Article(id=1320166227528495927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060241, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750348800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681756145, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681756145, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681756145, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681756145, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=442, endPage=450, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166228337996600, articleId=1320166227528495927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Ameliorative Effect and Mechanism of Ejiao in Mice with Dextran-induced Microcirculation Disorders, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of donkey-hide gelatin (Ejiao) in alleviating microcirculatory disorders in mice and explored its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Female ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: Healthy control, model, Ejiao mid-dose (1.5 g/kg), and Ejiao high-dose (3 g/kg). A microcirculatory disorder model was established by injecting dextran into the tail vein. Real-time blood perfusion in the auricles was continuously monitored using a laser speckle flowmetry system. The number of functional capillaries was assessed under a stereomicroscope, and hemorheological parameters were quantified using a hemorheometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure levels of vascular activity- and metabolism-related factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, and inflammatory cytokines to elucidate the potential mechanisms. Additionally, histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys were assessed. Results: In the mid-dose Ejiao group, auricular blood perfusion levels at 15 and 30 minutes increased significantly by 36.76% and 36.02%, respectively, compared to that at baseline (0 min) (P<0.01). Furthermore, at 30 minutes, both the mid- and high-dose Ejiao groups exhibited significant increases in the number of open capillaries by 34.61% and 38.46%, respectively, compared to that in the model group (P<0.01). Hemorheological analysis revealed that the model group had significantly elevated levels of whole-blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and fibrinogen (P<0.05 or P<0.01), along with a reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.05). In contrast, the mid-dose Ejiao group showed significant improvement in these parameters (P<0.05). Both mid- and high-dose Ejiao treatments significantly decreased the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (P<0.01) and markedly increased the level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin (P<0.05), compared to that in the model group, suggesting a potential role of Ejiao in modulating vascular function. Additionally, both Ejiao-treated groups showed increased levels of Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, indicating that Ejiao might alleviate microcirculatory disorders by enhancing energy metabolism. The levels of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine, as well as the hormones estradiol and luteinizing hormone, were closer to those of the healthy group in Ejiao-treated mice, indicating regulatory effects on neuroendocrine imbalances. Inflammatory factor analysis demonstrated that mid-dose Ejiao significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β (P<0.05), thereby mitigating inflammation associated with microcirculatory disorders. Histopathological observations further confirmed that Ejiao treatment alleviated tissue damage and promoted structural recovery in the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Mid-dose Ejiao effectively alleviated microcirculatory disorders by modulating vascular activity, correcting metabolic imbalances, restoring neuroendocrine homeostasis, and suppressing inflammatory responses. These findings provide strong scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of Ejiao for the treatment of microcirculatory disorders.

