Article(id=1320884416394674231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060103, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749571200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852985714, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852985714, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852985714, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852985714, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=285, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884416591806520, articleId=1320884416394674231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Determination and Risk Level Assessment of Fluoride Content in Food Packaging Paper and Its Raw Materials, columnId=1261343852057772164, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Packaging and Machinery, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food packaging paper were strictly regulated due to their high toxicity and migration risks. This study aimed to systematically assess the fluoride content levels in food packaging paper and analyze their possible sources in raw and auxiliary materials. The total fluorine (TF), total organic fluorine (TOF), and extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in 26 commercial paper packaging materials and 65 raw and auxiliary materials for papermaking were quantitatively analyzed using the oxygen bomb combustion-ion selective electrode method and online combustion-ion chromatography. The results showed that the total fluorine and extractable organic fluorine contents in the 10 types of greaseproof paper were 330.15~1099.49 mg/kg and 39.20~101.83 mg/kg, respectively, and those in the 16 types of unprocessed raw paper were 15.33~121.03 mg/kg and 0~2.87 mg/kg, respectively. The total fluorine content in mineral fillers such as talc and bentonite used in food packaging paper was 174.03~688.20 mg/kg, which was much higher than that in other auxiliary materials and was the main source of fluorides in food contact paper. Most sizing agents, fungicides and other chemical additives had low levels of total fluorine content, ranging from 20.11 to 31.41 mg/kg. This study provides a research reference for the control of fluorides in food packaging paper.

, authors=Yuting ZHAN1, Nengmo LIU2, Qinghua YANG2, Qinbao LIN1, *, Guanming CHEN1, Shiqiang LU3, Hongsheng MA3, Ting LI4, authorsList=Yuting ZHAN, Nengmo LIU, Qinghua YANG, Qinbao LIN, Guanming CHEN, Shiqiang LU, Hongsheng MA, Ting LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qinbao LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884420639309885, articleId=1320884416394674231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=食品包装用纸及原辅料中氟化物含量测定及风险水平分析, columnId=1261343861805334715, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=包装与机械, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

食品包装用纸中潜在的全氟和多氟烷基化合物(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)因其高毒性和迁移风险受到严格监管。本研究旨在系统评估食品包装用纸中氟化物的含量水平,并分析其在原辅料中的可能来源。采用氧弹燃烧-离子选择电极法与在线燃烧-离子色谱法,对26种市售纸包装材料及65种造纸原辅料中的总氟(TF)、总有机氟(TOF)和可提取有机氟(EOF)进行定量分析。结果显示,所检测的10种防油纸中总氟、可提取有机氟含量分别为330.15~1099.49 mg/kg和39.20~101.83 mg/kg,16种未加工原纸中总氟、可提取有机氟含量分别为15.33~121.03 mg/kg和0~2.87 mg/kg。食品包装用纸的矿物填料如滑石粉、膨润土的总氟含量为174.03~688.20 mg/kg,远高于其他辅料的总氟含量,是食品包装用纸中氟化物的主要来源。从多数施胶剂、杀菌剂等化学助剂中检测到较低水平的总氟含量,为20.11~31.41 mg/kg。本研究为食品包装用纸中氟化物的管控提供了研究参考。

, authors=詹雨婷1, 刘能模2, 杨青华2, 林勤保1, *, 陈冠铭1, 卢诗强3, 马洪生3, 李烃4, authorsList=詹雨婷, 刘能模, 杨青华, 林勤保, 陈冠铭, 卢诗强, 马洪生, 李烃, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=林勤保, authorNote=

詹雨婷(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
林勤保(1960−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=58nMEFxguym7yWzzUW5OaA==, magXml=Fff9zizXzztgFq3AFnXL6A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=dJpRUeCrZrDWGwhup3p9ug==, pdfFileSize=2157943, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=E1dkOAtdDNoJxA435+6aSA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=OGuEi3G9TWH/fKOAqC4LZg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884421356535883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=ytzhan2023@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884421524308045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, authorId=1320884421356535883, language=EN, stringName=Yuting ZHAN, firstName=Yuting, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320884421595611214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, authorId=1320884421356535883, language=CN, stringName=詹雨婷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1暨南大学包装工程学院,广东珠海 519070, bio={"content":"

