Article(id=1320166504344175096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060195, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750176000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681822143, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681822143, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681822143, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681822143, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=344, endPage=352, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166504549695993, articleId=1320166504344175096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Evaluation of Selenium Distribution and Bioactivity in Different Varieties of Selenium-enriched Kiwifruit, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study took the three selenium-enriched kiwifruit varieties 'Cui Xiang' 'Xu Xiang' and 'Qi Hong' grown in Hanyin County, Shaanxi Province as the research objects, and systematically analyzed their physicochemical properties, selenium content, functional components and biological activities. The results showed that the key quality indicators such as dry matter content, total soluble solids, total sugar, pH, and sugar-acid ratio presented significant differences among the three selenium-enriched kiwifruit varieties (P<0.05). The selenium content of the three selenium-enriched kiwifruits was all≥0.10 mg/kg, meeting the selenium content requirements of selenium-enriched fruits. The selenium content showed significant differences among different varieties and parts of the fruits (P<0.05), and the selenium distribution in the three fruits was peel>seeds>pulp, with 'Xu Xiang' having a significantly higher selenium accumulation ability than 'Cui Xiang' and 'Qi Hong'. Kiwifruit was rich in mineral elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium. The total mineral content, VC, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of 'Cui Xiang' were significantly higher than those of the other varieties (P<0.05). In addition, the three selenium-enriched kiwifruit varieties all showed certain inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase, among which 'Cui Xiang' had the strongest inhibitory effect on the three enzymes. This study provided a scientific basis for the development of functional foods from selenium-enriched kiwifruit by analyzing the component characteristics and biological activity differences among different varieties of selenium-enriched kiwifruit.

, authors=Danting HOU1, Qinyu ZHAO1, Zhenyun SHE1, Wenhui ZHANG1, 2, Yaguo WANG3, Xiangyu SUN4, Tingting MA1, *, authorsList=Danting HOU, Qinyu ZHAO, Zhenyun SHE, Wenhui ZHANG, Yaguo WANG, Xiangyu SUN, Tingting MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tingting MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166507875779079, articleId=1320166504344175096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同品种富硒猕猴桃的硒分布及生物活性评价, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以陕西省汉阴县种植的富硒猕猴桃品种‘翠香’‘徐香’和‘脐红’为研究对象,系统分析了其理化特性、硒含量、功能性成分及生物活性。结果表明,干物质含量、总可溶性固形物、总糖、pH及糖酸比等关键品质指标在不同品种富硒猕猴桃间呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。三种富硒猕猴桃的硒含量均≥0.10 mg/kg,符合富硒水果的硒含量要求。硒含量在果实不同品种和部位间差异显著(P<0.05),三种果实硒分布为果皮>果籽>果肉,且‘徐香’对硒的富集能力显著高于‘翠香’与‘脐红’。猕猴桃富含钾、钙、镁等矿物质元素,‘翠香’的矿物质总量、VC、多酚和抗氧化能力显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。此外,不同品种的富硒猕猴桃对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶均表现出一定的抑制活性,其中‘翠香’对三种酶的抑制效果最强。本研究通过解析不同品种富硒猕猴桃的组分特征与生物活性差异,为富硒猕猴桃的功能性食品开发提供了科学依据。

, authors=侯丹婷1, 赵沁雨1, 佘珍云1, 张文慧1, 2, 王亚国3, 孙翔宇4, 马婷婷1, *, authorsList=侯丹婷, 赵沁雨, 佘珍云, 张文慧, 王亚国, 孙翔宇, 马婷婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马婷婷, authorNote=

侯丹婷(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
马婷婷(1987−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬加工与品质调控,E-mail:。
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Food Bioscience, 2023, 55: 103054., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320167028942553981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167028950942590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167028942553981, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167028959331199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167028942553981, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167029043217280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167029055800193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167029043217280, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Ankang Municipality Agricultural Science Research Institute, Ankang 725021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167029059994498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167029043217280, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2安康市农业科学研究院,陕西安康 725021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167029139686275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167029143880580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167029139686275, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Shaanxi Bairui Kiwifruit Research Institute, Xi'an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167029152269189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167029139686275, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3陕西佰瑞猕猴桃研究院有限公司,陕西西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167029223572358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167029231960967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167029223572358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167029240349576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, companyId=1320167029223572358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌 712100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320167031543022520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Physicochemical indicators of selenium-enriched kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=8WgFK1iRVO7fae97dW51pQ==, figureFileBig=qMRb6eWcLNJd91mlTSY9Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167031605937081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=图1, caption=富硒猕猴桃的理化指标

注:(A)干物质;(B)TSS;(C)总糖;(D)pH;(E)TA;(F)糖酸比;不同小写字母表示不同品种的猕猴桃存在显著差异(P<0.05),图2~图6同。

, figureFileSmall=8WgFK1iRVO7fae97dW51pQ==, figureFileBig=qMRb6eWcLNJd91mlTSY9Jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167031681434554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Functional components of selenium-enriched kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=ElXng95VUxqdJkAYiDq72w==, figureFileBig=dYi1UkPhJAS+Jz9D+f4JAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167031748543419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=图2, caption=富硒猕猴桃的功能性成分

