Article(id=1320166308570841274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060240, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750348800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681775466, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681775466, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681775466, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681775466, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=326, endPage=335, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166308809916603, articleId=1320166308570841274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Characteristic Aroma Compounds in Six Camellia oleifera Seed Oils, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To screen Camellia oleifera germplasm resources with rich aroma profiles, the aroma components of six cold-pressed Camellia oleifera seed oils were compared, with 'Cenruan 2' serving as the control, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by integrating aroma radar charts, relative odor activity values (ROAV), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the aroma quality of the Camellia oleifera seed oils derived from the six superior seedlings was superior to that of 'Cenruan 2'. A total of 30 aroma compounds were identified. Among them, 'Heizi 2' exhibited the most diverse aroma types and the highest total aroma content. Notably, its aldehyde content, predominantly furfural, was significantly higher than that of the other C. oleifera seed oils. The seed oils of 'Daguo', 'Heizi 1', and 'Heizi 2' had similar and relatively high contents of pyrazine compounds, and all were rich in 2-methylpyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. In contrast, 'Cenruan 2' had fewer types and lower contents of all aroma compounds. The aroma radar chart indicated that 'Heizi 2' presented a combination of almond, roasted nut, floral-fruity, and grassy aroma, therefore exhibiting intense and diverse aroma characteristics; 'Daguo' was dominated by a fruity aroma; 'Heizi 1' emphasized roasted nut and floral-fruity aromas; 'Heizi 3' and 'Gaoyou' were primarily characterized by fruity aroma; 'Honghua 1' exhibited floral, fruity, almond, and roasted nut aromas, which were less intense than those of 'Heizi 2'. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 'Heizi 2' had the highest comprehensive score, followed by 'Heizi 1' and 'Daguo'. In conclusion, all six superior seedling strains exhibited excellent aroma quality, among which 'Heizi 2', with its rich aroma profile, can serve as high-quality material for the breeding of aroma-type Camellia oleifera.

, authors=Ruonan LIU1, 2, Chunsheng TAN3, Jianyou GAO1, Kaiyu YE1, Rongxiang ZHU1, Liming XIA1, Cuixia LIU1, *, Faming WANG1, *, authorsList=Ruonan LIU, Chunsheng TAN, Jianyou GAO, Kaiyu YE, Rongxiang ZHU, Liming XIA, Cuixia LIU, Faming WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Cuixia LIU, Faming WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166311905312968, articleId=1320166308570841274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=6种油茶籽油特征香气物质分析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为筛选香气品质优良的油茶资源,以‘岑软2号’作为对照,比较冷榨法提取的6种油茶籽油香气成分,并结合香气雷达图、相对气味活度值和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明:6种实生优株茶籽油香气品质均优于‘岑软2号’。研究共鉴定出30种香气物质。其中‘黑籽2号’香气种类最丰富且总含量最高,其醛类物质(以糠醛为主)含量显著高于其他油茶籽油;‘大果’、‘黑籽1号’和‘黑籽2号’吡嗪类物质含量较高且相近,均富含2-甲基吡嗪和2,5-二甲基吡嗪;‘岑软2号’各类香气物质种类及含量均较低。香气雷达图显示:‘黑籽2号’兼具杏仁香、烤坚果香、花果香和青草香,香气浓郁且香型丰富;‘大果’以果香为主,‘黑籽1号’侧重烤坚果香与花果香,‘黑籽3号’和‘高油’以果香为主,‘红花1号’虽呈花香、果香、杏仁香和烤坚果香,但不如‘黑籽2号’浓郁。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)表明‘黑籽2号’综合得分最高,其次为‘黑籽1号’和‘大果’。综上,6种实生优株均具优良香气品质,其中‘黑籽2号’可作为香型油茶品种选育的优质材料。

, authors=刘若男1, 2, 谭春生3, 高建有1, 叶开玉1, 朱荣香1, 夏黎明1, 刘翠霞1, *, 王发明1, *, authorsList=刘若男, 谭春生, 高建有, 叶开玉, 朱荣香, 夏黎明, 刘翠霞, 王发明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘翠霞, 王发明, authorNote=

刘若男(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果实香气品质形成机制,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘翠霞(1987−),女,博士,研究方向:果实香气品质形成机制,E-mail:。
王发明(1979−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:落叶果树和特色经济植物种质资源收集评价和种质创新等,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/y64dpYi4trPnD1jtZko2A==, magXml=MUH0CJdXzjRn5VkfozAScA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Z2v2B36s02i1t+/aBWbVog==, pdfFileSize=2296049, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GLEXXj4x1h+eQepQGXq7UA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7jtKprLGQ01bFpL876rbBQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166312513487059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15576931508@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166312605761750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, authorId=1320166312513487059, language=EN, stringName=Ruonan LIU, firstName=Ruonan, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
2College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320166312693842135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, authorId=1320166312513487059, language=CN, stringName=刘若男, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西桂林 541006
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, 69(32): 9043−9055., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320166327168385360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张欢欢, 张玲, 黄桃翠, 等. 油菜籽品种对浓香菜籽油风味的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(2): 187−194. [ZHANG Huanhuan, ZHANG Ling, HUANG Taocui, et al. Effects of rapeseed varieties on the flavour of fragrant rapeseed oil[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(2): 187−194.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320166327231299921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Huanhuan, ZHANG Ling, HUANG Taocui, et al. Effects of rapeseed varieties on the flavour of fragrant rapeseed oil[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(2): 187−194., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320166327290020178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶敏倩, 吴峰华, 芮鸿飞, 等. 不同产地油茶籽油主要特征组分分析[J]. 食品科学, 2020, 41(20): 222−226. [YE Minqian, WU Fenghua, RUI Hongfei, et al. Comparative analysis of major characteristic components of tea seed oils (Camellia oleifera Abel.) from different geographic regions[J]. Food Science, 2020, 41(20): 222−226.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320166327357129043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE Minqian, WU Fenghua, RUI Hongfei, et al. Comparative analysis of major characteristic components of tea seed oils (Camellia oleifera Abel.) from different geographic regions[J]. Food Science, 2020, 41(20): 222−226., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166312173748425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166312182137034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, companyId=1320166312173748425, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166312190525643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, companyId=1320166312173748425, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西桂林 541006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166312266023116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166312278606029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, companyId=1320166312266023116, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166312286994638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, companyId=1320166312266023116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首 416000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166312362492111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166312370880720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, companyId=1320166312362492111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Guilin Camellia Island Floriculture Germplasm Co., Ltd., Guilin 541006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166312433795281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, companyId=1320166312362492111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3桂林市茶花岛花卉种源有限公司,广西桂林 541006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166316904923397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Pictures of six superior aromatic seedling strains of Camellia oleifera seeds, figureFileSmall=D4JrqH9CKi3StNYSeYaG1Q==, figureFileBig=GLEXXj4x1h+eQepQGXq7UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166316959449350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=图1, caption=6种实生优株油茶籽图片