, authors=Xueyuan FU1, Changwei WANG1, *, Yucui JIN2, 3, Jianjun GU2, 3, Qin FENG2, 3, Chuyi LIU1, Xiaomei FENG1, Bafang LI1, Haibin LIU2, 3, *, authorsList=Xueyuan FU, Changwei WANG, Yucui JIN, Jianjun GU, Qin FENG, Chuyi LIU, Xiaomei FENG, Bafang LI, Haibin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Changwei WANG, Haibin LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166231391449925, articleId=1320166227528495927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=阿胶对右旋糖酐诱导微循环障碍小鼠的改善作用及机制, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠的改善作用及其潜在机制。方法:选取雌性ICR小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组和阿胶中(1.5 g/kg)、高剂量组(3 g/kg),经尾静脉注射右旋糖酐构建微循环障碍模型。采用激光散斑仪监测小鼠耳廓实时血液灌注量,体视显微镜观测耳廓毛细血管开放数,血液流变仪检测小鼠血液流变学指标,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测小鼠血管活性相关因子、代谢相关因子、神经递质、激素水平、炎症因子水平,阐明作用机制,对肝脏、肾脏进行病理学观察。结果:阿胶中剂量组各时间节点(15、30 min)较0 min的血液灌注量显著升高36.76%和36.02%(P<0.01),中、高剂量组小鼠毛细血管开放数较模型组显著增加34.61%和38.46%(P<0.01);血液流变性结果显示,模型组全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原指标较正常组显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),血沉显著性下降(P<0.05),阿胶中剂量组各项指标具有显著性改善(P<0.05);相较于模型组,阿胶中、高剂量可显著降低纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)(P<0.01),并显著升高前列环素稳定代谢产物(6-keto-PGF1α)水平(P<0.05),表明其可能通过调节血管功能促进血液微循环;同时,阿胶中、高剂量组较模型组的钙镁腺苷三磷酸酶(Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase)和环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平得到提升,提示其可能通过增强能量代谢缓解微循环障碍;阿胶组小鼠的神经递质乙酰胆碱(ACh)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及激素雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平更趋于正常组,表明其对神经递质和激素水平紊乱具有调节作用;炎症因子检测进一步发现,阿胶中剂量可显著降低肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平(P<0.05),从而减轻微循环障碍相关炎症反应;病理学观察显示,阿胶干预后可减轻小鼠肝肾组织损伤,促进结构修复。结论:阿胶中剂量可显著缓解微循环障碍,其作用机制可能与调节血管活性因子、纠正能量代谢紊乱、恢复神经递质和激素水平以及抑制炎症反应相关,本研究为阿胶在改善微循环障碍中的作用提供了科学依据。

, authors=付雪媛1, 王长伟1, *, 金玉翠2, 3, 顾建军2, 3, 冯芹2, 3, 刘楚怡1, 冯晓梅1, 李八方1, 刘海滨2, 3, *, authorsList=付雪媛, 王长伟, 金玉翠, 顾建军, 冯芹, 刘楚怡, 冯晓梅, 李八方, 刘海滨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王长伟, 刘海滨, authorNote=

付雪媛(1990−),女,硕士研究生,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品研究与开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王长伟(1983−),女,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向:生物活性肽研究与开发,E-mail:。
刘海滨(1980−),男,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:中药现代化研究及新药研发,E-mail:。
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Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2025., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166231693439814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231701828423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231693439814, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231710217032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231693439814, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1青岛海洋生物医药研究院,山东青岛 266071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166231777325897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231785714506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231777325897, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Dong'e Ejiao Co., Ltd., Shandong Key Laboratory of Gelatine Medicines Research and Development, Liaocheng 252201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231798297419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231777325897, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2东阿阿胶股份有限公司山东省胶类药物研究与开发重点实验室,山东聊城 252201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166231877989196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231886377805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231877989196, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3National Engineering Technology Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng 252201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231894766414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231877989196, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心,山东聊城 252201)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166237699683211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of Ejiao on body weight changes in mice with microcirculation disorders, figureFileSmall=GHbYcJTTO5cRQSGFNiJmOA==, figureFileBig=xrutl2OGIMjXfraAK5RleA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166237758403468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=图1, caption=阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠体重变化的影响, figureFileSmall=GHbYcJTTO5cRQSGFNiJmOA==, figureFileBig=xrutl2OGIMjXfraAK5RleA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166237921981325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of Ejiao on blood perfusion in mice with microcirculation disorders, figureFileSmall=Q2w3TpD6q4jIllfBCLK8rg==, figureFileBig=YSgdbqEsczkd6mcrmXH9ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166237984895886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=图2, caption=阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠血液灌注量的影响