注:(A)VC;(B)TPC;(C)TFC。

, figureFileSmall=ElXng95VUxqdJkAYiDq72w==, figureFileBig=dYi1UkPhJAS+Jz9D+f4JAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167031811457980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Antioxidant activities of selenium-enriched kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=yVXr/OgaTQgxJdawxyak2w==, figureFileBig=K2UYNXKXelUDdnv0RXncVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167031874372541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=图3, caption=富硒猕猴桃的抗氧化活性

注:(A)DPPH;(B)FRAP。

, figureFileSmall=yVXr/OgaTQgxJdawxyak2w==, figureFileBig=K2UYNXKXelUDdnv0RXncVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167031945675710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=α-Amylase inhibition rate (A) and IC50 value (B)of α-amylase inhibition of selenium-enriched kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=xbfddabF3P9uaxmm1rJMIg==, figureFileBig=fzIS2wKaL/UtfpomBqyhhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167032008590271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=图4, caption=富硒猕猴桃的α-淀粉酶的抑制率(A)和α-淀粉酶抑制作用的IC50值(B)

注:不同大写字母表示同一浓度下不同处理组果实在P<0.05水平差异显著,不同小写字母代表同一果实在不同浓度处理组在P<0.05水平差异显著,图5、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=xbfddabF3P9uaxmm1rJMIg==, figureFileBig=fzIS2wKaL/UtfpomBqyhhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167032067310528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=α-Glucosidase inhibition rate (A) and IC50 value of α-glucosidase inhibition (B) of selenium-enriched kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=e1U8Lcji99wfvNK8neovuQ==, figureFileBig=N703OgpUuYdL+sSRrYy7UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167032134419393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=图5, caption=富硒猕猴桃的α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率(A)和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值(B), figureFileSmall=e1U8Lcji99wfvNK8neovuQ==, figureFileBig=N703OgpUuYdL+sSRrYy7UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167032201528258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Pancreatic lipase inhibition rate (A) and IC50 value (B)of pancreatic lipase inhibition of selenium-enriched kiwifruit, figureFileSmall=MJgr8YrsFunlAAIlvBh1yw==, figureFileBig=4nv23txNBzBaC0nm771ShA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167032260248515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=图6, caption=富硒猕猴桃的胰脂肪酶的抑制率(A)和胰脂肪酶抑制作用的IC50值(B), figureFileSmall=MJgr8YrsFunlAAIlvBh1yw==, figureFileBig=4nv23txNBzBaC0nm771ShA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167032318968772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mineral element content of selenium-enriched kiwifruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质元素含量翠香徐香脐红
硒含量
(mg/kg DW)
果肉0.106±0.003Cb0.272±0.010Ac0.249±0.009Bc
果皮1.577±0.012Ba3.635±0.016Aa1.402±0.014Ca
果籽0.231±0.018Cc0.621±0.011Ab0.490±0.012Bb
果实中的其他
矿物质元素(mg/100 g)
K310.69±1.49a293.98±2.94b287.35±2.05c
Ca25.32±0.57b23.73±0.81c28.58±0.86a
Na4.70±0.15a4.60±0.26a4.85±0.12a
P20.55±0.18b20.87±0.1ab21.63±0.64a
Mg13.49±0.22b14.83±0.14a13.38±0.36b
Fe0.28±0.02b0.34±0.04a0.39±0.03a
Zn0.26±0.03a0.19±0.01b0.22±0.02ab
), ArticleFig(id=1320167032394466245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166504344175096, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

富硒猕猴桃矿物质元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物质元素含量翠香徐香脐红
硒含量
(mg/kg DW)
果肉0.106±0.003Cb0.272±0.010Ac0.249±0.009Bc
果皮1.577±0.012Ba3.635±0.016Aa1.402±0.014Ca
果籽0.231±0.018Cc0.621±0.011Ab0.490±0.012Bb
果实中的其他
矿物质元素(mg/100 g)
K310.69±1.49a293.98±2.94b287.35±2.05c
Ca25.32±0.57b23.73±0.81c28.58±0.86a
Na4.70±0.15a4.60±0.26a4.85±0.12a
P20.55±0.18b20.87±0.1ab21.63±0.64a
Mg13.49±0.22b14.83±0.14a13.38±0.36b
Fe0.28±0.02b0.34±0.04a0.39±0.03a
Zn0.26±0.03a0.19±0.01b0.22±0.02ab
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不同品种富硒猕猴桃的硒分布及生物活性评价
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侯丹婷 1 , 赵沁雨 1 , 佘珍云 1 , 张文慧 1, 2 , 王亚国 3 , 孙翔宇 4 , 马婷婷 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(11): 344-352
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (11) : 344 -352
不同品种富硒猕猴桃的硒分布及生物活性评价
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侯丹婷1 , 赵沁雨1, 佘珍云1, 张文慧1, 2, 王亚国3, 孙翔宇4, 马婷婷1, *
作者信息
  • 1西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
  • 2安康市农业科学研究院,陕西安康 725021
  • 3陕西佰瑞猕猴桃研究院有限公司,陕西西安 710054
  • 4西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌 712100
通讯作者:
马婷婷(1987−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬加工与品质调控,E-mail:。
作者简介:

侯丹婷(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

Evaluation of Selenium Distribution and Bioactivity in Different Varieties of Selenium-enriched Kiwifruit
Danting HOU1 , Qinyu ZHAO1, Zhenyun SHE1, Wenhui ZHANG1, 2, Yaguo WANG3, Xiangyu SUN4, Tingting MA1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
  • 2Ankang Municipality Agricultural Science Research Institute, Ankang 725021, China
  • 3Shaanxi Bairui Kiwifruit Research Institute, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 4College of Enology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060195
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本研究以陕西省汉阴县种植的富硒猕猴桃品种‘翠香’‘徐香’和‘脐红’为研究对象,系统分析了其理化特性、硒含量、功能性成分及生物活性。结果表明,干物质含量、总可溶性固形物、总糖、pH及糖酸比等关键品质指标在不同品种富硒猕猴桃间呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。三种富硒猕猴桃的硒含量均≥0.10 mg/kg,符合富硒水果的硒含量要求。硒含量在果实不同品种和部位间差异显著(P<0.05),三种果实硒分布为果皮>果籽>果肉,且‘徐香’对硒的富集能力显著高于‘翠香’与‘脐红’。猕猴桃富含钾、钙、镁等矿物质元素,‘翠香’的矿物质总量、VC、多酚和抗氧化能力显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。此外,不同品种的富硒猕猴桃对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶均表现出一定的抑制活性,其中‘翠香’对三种酶的抑制效果最强。本研究通过解析不同品种富硒猕猴桃的组分特征与生物活性差异,为富硒猕猴桃的功能性食品开发提供了科学依据。

富硒猕猴桃  /  果实品质  /  总硒含量  /  生物活性化合物  /  酶抑制活性

This study took the three selenium-enriched kiwifruit varieties 'Cui Xiang' 'Xu Xiang' and 'Qi Hong' grown in Hanyin County, Shaanxi Province as the research objects, and systematically analyzed their physicochemical properties, selenium content, functional components and biological activities. The results showed that the key quality indicators such as dry matter content, total soluble solids, total sugar, pH, and sugar-acid ratio presented significant differences among the three selenium-enriched kiwifruit varieties (P<0.05). The selenium content of the three selenium-enriched kiwifruits was all≥0.10 mg/kg, meeting the selenium content requirements of selenium-enriched fruits. The selenium content showed significant differences among different varieties and parts of the fruits (P<0.05), and the selenium distribution in the three fruits was peel>seeds>pulp, with 'Xu Xiang' having a significantly higher selenium accumulation ability than 'Cui Xiang' and 'Qi Hong'. Kiwifruit was rich in mineral elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium. The total mineral content, VC, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of 'Cui Xiang' were significantly higher than those of the other varieties (P<0.05). In addition, the three selenium-enriched kiwifruit varieties all showed certain inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase, among which 'Cui Xiang' had the strongest inhibitory effect on the three enzymes. This study provided a scientific basis for the development of functional foods from selenium-enriched kiwifruit by analyzing the component characteristics and biological activity differences among different varieties of selenium-enriched kiwifruit.