注:A.‘黑籽1号’;B.‘黑籽2号’;C.‘黑籽3号’;D.‘红花1号’;E.‘大果’;F.‘高油’。

, figureFileSmall=D4JrqH9CKi3StNYSeYaG1Q==, figureFileBig=GLEXXj4x1h+eQepQGXq7UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317148193031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Total ion flow diagram of different Camellia oleifera seed oils, figureFileSmall=4xZEhiVhIfdW7ntekH5PMQ==, figureFileBig=+8mAEMFFpm1B31OEbKEvdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317215301896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同油茶籽油总离子流图

注:①5-甲基糠醛;②2,3-丁二醇;③苯乙醛。

, figureFileSmall=4xZEhiVhIfdW7ntekH5PMQ==, figureFileBig=+8mAEMFFpm1B31OEbKEvdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317299187977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Aroma types of different Camellia oleifera seed oils, figureFileSmall=4rxsCWqbDIKewrgh92uawQ==, figureFileBig=hLO8O3g+hbJ+kwe6IT3YBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317613760778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同油茶籽油香气种类, figureFileSmall=4rxsCWqbDIKewrgh92uawQ==, figureFileBig=hLO8O3g+hbJ+kwe6IT3YBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317672481035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Total aroma content of different Camellia oleifera seed oils (A) and the proportion of each type of aroma content in the total content (B), figureFileSmall=a9SEWkMc4utJEvOn1w/FBA==, figureFileBig=L8BLVZx3SvCNByllXE6K5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317731201292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同油茶籽油总香气含量(A)及各类香气含量在总含量中的占比(B)

注:不同小写字母表示各组样品之间具有显著性差异(P<0.05),图5同。

, figureFileSmall=a9SEWkMc4utJEvOn1w/FBA==, figureFileBig=L8BLVZx3SvCNByllXE6K5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317802504461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Content of various aroma substances in different Camellia oleifera seed oils, figureFileSmall=HIvrrhHCy9/H9CpS4dteHQ==, figureFileBig=qoHJ5YcwnCj42ha2dziDyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166317865419022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各类香气物质在不同油茶籽油中的含量

注:A.不同油茶籽油中的杂环类香气含量;B.不同油茶籽油中的醛类香气含量;C.不同油茶籽油中的醇类香气含量;D.不同油茶籽油中的酮类香气含量;E.不同油茶籽油中的烃类香气含量;F.不同油茶籽油中的其他类香气含量。

, figureFileSmall=HIvrrhHCy9/H9CpS4dteHQ==, figureFileBig=qoHJ5YcwnCj42ha2dziDyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166318054162703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Radar chart of aroma characteristics of different Camellia oleifera seed oils, figureFileSmall=tyvI+x0roYqEMRqxxJS9bQ==, figureFileBig=nbYPTTAt7TqDGRQJ/e4i4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166318121271568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同油茶籽油的香气特征雷达图, figureFileSmall=tyvI+x0roYqEMRqxxJS9bQ==, figureFileBig=nbYPTTAt7TqDGRQJ/e4i4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166318423261457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Names, origins and oil extraction methods of different Camellia oleifera oils

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号样品名称产地榨油方式
1‘高油’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
2‘黑籽1号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
3‘黑籽2号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
4‘黑籽3号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
5‘红花1号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
6‘大果’1号广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
7‘岑软2号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318507147538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同品种茶油的名称、产地及榨油方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号样品名称产地榨油方式
1‘高油’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
2‘黑籽1号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
3‘黑籽2号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
4‘黑籽3号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
5‘红花1号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
6‘大果’1号广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
7‘岑软2号’广西壮族自治区桂林市冷榨
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318578450707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Key aroma substances of different Camellia oleifera seed oils and their ROAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质阈值( mg/kg)‘高油’‘黑籽1号’‘黑籽2号’‘黑籽3号’‘红花1号’‘大果’‘岑软2号’香气主要香型
糠醛0.00815.6028.64100.0015.6342.1411.34−甜木香杏仁香烤面包混合气味杏仁香
苯乙醛0.00934.0265.9725.6326.54100.0038.9676.95具有强烈的风信子香气和绿叶似得清香香气花香
异戊醛0.0035100.00100.0021.05100.0089.14100.00100.00果香果香
2,5-二甲基吡嗪0.029.9533.5611.0112.1535.4923.50−炒花生香气和巧克力、奶油风味烤坚果香
正己醛0.0036633.1520.137.3317.74−−−青草气及苹果香味青草香
2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪0.01−8.554.606.9016.804.96−烘烤的气味,具有咖啡和可可气息烤坚果香
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪0.016−2.863.043.028.420.00−咖啡香气烤坚果香
羟基丙酮0.2−1.291.690.762.130.93−焦糖香气焦糖香
2-甲基吡嗪0.250.733.071.131.262.491.83−坚果味,烘培香气烤坚果香
2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪0.0511.312.240.641.413.540.90−具有坚果、焙烤和甜香香气烤坚果香
糠醇0.30.190.170.530.160.410.08−呈微弱香气,有焦香味焦香
苯甲醛0.051.341.330.480.892.400.56−杏仁味杏仁香
醋酸1.21.530.750.470.322.630.571.34酸酸
5-甲基糠醛0.5−0.080.37−0.19−−甜香、焦糖香焦糖香
2-乙酰基呋喃1−−0.043−−−−呈杏仁、坚果、酵香、牛奶和甜的焦糖似香气烤坚果香
2,6-二甲基吡嗪100.020.020.0080.020.070.02−具有咖啡和炒花生的气味烤坚果香
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318641365268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同油茶籽油的关键香气物质及其ROAV