注:同组内与0 min时间节点比较,**P<0.01。

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注:同组两时间节点或两组间比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=nCk+51irhi6N66gu0qUSFA==, figureFileBig=ze/RWvgJoSWdPSHwd9N4/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166239931052947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of Ejiao on inflammatory cytokines in mice with microcirculation disorders, figureFileSmall=3rVDzuTNYXQ3BALnHk2rsQ==, figureFileBig=ZKEqbxFImIX8Ph56K1+kHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166240010744724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=图5, caption=阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠炎症因子的影响

注:*P<0.05,**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=3rVDzuTNYXQ3BALnHk2rsQ==, figureFileBig=ZKEqbxFImIX8Ph56K1+kHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166240086242197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of Ejiao on pathological structures of liver and kidney in mice with microcirculation disorders, figureFileSmall=Ab9H+y25AineiS+tBER4uQ==, figureFileBig=JDyAKBDl8Fm2e0MuxgPOfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166240195294102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=图6, caption=阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠肝脏和肾脏病理学结构的影响, figureFileSmall=Ab9H+y25AineiS+tBER4uQ==, figureFileBig=JDyAKBDl8Fm2e0MuxgPOfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166240254014359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of Ejiao on organ indices in mice with microcirculation disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别脏器指数(mg/g)
肝脏脾脏肾脏心脏肺
正常组46.59±3.803.60±0.527.28±2.336.73±2.465.77±0.36
模型组51.10±3.325.21±1.91*7.78±0.937.28±0.976.17±0.39
中剂量组48.46±3.113.24±1.02#7.03±1.126.92±1.086.02±0.27
高剂量组56.02±0.644.86±1.258.02±1.307.68±1.236.03±0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240329511832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠脏器指数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别脏器指数(mg/g)
肝脏脾脏肾脏心脏肺
正常组46.59±3.803.60±0.527.28±2.336.73±2.465.77±0.36
模型组51.10±3.325.21±1.91*7.78±0.937.28±0.976.17±0.39
中剂量组48.46±3.113.24±1.02#7.03±1.126.92±1.086.02±0.27
高剂量组56.02±0.644.86±1.258.02±1.307.68±1.236.03±0.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240405009305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of Ejiao on blood rheology in mice with microcirculation disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
全血粘度低切(mPa·s)12.49±1.6217.28±1.18**13.57±1.27#15.41±1.76
全血粘度中切(mPa·s)6.56±0.859.07±0.68*7.13±0.72#8.10±0.93
全血粘度高切(mPa·s)5.25±0.717.31±0.39**5.67±0.45#6.51±0.74
血浆粘度(mPa·s)1.66±0.172.13±0.33*1.76±0.34#1.95±0.17
红细胞压积(L/L)0.53±0.040.63±0.07*0.55±0.09#0.60±0.04
血沉(mm/H)13.63±0.7412.56±0.73*13.67±1.12#13.01±0.05
纤维蛋白原(g/L)3.93±0.245.92±0.35**4.37±0.34#5.11±0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240476312474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠血液流变的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
全血粘度低切(mPa·s)12.49±1.6217.28±1.18**13.57±1.27#15.41±1.76
全血粘度中切(mPa·s)6.56±0.859.07±0.68*7.13±0.72#8.10±0.93
全血粘度高切(mPa·s)5.25±0.717.31±0.39**5.67±0.45#6.51±0.74
血浆粘度(mPa·s)1.66±0.172.13±0.33*1.76±0.34#1.95±0.17
红细胞压积(L/L)0.53±0.040.63±0.07*0.55±0.09#0.60±0.04
血沉(mm/H)13.63±0.7412.56±0.73*13.67±1.12#13.01±0.05
纤维蛋白原(g/L)3.93±0.245.92±0.35**4.37±0.34#5.11±0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240556004251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of Ejiao on vasoactive factors in mice with microcirculation disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
VEGF(ng/L)1364.14±206.341455.38±206.571328.52±204.471364.36±303.67
PAI-1(pg/mL)793.14±52.37852.95±48.74*771.88±42.02##782.27±51.91##
ET(ng/L)393.83±32.03427.89±43.91*422.59±29.07445.93±41.50
TXB2(ng/L)373.27±63.13426.30±57.32*419.88±67.65402.15±61.82
6-keto-PGF1α(pg/mL)180.30±14.15161.51±14.57*183.09±18.93#187.37±25.87#
TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α2.08±0.382.63±0.55**2.34±0.342.26±0.62
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240644084636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠血管活性因子的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
VEGF(ng/L)1364.14±206.341455.38±206.571328.52±204.471364.36±303.67
PAI-1(pg/mL)793.14±52.37852.95±48.74*771.88±42.02##782.27±51.91##
ET(ng/L)393.83±32.03427.89±43.91*422.59±29.07445.93±41.50