詹雨婷(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:

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詹雨婷(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:

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Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 2018, 11(4): 264−272., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320884420874190910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884420882579519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884420874190910, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884420890968128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884420874190910, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1暨南大学包装工程学院,广东珠海 519070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884421067128897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884421075517506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884421067128897, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Zhili Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangdong 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884421083906115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884421067128897, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2知里科技(广东)有限公司,广东广州 510000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884421146820676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884421205540933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884421146820676, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Zhuhai Hongta Renheng Packaging Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519070, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884421218123846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884421146820676, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3珠海红塔仁恒包装股份有限公司,广东珠海 519070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884421285232711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884421289427016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884421285232711, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Gongbei Custom Technological Center, Zhuhai 519000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884421297815625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, companyId=1320884421285232711, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4拱北海关技术中心,广东珠海 519000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320884425915744382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Details of collected sample in this study, figureFileSmall=Xgt3cRqNNHBUP81gHbH7OA==, figureFileBig=E1dkOAtdDNoJxA435+6aSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884426003824767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=CN, label=图1, caption=本研究中收集样品的具体信息, figureFileSmall=Xgt3cRqNNHBUP81gHbH7OA==, figureFileBig=E1dkOAtdDNoJxA435+6aSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884426196762752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of total fluorine, inorganic fluorine and extractable organic fluorine in food packaging paper materials, figureFileSmall=SqcgY0w7uiT/LqC7VGnhYw==, figureFileBig=YqB3s3VqMhvAkxNwGeyucQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884426284843137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=CN, label=图2, caption=食品包装用纸中总氟、总有机氟和可提取有机氟结果, figureFileSmall=SqcgY0w7uiT/LqC7VGnhYw==, figureFileBig=YqB3s3VqMhvAkxNwGeyucQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884426364534914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Linear range, LOD and LOQ of different fluoride determination methods

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方法类型标准曲线线性范围(μg/L)决定系数(R2)LOD(mg/kg)LOQ(mg/kg)
TFIFEOFTFIFEOF
ISEy=−62.58x+433.2920~5000.99962.500.501.007.501.503.00
CICy=0.0034x+0.014050~10000.99861.25−−2.50−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426448420995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同氟化物含量测定方法的线性范围、检出限和定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方法类型标准曲线线性范围(μg/L)决定系数(R2)LOD(mg/kg)LOQ(mg/kg)
TFIFEOFTFIFEOF
ISEy=−62.58x+433.2920~5000.99962.500.501.007.501.503.00
CICy=0.0034x+0.014050~10000.99861.25−−2.50−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426536501380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Accuracy and precision of the method for different fluorides

