
NEAA(g/100 g)6.429±0.029ab6.841±0.435ab5.997±0.858a6.228±0.347ab6.400±0.699ab6.631±0.911ab6.745±0.673ab7.214±0.583b5.731±0.884a7.290±0.735b
EAA/TAA(%)19.38±0.097a21.69±2.19abc23.56±1.18bcd26.11±0.352d20.26±1.06ab22.02±2.18abc22.77±1.92bc23.98±0.147cd23.57±1.63bcd22.72±3.35bc
EAA/NEAA(%)24.03±0.149a27.70±3.57abc30.82±2.04bcd35.34±0.644d25.41±1.07ab28.23±3.49abc29.49±3.14bc31.55±0.255cd30.85±2.79bcd29.40±5.37bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762608198644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Medicinal amino acid content of Lycium barbarum L.from the Ningxia production area (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MAA青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原平均值
Asp1.652±0.0841.584±0.2821.194±0.2831.281±0.0951.548±0.2861.357±0.1761.526±0.2391.630±0.2661.154±0.2421.661±0.1891.459
Glu1.417±0.0761.415±0.0701.254±0.3111.501±0.1121.401±0.1641.771±0.5151.586±0.2451.557±0.2191.228±0.2131.941±0.4491.507
Gly0.213±0.0420.280±0.0250.282±0.0610.338±0.0210.246±0.0280.284±0.0610.300±0.0420.347±0.0250.266±0.0530.329±0.0540.288
Met0.0456±0.0220.0500±0.0070.0497±0.0100.0568±0.0070.0666±0.0060.0945±0.0310.0554±0.0230.0552±0.0040.0451±0.0120.0580±0.0120.0577
Leu0.333±0.0460.430±0.0280.429±0.0760.490±0.0250.377±0.0370.432±0.0760.462±0.0500.514±0.0650.400±0.0730.480±0.0610.435
Phe0.284±0.1260.244±0.0170.253±0.0630.298±0.0200.209±0.0250.241±0.0480.270±0.0400.311±0.0220.235±0.0480.291±0.0520.264
Tyr0.147±0.0220.153±0.0140.152±0.0500.170±0.0190.166±0.0190.194±0.0340.172±0.0390.203±0.0110.152±0.0350.182±0.0260.169
Lys0.176±0.0500.237±0.0210.228±0.0620.311±0.0280.235±0.0400.255±0.0360.260±0.0460.296±0.0140.232±0.0530.306±0.0430.254
Arg0.512±0.0190.574±0.0660.597±0.1260.708±0.0660.570±0.0660.630±0.0920.639±0.0890.817±0.1180.602±0.1250.636±0.0890.628
总量TMAA(g/100 g)4.780±0.081ab4.965±0.217abc4.439±1.03a5.153±0.299abc4.820±0.587ab5.258±0.788abc5.270±0.624abc5.745±0.543bc4.314±0.724a5.886±0.462c5.063
MAA/TAA(%)59.94±1.22bc56.83±0.451ab56.59±3.97a61.13±1.42c60.05±1.47bc61.84±1.74c60.34±2.69bc60.54±1.68bc57.52±1.85ab62.40±2.30c59.72
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762713056245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

宁夏产区枸杞药用氨基酸含量(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MAA青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原平均值
Asp1.652±0.0841.584±0.2821.194±0.2831.281±0.0951.548±0.2861.357±0.1761.526±0.2391.630±0.2661.154±0.2421.661±0.1891.459
Glu1.417±0.0761.415±0.0701.254±0.3111.501±0.1121.401±0.1641.771±0.5151.586±0.2451.557±0.2191.228±0.2131.941±0.4491.507
Gly0.213±0.0420.280±0.0250.282±0.0610.338±0.0210.246±0.0280.284±0.0610.300±0.0420.347±0.0250.266±0.0530.329±0.0540.288
Met0.0456±0.0220.0500±0.0070.0497±0.0100.0568±0.0070.0666±0.0060.0945±0.0310.0554±0.0230.0552±0.0040.0451±0.0120.0580±0.0120.0577
Leu0.333±0.0460.430±0.0280.429±0.0760.490±0.0250.377±0.0370.432±0.0760.462±0.0500.514±0.0650.400±0.0730.480±0.0610.435
Phe0.284±0.1260.244±0.0170.253±0.0630.298±0.0200.209±0.0250.241±0.0480.270±0.0400.311±0.0220.235±0.0480.291±0.0520.264
Tyr0.147±0.0220.153±0.0140.152±0.0500.170±0.0190.166±0.0190.194±0.0340.172±0.0390.203±0.0110.152±0.0350.182±0.0260.169
Lys0.176±0.0500.237±0.0210.228±0.0620.311±0.0280.235±0.0400.255±0.0360.260±0.0460.296±0.0140.232±0.0530.306±0.0430.254
Arg0.512±0.0190.574±0.0660.597±0.1260.708±0.0660.570±0.0660.630±0.0920.639±0.0890.817±0.1180.602±0.1250.636±0.0890.628
总量TMAA(g/100 g)4.780±0.081ab4.965±0.217abc4.439±1.03a5.153±0.299abc4.820±0.587ab5.258±0.788abc5.270±0.624abc5.745±0.543bc4.314±0.724a5.886±0.462c5.063
MAA/TAA(%)59.94±1.22bc56.83±0.451ab56.59±3.97a61.13±1.42c60.05±1.47bc61.84±1.74c60.34±2.69bc60.54±1.68bc57.52±1.85ab62.40±2.30c59.72
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762801136630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Content of flavor amino acids in Lycium barbarum L. from the Ningxia production area (g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
呈味氨基酸青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原平均值
Val0.252±0.00920.328±0.0540.319±0.0520.388±0.0400.256±0.0220.302±0.0450.337±0.0450.388±0.0400.305±0.0500.342±0.0470.322
Leu0.333±0.0460.430±0.0280.429±0.0760.490±0.0250.377±0.0370.432±0.0760.462±0.0500.514±0.0650.400±0.0730.480±0.0610.435
Phe0.284±0.1260.244±0.0170.253±0.0630.298±0.0200.209±0.0250.241±0.0480.270±0.0400.311±0.0220.235±0.0480.291±0.0520.264
Lys0.176±0.0500.237±0.0210.228±0.0620.311±0.0280.235±0.0400.255±0.0360.260±0.0460.296±0.0140.232±0.0530.306±0.0430.255
Arg0.512±0.0190.574±0.0660.597±0.1260.708±0.0660.570±0.0660.630±0.0920.639±0.0890.817±0.1180.602±0.1250.636±0.0890.628
总量1.557±0.021a1.812±0.185abcd1.826±0.376abcd2.195±0.104cd1.647±0.184ab1.860±0.287abcd1.968±0.227bcd2.341±0.100d1.774±0.341abc2.055±0.253cd1.904
T/TAA(%)19.53±0.196a20.74±2.86ab23.28±1.08bcd26.04±0.529d20.52±1.34ab21.88±2.17abc22.53±1.56abc24.67±1.75cd23.65±1.99bcd21.79±3.27abc22.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762885022711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