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质阈值( mg/kg)‘高油’‘黑籽1号’‘黑籽2号’‘黑籽3号’‘红花1号’‘大果’‘岑软2号’香气主要香型
糠醛0.00815.6028.64100.0015.6342.1411.34−甜木香杏仁香烤面包混合气味杏仁香
苯乙醛0.00934.0265.9725.6326.54100.0038.9676.95具有强烈的风信子香气和绿叶似得清香香气花香
异戊醛0.0035100.00100.0021.05100.0089.14100.00100.00果香果香
2,5-二甲基吡嗪0.029.9533.5611.0112.1535.4923.50−炒花生香气和巧克力、奶油风味烤坚果香
正己醛0.0036633.1520.137.3317.74−−−青草气及苹果香味青草香
2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪0.01−8.554.606.9016.804.96−烘烤的气味,具有咖啡和可可气息烤坚果香
2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪0.016−2.863.043.028.420.00−咖啡香气烤坚果香
羟基丙酮0.2−1.291.690.762.130.93−焦糖香气焦糖香
2-甲基吡嗪0.250.733.071.131.262.491.83−坚果味,烘培香气烤坚果香
2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪0.0511.312.240.641.413.540.90−具有坚果、焙烤和甜香香气烤坚果香
糠醇0.30.190.170.530.160.410.08−呈微弱香气,有焦香味焦香
苯甲醛0.051.341.330.480.892.400.56−杏仁味杏仁香
醋酸1.21.530.750.470.322.630.571.34酸酸
5-甲基糠醛0.5−0.080.37−0.19−−甜香、焦糖香焦糖香
2-乙酰基呋喃1−−0.043−−−−呈杏仁、坚果、酵香、牛奶和甜的焦糖似香气烤坚果香
2,6-二甲基吡嗪100.020.020.0080.020.070.02−具有咖啡和炒花生的气味烤坚果香
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318712668437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Three principal component eigenvectors and contribution rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分特征值贡献率(%)累积贡献率(%)
19.50259.39059.390
24.08425.52684.916
31.1156.96891.884
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318788165910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3个主成分特征向量及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分特征值贡献率(%)累积贡献率(%)
19.50259.39059.390
24.08425.52684.916
31.1156.96891.884
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318859469079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Eigenvectors and loading matrices of three principal components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分PC1PC2PC3香型
特征
向量
载荷特征
向量
载荷特征
向量
载荷
2,3,5-三甲
基吡嗪
0.3040.9380.0690.1400.1360.144烤坚果香
羟基丙酮0.2970.9170.1650.3340.1820.192焦糖香
苯乙醛0.2950.9090.1890.3820.0480.050花香
2-甲基吡嗪0.2840.8760.1920.3870.0540.057烤坚果香
苯甲醛0.2820.8700.1480.2990.3330.351杏仁香
2-乙基-6-甲
基吡嗪
0.2660.8210.2200.4440.2530.268烤坚果香
2,5-二甲
基吡嗪
0.2620.8070.2580.5210.1340.142烤坚果香
糠醇0.2490.7680.3110.6280.0630.067焦香
醋酸0.2470.7620.0730.1480.0150.016酸
糠醛0.2470.7600.3150.6360.0770.081杏仁香
2-乙基-5-甲
基吡嗪
0.2400.7390.2750.5560.0810.085烤坚果香
5-甲基糠醛0.2350.7250.3370.6820.0800.085焦糖香
2-乙酰基呋喃0.2240.6910.3470.7020.1060.111烤坚果香
2,6-二甲基吡嗪0.2170.6690.2950.5960.1370.144烤坚果香
异戊醛0.1540.4760.3840.7770.0580.061果香
正己醛0.1190.3660.1120.2270.8330.880青草香
), ArticleFig(id=1320166318939160856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

3个主成分的特征向量和载荷矩阵

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成分PC1PC2PC3香型
特征
向量
载荷特征
向量
载荷特征
向量
载荷
2,3,5-三甲
基吡嗪
0.3040.9380.0690.1400.1360.144烤坚果香
羟基丙酮0.2970.9170.1650.3340.1820.192焦糖香
苯乙醛0.2950.9090.1890.3820.0480.050花香
2-甲基吡嗪0.2840.8760.1920.3870.0540.057烤坚果香
苯甲醛0.2820.8700.1480.2990.3330.351杏仁香
2-乙基-6-甲
基吡嗪
0.2660.8210.2200.4440.2530.268烤坚果香
2,5-二甲
基吡嗪
0.2620.8070.2580.5210.1340.142烤坚果香
糠醇0.2490.7680.3110.6280.0630.067焦香
醋酸0.2470.7620.0730.1480.0150.016酸
糠醛0.2470.7600.3150.6360.0770.081杏仁香
2-乙基-5-甲
基吡嗪
0.2400.7390.2750.5560.0810.085烤坚果香
5-甲基糠醛0.2350.7250.3370.6820.0800.085焦糖香
2-乙酰基呋喃0.2240.6910.3470.7020.1060.111烤坚果香
2,6-二甲基吡嗪0.2170.6690.2950.5960.1370.144烤坚果香
异戊醛0.1540.4760.3840.7770.0580.061果香
正己醛0.1190.3660.1120.2270.8330.880青草香
), ArticleFig(id=1320166320646242585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Principal component scores and ranking after standardization

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品种F1F2F3F排序
‘高油’−2.145−1.869−0.304−1.9296
‘黑籽1号’1.8871.3111.9561.7322
‘黑籽2号’4.8324.6042.5944.5991
‘黑籽3号’−1.175−0.868−0.033−1.0035
‘红花1号’−0.598−0.793−1.042−0.6864
‘大果’1.7491.458−0.0101.5353
‘岑软2号’−4.550−3.842−3.159−4.2487
), ArticleFig(id=1320166320730128666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166308570841274, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

标准化后主成分得分及排序

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品种F1F2F3F排序
‘高油’−2.145−1.869−0.304−1.9296
‘黑籽1号’1.8871.3111.9561.7322
‘黑籽2号’4.8324.6042.5944.5991
‘黑籽3号’−1.175−0.868−0.033−1.0035
‘红花1号’−0.598−0.793−1.042−0.6864
‘大果’1.7491.458−0.0101.5353
‘岑软2号’−4.550−3.842−3.159−4.2487
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6种油茶籽油特征香气物质分析
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刘若男 1, 2 , 谭春生 3 , 高建有 1 , 叶开玉 1 , 朱荣香 1 , 夏黎明 1 , 刘翠霞 1, * , 王发明 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(14): 326-335
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (14) : 326 -335
6种油茶籽油特征香气物质分析
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刘若男1, 2 , 谭春生3, 高建有1, 叶开玉1, 朱荣香1, 夏黎明1, 刘翠霞1, * , 王发明1, *
作者信息
  • 1广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西桂林 541006
  • 2吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首 416000
  • 3桂林市茶花岛花卉种源有限公司,广西桂林 541006
通讯作者:
刘翠霞(1987−),女,博士,研究方向:果实香气品质形成机制,E-mail:。
王发明(1979−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:落叶果树和特色经济植物种质资源收集评价和种质创新等,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘若男(2002−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果实香气品质形成机制,E-mail:

Analysis of Characteristic Aroma Compounds in Six Camellia oleifera Seed Oils
Ruonan LIU1, 2 , Chunsheng TAN3, Jianyou GAO1, Kaiyu YE1, Rongxiang ZHU1, Liming XIA1, Cuixia LIU1, * , Faming WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
  • 2College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
  • 3Guilin Camellia Island Floriculture Germplasm Co., Ltd., Guilin 541006, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060240
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为筛选香气品质优良的油茶资源,以‘岑软2号’作为对照,比较冷榨法提取的6种油茶籽油香气成分,并结合香气雷达图、相对气味活度值和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明:6种实生优株茶籽油香气品质均优于‘岑软2号’。研究共鉴定出30种香气物质。其中‘黑籽2号’香气种类最丰富且总含量最高,其醛类物质(以糠醛为主)含量显著高于其他油茶籽油;‘大果’、‘黑籽1号’和‘黑籽2号’吡嗪类物质含量较高且相近,均富含2-甲基吡嗪和2,5-二甲基吡嗪;‘岑软2号’各类香气物质种类及含量均较低。香气雷达图显示:‘黑籽2号’兼具杏仁香、烤坚果香、花果香和青草香,香气浓郁且香型丰富;‘大果’以果香为主,‘黑籽1号’侧重烤坚果香与花果香,‘黑籽3号’和‘高油’以果香为主,‘红花1号’虽呈花香、果香、杏仁香和烤坚果香,但不如‘黑籽2号’浓郁。主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)表明‘黑籽2号’综合得分最高,其次为‘黑籽1号’和‘大果’。综上,6种实生优株均具优良香气品质,其中‘黑籽2号’可作为香型油茶品种选育的优质材料。

油茶  /  实生优株  /  油茶籽油  /  香气品质  /  气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)

To screen Camellia oleifera germplasm resources with rich aroma profiles, the aroma components of six cold-pressed Camellia oleifera seed oils were compared, with 'Cenruan 2' serving as the control, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by integrating aroma radar charts, relative odor activity values (ROAV), and principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the aroma quality of the Camellia oleifera seed oils derived from the six superior seedlings was superior to that of 'Cenruan 2'. A total of 30 aroma compounds were identified. Among them, 'Heizi 2' exhibited the most diverse aroma types and the highest total aroma content. Notably, its aldehyde content, predominantly furfural, was significantly higher than that of the other C. oleifera seed oils. The seed oils of 'Daguo', 'Heizi 1', and 'Heizi 2' had similar and relatively high contents of pyrazine compounds, and all were rich in 2-methylpyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. In contrast, 'Cenruan 2' had fewer types and lower contents of all aroma compounds. The aroma radar chart indicated that 'Heizi 2' presented a combination of almond, roasted nut, floral-fruity, and grassy aroma, therefore exhibiting intense and diverse aroma characteristics; 'Daguo' was dominated by a fruity aroma; 'Heizi 1' emphasized roasted nut and floral-fruity aromas; 'Heizi 3' and 'Gaoyou' were primarily characterized by fruity aroma; 'Honghua 1' exhibited floral, fruity, almond, and roasted nut aromas, which were less intense than those of 'Heizi 2'. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that 'Heizi 2' had the highest comprehensive score, followed by 'Heizi 1' and 'Daguo'. In conclusion, all six superior seedling strains exhibited excellent aroma quality, among which 'Heizi 2', with its rich aroma profile, can serve as high-quality material for the breeding of aroma-type Camellia oleifera.