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基质类型氟化物类型加标浓度(mg/kg)回收率(%)RSD(%)
原纸TF2.5089.2±3.27.1
3.7594.5±2.34.9
7.5098.8±1.53.1
IF0.5083.7±4.810.9
0.7590.1±3.16.7
1.5096.3±2.14.4
EOF1.0077.5±5.914.5
1.5086.9±4.39.6
3.0093.4±3.16.4
滑石粉TF2.5091.5±2.86.1
12.596.2±2.14.3
25.0100.3±1.53.0
IF0.5085.6±5.24.7
0.7592.1±3.35.0
1.5095.3±4.17.2
EOF1.0081.5±4.68.7
1.5086.9±2.35.5
3.0083.4±3.110.4
施胶剂TF2.5088.7±4.08.9
3.7594.5±2.55.3
7.5099.3±1.63.2
IF0.5080.2±5.512.9
0.7590.1±3.47.3
1.5096.8±2.55.1
EOF1.0081.5±7.29.4
1.5085.2±4.610.5
3.0092.9±3.36.9
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426607804549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同氟化物含量测定方法的方法正确度与精密度验证结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基质类型氟化物类型加标浓度(mg/kg)回收率(%)RSD(%)
原纸TF2.5089.2±3.27.1
3.7594.5±2.34.9
7.5098.8±1.53.1
IF0.5083.7±4.810.9
0.7590.1±3.16.7
1.5096.3±2.14.4
EOF1.0077.5±5.914.5
1.5086.9±4.39.6
3.0093.4±3.16.4
滑石粉TF2.5091.5±2.86.1
12.596.2±2.14.3
25.0100.3±1.53.0
IF0.5085.6±5.24.7
0.7592.1±3.35.0
1.5095.3±4.17.2
EOF1.0081.5±4.68.7
1.5086.9±2.35.5
3.0083.4±3.110.4
施胶剂TF2.5088.7±4.08.9
3.7594.5±2.55.3
7.5099.3±1.63.2
IF0.5080.2±5.512.9
0.7590.1±3.47.3
1.5096.8±2.55.1
EOF1.0081.5±7.29.4
1.5085.2±4.610.5
3.0092.9±3.36.9
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426700079238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Screening results of different fluorides in paper packaging materials

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样品编号TF
(mg/kg)
IF
(mg/kg)
TOF
(mg/kg)
EOF
(mg/kg)
TOF/TF
(%)
EOF/TF
(%)
S180.29<1.5078.792.1598.132.68
S228.81<1.5027.31<1.0094.793.47
S379.10<1.5077.60<1.0098.101.26
S496.45<1.5094.951.7198.441.77
S519.90<0.5019.40<1.0097.495.03
S658.81<0.5058.31<1.0099.151.70
S765.27<0.5064.77<1.0099.231.53
S826.44<0.5025.94<1.0098.113.78
S920.12<0.5019.62<1.0097.514.97
S1021.93<0.5021.43<1.0097.724.56
S1119.16<0.5018.66<1.0097.395.22
S12121.03<0.50120.53<1.0099.590.83
S1315.33<0.5014.83<1.0096.746.52
S1422.51<0.5022.01<1.0097.784.44
S1521.13<0.5020.63<1.0097.634.73
S16<7.50<0.50<7.002.87−−
S171099.49<0.501098.9939.2099.953.57
S18737.80<0.50737.3050.3799.936.83
S19330.15<0.50329.65101.8399.8530.84
S20471.63<0.50471.1390.4099.8919.17
S21496.63<0.50496.1377.5299.9015.61
S22434.06<0.50433.5656.3799.8812.99
S23450.33<0.50449.8366.0699.8914.67
S24601.02<0.50600.5270.5599.9211.74
S25440.30<1.50439.8057.1199.8912.97
S26388.54<0.50388.0451.8999.8713.36
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426779771015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

纸包装材料中不同氟化物含量的筛查结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号TF
(mg/kg)
IF
(mg/kg)
TOF
(mg/kg)
EOF
(mg/kg)
TOF/TF
(%)
EOF/TF
(%)
S180.29<1.5078.792.1598.132.68
S228.81<1.5027.31<1.0094.793.47
S379.10<1.5077.60<1.0098.101.26
S496.45<1.5094.951.7198.441.77
S519.90<0.5019.40<1.0097.495.03
S658.81<0.5058.31<1.0099.151.70
S765.27<0.5064.77<1.0099.231.53
S826.44<0.5025.94<1.0098.113.78
S920.12<0.5019.62<1.0097.514.97
S1021.93<0.5021.43<1.0097.724.56
S1119.16<0.5018.66<1.0097.395.22
S12121.03<0.50120.53<1.0099.590.83
S1315.33<0.5014.83<1.0096.746.52
S1422.51<0.5022.01<1.0097.784.44
S1521.13<0.5020.63<1.0097.634.73
S16<7.50<0.50<7.002.87−−
S171099.49<0.501098.9939.2099.953.57
S18737.80<0.50737.3050.3799.936.83
S19330.15<0.50329.65101.8399.8530.84
S20471.63<0.50471.1390.4099.8919.17
S21496.63<0.50496.1377.5299.9015.61
S22434.06<0.50433.5656.3799.8812.99
S23450.33<0.50449.8366.0699.8914.67
S24601.02<0.50600.5270.5599.9211.74
S25440.30<1.50439.8057.1199.8912.97
S26388.54<0.50388.0451.8999.8713.36
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426859462792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Screening results of different fluorides in auxiliary materials for papermaking