宁夏产区枸杞呈味氨基酸含量(g/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
呈味氨基酸青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原平均值
Val0.252±0.00920.328±0.0540.319±0.0520.388±0.0400.256±0.0220.302±0.0450.337±0.0450.388±0.0400.305±0.0500.342±0.0470.322
Leu0.333±0.0460.430±0.0280.429±0.0760.490±0.0250.377±0.0370.432±0.0760.462±0.0500.514±0.0650.400±0.0730.480±0.0610.435
Phe0.284±0.1260.244±0.0170.253±0.0630.298±0.0200.209±0.0250.241±0.0480.270±0.0400.311±0.0220.235±0.0480.291±0.0520.264
Lys0.176±0.0500.237±0.0210.228±0.0620.311±0.0280.235±0.0400.255±0.0360.260±0.0460.296±0.0140.232±0.0530.306±0.0430.255
Arg0.512±0.0190.574±0.0660.597±0.1260.708±0.0660.570±0.0660.630±0.0920.639±0.0890.817±0.1180.602±0.1250.636±0.0890.628
总量1.557±0.021a1.812±0.185abcd1.826±0.376abcd2.195±0.104cd1.647±0.184ab1.860±0.287abcd1.968±0.227bcd2.341±0.100d1.774±0.341abc2.055±0.253cd1.904
T/TAA(%)19.53±0.196a20.74±2.86ab23.28±1.08bcd26.04±0.529d20.52±1.34ab21.88±2.17abc22.53±1.56abc24.67±1.75cd23.65±1.99bcd21.79±3.27abc22.46
), ArticleFig(id=1320881762977297400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Amino acid scores of Lycium barbarum L. from the Ningxia production area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原FAO/WHO推荐模式(g/100 g)
Ile110.0150.6151.3180.6130.6153.1156.9185.0141.3173.84.0
Leu68.087.887.6100.076.988.294.3104.981.698.07.0
Lys58.278.075.4102.877.784.386.0102.876.7101.25.5
Cys+Met118.4127.3129.8140.4146.1187.8137.1146.1111.0141.23.5
Phe+Tyr119.7110.3112.5130.0104.2120.8122.8142.8107.5131.46.0
Thr174.4229.4204.4230.6170.6189.4220.6259.4203.8241.94.0
Val100.8131.2127.6155.2102.4120.8134.8155.2122.0136.85.0
AAS58.278.075.4100.076.984.386.0102.876.798.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763052794873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

宁夏产区枸杞的氨基酸评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原FAO/WHO推荐模式(g/100 g)
Ile110.0150.6151.3180.6130.6153.1156.9185.0141.3173.84.0
Leu68.087.887.6100.076.988.294.3104.981.698.07.0
Lys58.278.075.4102.877.784.386.0102.876.7101.25.5
Cys+Met118.4127.3129.8140.4146.1187.8137.1146.1111.0141.23.5
Phe+Tyr119.7110.3112.5130.0104.2120.8122.8142.8107.5131.46.0
Thr174.4229.4204.4230.6170.6189.4220.6259.4203.8241.94.0
Val100.8131.2127.6155.2102.4120.8134.8155.2122.0136.85.0
AAS58.278.075.4100.076.984.386.0102.876.798.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763136680954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Amino acid chemical scores of Lycium barbarum L. from the Ningxia production area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原FAO/WHO推荐全
鸡蛋模式(g/100 g)
Ile85.895.898.698.996.898.695.097.996.397.76.6
Leu123.6128.2131.1125.7130.9130.3131.2127.5127.8126.58.8
Lys88.597.195.8109.7112.2105.8101.5101.0101.9110.96.4
Cys+Met84.874.477.766.599.5111.576.371.169.572.95.5
Phe+Tyr138.6104.1108.9105.7114.6115.5110.4112.2108.8109.710.0
Thr176.0188.7172.4163.4163.6157.7173.0177.7179.7176.05.1
Val111.0117.8117.5120.0107.2109.8115.4116.1117.4108.77.3
CS84.874.477.766.596.898.676.371.169.572.9
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763212178427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

宁夏产区枸杞的氨基酸化学评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸青铜峡月牙湖红寺堡海原贺兰银川中宁中卫同心固原FAO/WHO推荐全
鸡蛋模式(g/100 g)
Ile85.895.898.698.996.898.695.097.996.397.76.6
Leu123.6128.2131.1125.7130.9130.3131.2127.5127.8126.58.8
Lys88.597.195.8109.7112.2105.8101.5101.0101.9110.96.4
Cys+Met84.874.477.766.599.5111.576.371.169.572.95.5
Phe+Tyr138.6104.1108.9105.7114.6115.5110.4112.2108.8109.710.0
Thr176.0188.7172.4163.4163.6157.7173.0177.7179.7176.05.1
Val111.0117.8117.5120.0107.2109.8115.4116.1117.4108.77.3
CS84.874.477.766.596.898.676.371.169.572.9
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763287675900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Ratio coefficient and ratio coefficient score comparison of Lycium barbarum L amino acids

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白质特性FAO/WHO推荐必需氨基酸组成SRC
IleLeuLysCys+MetPhe+TyrThrVal
青铜峡RAA0.040.050.030.040.070.070.0571.1
RC0.860.930.630.811.411.370.99
月牙湖RAA0.060.060.040.040.070.090.0772.5
RC0.981.000.700.681.081.501.07
红寺堡RAA0.060.060.040.040.070.080.0677.2
RC1.011.020.690.741.121.361.06
海原RAA0.070.070.060.050.080.090.0878.2
RC1.031.000.800.651.111.311.10
贺兰RAA0.050.050.040.050.060.070.0584.7
RC0.960.990.780.941.151.250.94
银川RAA0.060.060.050.070.070.080.0684.9
RC0.970.970.731.041.141.200.95
中宁RAA0.060.070.050.050.070.090.0777.9
RC0.971.020.730.741.141.361.04
中卫RAA0.070.070.060.050.090.100.0876.4
RC0.990.980.760.691.151.391.04
同心RAA0.060.060.040.050.060.080.0679.4
RC0.960.970.710.861.091.381.03
固原RAA0.070.070.060.050.080.100.0777.8
RC1.000.990.800.711.131.390.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763384144893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