Camellia oleifera  /  superior seedling strains  /  Camellia oleifera seed oil  /  aroma quality  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
刘若男, 谭春生, 高建有, 叶开玉, 朱荣香, 夏黎明, 刘翠霞, 王发明. 6种油茶籽油特征香气物质分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 326 -335 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060240
Ruonan LIU, Chunsheng TAN, Jianyou GAO, Kaiyu YE, Rongxiang ZHU, Liming XIA, Cuixia LIU, Faming WANG. Analysis of Characteristic Aroma Compounds in Six Camellia oleifera Seed Oils[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 326 -335 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060240
油茶(Camellia oleifera)为山茶科山茶属常绿乔木或小乔木,广泛分布于我国南方丘陵山区,广西、湖南、江西等省份均为油茶重要产区[1]。广义上的油茶常指山茶属植物中种子含油率超过15%且具有一定栽培面积和经营价值的树种统称。常见于山茶属油茶组(Sect. Oleifera)、短柱茶组(Sect. Paracamellia)、红山茶组(Sect. Camellia)中约20多种[2]。
油茶籽油是从油茶种子中提取的脂肪油,为我国传统的木本植物油,不饱和脂肪酸含量在90%以上,且富含多种生物活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎抗菌以及预防心脑血管疾病等作用,被誉为“东方橄榄油”和“食用油之王”[3−4]。近年来,油茶作为一种兼具生态效益和经济效益的作物,在国内外市场上的认知度和需求量持续提高[5]。然而,由于油茶品种间的差异及种植环境影响,油茶籽油品质参差不齐[6]。
风味是评价食用油品质和消费者选择食用油的重要依据之一,香气品质更是风味的关键组成部分[7−8]。油茶籽油的香气成分主要包括醛类、醇类、酯类、酸类、酮类和杂环类化合物,这些物质的协同作用赋予了油茶籽油独特的风味,并反映其品质差异[9]。油茶籽油风味受多种因素的综合影响,其中榨油工艺是关键因素之一。油茶籽油的榨取工艺多样,如压榨法、浸水法和萃取法等,不同榨取工艺会导致油茶籽油香气以及营养成分的显著差异[10−12]。如冷榨法常因其榨取温度较低常保留较多的营养成分和天然风味,如不饱和脂肪酸、维生素E、醛类香气物质等,同时油的品质较高;而热榨油因其榨取温度较高,在榨取过程中会发生美拉德反应,使其杂环类化合物含量增加,从而赋予油更为浓郁的烤香味[13−15]。He等[16]对4种预热处理的油茶籽油风味进行研究,发现微波和油炸预热相比烘烤和蒸煮处理含有更多的吡嗪类化合物,烘烤和蒸煮处理油茶籽油则含有更高的烃类物质。此外,产地也是影响油茶籽油风味的重要因素。Zheng等[17]对比不同省份的油茶籽油发现海南油茶籽油含有更多的醛类物质,香气更加醇厚,推测热带气候有助于油茶籽油风味的形成。朱晓阳等[12]对比湖南和海南油茶籽油也发现海南油茶籽油具有更浓郁的清香味。
尽管油茶籽油品种繁多并含有丰富营养成分,但与花生油、菜籽油等常见食用油相比整体风味偏淡[18−19]。食品调研显示,食用油口感风味是消费者选择产品的重要品质属性。但目前市场上缺乏香味浓郁的油茶籽油品种,在一定程度上限制了油茶籽油的市场竞争力。目前相关油茶籽油香气的研究多数集中在不同榨油工艺对其的影响上,而对不同油茶籽油进行比较以筛选香气更优油茶资源的研究较少[20]。本课题组在野外调查过程中发现了一些香气浓郁的油茶植株。通过对这些植株的实生后代进行筛选,最终选出了6种实生优株(‘高油’、‘黑籽1号’、‘黑籽2号’、‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’和‘大果’)(图1)。这些实生优株油茶籽油相较于其他品种香气更为浓郁,因此将其暂定义为香型油茶。此外,油茶品种‘岑软2号’为广西主栽油茶之一,具有丰产、稳产、油质良好、适应性广等特点[21]。本研究将6种香型油茶实生优株,以普通油茶品种‘岑软2号’作为对照,使用冷榨法进行榨油以保证其更好的天然风味。采用气相色谱−质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术对它们的香气物质进行检测分析,结合气味活度值(odor activity values,OAV)、相对气味活度值(relative odor activity values,ROAV)和香气特征雷达图确定不同油茶籽油中的关键香气成分及其整体风味,再结合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)比较各油茶籽油的整体风味差异,为选育香气品质优良的油茶品种提供理论依据。
油茶 来自于广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所和桂林市雁山区雁山镇茶花岛花卉种源有限公司茶油基地,其中,1~6号为香味较浓的实生优株,7号为广西主栽茶油品种,名称、产地信息及榨油方式见表1;无水乙醇(色谱纯) 西陇科学股份有限公司;十一烷(纯度99 %) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司。
7890A气相色谱-质谱联用仪(配备不分流进样口和火焰离子化检测器(FID)、5975C质谱仪 美国安捷伦公司;DBS-100Max热混仪 浙江群安科学仪器有限公司;OSE-DB-05干式恒温金属浴仪 北京天根生化科技有限公司;30 μm PDMS/DVB SPME萃取头 美国Supelco公司。
油茶籽烘箱60 ℃烘干,待茶籽籽仁与籽壳分离后,转入籽壳分离机去除籽壳,从而获得茶油籽仁,粉碎后通过榨油机进行压榨(60~67 ℃),静置分层,得到压榨毛油。毛油初滤后,置于4 ℃冰箱冷藏4 h,以4000 r/min离心5 min,去除沉淀,得到清亮、淡黄色的茶油籽油,备用。
采用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定油茶籽油中挥发性化合物。每个样本取5 mL油茶籽油至20 mL顶空萃取瓶中,放入热混仪50 ℃平衡30 min,后放入干式恒温金属浴仪55 ℃萃取60 min。
色谱条件:色谱柱:DB-WAX石英毛细柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 µm);升温程序:40 ℃保持3 min,以3 ℃/min升至70 ℃,保持1 min,以5 ℃/min升至180 ℃,保持1 min,以10 ℃/min升至230 ℃,保持0 min;载气(He)流速1.0 mL/min,压力5 kPa,进样口温度250 ℃;前检测器温度33 ℃;不分流。
质谱条件:接口温度:230 ℃;离子源温度230 ℃;电离方式:EI+,70 eV;扫描方式:全扫描;质量范围:33~550。
定性定量:定性分析通过AMDS解卷积软件。解卷积后检索标准化合物的质谱图(NIST08)、广西落叶果树团队已经分析过的标准品的保留时间以及与相关文献报道进行保留指数等信息比对。对挥发物的定量分析采用十一烷作为外标物,以1.85、3.70、7.40、14.80、22.20、29.60、37.00 mg/100 mL设置质量浓度梯度制作标准曲线进行分析。
OAV、ROAV值计算参考刘登勇等[22]的方法。油茶籽油中香气成分的相对含量(mg/kg)与其在水中的阈值之比即为该物质的OAV值。分别设置每种油茶籽油中OAV值最大的香气成分其OAV值为100,则油茶籽油中其他香气成分OAV值与该物质OAV值之比的100倍即为该油茶籽油中其他香气成分ROAV值。
$\rm O\text{AVa}(\mathrm{i})=\frac{\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{i})}{\mathrm{Ta}(\mathrm{i})} $
$ \text{ROAV}(\mathrm{i})=100\times \frac{\text{OAVa}(\mathrm{i})}{\mathrm{OAVa}(\mathrm{max})} $
式中:Ca(i)为油茶籽油a中香气物质i相对含量(mg/kg);Ta(i)为油茶籽油a中香气物质i在水中的阈值[23]; OAVa(i)为油茶籽油a中香气物质i的OAV值;OAVa(max)为油茶籽油a中OAV值最大的香气物质。