TXB2(ng/L)373.27±63.13426.30±57.32*419.88±67.65402.15±61.82
6-keto-PGF1α(pg/mL)180.30±14.15161.51±14.57*183.09±18.93#187.37±25.87#
TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α2.08±0.382.63±0.55**2.34±0.342.26±0.62
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240744747933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of Ejiao on metabolic factors in mice with microcirculation disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
K+(μmol/mL)8.29±0.799.42±1.338.52±0.678.75±0.85
Ca2+(μmol/mL)55.07±7.4844.88±6.63*50.94±6.7646.75±8.16
Na+/K+ ATPase(U/mL)4.34±2.981.80±0.682.83±1.622.55±1.43
Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase
(U/mL)
3.30±0.950.75±0.35**1.69±0.16#1.14±0.41
cAMP(nmol/L)103.12±7.26111.39±9.65*106.95±4.54109.05±9.88
cGMP(nmol/L)39.63±5.4338.23±3.9444.19±5.6050.61±9.48##
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240811856798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠代谢因子的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
K+(μmol/mL)8.29±0.799.42±1.338.52±0.678.75±0.85
Ca2+(μmol/mL)55.07±7.4844.88±6.63*50.94±6.7646.75±8.16
Na+/K+ ATPase(U/mL)4.34±2.981.80±0.682.83±1.622.55±1.43
Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase
(U/mL)
3.30±0.950.75±0.35**1.69±0.16#1.14±0.41
cAMP(nmol/L)103.12±7.26111.39±9.65*106.95±4.54109.05±9.88
cGMP(nmol/L)39.63±5.4338.23±3.9444.19±5.6050.61±9.48##
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240891548575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of Ejiao on neurotransmitters and hormone levels in mice with microcirculation disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
ACh(pmol/L)748.32±84.43783.83±65.45*750.46±62.97#778.06±65.45
NE(pg/mL)184.78±12.00219.70±18.48**190.73±13.65#199.21±22.92
E2(pmol/L)298.54±38.80250.24±46.26*297.64±12.44#323.28±36.99##
LH(pg/mL)4297.22±423.474596.88±661.89*4009.72±519.96#4080.56±355.73
), ArticleFig(id=1320166240979628960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠神经递质与激素水平的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称正常组模型组中剂量组高剂量组
ACh(pmol/L)748.32±84.43783.83±65.45*750.46±62.97#778.06±65.45
NE(pg/mL)184.78±12.00219.70±18.48**190.73±13.65#199.21±22.92
E2(pmol/L)298.54±38.80250.24±46.26*297.64±12.44#323.28±36.99##
LH(pg/mL)4297.22±423.474596.88±661.89*4009.72±519.96#4080.56±355.73
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阿胶对右旋糖酐诱导微循环障碍小鼠的改善作用及机制
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付雪媛 1 , 王长伟 1, * , 金玉翠 2, 3 , 顾建军 2, 3 , 冯芹 2, 3 , 刘楚怡 1 , 冯晓梅 1 , 李八方 1 , 刘海滨 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(14): 442-450
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (14) : 442 -450
阿胶对右旋糖酐诱导微循环障碍小鼠的改善作用及机制
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付雪媛(1990−),女,硕士研究生,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品研究与开发,E-mail:

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付雪媛(1990−),女,硕士研究生,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品研究与开发,E-mail:

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3国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心,山东聊城 252201, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166231777325897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231785714506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231777325897, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Dong'e Ejiao Co., Ltd., Shandong Key Laboratory of Gelatine Medicines Research and Development, Liaocheng 252201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231798297419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231777325897, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2东阿阿胶股份有限公司山东省胶类药物研究与开发重点实验室,山东聊城 252201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166231877989196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231886377805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231877989196, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3National Engineering Technology Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng 252201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166231894766414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166227528495927, companyId=1320166231877989196, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心,山东聊城 252201)])])]
付雪媛1 , 王长伟1, * , 金玉翠2, 3, 顾建军2, 3, 冯芹2, 3, 刘楚怡1, 冯晓梅1, 李八方1, 刘海滨2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1青岛海洋生物医药研究院,山东青岛 266071
  • 2东阿阿胶股份有限公司山东省胶类药物研究与开发重点实验室,山东聊城 252201