枸杞氨基酸的比值系数及比值系数分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白质特性FAO/WHO推荐必需氨基酸组成SRC
IleLeuLysCys+MetPhe+TyrThrVal
青铜峡RAA0.040.050.030.040.070.070.0571.1
RC0.860.930.630.811.411.370.99
月牙湖RAA0.060.060.040.040.070.090.0772.5
RC0.981.000.700.681.081.501.07
红寺堡RAA0.060.060.040.040.070.080.0677.2
RC1.011.020.690.741.121.361.06
海原RAA0.070.070.060.050.080.090.0878.2
RC1.031.000.800.651.111.311.10
贺兰RAA0.050.050.040.050.060.070.0584.7
RC0.960.990.780.941.151.250.94
银川RAA0.060.060.050.070.070.080.0684.9
RC0.970.970.731.041.141.200.95
中宁RAA0.060.070.050.050.070.090.0777.9
RC0.971.020.730.741.141.361.04
中卫RAA0.070.070.060.050.090.100.0876.4
RC0.990.980.760.691.151.391.04
同心RAA0.060.060.040.050.060.080.0679.4
RC0.960.970.710.861.091.381.03
固原RAA0.070.070.060.050.080.100.0777.8
RC1.000.990.800.711.131.390.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763476419582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Initial eigenvalues of principal component and cumulative contribution rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分初始特征值提取载荷平方和
总计方差(%)累积(%)总计方差(%)累积(%)
18.74551.44151.4418.74551.44151.441
22.67515.73667.1772.67515.73667.177
31.73210.18777.3641.73210.18777.364
40.8525.01282.376
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763551917055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

主成分起始特征值及累积贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分初始特征值提取载荷平方和
总计方差(%)累积(%)总计方差(%)累积(%)
18.74551.44151.4418.74551.44151.441
22.67515.73667.1772.67515.73667.177
31.73210.18777.3641.73210.18777.364
40.8525.01282.376
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763635803136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Principal component loading matrix and eigenvectors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸主成分1主成分2主成分3
特征向量载荷特征向量载荷特征向量载荷
Thr0.1000.872−0.159−0.4260.0190.032
Val0.0980.856−0.108−0.289−0.148−0.256
Phe0.0960.842−0.086−0.229−0.105−0.181
Met0.0390.3450.3090.827−0.054−0.094
Ile0.1050.916−0.041−0.109−0.133−0.230
Leu0.1080.948−0.046−0.123−0.071−0.123
Lys0.1010.887−0.012−0.0310.0110.019
Asp0.0390.3410.0480.1280.4600.797
Ser0.0870.760−0.195−0.5210.1440.249
Glu0.0620.5400.0410.1100.3760.651
Gly0.1090.956−0.038−0.102−0.104−0.180
Ala0.0550.481−0.014−0.0380.2540.440
Cys0.0780.6830.2100.5610.0390.067
Tyr0.0780.6840.1710.458−0.009−0.015
His0.0470.4070.2990.7990.0320.055
Arg0.0900.7870.0320.086−0.096−0.166
Pro−0.025−0.219−0.152−0.4050.2410.417
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763740659712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

主成分载荷矩阵与特征向量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸主成分1主成分2主成分3
特征向量载荷特征向量载荷特征向量载荷
Thr0.1000.872−0.159−0.4260.0190.032
Val0.0980.856−0.108−0.289−0.148−0.256
Phe0.0960.842−0.086−0.229−0.105−0.181
Met0.0390.3450.3090.827−0.054−0.094
Ile0.1050.916−0.041−0.109−0.133−0.230
Leu0.1080.948−0.046−0.123−0.071−0.123
Lys0.1010.887−0.012−0.0310.0110.019
Asp0.0390.3410.0480.1280.4600.797
Ser0.0870.760−0.195−0.5210.1440.249
Glu0.0620.5400.0410.1100.3760.651
Gly0.1090.956−0.038−0.102−0.104−0.180
Ala0.0550.481−0.014−0.0380.2540.440
Cys0.0780.6830.2100.5610.0390.067
Tyr0.0780.6840.1710.458−0.009−0.015
His0.0470.4070.2990.7990.0320.055
Arg0.0900.7870.0320.086−0.096−0.166
Pro−0.025−0.219−0.152−0.4050.2410.417
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763841323009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Principal component scores and comprehensive assessment of amino acids in Lycium barbarum L.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别F1F2F3权重综合得分排序类别F1F2F3权重综合得分排序
G201.2481.8221.1221.3481G1−0.259−0.6260.559−0.22639
F51.3062.367−0.2791.3132D20.301−0.164−1.746−0.06440
G211.0431.7771.161.2083G180.308−0.867−0.753−0.07141
H11.754−0.2190.441.1804G2−0.107−0.7490.244−0.19142
F61.1452.212−0.4231.1555B10.012−0.939−0.082−0.19443
F10.9452.572−0.5351.0816E8−0.5281.093−0.647−0.21444
J51.4280.1−0.2160.9417G11−0.317−0.6460.448−0.28345
J111.478−1.0241.1430.9258I3−0.187−0.424−0.636−0.29546
J61.2520.0560.5830.9219E3−0.8270.9480.42−0.30247
F20.7622.37−0.6220.90710B2−0.499−0.9331.237−0.35948
G51.462−0.403−0.2030.86411E1−0.970.8870.677−0.37549
G100.6781.782−0.2840.77612E4−0.970.8870.677−0.37550
G81.225−0.249−0.0540.75713I8−0.395−0.7280.179−0.38751
J21.382−0.504−0.5660.74214G6−0.35−0.193−0.95−0.39752
J120.74−0.8881.7570.54315E9−0.8411.05−0.685−0.43653
C31.097−0.58−0.5330.54116A2−1.0710.9310.557−0.44954
I61.247−0.632−1.330.52517E2−1.0710.9310.557−0.44955
J30.918−0.5880.2570.52418E5−1.0710.9310.557−0.44956
G120.894−0.475−0.1040.48419G9−0.417−0.548−0.918−0.50957
J90.69−0.9061.4870.47120G13−0.578−0.278−0.86−0.55458
H30.895−0.495−0.3770.44521G22−1.3120.341.781−0.56959
E70.150.8151.3590.44422J10−1.467−0.8323.552−0.67760
E60.1880.6261.2550.41723F8−1.0680.716−0.989−0.69561
H20.898−0.373−0.8340.41224C2−0.868−0.259−0.682−0.7262
G230.946−2.4982.1310.40225G15−1.063−0.3990.419−0.73363
G190.828−0.9940.2640.38326G14−0.856−0.782−0.066−0.73764
D10.966−0.677−1.2120.34527I7−0.715−0.999−0.485−0.74265
J70.812−0.177−1.2510.33928I5−0.666−0.361−1.866−0.76266
G170.773−0.416−0.7840.32629I4−0.809−0.642−0.99−0.79967
J40.4830.218−0.360.31830G16−0.861−0.527−0.975−0.80868
G30.556−0.5960.1680.2731F7−1.250.542−1.099−0.86669
J80.361−0.8461.2490.23232E11−1.5070.3160.216−0.90970
J10.717−0.994−0.5250.20633A1−1.357−0.6710.831−0.92971
D30.575−0.196−1.2210.18234E10−1.5870.460.017−0.95972
G40.106−0.1290.5890.12235I1−1.554−0.824−0.073−1.2173
G70.437−0.619−0.6560.07836C1−1.558−0.86−0.923−1.33374
F3−0.6571.6420.940.02137I2−2.64−0.517−2.115−2.13975
F4−0.7541.8541.0760.01738
), ArticleFig(id=1320881763929403394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320881276710662591, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