作图方法参考杜文文等[24]的方法,稍作改动。分别将各油茶籽油中OAV>1的香气成分按香型分类,同一香型的OAV值相加,计算各油茶籽油中每种香型的总OAV值。为便于作图,以各类香型总OAV值的10−3倍绘制香气特征雷达图。
实验结果以均值±标准差呈现。采用Excel 2016对数据进行处理,采用SPSS 20.0进行显著性分析以及主成分分析,P<0.05表示有显著性差异。主成分分析综合得分计算方法参考张文霖[25]的方法。使用Duncan法对数据进行多重比较,采用Origin2021作图。
7种油茶籽油总离子流图如图2所示,主要成分为2-甲基吡嗪、2, 5-二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、醋酸和丁内酯等。7种油茶籽油经检测共发现30种香气物质(图3,物质含量见附表1,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版),包括13种杂环类,6种醛类,4种醇类,2种烃类,2种酮类。此外,发现酯类、酸类和醚类各1种,将它们归为其他类。6种油茶实生优株的油茶籽油香气种类均高于‘岑软2号’。其中‘黑籽2号’香气种类最多,有27种,其次为‘黑籽1号’和‘红花1号’,均含26种香气物质。‘岑软2号’最低,含8种香气物质。杂环类香气物质各油茶籽油中在1~12种之间,‘黑籽2号’中最多,为12种,‘岑软2号’最低,含1种;醛类香气物质在每个品种中均被检测到,种类数量在2~6种之间,在‘黑籽1号’和‘黑籽2号’中种类最多,均为6种。
6种油茶实生优株的油茶籽油香气总含量均高于‘岑软2号’。其中‘黑籽2号’的香气含量最高,为882.57 mg/kg,显著(P<0.05)高于其他油茶籽油,是‘高油’、‘黑籽1号’、‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’、‘大果’的1.38~3.15倍,是‘岑软2号’的10.93倍,说明‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油香味最浓。其次为‘大果’和‘黑籽1号’,香气含量分别为638.55 mg/kg和560.43 mg/kg,分别为‘岑软2号’香气含量的7.70和6.75倍(图4A)。
杂环类、醛类和醇类物质是6种实生优株和‘岑软2号’油茶籽油中的主要香气物质,在这7种油茶籽油中含量占比均较高。其中,‘黑籽2号’中醛类含量占比最高,为32.60%,杂环类含量占比次之,为26.80%(图4B)。冷榨工艺能保持油茶籽油更多的天然风味,Cao等[26]研究了5种榨油温度保持在40 ℃以下的冷榨油茶籽油,发现醛类物质在这些油茶籽油中种类最多,且在总含量中占比最高,介于47.50%至65.30%之间。但本研究中,冷榨油温度控制在60 ℃左右,醛类占比在32.70%以下,除‘黑籽2号’外,其他油茶籽油为醇类或杂环类占比最高,因此认为‘黑籽2号’可能保留了较好的天然风味。此外,相比于Cao等[26]的研究结果,上述7种油茶籽油醛类占比均较低,这可能是由于部分醛类成分对油温较为敏感,较高的温度可能导致这些醛类成分发生转化,从而降低了其在香气成分中的占比。结合香气种数和香气总含量来看,6种油茶实生优株的油茶籽油香气均优于‘岑软2号’,其中,‘黑籽2号’的香气品质最优,其次为‘大果’和‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油。
各类香气物质在不同油茶籽油中的含量如图5所示。其中,杂环类含量最高的是‘大果’油茶籽油,为258.18 mg/kg,其次为黑籽1号和‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油,分别为255.85 mg/kg和236.87 mg/kg。尽管‘黑籽2号’香气总含量最高,但杂环类含量与‘黑籽1号’、‘大果’油茶籽油无显著差异。‘黑籽3号’和‘红花1号’杂环类含量相近,分别为141.21 mg/kg和144.21 mg/kg。‘岑软2号’杂环类含量最低,为6.75 mg/kg(图5A)。食用油中的杂环类化合物如吡嗪,主要由氨基酸与还原糖在预热处理过程中的美拉德反应和Strecker降解生成,为油茶籽油提供烘焙香和坚果香[26−28]。‘大果’、‘黑籽1号’和‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油吡嗪类香气物质含量最高的2种成分均为2-甲基吡嗪和2,5-二甲基吡嗪,其中,2-甲基吡嗪在‘大果’、‘黑籽1号’和‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油中含量分别为73.74、68.78和60.66 mg/kg,2,5-二甲基吡嗪含量分别为75.57、60.24和47.34 mg/kg,在上述3种油茶籽油中这2种香气成分之和分别占其杂环类含量的45.59%~57.83%之间,占比相近。因此认为‘黑籽2号’、‘黑籽1号’和‘大果’油茶籽油具有较近似的烘焙香、坚果香风味。以往研究表明,冷榨油茶籽油中杂环类香气物质含量通常较低,而热榨油中含量较高[14,16]。但在本实验中,‘黑籽2号’、‘大果’和‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油在冷榨条件下,均检测出较高的杂环类含量,可能是由于这几个品种的相关前体物质含量较高。此外,前人研究显示水分调节预处理能改变芝麻细胞结构,使油脂更易释放,促进美拉德反应和脂质氧化等风味相关反应[29]。本实验中,油茶籽前期预处理采用60 ℃烘干控制水分,可能导致油茶籽细胞结构改变,氨基酸和还原糖更容易接触,从而促进了杂环类物质的生成。
在香气成分方面,在发现的13种杂环类化合物中,吡嗪类化合物种类最为丰富。其中,2-甲基吡嗪和2,5-二甲基吡嗪呈坚果香,烘焙香,在除‘岑软2号’外的其他6个油茶籽油品种中均被检出。在‘黑籽2号’、‘黑籽1号’和‘大果’油茶籽油中,这两种杂环类物质含量均在其他杂环类的1.39倍以上,使得上述3种油茶籽油杂环类含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他油茶。因此2-甲基吡嗪和2,5-二甲基吡嗪可能是上述油茶籽油呈现烘焙香、坚果香的关键香气物质(附表1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。这与林琅[30]在热榨油茶籽油中的结果相似。
醛类物质具有较低的香气阈值,是油茶籽油风味的重要组成部分之一[26]。不同油茶籽油醛类总含量存在显著(P<0.05)差异。其中,‘黑籽2号’的醛类香气含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他油茶籽油,为287.83 mg/kg,是‘高油’、‘黑籽1号’、‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’和‘大果’的2.18~5.74倍,是‘岑软2号’的14.96倍。其次为‘大果’和‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油,二者醛类含量相近,分别为131.71 mg/kg和121.38 mg/kg。‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’和‘高油’油茶籽油醛类含量在49.50~60.50 mg/kg之间。上述6种油茶籽油醛类物质含量均高于‘岑软2号’(19.24 mg/kg)(图5B)。
糠醛主要呈杏仁香,能够加强油茶籽油的焙烤风味,是浓香型油茶的一种重要风味成分[9,13]。从化合物含量上来看,在‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油中,糠醛含量最高,为171.97 mg/kg,是该油中醛类物质的主要部分,且为其他油茶籽油醛类总含量的1倍以上;其次为苯乙醛和5-甲基糠醛,含量分别为49.58和39.47 mg/kg,分别赋予‘黑籽2号’油花香和焦糖香。这表明‘黑籽2号’较其他油茶籽油具有更浓郁的杏仁香味,并兼具花香和焦糖香,风味更为丰富。苯乙醛和异戊醛分别呈现出花香和果香。在‘大果’油茶籽油中,苯乙醛和异戊醛的含量较高且相近,均在56.30 mg/kg左右;‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油中,苯乙醛含量为53.30 mg/kg,异戊醛为31.42 mg/kg,上述两种物质共同为这两种油茶籽油贡献花果香。‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’和‘高油’油茶籽油中醛类含量相近,其中,‘黑籽3号’和‘高油’中含量较高的醛类物质也为苯乙醛和异戊醛,在15.64~25.67 mg/kg之间,呈现花果香;‘红花1号’中含量较高的醛类为苯乙醛,为28.13 mg/kg,更多呈现花香味(附表1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