selenium-enriched kiwifruit  /  fruit quality  /  total selenium content  /  bioactive compounds  /  enzyme inhibitory activity
侯丹婷, 赵沁雨, 佘珍云, 张文慧, 王亚国, 孙翔宇, 马婷婷. 不同品种富硒猕猴桃的硒分布及生物活性评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 344 -352 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060195
Danting HOU, Qinyu ZHAO, Zhenyun SHE, Wenhui ZHANG, Yaguo WANG, Xiangyu SUN, Tingting MA. Evaluation of Selenium Distribution and Bioactivity in Different Varieties of Selenium-enriched Kiwifruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 344 -352 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060195
猕猴桃滋味鲜美,营养丰富,被认为是最受欢迎的水果之一,其富含维生素、矿物质、类胡萝卜素、膳食纤维、有机酸和抗氧化物质等,深受消费者青睐[1]。在常见水果中,其营养充足性评分和营养密度均较高,被誉为“水果之王”[2]。猕猴桃原产于中国,目前,世界上猕猴桃的主要生产国有5个,分别是意大利、新西兰、中国、希腊和智利,其中中国占世界总产量的一半以上,种植面积居世界第一[3]。近年来,大量研究证据表明,膳食中摄入猕猴桃及其加工制品对慢性代谢综合征的预防和管理具有积极作用,同时有助于增强免疫功能和抗氧化防御能力[4−6]。这些健康效益主要归因于猕猴桃中富含的多种生物活性植物化学物质,包括酚酸、类黄酮、花青素和果胶多糖等,这些成分赋予了猕猴桃广泛的药理特性,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗糖尿病、降血糖和降血脂等作用[7]。在抗糖尿病活性方面,抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶可减少淀粉的分解,减缓葡萄糖进入血液的速度。Sudha等[8]报道称,猕猴桃能有效抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶,且对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用更强。在预防肥胖方面,抑制胰脂肪酶可有效减少脂肪吸收。体外研究表明,猕猴桃提取物具有一定的胰脂肪酶抑制活性,可作为一种胰脂肪酶抑制剂来对抗肥胖[8]。基于其显著的营养价值和功能特性,猕猴桃已被广泛应用于普通食品、功能性食品、医药及化妆品等领域[9]。
近年来,随着人们对健康饮食的关注度不断提高,富硒食品因其潜在的抗氧化、免疫调节和抗癌等生理功能而备受关注。硒(Se)是人体必需微量元素,具有抗氧化、增强免疫功能和预防慢性疾病等多种生理功能[10]。由于猕猴桃对硒具有良好的富集能力,富硒猕猴桃不仅具有普通猕猴桃的营养成分,还通过硒的强化进一步提升了其生物活性和健康效益[11]。然而,不同品种的猕猴桃在果实品质、硒含量、抗氧化能力及生物活性方面存在显著差异,这与其品种特性、栽培条件及硒的吸收和分布密切相关[12]。因此,研究不同品种富硒猕猴桃的理化特性、硒含量、抗氧化能力及其生物活性,对于开发功能性食品和促进猕猴桃产业的健康持续发展具有重要意义。
因此,本文通过对‘翠香’‘徐香’和‘脐红’三个富硒猕猴桃品种的理化指标、硒含量、矿物质元素、维生素C(VC)、总酚、总黄酮等功能性成分分析,并进一步探讨其在体外降血糖、抑制胰脂肪酶等方面的生物活性。为富硒猕猴桃的品质评价和功能性食品开发提供科学依据。
选用富硒猕猴桃品种‘翠香’‘徐香’‘脐红’为试验原料,于2023年9月采摘自陕西省汉阴县陕西果业集团规范化果园。采集无病虫害,无机械损伤的猕猴桃果实进行实验;福林酚、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基肼(DPPH)、2,6-二氯吲哚酚、2,4,6-三吡啶-s-三嗪(TPTZ)、6-羟基-2,5,7,8-四甲基色烷-2-羧酸(Trolox)、α-淀粉酶(5 U/mg)、对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(PNPG)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(100 U)、猪胰脂肪酶(TyPe II)、奥利司他 购自美国Sigma公司;阿卡波糖、2,6-二氯靛酚 购自中国上海阿拉丁试剂公司;其余试剂如氢氧化钠、硫酸铜等均为分析纯 购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
PAL-1手持糖度仪 日本爱拓公司;雷磁PHS-3E pH计 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;Ci7600色度仪 爱色丽(上海)色彩科技有限公司;UV-2800A型紫外可见分光光度计 上海尤尼柯仪器有限公司;Scientz-100F冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;PinAAcle900原子吸收分光光度计 美国Perkin Elmer公司。
每个品种随机挑选30个果实(每组10个,3次生物学重复)进行理化指标的测定。干物质含量采用烘干法[13]测定:于猕猴桃中端取出2 mm薄片称重,置于65 ℃烘箱烘至恒重,烘干前后猕猴桃片重量的比值为干物质含量(%)。可溶性固形物(Total Soluble Solid,TSS)使用PAL-1手持糖度仪测定。pH采用PHS-3E pH计测定。采用GB 12456-2021《食品安全国家标准 食品中总酸的测定》中酸碱指示剂滴定法测定样品的可滴定酸(Titratable Acid,TA)含量。采用GB/T 15038-2006《葡萄酒、果酒通用分析方法》中的酸碱指示剂滴定法测定样品总糖含量。糖酸比表示为总糖含量和TA的比值。