氨基酸权重后综合得分及排名

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类别F1F2F3权重综合得分排序类别F1F2F3权重综合得分排序
G201.2481.8221.1221.3481G1−0.259−0.6260.559−0.22639
F51.3062.367−0.2791.3132D20.301−0.164−1.746−0.06440
G211.0431.7771.161.2083G180.308−0.867−0.753−0.07141
H11.754−0.2190.441.1804G2−0.107−0.7490.244−0.19142
F61.1452.212−0.4231.1555B10.012−0.939−0.082−0.19443
F10.9452.572−0.5351.0816E8−0.5281.093−0.647−0.21444
J51.4280.1−0.2160.9417G11−0.317−0.6460.448−0.28345
J111.478−1.0241.1430.9258I3−0.187−0.424−0.636−0.29546
J61.2520.0560.5830.9219E3−0.8270.9480.42−0.30247
F20.7622.37−0.6220.90710B2−0.499−0.9331.237−0.35948
G51.462−0.403−0.2030.86411E1−0.970.8870.677−0.37549
G100.6781.782−0.2840.77612E4−0.970.8870.677−0.37550
G81.225−0.249−0.0540.75713I8−0.395−0.7280.179−0.38751
J21.382−0.504−0.5660.74214G6−0.35−0.193−0.95−0.39752
J120.74−0.8881.7570.54315E9−0.8411.05−0.685−0.43653
C31.097−0.58−0.5330.54116A2−1.0710.9310.557−0.44954
I61.247−0.632−1.330.52517E2−1.0710.9310.557−0.44955
J30.918−0.5880.2570.52418E5−1.0710.9310.557−0.44956
G120.894−0.475−0.1040.48419G9−0.417−0.548−0.918−0.50957
J90.69−0.9061.4870.47120G13−0.578−0.278−0.86−0.55458
H30.895−0.495−0.3770.44521G22−1.3120.341.781−0.56959
E70.150.8151.3590.44422J10−1.467−0.8323.552−0.67760
E60.1880.6261.2550.41723F8−1.0680.716−0.989−0.69561
H20.898−0.373−0.8340.41224C2−0.868−0.259−0.682−0.7262
G230.946−2.4982.1310.40225G15−1.063−0.3990.419−0.73363
G190.828−0.9940.2640.38326G14−0.856−0.782−0.066−0.73764
D10.966−0.677−1.2120.34527I7−0.715−0.999−0.485−0.74265
J70.812−0.177−1.2510.33928I5−0.666−0.361−1.866−0.76266
G170.773−0.416−0.7840.32629I4−0.809−0.642−0.99−0.79967
J40.4830.218−0.360.31830G16−0.861−0.527−0.975−0.80868
G30.556−0.5960.1680.2731F7−1.250.542−1.099−0.86669
J80.361−0.8461.2490.23232E11−1.5070.3160.216−0.90970
J10.717−0.994−0.5250.20633A1−1.357−0.6710.831−0.92971
D30.575−0.196−1.2210.18234E10−1.5870.460.017−0.95972
G40.106−0.1290.5890.12235I1−1.554−0.824−0.073−1.2173
G70.437−0.619−0.6560.07836C1−1.558−0.86−0.923−1.33374
F3−0.6571.6420.940.02137I2−2.64−0.517−2.115−2.13975
F4−0.7541.8541.0760.01738
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Principal component scores and comprehensive assessment of amino acids in Lycium barbarum L.

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地区样本权重综合
得分均值
排名地区样本权重综合
得分均值
排名
中卫H0.6791月牙湖B−0.2776
固原J0.4572贺兰E−0.3287
银川F0.3673红寺堡C−0.5048
海原D0.1554青铜峡A−0.6899
中宁G0.0845同心I−0.72610
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枸杞中氨基酸权重后综合得分及排名

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地区样本权重综合
得分均值
排名地区样本权重综合
得分均值
排名
中卫H0.6791月牙湖B−0.2776
固原J0.4572贺兰E−0.3287
银川F0.3673红寺堡C−0.5048
海原D0.1554青铜峡A−0.6899
中宁G0.0845同心I−0.72610
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宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值评价
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杨春霞
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(16): 346-356
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (16) : 346 -356
宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值评价
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杨春霞(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与营养,E-mail:

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杨春霞(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与营养,E-mail:

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杨春霞
作者信息
  • 宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,宁夏银川 750002
作者简介:

杨春霞(1983−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品质量安全与营养,E-mail:

Regional Differences in Protein Amino Acids and Nutritional Value Evaluation of Ningxia Lycium barbarum L.
Chunxia YANG
Affiliations
  • Quality Standards and Testing Institute of Agricultural Technology, Yinchuan 750002, China
出版时间: 2026-08-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060266
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采集宁夏产区枸杞并测定17种蛋白氨基酸含量。在FAO/WHO推荐的氨基酸模式基础上,以氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CS)、氨基酸比值系数(RC)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)为指标,结合相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析综合评价蛋白氨基酸营养价值及产地差异。结果表明:宁夏枸杞含7种必需氨基酸(EAA)、9种药用氨基酸(MAA)、5种呈味氨基酸。总氨基酸(TAA)含量在7.500~9.490 g/100 g之间,EAA含量在1.545~2.276 g/100 g之间,EAA/TAA含量在19.38%~26.11%之间,必需氨基酸占非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)含量在24.03%~35.34%之间,EAA/TAA和EAA/NTAA低于FAO提出的理想蛋白质值40%和60%;TMAA含量在4.314~5.886 g/100 g之间,占氨基酸总量的56.59%~62.40%,药用价值高;呈味氨基酸含量在1.557~2.341 g/100 g之间,占氨基酸总量的19.53%~26.04%。除同心与中卫、固原枸杞的TAA含量有显著性差异外,其他产区间TAA、EAA、NEAA、MAA、呈味氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA、药用氨基酸总含量(TMAA)及呈味氨基酸总含量呈显著差异性(P<0.05)。宁夏枸杞关键氨基酸为Gly、Asp、Glu、Met、Thr、Val、Phe、Leu、Ile、Lys,胱氨酸+蛋氨酸(Cys+Met)为第一限制氨基酸。AAS在58.2~102.8,CS在66.5~98.6,SRC在71.1~84.9,以中卫、固原、银川、海原、中宁地区的枸杞氨基酸综合品质较佳,SRC评价结果相对均衡,更接近于FAO/WHO推荐模式。聚类分析显示宁夏产区枸杞以青铜峡和同心,月牙湖、贺兰和红寺堡,海原与中宁,固原、银川和中卫聚为四类。试验结果可较好地体现宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值,为枸杞深加工提供参考价值。

宁夏枸杞  /  氨基酸  /  组成,产地差异  /  营养价值

In this study, we collected Lycium barbarum L. from different areas in Ningxia and determined the contents of 17 protein amino acids. Based on the amino acid pattern recommended by FAO/WHO, we comprehensively evaluated the nutritional value of protein amino acids and regional differences using indicators, such as amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), amino acid ratio coefficient (RC), and amino acid score of ratio coefficient (SRC), combined with correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses. The results revealed that Ningxia Lycium barbarum L. contained seven, nine, and five kinds of essential, medicinal, and flavor amino acids (EAA, MAA, and FAA), respectively. The total amino acid (TAA) and EAA contents ranged from 7.500 to 9.490 and 1.545 to 2.276 g/100 g, respectively. The EAA/TAA and essential-to-non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) ratios were between 19.38%~26.11% and 24.03%~35.34%, respectively. Both the EAA/TAA and EAA/NTAA values were lower than the ideal protein reference values (i.e., 40 % and 60 %, respectively) given by the FAO. The total medicinal amino acid (TMAA) content ranged from 4.314 to 5.886 g/100 g, accounting for 56.59%~62.40% of the TAA, indicating high medicinal value. The total FAA content ranged from 1.557 to 2.341 g/100 g, accounting for 19.53%~26.04% of the TAA. We observed no significant differences (P>0.05) in the TAA, EAA, NEAA, MAA, and FAA contents among the different Ningxia producing areas, except for the significantly different TAA content between Tongxin and both Zhongwei and Guyuan. However, we detected significant differences (P<0.05) in the EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA ratios as well as in the total TMAA and FAA contents. The key amino acids we identified were Gly, Asp, Glu, Met, Thr, Val, Phe, Leu, Ile, and Lys, and the combination of cysteine and methionine (Cys+Met) was the first limitation. The AAS, CS, and SRC values ranged ranged from 58.2 to 102.8, from 66.5 to 98.6, and from 71.1 to 84.9, respectively. L. barbarum L. from Zhongwei, Guyuan, Yinchuan, Haiyuan, and Zhongning regions exhibited superior comprehensive amino acid quality, with SRC evaluation results indicating a more balanced composition closer to the FAO/WHO-recommended pattern. Cluster analysis categorized the Lycium barbarum L. from Ningxia producing areas into four distinct groups: Qingtongxia and Tongxin; Yueyahu, Helan, and Hongsibao; Haiyuan and Zhongning; Guyuan, Yinchuan, and Zhongwei. The experimental results effectively reflect the regional differences in protein amino acids and the nutritional value of Ningxia Lycium barbarum L., providing a valuable reference for deep processing.