糠醛及其衍生物5-甲基糠醛、糠醇在油茶中通常被认为是戊糖、六碳糖裂解和美拉德反应的产物,常在热榨油茶籽油中检测到[31]。在本研究中,冷榨油茶籽油‘黑籽2号’中糠醛含量以及5-甲基糠醛显著(P<0.05)高于其他油茶籽油,原因可能是‘黑籽2号’油茶籽中具有较高含量的糖类化合物,在低温条件下脱水产生糠醛。此外,在冷榨过程中,榨油机的机械摩擦和剪切力可能导致局部温度升高,从而为糠醛的生成提供条件。苯乙醛和异戊醛可分别经由苯丙氨酸和亮氨酸Strecker降解产生[9]。在40 ℃以下低温冷榨油茶籽油中未检测到这两种物质,而在热榨油中含量相对较高[16,26]。本研究中,冷榨温度控制在60 ℃左右,结果在桂林地区采集的7种油茶籽油中均检测到了苯乙醛和异戊醛,且‘大果’和‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油中含量较高。由此推测,40~60 ℃可能是苯乙醛和异戊醛生成的最低温度范围。在前人研究中,己醛、庚醛、辛醛是不同热处理压榨油茶籽油和不同品种油茶籽油的共同风味成分,且己醛含量均较高[26,31]。然而,在本研究中,己醛在‘红花1号’、‘大果’和‘岑软2号’油茶籽油中未被检测到,且在其他油茶籽油中的含量也较低,这可能是由于不同品种油茶籽油在化学成分上的差异所致。
醇类多为青草香,与醛类共同为油茶籽油提供清香风味[10]。本研究中,‘高油’中醇类含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他油茶籽油,达到115.40 mg/kg。其次为‘红花1号’和‘黑籽2号’,这2个品种醇类物质含量相近,分别为77.60 mg/kg和78.75 mg/kg(图5C)。‘高油’中含量较高的醇类为3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇和1-丙氧基-2-丙醇,含量分别为47.97 mg/kg和48.20 mg/kg,其中3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇具有刺激性气味。‘红花1号’中也含有较高含量的3-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇,含量在30.50 mg/kg左右,可能是榨油过程中产生的副产物。值得注意的是糠醇在‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油中含量较高,可能为该油茶籽油提供焦香味(附表1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
酮类物质是不饱和脂肪酸受热氧化后的降解产物,可以提供果香、甜香等风味[20,32]。本研究中,酮类物质的种类较少。在7种油茶籽油中,‘黑籽2号’的酮类含量最高,且仅检测到1种酮类物质即羟基丙酮,含量为72.87 mg/kg,可为‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油提供焦糖香味(图5D,附表1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。7种油茶籽油中烃类含量均较低,在20.00 mg/kg以下(图5E)。此外,酯类也对油茶籽油的风味有重要贡献[20]。在其他类中,乙酸甲酯在‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油中的含量较高,为73.00 mg/kg,呈现果香味,也可能是该油茶籽油的风味的重要组成部分(图5F,附表1,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
从不同油茶籽油的各类香气物质含量来看,‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油呈现出浓郁的烘焙香、坚果香、杏仁香以及焦糖香和焦香,其香型最为丰富。‘黑籽1号’和‘大果’油茶籽油则以浓郁的烘焙香、坚果香和花果香为主。‘红花1号’和‘黑籽3号’油茶籽油的烘焙香和坚果香也较为明显,并带有些许花香、果香。相比之下,‘高油’杂环类和醛类香气含量均较低,整体香味较清淡,具有一定的烤坚果香和花果香。‘岑软2号’各类香气物质含量普遍较低。
尽管香气物质含量可以一定程度上反映油茶籽油总体风味情况,但并非所有香气成分都对总体风味产生显著贡献。香气成分的实际贡献需要综合其含量和感觉阈值来判断。OAV通常用来表示香气成分对总体风味的贡献,OAV>1表示该香气成分对物质风味有直接影响,OAV值越大,表明该香气成分对总体风味的贡献越高[22]。通过查询阈值并根据公式(1)计算OAV值,共筛选出16种对油茶籽油风味产生直接影响的香气物质(附表2,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。其中包括6种醛类、6种吡嗪类、1种醇类、1种呋喃类、1种酮类和1种酸类。根据上述16种香气成分的主要香型进行分类,计算各油茶籽油品种不同香型的总OAV值(附表2,详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版),并通过雷达图展示各品种油茶籽油的香气特征(图6)。结果显示,‘黑籽2号’OAV总值在7种油茶籽油中最高,为38264.57,其香味最为浓郁且香型最为丰富,主要呈现杏仁香、烤坚果香、花香、果香和青草香。其中,杏仁香的OAV值最大,是‘黑籽2号’的主要香型,其次是花香和烤坚果香。‘大果’的总OAV值位居第二,为29525.32,呈果香、花香和烤坚果香,其中果香为其主要香型。‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油总OAV值第三,为24115.49,呈果香、花香、烤坚果香、杏仁香和青草香,其中,果香、花香和烤坚果香OAV值较高,为‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油的主要香型。其次分别为‘黑籽3号’、‘高油’和‘红花1号’,总OAV值在9958~13104之间,其中,果香为‘高油’和‘黑籽3号’主要香型。‘红花1号’油茶籽油则呈现花香、果香、杏仁香和烤坚果香,各类香型OAV值相近。‘岑软2号’油茶籽油总OAV值最低,与上文结论基本一致。
为了更深入地探究各品种油茶籽油的关键香气物质,本研究参考了前人研究中关于相对气味活度值(ROAV)的定义:认为ROAV>1的物质是对油茶籽油风味产生重要影响的关键香气成分,而0.1≤ROAV<1的组分则对油茶籽油的总体风味起到重要的修饰作用[22,33]。采用上述16种OAV>1的香气物质进行计算。根据附表2(详见本刊官网http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版),‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油中OAV值最高的物质是糠醛;‘高油’、‘黑籽1号’、‘黑籽3号’、‘大果’和岑溪2号油茶籽油中OAV值最高的物质是异戊醛;‘红花1号’油茶籽油中OAV值最高的物质是苯乙醛。因此,本研究以这些物质的OAV值作为对应油茶籽油品种的阈值,根据公式(2)计算各品种中香气成分的ROAV值(表2)。
在6种油茶实生优株油茶籽油中,‘高油’中的关键香气成分有8种,分别为糠醛、苯乙醛、异戊醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、正己醛、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、苯甲醛和醋酸。‘黑籽1号’中的关键香气成分有11种,分别为异戊醛、苯乙醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、糠醛、正己醛、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、羟基丙酮和苯甲醛。‘黑籽2号’的关键香气成分有9种,分别为糠醛、苯乙醛、异戊醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、正己醛、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、羟基丙酮和2-甲基吡嗪。‘黑籽3号’中的关键香气成分有9种,分别为糠醛、苯乙醛、异戊醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、正己醛、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、2-甲基吡嗪和2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪。‘红花1号’中的关键香气成分有11种,分别为糠醛、苯乙醛、异戊醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、羟基丙酮、2-甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、苯甲醛和醋酸。‘大果’中的关键香气成分有6种,分别为异戊醛、苯乙醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、糠醛、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪和2-甲基吡嗪。上述6种油茶籽油共有的关键香气成分为4种,分别为糠醛、苯乙醛、异戊醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪。