分别选取富硒猕猴桃的果皮、果肉、果籽,冻干24 h磨粉后备用,总硒含量的测定参照GB 5009.93-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中硒的测定》中第一法氢化物原子荧光光谱法并稍作修改。每组实验重复三次测定。将2 g样品与6 mL浓硝酸振荡混合后放入微波消解仪中消解,消解结束后放至室温冷却,加入5 mL盐酸溶液(6 mol/L),180 ℃赶酸至溶液清亮无色并有白烟出现,继续加热至剩余1~2 mL后冷却,定容至25 mL以备测试。
矿物元素含量的测定参考Zhang等[14]的方法加以修改。取5 g富硒猕猴桃匀浆样品置于锥形瓶中,加入10 mL硝酸和0.5 mL高氯酸,在可调式加热板上消解,经硝酸或高氯酸湿法消解预处理后,使用PinAAcle900原子吸收分光光度计检测矿物元素。每种矿物元素的测定采用以下国家标准方法:Ca、K、Na、Zn、Mg、P和Fe分别参照(GB 5009.92-2016、GB 5009.91-2017、GB 5009.14-2017、GB 5009.241-2017、GB 5009.87-2016、GB 5009.87-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中钙、钾、钠、锌、镁、磷、铁的测定》。每组实验重复三次测定。
富硒猕猴桃的VC含量采用GB 5009.86-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中抗坏血酸的测定》中2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法进行测定。
采用福林酚比色法[5]测定富硒猕猴桃果浆样品中的TPC含量。总酚提取物制备:取5 mL猕猴桃果浆至装有15 mL 70%乙醇溶液的离心管中,在350 W,30 ℃下超声提取15 min后8000 r/min,4 ℃下离心10 min,获得上清液;向沉淀中再次加入15 mL 70%乙醇溶液进行重复超声提取、离心,合并两次上清液得到提取物。
总酚的测定:将提取物(0.2 mL)、福林酚试剂(2 mL)和7.5%碳酸钠溶液(1.8 mL)依次加入离心管中混匀,在室温(25±2 ℃)下避光反应1 h。反应结束后,使用紫外分光光度计在765 nm处测定吸光度。多酚含量以mg没食子酸当量(Gallic Acid Equivalents,GAE)/g样品表示。
采用氯化铝比色法[15]测定富硒猕猴桃果浆样品中的TFC含量。将总酚提取物(0.5 mL)加入0.3 mL 0.5 mol/L亚硝酸钠溶液,摇匀后静置3 min,再依次加入0.3 mL 0.3 mol/L氯化铝溶液和2 mL 1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,并用70%乙醇定容至5 mL,摇匀静置10 min。在506 nm测定吸光度,以不加显色液(氯化铝)的反应液为空白,结果以mg儿茶酚当量(Catechin Equivalents,CE)/g样品表示。每组实验重复三次测定。
采用比色法测定富硒猕猴桃果浆样品的铁离子还原能力(Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power,FRAP),参考Ma等[5]的方法加以修改。TPTZ试剂配制方法为:500 mL pH3.6的醋酸盐缓冲液,50 mL 10 mmol/L的TPTZ溶液,50 mL 20 mmol/L的氯化铁混合即可。FRAP的测定:取0.25 mL总酚提取物和8 mL TPTZ工作液于试管中,在37 ℃下反应10 min后,于593 nm处测定其吸光度,记录数据。结果用μmol Trolox equiv(TE)/mL样品表示。
富硒猕猴桃果浆样品的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Activity,DPPH)测定,参考Ma等[5]的方法加以修改。DPPH试剂配制方法为:适量DPPH完全溶解于乙醇中,调整517 nm处吸光值为2±0.005即可。DPPH自由基清除能力的测定:取0.25 mL总酚提取物和4 mL刚配制的DPPH溶液于试管中,混合均匀,避光反应30 min,以无水乙醇标零,于517 nm处测定其吸光度,记录数据。结果用μmol Trolox/mL样品表示。
α-淀粉酶抑制活性测定参考胡童霞等[16]的方法,并作适当修改。样品提取液的制备方法为:称取1 g富硒猕猴桃果粉于50 mL离心管中,加入20 mL 70%乙醇溶液,25 ℃、350 W超声提取30 min,4 ℃下10000 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液,重复以上提取步骤两次,合并3次上清液定容到50 mL以备后续测定。将样品提取液和阿卡波糖配制成梯度质量浓度为0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00 mg/mL的溶液。使用酶标仪于540 nm处测定吸光值。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性测定按照郭峰等[17]方法稍作修改。将样品提取液和阿卡波糖浓度配制为0.20、0.40、0.60、0.80、1.00 mg/mL的溶液。在405 nm处测定其吸光度。以阿卡波糖作为阳性对照,按公式(1)计算酶抑制率,建立对数回归曲线以计算IC50值(mg/mL)。
$ 酶抑制率 (\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{4}}}\right)\times \text{100} $
式中,A1为样品和酶溶液的反应组;A2为样品对照组以PBS缓冲液代替酶溶液;A3为空白对照组以PBS缓冲液代替样品溶液;A4为溶剂对照组为不加酶和样品。