Lycium barbarum L.  /  amino acid; composition  /  regional difference  /  nutritional value
杨春霞. 宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (16) : 346 -356 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060266
Chunxia YANG. Regional Differences in Protein Amino Acids and Nutritional Value Evaluation of Ningxia Lycium barbarum L.[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (16) : 346 -356 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060266
氨基酸是人体代谢中一种重要物质[1],也是评价食品营养价值的重要指标之一[2−3]。氨基酸含量不足或过多都会影响食物的营养价值。食品的氨基酸营养评价已成为指导人群膳食营养、食品组合加工、分级管理、预示互补规律等方面的重要参考依据[4−6]。目前在枸杞[7]、马铃薯[8]、玉米[9]、食用菌[10]、核桃[11]、茶叶[12]、蔬菜[13−14]、水果[15−16]等氨基酸的组成及营养价值评定方面已取得一定的进展。
宁夏为枸杞道地产区,原料的道地性和产地生态环境是影响质量的重要指标。近年来,围绕宁夏枸杞功能营养品质成分的研究有很多,诸如总糖[17−19]、枸杞多糖[20−22]、甜菜碱[23−24]、类胡萝卜素[25−26]、多酚[27−28]、黄酮类化合物[28]等。有关氨基酸方面的研究杨春霞[29−30]采用柱后衍生阳离子交换色谱法测定了枸杞中氨基酸组成及含量,比较了红果枸杞与黑果枸杞中氨基酸的差异性。王亚军等[31]对自培育的不同品系枸杞果实中药用氨基酸和增香剂型氨基酸组成及含量进行差异性比较。张晓煜等[32]考察了地域环境对枸杞氨基酸组成的影响。还有研究[33−35]比较分析了新疆主栽品种和青海枸杞的氨基酸组成及营养价值。发现枸杞产地与环境差异是影响枸杞蛋白质合成、氨基酸代谢的关键因素。宁夏枸杞作为药食同源物种,其氨基酸评价是营养价值的关键指标之一,目前,有关系统且全面评价宁夏产区枸杞蛋白氨基酸产地差异与营养价值方面的研究鲜少。
为发掘和利用宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸营养价值,拟开展宁夏产区枸杞蛋白氨基酸含量及组成的分析研究,并采用FAO/WHO推荐的氨基酸模式谱,结合相关分析、主成分分析、聚类分析进行综合评价,系统地对宁夏产区枸杞蛋白氨基酸营养价值评定及产地差异性进行分析,为科学合理地开发利用枸杞资源提供理论依据。
‘宁杞7号’枸杞 采集夏果第三茬次,每个样本收集3个重复。在宁夏青铜峡、月牙湖、红寺堡、海原、贺兰、银川、中宁、中卫、同心、固原枸杞种植基地采集。枸杞鲜果经晾晒干后,在55 ℃烘箱中烘干,高速粉碎至粉末状,置于样品瓶中放入干燥器中保存,试验样品为绝干样。样品信息见表1;17种氨基酸混合标准品(苏氨酸Thr、缬氨酸Val、苯丙氨酸Phe、蛋氨酸Met、异亮氨酸Ile、亮氨酸Leu、赖氨酸Lys、天冬氨酸Asp、丝氨酸Ser、谷氨酸Glu、甘氨酸Gly、丙氨酸Ala、胱氨酸Cys、酪氨酸Tyr、组氨酸His、精氨酸Arg、脯氨酸Pro)(纯度>99.9%) 美国Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company;二水合柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸、氢氧化钠、硼酸、苯酚均为优级纯、乙二胺二乙酸钠(分析纯)、甲醇(色谱纯) 国药集团上海试剂公司;茚三酮(分析纯)、三水乙酸钠、乙酸钾、乙酸(均为优级纯) 广东光华化学试剂有限公司;液氮(纯度为99.99%以上) 宁夏宁丰制氧厂;水为一级水 实验室自制。
S-433D氨基酸全自动分析仪 德国Sykam公司;DHG-9246A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;TVE-1000 试管浓缩仪 EYELA东京理化;GM 0.33A无油真空泵 上海楚柏实验室设备有限公司;Milli-Q超纯水机 德国默克公司。
参照GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》[36]方法测定枸杞中蛋白质含量,参照GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》[37]方法测定枸杞中17种氨基酸含量。称取含蛋白质15~20 mg枸杞样品于20 mL冷冻安培管中,加入10 mL 1:1的HCl溶液,于液氮中冷冻至完全凝固后抽真空封管。将封好口的安培管于110 ℃恒温干燥箱中水解24 h,水解后的样液过滤,取适量滤液在试管浓缩仪中浓缩至干,然后加入3~5 mL pH2.2的样品稀释液复溶,用0.45 μm滤膜过滤后,供上机测定使用。每个样品做3个重复,测定结果取平均值。
色谱条件:LCA K06/Na阳离子交换柱(4.6 mm×150 mm);流动相:pH3.45、pH10.85缓冲液;检测器:集成双波长光度计(570、440 nm);洗脱泵流速0.45 mL/min,衍生泵流速0.25 mL/min;梯度控温,柱温58~74 ℃;反应器温度130 ℃;分析周期 56 min。
采用1973年联合国粮农组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)建议的每克氮氨基酸评分标准模式计算:AAS值越大,氨基酸评分越高,表示该蛋白质的氨基酸营养价值越高[38]。计算公式如下:
$\rm AAS(\text{%})=\frac{样品中氨基酸含量}{FAO/WHO模式中相应EAA含量}\times 100 $
采用FAO[39]推荐的标准进行化学评分,用来评价样品中某一必需氨基酸的相对含量与其必需氨基酸总量之比与标准鸡蛋蛋白中相应必需氨基酸相对含量的接近程度[40]。计算公式如下:
$\rm CS(\text{%})=\frac{样品中必需氨基酸含量}{鸡蛋蛋白模式中相应EAA含量}\times 100 $
根据朱圣陶等[41]的模型计算。RC反映食物中蛋白氨基酸组成、含量与氨基酸模式的偏离程度。RC>1,表示这种必需氨基酸的含量相对过剩;RC<1,表示这种必需氨基酸的含量相对缺乏;RC=1表明其组成比例与模式谱一致;RC最小值表示该种必需氨基酸是食物中的限制性氨基酸。计算公式如下:
$\rm R{C}_{i}=\frac{RA{A}_{i}}{\overline{RAA}} $
式中:RCi为被测食物蛋白质的第i种EAA的比值系数(1≤i≤7);RAAi为被测食物蛋白质中的第i种EAA评分值(1≤i≤7);$\rm \overline{RAA} $为被测食物蛋白质中的第i种EAA评分值的均值。
根据朱圣陶等[41]的模型计算。SRC表示食物中蛋白质的相对营养价值,用各种必需氨基酸偏离氨基酸模式的离散度来评价蛋白质质量及氨基酸的均衡性。100−SRC的值越小,表明必需氨基酸在氨基酸生理平衡方面做出的贡献越大,即营养价值越高,反之,则营养价值越低。计算公式如下:
$\rm SRC=100-CV\times 100 $