  • 3国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心,山东聊城 252201
通讯作者:
王长伟(1983−),女,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向:生物活性肽研究与开发,E-mail:。
刘海滨(1980−),男,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:中药现代化研究及新药研发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

付雪媛(1990−),女,硕士研究生,高级工程师,研究方向:功能食品研究与开发,E-mail:

Ameliorative Effect and Mechanism of Ejiao in Mice with Dextran-induced Microcirculation Disorders
Xueyuan FU1 , Changwei WANG1, * , Yucui JIN2, 3, Jianjun GU2, 3, Qin FENG2, 3, Chuyi LIU1, Xiaomei FENG1, Bafang LI1, Haibin LIU2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
  • 2Dong'e Ejiao Co., Ltd., Shandong Key Laboratory of Gelatine Medicines Research and Development, Liaocheng 252201, China
  • 3National Engineering Technology Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaocheng 252201, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060241
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目的:探究阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠的改善作用及其潜在机制。方法:选取雌性ICR小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组和阿胶中(1.5 g/kg)、高剂量组(3 g/kg),经尾静脉注射右旋糖酐构建微循环障碍模型。采用激光散斑仪监测小鼠耳廓实时血液灌注量,体视显微镜观测耳廓毛细血管开放数,血液流变仪检测小鼠血液流变学指标,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测小鼠血管活性相关因子、代谢相关因子、神经递质、激素水平、炎症因子水平,阐明作用机制,对肝脏、肾脏进行病理学观察。结果:阿胶中剂量组各时间节点(15、30 min)较0 min的血液灌注量显著升高36.76%和36.02%(P<0.01),中、高剂量组小鼠毛细血管开放数较模型组显著增加34.61%和38.46%(P<0.01);血液流变性结果显示,模型组全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原指标较正常组显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01),血沉显著性下降(P<0.05),阿胶中剂量组各项指标具有显著性改善(P<0.05);相较于模型组,阿胶中、高剂量可显著降低纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)(P<0.01),并显著升高前列环素稳定代谢产物(6-keto-PGF1α)水平(P<0.05),表明其可能通过调节血管功能促进血液微循环;同时,阿胶中、高剂量组较模型组的钙镁腺苷三磷酸酶(Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase)和环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)水平得到提升,提示其可能通过增强能量代谢缓解微循环障碍;阿胶组小鼠的神经递质乙酰胆碱(ACh)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)以及激素雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平更趋于正常组,表明其对神经递质和激素水平紊乱具有调节作用;炎症因子检测进一步发现,阿胶中剂量可显著降低肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平(P<0.05),从而减轻微循环障碍相关炎症反应;病理学观察显示,阿胶干预后可减轻小鼠肝肾组织损伤,促进结构修复。结论:阿胶中剂量可显著缓解微循环障碍,其作用机制可能与调节血管活性因子、纠正能量代谢紊乱、恢复神经递质和激素水平以及抑制炎症反应相关,本研究为阿胶在改善微循环障碍中的作用提供了科学依据。

阿胶  /  微循环障碍  /  血液流变性  /  血管活性因子  /  能量代谢

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of donkey-hide gelatin (Ejiao) in alleviating microcirculatory disorders in mice and explored its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Female ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: Healthy control, model, Ejiao mid-dose (1.5 g/kg), and Ejiao high-dose (3 g/kg). A microcirculatory disorder model was established by injecting dextran into the tail vein. Real-time blood perfusion in the auricles was continuously monitored using a laser speckle flowmetry system. The number of functional capillaries was assessed under a stereomicroscope, and hemorheological parameters were quantified using a hemorheometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure levels of vascular activity- and metabolism-related factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, and inflammatory cytokines to elucidate the potential mechanisms. Additionally, histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys were assessed. Results: In the mid-dose Ejiao group, auricular blood perfusion levels at 15 and 30 minutes increased significantly by 36.76% and 36.02%, respectively, compared to that at baseline (0 min) (P<0.01). Furthermore, at 30 minutes, both the mid- and high-dose Ejiao groups exhibited significant increases in the number of open capillaries by 34.61% and 38.46%, respectively, compared to that in the model group (P<0.01). Hemorheological analysis revealed that the model group had significantly elevated levels of whole-blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and fibrinogen (P<0.05 or P<0.01), along with a reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P<0.05). In contrast, the mid-dose Ejiao group showed significant improvement in these parameters (P<0.05). Both mid- and high-dose Ejiao treatments significantly decreased the level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (P<0.01) and markedly increased the level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, a stable metabolite of prostacyclin (P<0.05), compared to that in the model group, suggesting a potential role of Ejiao in