参考Podsedek等[18]的测定方法并略作修改,取100 μL 1.00、2.00、4.00、8.00、16.00 mg/mL的样品提取液,依次加入200 μL 50 mmol/L pH7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液和100 μL胰脂肪酶溶液(5 mg/mL,溶于50 mmol/L pH7.4 Tris缓冲液中),混合摇匀,在37 ℃下孵育10 min后,再加入100 μL 2 mmol/L的PNPB,在37 ℃下孵育15 min后在410 nm处测定吸光度。以奥利司他为阳性对照,按公式(2)计算胰脂肪酶的抑制率,建立对数回归曲线以计算IC50值(mg/mL)。
$ 胰脂肪酶抑制率 (\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{6}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{7}}}\right)\times \text{100} $
式中,A0为样品组;A5为用Tris缓冲液代替胰脂肪酶溶液的样品对照组;A6为纯水代替样品的空白组;A7为用纯水代替样品溶液、缓冲液代替胰脂肪酶溶液的空白对照组。
本实验使用Excel 2016、SPSS 20和Origin 2022软件进行数据处理并分析制作图表,除特殊说明外,实验数据结果以3次平行实验测定结果的平均值±标准差来表示。采用SPSS 20统计分析软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和显著性分析,以P<0.05表示差异显著。
干物质含量是果实有机化合物积累和营养组成成分的重要指标,主要由两部分组成:一部分是可溶性固体,主要是糖、有机酸和少量矿物质,另一部分是由结构碳水化合物和淀粉组成的不溶性固体[19]。不同品种富硒猕猴桃果实干物质含量如图1A所示,其中‘脐红’猕猴桃的干物质含量最高,达21.34%±0.09%,‘徐香’猕猴桃的干物质含量最低为18.41%±0.18%。TSS含有多种可以溶于水的成分,例如糖、酸、维生素和一些矿物质。它是评估猕猴桃风味和口感的重要指标之一[6]。据报道,猕猴桃食用成熟阶段的TSS含量约在12.10~19.13°Brix之间[14,20]。如图1B所示,‘翠香’和‘脐红’的TSS为16.86±0.54°Brix和16.31±0.48°Brix,无显著性差异(P>0.05),而‘徐香’的TSS含量最低,为14.55±0.51°Brix。这些差异可能是由品种和栽培条件不同导致的[12]。总糖含量与TSS类似,如图1C所示,不同品种富硒猕猴桃的总糖含量范围介于70.46~92.67 g/kg之间,平均值为81.56 g/kg。Yuan等[21]对不同品种猕猴桃的理化及营养品质进行研究,结果发现‘徐香’的总糖含量为107.60 g/kg,这与本文的研究结果不一致。这主要是因为每个栽培地区的地理位置、土壤条件和栽培措施存在差异,尽管如此,品种仍然是决定果实品质的最主要因素[22]。
水果的酸甜口感与其pH密切相关。如图1D所示,不同品种富硒猕猴桃的pH在3.45~3.57之间。‘徐香’的pH最高,‘脐红’次之,‘翠香’的pH最低。Liang等[12]对15个不同品种猕猴桃的pH进行测定,发现‘翠香’、‘徐香’和‘脐红’三种猕猴桃中‘翠香’的pH最低,与本试验研究结果类似。TA也是反映果实风味品质的重要指标,其含量的高低影响着猕猴桃果实的口感[6]。由图1E可知,三个品种猕猴桃的TA介于14.05~14.71 g/kg之间,均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。猕猴桃糖酸比的平衡决定猕猴桃的适口性,从而决定消费者的接受度[23]。从图1F中可以看出,富硒‘翠香’和‘脐红’的糖酸比显著高于富硒‘徐香’猕猴桃(P<0.05),说明这两个品种比‘徐香’猕猴桃更甜。
不同品种富硒猕猴桃不同部位的硒含量如表1所示。由表可知三个品种中果皮部位的总硒含量最高,其次是果籽,最后是果肉。‘徐香’的果皮、果籽和果肉中的总硒含量分别为3.635±0.016、0.621±0.011和0.272±0.010 mg/kg,显著高于‘翠香’和‘脐红’中总硒含量(P<0.05)。Deng等[24]对梨树叶面施用硒肥,观察到梨果不同部位的总硒含量分布存在显著差异,其含量顺序为:果皮>果渣>果汁。然而,Xu等[25]对富硒猕猴桃中硒的分布研究发现,种子中的总硒含量最高,为110.66 μg/kg,去皮水果、果肉的总硒含量分别为57.10和52.01 μg/kg,果皮中的总硒含量最低,为16.18 μg/kg。邓小芳等[26]研究发现不同喷施时期和不同硒源的‘金桃’猕猴桃硒吸收累积有显著差异,其中,幼果期喷硒,果肉中硒的积累分配最高,为52%~58%;膨大期喷施,果肉中硒的积累分配比降低了16%~19%;而糖分累积期喷施,硒主要累积分配在果皮中,占比为76%~82%,说明叶面喷硒后,硒可能首先存积在果实表面,然后慢慢向果肉转运,喷施时期适当前移,果肉中硒的累积分配比越高。综上所述,果园的栽培管理措施、喷施时期的差异、硒肥的种类和浓度、不同硒源、喷洒方式及品种对硒肥的吸收利用率都可能导致果实富硒能力的不同。本研究在同一栽培条件下发现‘徐香’对硒的富集能力显著高于‘翠香’和‘脐红’,各部位的总硒含量更高。
根据DB61/T 556-2018陕西省地方标准《富硒含硒食品与相关产品硒含量》可知,富硒猕猴桃作为植物类的水果及坚果制品,其硒含量要求≥0.02 mg/kg,本试验测定的三个品种的富硒猕猴桃的硒含量均≥0.10 mg/kg,完全达到了富硒食品的要求,且远高于普通猕猴桃果实的硒含量(0.04~0.06 μg/g)[27]。根据《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2023版)》,建议成年人每日摄入60 μg的硒即可满足机体正常生理需要,因此每日食用2~3个质量约为120~220 g富含硒猕猴桃可以比普通猕猴桃多摄取60~120 μg的硒元素。