式中:CV为RC的变异系数,CV=标准差/均数。
不同产区样本数量依据表1,每个样本重复三次测定取均值。采用Excel 对数据进行整理。采用Origin 2024进行相关分析,采用SPSS23.0进行差异性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析,P<0.05表示有显著性差异。
由表2可知,宁夏枸杞含有7种EAA(Thr、Val、Phe、Met、Ile、Leu、Lys)和10种NEAA(Asp、Ser、Glu、Gly、Ala、Cys、Tyr、His、Arg、Pro)。10个产地枸杞中氨基酸平均含量排前3的均为Asp、Glu、Pro,其次为His、Arg、Ala、Ser,Cys和Met含量较低。10个产地的枸杞中Met(除银川)、Ala、His(除银川)、Tyr(除青铜峡与中卫)之间不存在显著差异外,其余氨基酸含量之间均存在一定差异性。青铜峡枸杞中Thr、Val、Ser含量与月牙湖、海原、中宁、中卫、固原的含量呈显著差异(P<0.05),与其他产地无显著差异,中卫枸杞中Ile、Leu含量与青铜峡、贺兰、同心枸杞含量呈显著差异(P<0.05),固原枸杞Lys、Glu含量与同心、贺兰、红寺堡、月牙湖、青铜峡枸杞含量呈显著差异(P<0.05),同心与青铜峡、月牙湖、贺兰、中宁、中卫、固原枸杞Asp含量呈显著差异(P<0.05),贺兰与青铜峡、海原、中卫、固原枸杞Phe含量差异显著(P<0.05),银川与同心、中卫枸杞Cys含量与其他产地差异显著(P<0.05),青铜峡与海原、中宁、中卫、固原枸杞Gly含量呈显著差异(P<0.05),与其他产地无显著差异,月牙湖与海原、银川、中宁、固原枸杞Pro含量差异显著(P<0.05),青铜峡与海原、中卫枸杞Arg含量呈显著差异(P<0.05)。TAA在7.500~9.490 g/100 g之间,EAA含量在1.545~2.276 g/100 g之间,EAA/TAA在19.38%~26.11%之间;NEAA含量在5.731~7.290 g/100 g之间,EAA/NEAA含量在24.03%~35.34%之间。中卫枸杞TAA含量最高,同心最低。各地EAA含量由高到低依次为:H>D>J>G>B>C>F>I>E>A,EAA含量以Ile和Thr的较高,Lys、Phe、Ile、Val基本接近,Met含量最低。青铜峡、同心与中卫、固原的TAA含量有显著性差异(P<0.05),青铜峡的EAA含量与月牙湖、红寺堡、贺兰、银川、同心的EAA含量差异不显著,与海原、中宁、中卫、固原地区的EAA呈显著差异(P<0.05),中卫、固原的NEAA含量与红寺堡和同心含量差异显著(P<0.05),青铜峡与海原的EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA含量呈显著差异性(P<0.05)。10个产地枸杞的EAA/TAA和EAA/NTAA与FAO[38]提出的理想蛋白质条件(EAA/TAA和EAA/NTAA分别为40%和60%)存在一定差距,表明枸杞中氨基酸的营养价值不够均衡。与文献[42]比较,青海枸杞Glu、Pro突出,甘肃枸杞Arg含量较高,宁夏枸杞必需氨基酸比例高,不同产地枸杞氨基酸含量差异与环境因素土壤、降水量、温度及生长期等多因素协同影响。
依据文献[31],枸杞药用氨基酸主要包括Asp、Glu、Gly、Met、Leu、Tyr、Lys、Phe、Arg。由表3和图1可知,宁夏枸杞中MAA种类齐全,其中4种EAA,Tyr为半必需氨基酸。TMAA在4.314~5.886 g/100 g之间,平均值达5.063 g/100 g。各产地TMAA含量依次为:固原>中卫>中宁>银川>海原>月牙湖>贺兰>青铜峡>红寺堡>同心。从组分来看,各产区的Asp、Glu、Arg、Leu含量高,平均含量分别达到1.459、1.507、0.628和0.435 g/100 g,分别占MAA的28.82%、29.76%、12.42%和8.59%,四者总量占MAA的79.59%。Met含量最低,平均含量为0.0577 g/100 g。Gly、Tyr、Lys、Phe平均含量接近。各产区枸杞的MAA含量差异不显著(P>0.05),部分产地TMAA含量差异显著(P<0.05)。MAA/TAA在56.59%~62.40%之间,远高于靖远县(55.46%)、玉门市(53.59%)、乌兰县(53.43%)枸杞[42]MAA/TAA含量,进一步反映了宁夏枸杞氨基酸药用价值高。
枸杞中呈味氨基酸有Val、Leu、Phe、Lys、Arg(见表4),其中Val、Leu、Arg呈现苦味,Phe呈现芳香味,Lys呈现鲜味。呈味氨基酸总含量在1.557~2.341 g/100 g之间,平均值达1.904 g/100 g,占TAA的19.53%~26.04%。结合表4和图2可知:各产区呈味氨基酸总含量高低顺序依次为:中卫>海原>固原>中宁>银川>红寺堡>月牙湖>同心>贺兰>青铜峡,各产区间呈味氨基酸组分相同,含量呈显著差异性。以氨基酸组分含量来看,各产地呈味氨基酸平均含量依次为:Arg>Leu>Val>Phe>Lys,分别占呈味氨基酸总量的32.98%、22.85%、16.91%、13.87%和13.39%,呈现苦味的Val、Leu、Arg在枸杞呈味特征中发挥关键作用,呈现芳香味和鲜味的氨基酸贡献率基本接近。各地枸杞的呈味氨基酸总含量除青铜峡与月牙湖、红寺堡、贺兰、银川、同心差异不显著外,其它各地差异显著(P<0.05)。
根据AAS计算方法得出,宁夏枸杞蛋白氨基酸的AAS值分别为青铜峡(58.2)、月牙湖(78.0)、红寺堡(75.4)、海原(100.0)、贺兰(76.9)、银川(84.3)、中宁(86.0)、中卫(102.8)、同心(76.7)、固原(98.0)。中卫种植区的枸杞蛋白氨基酸AAS评分最高,与评分模式氨基酸组成越接近,蛋白质价值就越高。除青铜峡的最低,其他种植区的比较均衡。结果见表5。
由表6可知,宁夏产区的枸杞氨基酸CS顺序依次为银川(98.6)、贺兰(96.8)、青铜峡(84.8)、红寺堡(77.7)、中宁(76.3)、月牙湖(74.4)、固原(72.9)、中卫(71.1)、同心(69.5)、海原(66.5)。以银川、贺兰、青铜峡种植的枸杞氨基酸组成更接近于鸡蛋蛋白模式,营养价值高;红寺堡、中宁、月牙湖、固原、中卫的枸杞氨基酸营养价值相对较高且均衡,同心和海原的枸杞氨基酸营养价值相对较低。
由表7中RC值可知,青铜峡、贺兰、银川、固原的枸杞中必需氨基酸Phe+Tyr、Thr相对过多,Ile、Leu、Val、Cys+Met、Lys相对缺乏,Cys+Met为第一限制性氨基酸(数值最低的氨基酸或氨基酸组即为“第一限制氨基酸”);红寺堡、海原枸杞中必需氨基酸Ile、Leu、Phe+Tyr、Thr、Val相对过多,Cys+Met为第一限制性氨基酸;月牙湖、中宁枸杞必需氨基酸Leu、Phe+Tyr、Thr、Val相对过多,Ile、Cys+Met、Lys相对缺乏,Cys+Met为第一限制性氨基酸;中卫、同心枸杞必需氨基酸Phe+Tyr、Thr、Val相对过多,Ile、Leu、Cys+Met、Lys相对缺乏。从SRC值来看,各种植区枸杞的必需氨基酸比值系数分在71.1~84.9之间,以银川和贺兰的最高,达到84.9和84.7,青铜峡和月牙湖的相对较低,为71.1和72.5。除了Cys+Met、Lys,其余必需氨基酸配比比较合理,有较高的食用价值。联合国粮农组织(FAO)通过的“理想蛋白质氨基酸模式”明确了成年人(18~64岁)对Cys+Met需求阈值为2.5 g/100 g蛋白质[38],由表2可知,宁夏产区枸杞Cys+Met值在0.1234~0.2305 g/100 g之间,低于需求阈值,进一步确认为枸杞限制氨基酸。