modulating vascular function. Additionally, both Ejiao-treated groups showed increased levels of Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, indicating that Ejiao might alleviate microcirculatory disorders by enhancing energy metabolism. The levels of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine, as well as the hormones estradiol and luteinizing hormone, were closer to those of the healthy group in Ejiao-treated mice, indicating regulatory effects on neuroendocrine imbalances. Inflammatory factor analysis demonstrated that mid-dose Ejiao significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β (P<0.05), thereby mitigating inflammation associated with microcirculatory disorders. Histopathological observations further confirmed that Ejiao treatment alleviated tissue damage and promoted structural recovery in the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Mid-dose Ejiao effectively alleviated microcirculatory disorders by modulating vascular activity, correcting metabolic imbalances, restoring neuroendocrine homeostasis, and suppressing inflammatory responses. These findings provide strong scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of Ejiao for the treatment of microcirculatory disorders.

Ejiao  /  microcirculatory disorders  /  blood rheology  /  vascular activity-related factors  /  energy metabolism
付雪媛, 王长伟, 金玉翠, 顾建军, 冯芹, 刘楚怡, 冯晓梅, 李八方, 刘海滨. 阿胶对右旋糖酐诱导微循环障碍小鼠的改善作用及机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 442 -450 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060241
Xueyuan FU, Changwei WANG, Yucui JIN, Jianjun GU, Qin FENG, Chuyi LIU, Xiaomei FENG, Bafang LI, Haibin LIU. Ameliorative Effect and Mechanism of Ejiao in Mice with Dextran-induced Microcirculation Disorders[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 442 -450 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060241
微循环被定义为由直径小于100 μm的小血管组成的分支网络,其中包括小动脉、毛细血管和小静脉,这些血管加起来占人体血管系统的90%以上[1]。作为物质交换的重要场所,微循环参与多项人体生理过程,有“第二心脏”之称[2],它负责向组织输送氧气和营养物质,并清除代谢废物。除此以外,人体微循环在调节血管张力、免疫反应、内分泌调节、体温控制等方面发挥重要作用[3]。微循环障碍是一组复杂的病理过程,表现为血管舒缩反应异常、红细胞流速降低、白细胞与内皮细胞相互作用改变、微血管出血、血小板聚集与血栓形成等[4]。研究表明,微血管功能障碍是许多急危重症常见的病理基础,其中包括心肌梗死、中风、急性呼吸窘迫综合征等[5],在糖尿病患者中,微循环障碍是导致糖尿病肾病、视网膜病变和神经病变等微血管并发症的关键因素[6],脑部发生微循环障碍会破坏血脑屏障,造成神经元损伤[7]。
阿胶是我国首批“药食同源”组分,自古以来被列为名贵中药,有长达数千年的药用历史,据古代中药学典籍《神农本草经》和《本草纲目》记载,阿胶具有抗衰老功效。此外,阿胶具有多重保健作用,不仅能改善四肢酸痛无力等症状,还能补气养阴,其特别显著的疗效体现在促进血液循环、调理贫血等方面[8]。现代研究表明,阿胶主要成分为蛋白质及其分解产物,含有70.66%的氨基酸,这些氨基酸是胶原蛋白水解产物,同时含有多种生物活性成分,如微量元素、生物活性肽、硫酸软骨素、透明质酸[9]。目前关于阿胶补血、抗贫血、抗菌抗炎、免疫调节、缓解体力疲劳等方面的功效已经得到验证,研究表明,阿胶可明显升高血虚证小鼠血细胞数目及血红蛋白水平[10],阿胶在治疗血虚,特别是女性补血方面应用广泛,其主要作用为滋养血液,在改善贫血方面具有一定的潜力[11]。与传统药物相比,阿胶具有副作用小、全身调理且配伍灵活等优势,因此对于开发此类功能性食品和药品具有重要意义。
目前,针对微循环障碍的治疗策略主要包括改善微血管功能、降低血液粘稠度、抗血栓以及对原发疾病的控制等。例如,使用他汀类药物,ACE抑制剂、抗凝血等药物可能改善内皮功能和微循环灌注[12];使用抗炎药物以减轻炎症反应,降低血管通透性,从而改善微循环。但西药疗法存在一定副作用,如血压降低、胃肠道出血等[13],近年来,采用中医或饮食疗法改善微循环障碍得到了关注。研究表明,甘草三参汤可以改善微循环障碍小鼠的血液流变性[7],桃仁对不同病因所致的血液循环障碍具有一定疗效[14]。关于阿胶对甲襞微循环的作用得到了初步的研究,该研究表明服用阿胶60 d后可改善甲襞微循环异常人群的血液流速,降低总积分值[15],但是关于阿胶对血液灌注量、血管活性因子、血液流变性的影响未深入研究,对微循环障碍的改善作用机制未进行深入探讨。右旋糖酐是葡萄糖聚合成的大分子多糖,静脉给药后会显著提高全血及血浆黏度,减缓血流速度,阻碍微循环血流灌注,影响血小板聚集或凝血因子功能,还可能激活纤溶系统,引发凝血异常,进一步加重微循环血流紊乱[16]。本文在前期研究的基础上,利用动物实验系统研究了阿胶对右旋糖酐致微循环障碍小鼠的影响及其潜在作用机制,为微循环障碍的改善途径提供了新的借鉴和依据。
阿胶 东阿阿胶股份有限公司;右旋糖酐(MW500000) 源叶生物科技有限公司;SPF级雌性ICR小鼠(18~20 g,40只) 济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司[许可证号:SCXK(鲁)20190003];HT系列血流变清洗液B、HT系列血流变清洗液C 淄博嘉拓商贸有限公司;血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1(PAI-1)、血管内皮素(ET)、血栓素稳定代谢产物(TXB2)、前列环素稳定代谢产物(6-keto-PGF1α)、血钙离子(Ca2+)、血钾离子(K+)、钠钾腺苷三磷酸酶(Na+/K+ ATPase)、钙镁腺苷三磷酸酶(Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL-1β)ELISA检测试剂盒 青岛中西生物科技有限公司;戊巴比妥钠 北京北实纵横科技发展有限公司;苏木素-伊红(HE)染液 武汉博尔夫生物科技有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
HT-100A型血液流变仪 淄博恒拓分析仪器有限公司;Perimed AB 2010型激光散斑仪 瑞典Perimed公司;XTL-7045TW1-700HD型体视显微镜 苏州倍特嘉光电科技有限公司;Multiskan SkyHigh型全波长酶标仪 美国赛默飞有限公司;MS105DΜ型十万分之一天平 特勒托利多仪器有限公司;HistoCore BIOCUT型病理切片机 上海徕卡仪器有限公司;NIKON ECLIPSE CI型光学显微镜 日本尼康株式会社;5424R离心机 德国Eppendorf股份公司。
本实验动物伦理审查批文号为E-MBWM-2024-28。实验选用SPF级雌性ICR小鼠,适应性饲养3 d后随机分为四组(n=10):正常对照组、模型组、阿胶中剂量组(1.5 g/kg/d)及高剂量组(3 g/kg/d)。采用灌胃给药,正常组和模型组每日灌胃生理盐水,连续灌胃6周。灌胃4周后,模型组和阿胶组通过尾静脉注射10%高分子右旋糖酐(MW500000,10 mL/kg)建立微循环障碍模型[16],隔日注射1次,持续2周,正常组同期注射等量生理盐水作为对照。
每周测定小鼠体重变化。实验结束后,经眼眶静脉丛采血处死动物,分离肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏及肺组织并称重,计算各脏器指数。计算公式:脏器指数(mg/g)=小鼠脏器质量(mg)/小鼠体重(g)。
在石玉婷等[17]方法的基础上进行调整。首次造模时(阿胶干预4周后),小鼠经腹腔注射1%戊巴比妥钠(0.05 mL/10 g)麻醉,将其耳廓展平固定于耳托上。麻醉稳定后,经尾静脉注射10%右旋糖酐,同时采用激光散斑成像系统动态监测耳廓微循环血流变化,相机置于耳垂上方约15 cm处,采集密度为高。分别在右旋糖酐注射前(0 min)及注射后5、15、30 min进行检测,每次以1帧/s的采样频率连续采集1 min的血流灌注数据。