PCA具有可消除评价指标间的相关影响、保证评价的客观性等优点,因此被用于比较不同产地或不同制取工艺油茶籽油的差异[34]。将OAV值大于1的16种香气成分含量进行主成分分析,以特征值大于1提取主成分。结果显示提取了3个主成分,按照其贡献值由大到小分别命名为PC1、PC2和PC3。3个主成分累计解释了总方差的91.884%,表明这3个主成分能够有效反映样品中的大部分数据(表3)。
参考张文霖[25]计算特征向量及主成分得分。用表4中的成分载荷值除以主成分相对应的特征值开平方根便得到3个主成分中每个指标的特征向量。由表4可知,2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、羟基丙酮、苯乙醛、2-甲基吡嗪、苯甲醛、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、糠醇、醋酸、糠醛、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪和5-甲基糠醛在PC1中有较高载荷值(|载荷|>0.7),表明PC1主要反映上述12种成分的信息;异戊醛和2-乙酰基呋喃在PC2中有较高载荷值(|载荷|>0.7),即表明PC2主要反映上述2种成分的信息;正己醛在PC3中有较高载荷值(|载荷|>0.7),即表明PC3主要反映上述1种成分的信息。根据上述各成分的主要香型,可将PC1定义为“烤坚果香、焦糖香、花香、杏仁香以及焦香和酸气主导因子”,PC2定义为“果香及烤坚果香主导因子”,PC3定义为“青草香主导因子”。
根据表3和表4,以3个主成分代表原来的16种挥发性香气成分所表达的信息,建立油茶籽油香气品质的评价模型,得到如下的线性关系式,其中A1~A16为挥发性香气物质标准化后的值,F1、F2和F3表示3个主成分得分:
$ \begin{split}\mathrm{F}1=& 0.304 \mathrm{A}1+0.297 \mathrm{A}2+0.295 \mathrm{A}3\cdots + \\&0.154 \mathrm{A}15+0.119 \mathrm{A}16 \end{split}$
$ \begin{split}\mathrm{F}2=&0.069 \mathrm{A}1+0.165 \mathrm{A}2+0.189 \mathrm{A}3\cdots +\\&0.384 \mathrm{A}15+0.112 \mathrm{A}16\end{split} $
$\begin{split} \mathrm{F}3=&0.136 \mathrm{A}1+0.182 \mathrm{A}2+0.048 \mathrm{A}3\cdots +\\&0.058 \mathrm{A}15+0.833 \mathrm{A}16 \end{split}$
所选的3个主成分对应的特征值占3个特征值总和的比例为该主成分在品种综合评价中的权重,对3个主成分得分进行加权求和,计算各品种的综合得分F并排序:
$ \mathrm{F}=0.646 \mathrm{F}1+0.278 \mathrm{F}2+0.076 \mathrm{F}3 $
由综合得分排序可知(表5),‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油风味最优,主成分得分F1、F2和F3均为最高,说明其在烤坚果香、焦糖香、花香、杏仁香、焦香、酸气、果香、青草香等风味特征上均表现突出;其次为‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油以及‘大果’油茶籽油,其中‘黑籽1号’烤坚果香、焦糖香等风味较‘大果’突出,而‘大果’果香较‘黑籽1号’突出。6种实生优株油茶籽油的风味均优于‘岑软2号’。
本研究通过比较不同油茶籽油的香气种类、总含量及香气成分,并结合香气特征雷达图、相对气味活度值以及主成分分析,对6种油茶实生优株的油茶籽油香气进行综合评价,为香型油茶品种的选育提供参考依据。研究结果显示,这6种油茶实生优株油茶籽油香气均优于目前在广西的主推油茶品种‘岑软2号’。在香气种类方面,实生优株‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油香气种类最为丰富。在香气总含量方面,‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油含量最高,其次为‘大果’、‘黑籽1号’、‘红花1号’、‘高油’和‘黑籽3号’,‘岑软2号’油茶籽油香气总含量则处于相对较低水平。各类香气含量分析表明,‘黑籽2号’、‘黑籽1号’和‘大果’油茶籽油杂环类含量相近,具有相似的烘焙香和坚果香。‘黑籽2号’醛类含量最为丰富,其中糠醛为其主要醛类成分,赋予其浓郁的杏仁香。从不同香气成分含量以及香气特征雷达图来看,‘黑籽2号’油茶籽油相比其他油茶籽油具有突出杏仁香,并带有一定的烤坚果香、花果香以及青草香,整体香气浓郁且香型丰富。‘大果’油茶籽油则以浓郁的果香为主要特征,同时兼具一定的烤坚果香以及花香。‘黑籽1号’油茶籽油则以烤坚果香和花果香为主。‘黑籽3号’和‘高油’油茶籽油以果香味为主。‘红花1号’油茶籽油则呈现花香、果香、杏仁香和烤坚果香。相比之下,‘岑软2号’油茶籽油的各类香气物质含量则普遍较低。通过ROAV值计算确定了‘高油’、‘黑籽1号’、‘黑籽2号’、‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’和‘大果’的关键香气成分分别为8种、11种、9种、9种、11种和6种。6种油茶实生优株共有的关键香气成分为4种,分别为糠醛、苯乙醛、异戊醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪。这些关键香气成分的含量水平对于筛选香型油茶品种可能具有重要的指示作用。主成分分析表明,‘黑籽2号’的综合得分最高,香气品质最优,其次为‘黑籽1号’、‘大果’、‘红花1号’、‘黑籽3号’和‘高油’,6种实生优株油茶籽油香气综合得分均高于‘岑软2号’。综上所述,认为6种油茶实生优株(‘高油’、‘黑籽1号’、‘黑籽2号’、‘黑籽3号’、‘红花1号’和‘大果’)均具备良好的香气品质,其中‘黑籽2号’的香气品质最优,其次为‘大果’和‘黑籽1号’,是选育香型油茶品种的优质材料。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060240
  • 接收时间:2025-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20
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    1广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西桂林 541006
    2吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首 416000
    3桂林市茶花岛花卉种源有限公司,广西桂林 541006

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刘翠霞(1987−),女,博士,研究方向:果实香气品质形成机制,E-mail:。
王发明(1979−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:落叶果树和特色经济植物种质资源收集评价和种质创新等,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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