由图3可知,除Pro与Thr、Val、Phe、Ile、Leu、Lys、Asp、Ser、Glu、Gly、Ala、Arg,His与Thr、Val、Phe、Ser、Ala,Ala与Tyr,Met与Asp、Ser、Glu、Ala、Thr、Val、Phe,Arg与Asp、Glu,Gly与Asp无相关性外,其余各氨基酸之间均存在正相关或负相关,绝大部分呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。Gly与Ile、Leu,Val与Leu、Ser与Thr、Leu与Ile相关系数在0.9以上呈正相关。Thr、Val、Phe、Ile、Leu、Gly之间相关系数在0.8以上呈正相关,Lys与Ile、Leu之间相关系数在0.8以上呈正相关。不同种植地枸杞中各氨基酸间相关性较强。
由表8可知,特征值大于1的成分有3个,其中主成分1的特征值为8.745,贡献率为51.441%;主成分2的特征值为2.675,贡献率为15.736%;主成分3的特征值为1.732,贡献率为10.187%。3个主成分的累积方差贡献率77.364%,基本能够代表所有指标的大部分信息。
17种氨基酸指标在3个主成分上的特征向量与载荷矩阵见表9和图4。主成分1中载荷值较高且正相关的有Gly、Leu、Ile、Lys、Thr、Val、Phe、Arg、Ser等,以药用氨基酸Gly载荷值0.956为最大,以必需氨基酸为主(Thr、Val、Phe、Leu、Ile、Lys)。第2主成分主要反映Met、His、Cys、Tyr等的变异信息,以药用氨基酸Met载荷值0.827为最大,非必需氨基酸为主(His、Cys、Tyr)。第3主成分的载荷值最大的前2位是药用氨基酸Asp、Glu。第1、第2和第3主成分基本反映了宁夏不同产地枸杞中药用氨基酸和必需氨基酸含量的差异性。宁夏产区枸杞中关键氨基酸为药用氨基酸Gly、Asp、Glu、Met和必需氨基酸Thr、Val、Phe、Leu、Ile、Lys。
利用前3个主成分进行宁夏产区枸杞蛋白氨基酸营养价值综合评价。3个主成分线性关系分别为:
F1=0.100X1+0.098X2+0.096X3+0.039X4+0.105X5+0.108X6+0.101X7+0.039X8+0.089X9+0.062X10+0.109X11+0.055X12+0.078X13+0.078X14+0.047X15+0.090X16−0.025X17
F2=−0.159X1−0.108X2−0.086X3+0.039X4−0.041X5−0.046X6−0.012X7+0.048X8−0.195X9+0.041X10−0.038X11−0.014X12+0.210X13+0.171X14+0.299X15+0.032X16−0.152X17
F3=0.019X1−0.148X2−0.105X3−0.054X4−0.133X5−0.071X6+0.011X7+0.460X8+0.144X9+0.376X10−0.104X11+0.254X12+0.039X13−0.009X14+0.032X15−0.096X16+0.241X17
其中,X1~X17代表17种氨基酸,分别为Thr、Val、Phe、Met、Ile、Leu、Lys、Asp、Ser、Glu、Gly、Ala、Cys、Tyr、His、Arg、Pro。
以3个主成分对应的方差相对贡献率为权重,将主成分得分进行权重加和,建立综合评价函数F综=0.665F1+0.203F2+0.132F3,计算各产区枸杞氨基酸的综合得分。综合得分高低可以反映枸杞中氨基酸综合品质的高低,得分越高说明综合品质越好。由表10可知,综合排名前10的依次为中宁(G20)>银川(F5)>中宁(G21)>中卫(H1)>银川(F6)>银川(F1)>固原(J5)>固原(J11)>固原(J6)>银川(F2),中宁种植区的得分最高为1.348。75个枸杞样本中综合得分值为正值的有38个,负值的有37个。其中综合得分为正值的以中宁、固原、银川的枸杞样本居多,分别占31.6%、28.9%、15.8%。综合得分为负值的以银川、贺兰、同心的枸杞样本居多,分别占29.7%、24.3%、18.9%,说明这些地区种植的枸杞中氨基酸含量低于平均水平。
将各地区样本主成分分析矩阵中主要氨基酸在各个主成分矩阵中的权重系数综合得分取均值进行排序,各种植区枸杞蛋白质氨基酸营养价值综合排名依次为中卫(H)>固原(J)>银川(F)>海原(D)>中宁(G)>月牙湖(B)>贺兰(E)>红寺堡(C)>青铜峡(A)>同心(I)。中卫(H)、固原(I)、银川(F)、海原(D)、中宁(G)的枸杞氨基酸综合得分均为正值,综合品质较佳。结果见表11。
图5为宁夏10个产区枸杞间聚类图,可聚为四类:第一类为A(青铜峡)、I(同心),TAA、EAA、MAA、增香剂型氨基酸含量均低于平均值(该平均值为每一类氨基酸所有地区的平均值,同下);第二类为B(月牙湖)、E(贺兰)、C(红寺堡),TAA、EAA、MAA、增香剂型氨基酸含量接近或低于平均值;第3类为D(海原)、G(中宁),TAA、EAA、MAA、增香剂型氨基酸含量均高于或接近平均值;第4类为J(固原)、F(银川)、H(中卫)。J(固原)、H(中卫)TAA、EAA、MAA、增香剂型氨基酸含量均高于平均值,F(银川)TAA、EAA、MAA、增香剂型氨基酸含量接近于平均值。结合表11的样本权重综合得分均值,聚类分析可较好地体现宁夏产区间枸杞氨基酸含量的差异性。
试验对宁夏10个产区75个枸杞样本中17种蛋白氨基酸组成、含量、构成比例及营养价值评价。宁夏枸杞氨基酸种类齐全,Gly、Asp、Glu、Met、Thr、Val、Phe、Leu、Ile是关键氨基酸,但EAA/TAA和EAA/NTAA低于FAO提出的理想蛋白质EAA/TAA和EAA/NTAA值40%和60%,药用氨基酸含量高,MAA/TAA在56.59%~62.40%之间。除同心与中卫、固原的TAA含量有显著性差异外,其他各产区的TAA、EAA、NEAA含量差异不显著,呈味氨基酸含量差异不显著,EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA、TMAA及呈味氨基酸总含量呈显著差异性。胱氨酸+蛋氨酸(Cys+Met)为第一限制性氨基酸。AAS、CS、SRC分别在58.2~102.8、66.5~98.6、71.1~84.9之间,SRC法评价结果更接近于FAO/WHO推荐模式。宁夏枸杞蛋白质氨基酸营养价值呈现地区差异性,可分为四类,分别为青铜峡和同心一类,月牙湖、贺兰和红寺堡一类,海原、中宁和固原一类,银川和中卫一类,其中中卫、同心、银川、海原、中宁地区的枸杞蛋白质氨基酸综合品质较佳。聚类分析可较好地体现宁夏产区间枸杞氨基酸含量的差异性。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060266
  • 接收时间:2025-06-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-08-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23
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    宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,宁夏银川 750002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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