猕猴桃是人体矿物质元素的良好来源[5]。本研究对富硒猕猴桃中7种矿物质元素进行了分析,其中包括5种常量元素和2种微量元素(表1)。研究发现三个品种的富硒猕猴桃中7种矿物质含量趋势基本一致。钾是猕猴桃中最丰富的矿物元素,其中‘翠香’含量最高达310.69±1.49 mg/100 g,‘脐红’最低为287.35±2.05 mg/100 g。而三个品种中钠元素含量均极低,介于4.6~4.85 mg/100 g之间。高钠摄入与高血压、肾功能不全、哮喘、胃癌和骨质疏松症有关。相反,从水果和蔬菜中摄取钾有利于降低血压,可以抵消钠对血压的负面影响[14]。显然猕猴桃是典型的高钾低钠水果,可以降低上述疾病的患病风险。
钙是植物细胞的关键元素,在植物的生长和发育过程中起着重要的调节作用[28]。不同品种富硒猕猴桃的钙元素含量范围介于23.73~28.58 mg/100 g之间,显著高于葡萄柚、苹果、香蕉、葡萄、芒果等水果[29−30]。本研究对镁元素的测试发现,‘徐香’的镁含量(14.83±0.14 mg/100 g)高于‘翠香’(13.49±0.22 mg/100 g)和‘脐红’(13.38±0.36 mg/100 g),与李跃红等[22]的研究结果相似。不同品种富硒猕猴桃所含矿物质总量差异显著,其中‘翠香’矿物质总量最高为394 mg/100 g,其次为‘徐香’,‘脐红’猕猴桃最低。王彩霞等[31]对陕西眉县猕猴桃的9种矿物质含量进行测定也发现了‘翠香’比‘徐香’的矿物质元素总量高。
猕猴桃因VC含量较高,素有 “VC 之王” 的美誉。VC不仅是猕猴桃中最重要的营养素,其含量也是衡量果实品质、反映果实抗氧化特性的重要指标之一[18]。如图2A所示,VC含量最高的是‘翠香’(122.41±3.53 mg/100 g),其次是‘徐香’,最低的是‘脐红’,其VC含量仅有85.76±1.07 mg/100 g。这与之前研究得到的结果一致[5,14,22]。本实验所有样品均来自相同的种植基地,气候条件一致,因此VC含量的变化主要取决于富硒猕猴桃品种。
猕猴桃也是膳食多酚的良好来源,果实中的酚类化合物对果实的色泽、口感、风味、营养品质起着至关重要的作用。由图2B可知,在三种不同品种的富硒猕猴桃中,TPC的范围为1.54~3.74 mg GAE/g DW。大量研究表明,猕猴桃中VC含量和TPC呈显著的正相关[6,14]。与VC含量的变化趋势相同,‘翠香’的TPC最高,其次是‘徐香’,最后是‘脐红’。黄酮类化合物是一组天然多酚物质,广泛存在于植物中,因其具有调节人体免疫细胞活性、清除体内自由基及抗氧化和其他促进健康的特性而受到重视[32]。由图2C可知,猕猴桃中含有丰富的TFC,其中‘翠香’的TFC最高,为0.18 mg CE/g,‘徐香’的TFC较低,为0.16 mg CE/g。Liu等[33]评价了8个猕猴桃品种(包含‘徐香’和‘脐红’)的TPC和TFC,发现‘徐香’的TPC高于‘脐红’,TFC低于‘脐红’,这与本研究结果一致。
如图3所示,三种富硒猕猴桃的DPPH自由基清除力为170.36~188.25 μmol TE/mL,FRAP值范围为34.54~40.91 μmol TE/mL,其中‘翠香’的DPPH值和FRAP值最高,‘脐红’的DPPH值和FRAP值最低,高于普通猕猴桃的抗氧化能力[6]。Zheng等[27]对2种富硒和3种普通猕猴桃的抗氧化活性研究同样发现富硒猕猴桃表现出比普通猕猴桃更加优异的抗氧化活性。Liu等[34]在研究叶面喷施纳米硒对猕猴桃的抗氧化能力影响中也发现纳米硒处理提高了猕猴桃的营养品质和抗氧化能力。这种现象可能归因于富硒猕猴桃中总硒含量的升高;硒可以通过降低酚酶活性和减少脂质过氧化来增强果实的抗氧化能力;其次抗氧化活性物质总酚和总黄酮的含量增加也进一步增强了抗氧化能力。‘翠香’的VC、多酚和黄酮含量是3种富硒猕猴桃中最高的,因此其DPPH值和FRAP值也最高。
α-淀粉酶是人体消化淀粉的关键酶,它可以水解碳水化合物内部的α-1,4-糖苷键,将人体摄入的淀粉水解并最终生成葡萄糖。通过抑制其活性可阻止碳水化合物的转化,使餐后血糖浓度的升高变缓从而有效地控制人体血糖水平[16]。猕猴桃作为一种富含多酚的低GI水果,可以控制淀粉分解和肠道葡萄糖吸收,为控制二型糖尿病患者餐后高血糖提供有效解决方法[35]。富硒猕猴桃对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用如图4A所示,在试验浓度范围内(0.1~2.0 mg/mL),随着样品提取液浓度的提高,富硒‘翠香’的α-淀粉酶抑制率逐渐从20%增大到89%,尽管猕猴桃样品提取液对α-淀粉酶抑制效果显著低于阿卡波糖阳性组(P<0.05),但其对α-淀粉酶也表现较好的抑制能力,且抑制水平与活性成分含量呈现出一定的剂量依赖性。图4B表明,‘翠香’的IC50值最低,为0.36 mg/mL,‘脐红’的IC50值最高,为0.45 mg/mL,说明‘翠香’猕猴桃的抑制效果优于‘徐香’和‘脐红’。
富硒猕猴桃样品提取液对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制机理与α-淀粉酶相似,通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性可以使碳水化合物转变为可吸收单糖的速度变慢,从而有效控制餐后血糖水平[17]。图5A、图5B为阳性对照阿卡波糖和三种猕猴桃样品提取液在不同浓度下对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率。可以观察到‘翠香’样品提取液在0.2~1.0 mg/mL的浓度变化过程中抑制率显著高于‘徐香’和‘脐红’(P<0.05),说明其对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力明显强于其他两品种。当样品浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,‘翠香’猕猴桃可以达到81.92%的抑制率,说明其对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有一定的抑制作用。