参照王方等[18]的方法进行调整。在监测血液灌注量的同时,采用体视显微镜观察小鼠耳廓毛细血管开放数。分别在右旋糖酐注射前(0 min)和注射后30 min两个时间点,记录毛细血管开放数量,评估微循环状态。
参照王玉惠[7]的方法进行。实验结束时,通过眼眶静脉丛采集小鼠血液样本。将部分血液转移至EDTA抗凝管中,室温条件下轻柔颠倒混匀,确保充分抗凝。随后进行样本质量检查,排除溶血等异常情况,经确认合格的样本立即使用血液流变仪进行相关指标检测。
小鼠经眼眶静脉丛取血后,将部分血液收集于采血管中,离心后获得血清,ELISA方法检测血清中血管活性因子VEGF、PAI-1、ET、TXB2、6-keto-PGF1α含量,并计算TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α数值。
取小鼠血清,按照ELISA试剂盒说明测定代谢相关因子K+、Ca2+、Na+/K+ ATPase、Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase、cAMP、cGMP水平。
取小鼠血清,按照ELISA试剂盒说明测定神经递质ACh、NE水平以及激素E2、LH水平。
取小鼠血清,按照ELISA试剂盒说明测定炎症相关因子TNF-α、IL-1β水平。
参照宋国超等[10]的方法,小鼠处死后,检查各脏器是否存在出血点,将肝脏和肾脏组织立即置于4%多聚甲醛中固定,随后对肝、肾组织进行石蜡包埋、切片及HE染色,透明和封固,通过光学显微镜观察比较各组间的组织病理学改变。
采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,以平均值±标准差表示;两组间比较采用t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
阿胶对微循环障碍小鼠体重及脏器指数的影响结果见图1和表1。体重变化趋势显示(图1),实验1~4周各组小鼠体重均持续增长,5~6周造模后,模型组和阿胶剂量组体重增幅低于正常组,但不具备显著性(P>0.05),体重增幅减缓可能是因右旋糖酐的作用下引发代谢紊乱、炎症反应及脏器功能障碍所致[19],而阿胶中剂量组的体重较模型组有所改善,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阿胶高剂量干预下,体重增长不及中剂量组,两组之间未呈现显著性差异(P>0.05)。脏器指数分析(表1)表明,模型组脾脏指数较正常组显著升高约44.72%(P<0.05),提示微循环障碍可能引发脾脏肿大,而阿胶干预组,特别是中剂量组能显著降低脾脏指数约37.81%(P<0.05);此外,阿胶中剂量组肝脏、心脏、肾脏和肺的脏器指数均与正常组接近。研究表明,微循环障碍导致的局部缺血可激活炎症反应和免疫细胞增殖,进而引起脾脏增大[17]。本研究结果提示阿胶能够正向调节微循环障碍小鼠的脾脏指数,对此课题组进行了后续深入研究。
微循环血流灌注是保障组织稳态的核心要素,其功能障碍可引发组织缺氧及代谢紊乱,从而导致细胞损伤。耳廓微循环因其独特的解剖学特征,可作为研究全身微循环状态的理想模型。小鼠耳廓表皮层较薄、微血管网呈二维分布且位置表浅,这些特性对微血管形态和功能的精确评估具有显著优势[20]。结果如图2所示,正常组在观察期间血流灌注保持稳定(P>0.05),而模型组在右旋糖酐注射后5 min即出现显著血液灌注量下降(P<0.01),降幅达到30.31%,15 min时达到最低值,30 min时虽部分恢复但仍显著低于0 min时数值(P<0.01)。值得注意的是,阿胶干预组表现出对右旋糖酐致血液灌注量降低的保护效应:高剂量组在注射后15 min内与0 min时数值无显著差异,且中剂量组在15~30 min时段较注射前的血液灌注量呈现出显著上升趋势(P<0.01),增幅分别达到36.76%和36.02%。高分子右旋糖酐进入血液后会提高血浆黏度,降低血液流速,从而减少血液灌注量;研究表明,阿胶和阿胶肽可以减少血管内皮细胞氧化损伤,同时促进血管内皮细胞迁移率并降低炎症因子水平,其中血管内皮细胞的迁移和增殖可促进血管网络增加,提升血液灌注效率,炎症因子会损伤血管内皮,从而影响血液流变[20],因此推测阿胶通过保护血管内皮活性、抗氧化和抗炎作用促进小鼠血液灌注量恢复,对此课题组在后续研究中进行了相关机制的探讨。值得注意的是,模型组与阿胶中剂量组在0 min的初始血液灌注水平略高于正常组,考虑为实验小鼠个体生物学差异所致。其中,阿胶中剂量组在造模前(0 min)即表现出较高的基础灌注水平,提示前4周的阿胶中剂量干预可能通过长期调节改善了小鼠的基础微循环功能。
图3为各组小鼠耳廓微循环的激光散斑血流成像特征。正常组小鼠在整个观察期间耳缘静脉血流稳定,成像呈现均匀的蓝色调;模型组在右旋糖酐注射前显示明亮的红黄色血流信号,注射5 min后即转为明显的蓝色调(提示血流减少),且这种低灌注状态持续至15 min,30 min时仅部分缓解。阿胶干预组表现出显著的保护作用:中剂量组在注射后5~30 min内始终保持红黄色高灌注状态,高剂量组在5~15 min期间也维持了基础血流水平。研究表明,阿胶在特定浓度下能够保护血管内皮细胞,促进血管新生增多,降低炎症反应[21];不同剂量的阿胶对血虚证小鼠的血液成分改善存在差异,其效果存在剂量依赖性[10]。以上结果证实阿胶能有效拮抗右旋糖酐诱导的微循环障碍,且中剂量显示出较好的改善效果,这可能与其在改善血液流变学和调节血管反应性方面存在最佳剂量效应有关。
微循环毛细血管网络作为组织氧供和物质交换的关键结构,其功能障碍将直接影响组织代谢稳态,研究表明,微循环障碍小鼠的毛细血管开放数显著性降低[22]。本研究结果显示(图4A),在右旋糖酐注射前,各组小鼠耳缘静脉毛细血管密度无显著差异;造模30 min后,模型组毛细血管开放数较0 min时显著降低(P<0.05),降幅达到21.21%,而阿胶中、高剂量组显著优于模型组(P<0.01),增幅分别达到34.61%和38.46%。实时影像观察(图4B)进一步证实:模型组小鼠耳缘静脉呈现特征性缺血改变(表现为组织苍白、红润度下降),而阿胶干预组则保持正常的微血管形态(表现为耳缘红润,血管分叉明显,脉络清晰)。以上结果说明,阿胶能显著增加微循环障碍下的毛细血管开放数,从而有效保护微循环毛细血管网络的完整性。
血液流变性是微循环学的重要组成,当机体发生微循环障碍时,血液常出现流变性异常,表现为血液黏稠度增高、流动性降低及易凝聚等特征[23]。实验结果如表2所示,与正常组比较,模型组的全血粘度(低、中、高切)、血浆粘度及纤维蛋白原水平均显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),同时伴随血沉显著降低(P<0.05)。中剂量组能显著改善上述异常指标(P<0.05),包括降低全血粘度各切变率值(降幅分别为21.46%、21.39%、22.44%)、血浆粘度(降幅17.37%)、纤维蛋白原(降幅26.18%)及红细胞压积(降幅12.70%),并提升血沉速率(增幅8.83%);而高剂量组仅表现出改善趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,阿胶中剂量干预可有效调节微循环障碍小鼠的血液流变学特性,其作用主要体现在:显著改善血液黏滞状态(降低全血及血浆粘度)、调节红细胞相关参数(降低压积、提升血沉速率)以及减少纤维蛋白原含量。
血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)主要参与血管生成、神经保护、炎症反应等过程,具有促进血管通透性增加、血管形成等作用,微循环障碍时会反馈性增加VEGF合成;PAI-1全称是纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1,其水平升高可导致纤维蛋白溶解活性降低,从而增加血栓的形成;血管内皮素(ET)是一种缩血管因子,其水平异常升高会导致微血管收缩、局部供血不足;TXB2(血栓素B2)为血栓素TXA2(血栓素A2)的降解产物,会促进血管收缩,导致微循环障碍;6-keto-PGF1α是前列环素(PGI2)的稳定代谢产物,参与调节血管通透性、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖等生理过程,在维持血管稳态和生理功能中发挥着至关重要的作用;TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α比值升高易于导致血小板聚集、血栓形成,促使微循环障碍[24−25]。由表3可知,相较于正常组,模型组血清中PAI-1、ET、TXB2、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α水平显著性升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),6-keto-PGF1α水平显著性下降(P<0.05),阿胶中高剂量组相较于模型组可显著性降低PAI-1水平(P<0.01),降幅分别为9.50%和8.29%,并显著性升高6-keto-PGF1α水平约13.36%(P<0.05),对VEGF、ET、TXB2、TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α亦存在一定的逆转效果,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。以上结果说明,阿胶可通过降低PAI-1及升高6-keto-PGF1α水平来改善血管内皮功能,从而改善微循环障碍。