Sudha等[8]报道称,猕猴桃能有效抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶,且对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用更强。Ma等[5]在探究猕猴桃生物活性比较中也发现,猕猴桃鲜果及其加工制品对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶具有良好的抑制效果。魏爱红等[36]对枇杷不同部位抑制这两种酶的研究发现:枇杷根醇提取物具有最强的α-淀粉酶抑制活性,IC50值为1.51±0.24 g/L,而枇杷花醇提取物具有最强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其IC50值为4.65±0.35 g/L。这可能与其不同药用部位的萜类、黄酮类成分含量差异有关。Nowicka等[37]的研究表明,桃子提取物对α-淀粉酶的抑制能力IC50值范围为1.41~4.55 mg/mL,而对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制能力IC50值范围为1.31~10.51 mg/mL。总的来说,富硒猕猴桃对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性显著低于药物阿卡波糖,但显著高于常见水果桃子和枇杷。由于阿卡波糖是生物合成药物,对人体具有一定的副作用,最常报告的不良事件是产生胃肠道副作用,主要表现为胃胀气和腹泻,偶见肝酶升高等现象[38−39],因此猕猴桃作为一种低GI水果具有成为α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的潜力。
胰脂肪酶是负责消化膳食脂肪的最重要的酶,因此抑制其活性可以对肥胖人群产生有益影响[40]。如图6A、图6B所示,阳性对照奥利司他IC50为0.11 mg/mL,3个品种的样品提取液对胰脂肪酶的抑制活性差异显著(P<0.05),其抑制作用的IC50值范围为4.98~7.50 mg/mL。说明不同品种猕猴桃的提取液均表现出一定的对胰脂肪酶的抑制效果。其中,‘翠香’的抑制效果最好,最后是‘脐红’。富硒猕猴桃样品的IC50值差异可能是由于不同品种的多酚含量和单体酚的组成不同引起的。研究表明奥利司他通过与胰脂肪酶活性位点上的丝氨酸发生共价结合使酶失活,而许多多酚类物质通过与胰脂肪酶的非活性位点发生非共价结合来抑制酶活力[40]。Qiao等[35]探究软枣猕猴桃的多酚成分和生物活性潜力研究发现,酚酸类成分与胰脂肪酶抑制活性呈现显著关联性,其中羟基苯甲酸己糖苷、绿原酸及咖啡酸等单体的含量与胰脂肪酶抑制率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),是该果实发挥胰脂肪酶抑制作用的核心活性贡献者之一。除酚酸类外,矢车菊素-3-O-sambubioside(C3S)作为猕猴桃中主要花青素被证实是胰脂肪酶的有效抑制剂,其抑制活性与其分子结构特征密切相关。
本研究揭示了富硒猕猴桃‘翠香’‘徐香’和‘脐红’的理化特性、硒分布、功能性成分及生物活性方面的差异。结果表明,三种富硒猕猴桃在果实品质、硒富集能力及生物活性方面存在显著差异。理化特性分析表明,‘脐红’干物质含量最高为21.34%±0.09%。‘翠香’的TSS与总糖含量较高,且糖酸比明显优于‘徐香’和‘脐红’,表明其风味更佳。对比三种富硒猕猴桃硒含量发现,所有样品均达到DB61/T 556-2018陕西省地方标准《富硒含硒食品与相关产品硒含量》富硒水果的硒含量标准,三个品种中果皮部位的总硒含量最高,其次是果籽,最后是果肉。‘徐香’对硒的吸收和富集能力最强,果实硒含量达4.53 mg/kg。此外,猕猴桃富含钾、钙、镁等矿物质元素,不同品种的富硒猕猴桃矿物质总量存在差异,其中‘翠香’含量最高。在功能性成分方面,‘翠香’的VC含量最高为122.41±3.53 mg/100 g,多酚含量高达3.74±0.07 mg GAE/g DW,且其抗氧化活性显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。酶抑制活性显示,三种富硒猕猴桃对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶均表现出一定的抑制作用,且呈浓度依赖性,其中‘翠香’对三种酶的抑制效果最强。综上所述,富硒‘翠香’以高糖酸比、高多酚含量、强抗氧化活性和良好的酶抑制活性,适用于开发高附加值的功能性食品或膳食补充剂;富硒‘徐香’表现出最强的硒富集能力,其果皮部位可作为提取富硒成分的良好原料;‘脐红’可能在加工适应性方面具有一定优势。未来研究可进一步探讨硒与其他功能性成分的协同作用机制,以推动富硒猕猴桃在功能性食品和医药领域的开发与应用。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060195
  • 接收时间:2025-06-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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    1西北农林科技大学食品科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌 712100
    2安康市农业科学研究院,陕西安康 725021
    3陕西佰瑞猕猴桃研究院有限公司,陕西西安 710054
    4西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌 712100

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马婷婷(1987−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:果蔬加工与品质调控,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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