微循环障碍下,血容量和血流状态可能发生改变,导致血钾含量升高,同时因有效循环血量减少,会导致血钙水平下降[26];微循环障碍会导致组织供氧不足,引发能量代谢紊乱,如有氧化受阻,糖无氧酵解增强,乳酸生成增多,而ATP生成减少,细胞膜上的Na+/K+ ATPase、Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase活性受到抑制[27]。环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)是细胞内参与调节物质代谢和生物学功能的重要物质,在微循环障碍时,如脑缺血-再灌注损伤,cAMP含量增加,cGMP含量减少[28]。由表4可知,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠的血清Ca2+含量、Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase活性显著性降低18.50%和77.27%(P<0.05,P<0.01),cAMP显著性升高8.02%(P<0.05),血K+浓度有上升趋势,Na+/K+ ATPase有降低趋势,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与模型组相比,中剂量组可显著性升高Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase活性约2.25倍(P<0.05),高剂量组可显著性升高cGMP的浓度(P<0.01),增幅为32.38%;此外,阿胶剂量组有升高Na+/K+ ATPase活性的趋势,并有降低血钾浓度,升高血钙浓度的趋势,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,阿胶能在一定程度上改善微循环障碍下的K+、Ca2+水平,恢复Na+/K+ ATPase和Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase活性,并使cAMP和cGMP水平趋于正常,从而改善微循环障碍下的能量代谢异常。
乙酰胆碱(ACh)是一种神经递质,通常具有舒张血管的作用,微循环障碍时,对血管的作用由原本的舒张作用转变为收缩作用,这种变化可能加重微循环障碍。去甲肾上腺素(NE)是一种α受体激动剂,能收缩血管,在微循环障碍下,NE的释放进一步加重微循环障碍[29]。研究表明雌激素能够有效保护血管,通过作用于血管壁调控内皮细胞功能,围绝经期女性体内雌二醇(E2)水平与血瘀证呈负相关[30]。促黄体生成素(LH)是腺垂体分泌的一种糖蛋白激素,对女性的卵泡发育成熟和排卵有重要作用,微循环障碍会影响卵巢的血流供应,进而干扰LH的正常分泌和调节[31]。由表5可知,相较于正常组,模型组小鼠ACh和NE含量分别显著性升高4.75%和18.90%(P<0.05,P<0.01),阿胶中剂量组可显著性降低ACh及NE含量(P<0.05),降幅分别为4.25%和13.19%。激素水平检测结果表明,阿胶中高剂量可逆转微循环障碍带来的E2水平下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),增幅为18.94%和29.19%,同时中剂量可恢复LH至接近于正常值(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,阿胶改善微循环障碍的机制之一可能是通过有效调控ACh和NE水平来实现,同时可使小鼠雌激素E2和LH趋于正常水平,进而起到血管保护作用。
微循环障碍的本质在于细胞增殖所需的营养供给不足及代谢产物清除障碍,当这种局部微循环异常遭遇病原体侵袭时,可促进组织器官发生炎症反应,而炎症反应本身也是微循环障碍的重要病理机制,二者形成恶性循环。研究表明炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β可诱导血管内皮细胞表达黏附分子(如ICAM-1、VCAM-1),促进白细胞(如中性粒细胞、单核细胞)黏附于血管壁,血管通透性异常增加,导致血浆外渗、血液浓缩,进而影响微循环血流[32]。结果如图5示,与正常组相比,模型组炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β分别显著性升高8.73%和23.76%(P<0.05,P<0.01),说明在右旋糖酐干预形成的微循环障碍模型下,小鼠体内出现一定程度炎症反应;与模型组相比,阿胶剂量组的TNF-α和IL-1β的含量均降低,且阿胶中剂量组使TNF-α和IL-1β显著性下降7.75%和18.12%(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,阿胶可通过抑制炎症反应改善微循环障碍。
病理学观察结果显示,各组实验动物的主要脏器(肝、肾、脾、皮肤及心脏)均未发现肉眼可见的出血点。当肝脏出现微循环障碍时,肝细胞的能量代谢会受到阻碍,导致代谢过程无法正常进行,毒素也会在肝脏内逐渐积累,进一步加剧了肝细胞的损伤[16]。通过对肝脏组织切片进行观察发现(图6):正常组小鼠其肝小叶的组织结构保持较为完整的状态,细胞之间的边界清晰可辨,细胞核完整无缺,并未发现小叶结构有改变的迹象,同时肝内也无明显出血情况;模型组小鼠肝脏则呈现出中度气球样变性,细胞结构变得紊乱无序,边界模糊,伴随轻度炎细胞浸润的现象;中剂量组的肝脏形态与正常组较为接近,肝小叶结构完整,同样未出现肝内出血的情况,气球样变性的症状也得到了显著改善。
肾脏的微循环是一个复杂精妙的微血管网络,其功能发生病理改变会致使肾脏微血管的血流灌注水平降低,从而引发微血流动力学紊乱[33]。从肾脏病理学检测的结果来看,正常组小鼠的肾小球组织结构完整,肾小球与肾小管排列得整齐有序,毛细血管没有明显的扩张情况,间质内也不存在点状出血,无变性、坏死的现象;模型组小鼠的肾皮质系膜基质明显增厚,出现了空泡变性,而且在部分间质区域,还能观察到炎症细胞浸润的情况;中剂量组和高剂量组的肾小球结构相对完整,仅存在轻度的空泡变性以及间质炎性细胞浸润,毛细血管未出现明显扩张。以上结果说明,微循环障碍下,小鼠的肝脏和肾脏出现实质性损伤和改变,阿胶对肝脏和肾脏的病理学结构起到一定程度的保护作用,从而维持正常脏器功能。
本研究采用尾静脉注射右旋糖酐构建微循环障碍小鼠模型,研究不同浓度阿胶对微循环障碍的作用及其机制,结果发现,中剂量干预下可显著提升小鼠的耳廓血液灌注量及毛细血管开放数,这与血液流变学指标的检测结果一致。通过机制研究发现,阿胶改善微循环障碍通过多维度协同发挥作用,分别为调节血管活性因子(降低PAI-1、升高6-keto-PGF1α)、增强能量代谢(升高Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase、Na+/K+ ATPase及cGMP)、平衡神经-内分泌(调节ACh、NE、E2、LH)、抑制炎症反应(降低TNF-α和IL-1β),同时保护肝肾结构。值得注意的是,中剂量阿胶在改善血液灌注、毛细血管开放数及多项机制指标上效果优于高剂量,推测其原因可能是高剂量下阿胶中大分子成分会增加血液黏稠度、或过量成分引发机体代偿性调节,另外,中剂量更能精准调控PAI-1/6-keto-PGF1α平衡及cGMP信号通路的适度激活,避免高剂量下能量代谢调节过度导致的细胞功能紊乱,该现象与中药“双向调节”特性及剂量窗效应一致[34],提示阿胶改善微循环的最佳剂量需兼顾有效性与安全性的平衡。
研究表明,多种中药或药食同源组分对微循环障碍具有调节作用。例如丹参茎叶的酚酸和黄酮部位在200 mg/kg/d剂量下可有效调节右旋糖酐诱导的微循环障碍[1],该研究采用羟苯磺酸钙作为阳性对照,此药物是改善微循环障碍的临床常用药物,在100 mg/kg/d剂量下可以有效发挥促进微循环作用,其作用机制包括调节血管活性物质、炎症因子、改善凝血功能等,本研究中阿胶发挥微循环改善效果的机制与羟苯磺酸钙类似,因此可能与羟苯磺酸钙具有相似的作用途径,但本研究的有效作用剂量为1.5 g/kg/d,究其原因是阿胶作为一种混合物,其发挥作用的成分尚未得到有效提纯和提炼,因此在高于一般药物数倍的剂量下尚有作用,该剂量与阿胶每日推荐摄入量(3~9 g/d)[35]一致,提示在该剂量下,按照推荐摄入量长期摄入阿胶,可在一定程度上改善血液微循环。本研究填补了阿胶在微循环领域作用机制研究的空白,为后续阿胶相关药理机制研究提供了基础,同时也为改善微循环障碍相关功能食品领域的开发应用提供了科学依据。
本研究尚存在一定局限性,一方面采用雌性小鼠构建微循环障碍模型,未纳入雄性小鼠进行对照研究,雄性小鼠体内雌激素水平较低且调控通路不同,阿胶对雄性小鼠的激素调节效果及后续微循环改善作用可能与雌性小鼠存在差异;另一方面,本研究采用尾静脉注射右旋糖酐构建的微循环障碍模型,属于急性微循环堵塞模型,其病理机制主要为血液黏稠度骤升导致的急性微血栓形成与血流灌注不足,与临床常见的糖尿病性微循环障碍、脑缺血性微循环障碍等慢性疾病的病理特征存在显著差异。在未来研究中,应同步补充雄性小鼠进行实验,对比阿胶对不同性别小鼠微循环、激素、血管活性因子及能量代谢的调控差异;同时可针对性研究阿胶对不同微循环病症的作用,如糖尿病性微循环障碍、脑缺血性微循环障碍等,深入分析其关键信号通路和核心作用成分。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060241
  • 接收时间:2025-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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    1青岛海洋生物医药研究院,山东青岛 266071
    2东阿阿胶股份有限公司山东省胶类药物研究与开发重点实验室,山东聊城 252201
    3国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心,山东聊城 252201

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王长伟(1983−),女,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向:生物活性肽研究与开发,E-mail:。
刘海滨(1980−),男,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:中药现代化研究及新药研发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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