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样品分类具体类型编号TFIFEOFTOF/TF(%)EOF/TF(%)
平均值(mg/kg)SD(mg/kg)平均值(mg/kg)SD(mg/kg)平均值(mg/kg)SD(mg/kg)
原料纸浆板S73~S7626.147.91<1.50−<1.00−95.154.52
矿物原料滑石粉S27~S31338.21160.68<1.50−<1.00−99.130.58
膨润土S32688.20−5.69−2.91−99.170.42
轻钙S3365.27−<1.50−<1.00−97.451.70
化学助剂施胶剂S34~S4524.526.924.393.943.392.7291.1013.83
杀菌剂S46~S5023.504.53<0.50−4.033.8797.8217.15
助留剂S51~S5431.4110.08<0.50−6.182.8597.3320.09
湿强剂S55~S5721.100.06<0.50−9.483.0396.2044.93
干强剂S58~S6016.373.07<0.50−7.768.5196.8847.40
消泡剂S61~S6321.641.910.50−<1.00−97.684.70
淀粉类S64~S7220.115.05<0.50−<1.00−95.645.83
其它生产用水S77~S80<7.50−<0.50−<1.00−−−
其它S81~S9133.1525.507.185.042.190.9892.698.27
), ArticleFig(id=1320884426943348873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884416394674231, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

造纸原辅料中不同氟化物含量的筛查结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品分类具体类型编号TFIFEOFTOF/TF(%)EOF/TF(%)
平均值(mg/kg)SD(mg/kg)平均值(mg/kg)SD(mg/kg)平均值(mg/kg)SD(mg/kg)
原料纸浆板S73~S7626.147.91<1.50−<1.00−95.154.52
矿物原料滑石粉S27~S31338.21160.68<1.50−<1.00−99.130.58
膨润土S32688.20−5.69−2.91−99.170.42
轻钙S3365.27−<1.50−<1.00−97.451.70
化学助剂施胶剂S34~S4524.526.924.393.943.392.7291.1013.83
杀菌剂S46~S5023.504.53<0.50−4.033.8797.8217.15
助留剂S51~S5431.4110.08<0.50−6.182.8597.3320.09
湿强剂S55~S5721.100.06<0.50−9.483.0396.2044.93
干强剂S58~S6016.373.07<0.50−7.768.5196.8847.40
消泡剂S61~S6321.641.910.50−<1.00−97.684.70
淀粉类S64~S7220.115.05<0.50−<1.00−95.645.83
其它生产用水S77~S80<7.50−<0.50−<1.00−−−
其它S81~S9133.1525.507.185.042.190.9892.698.27
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食品包装用纸及原辅料中氟化物含量测定及风险水平分析
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詹雨婷 1 , 刘能模 2 , 杨青华 2 , 林勤保 1, * , 陈冠铭 1 , 卢诗强 3 , 马洪生 3 , 李烃 4
食品工业科技 | 包装与机械 2026,47(8): 285-291
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食品工业科技 |包装与机械 2026 , 47 (8) : 285 -291
食品包装用纸及原辅料中氟化物含量测定及风险水平分析
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詹雨婷1 , 刘能模2, 杨青华2, 林勤保1, * , 陈冠铭1, 卢诗强3, 马洪生3, 李烃4
作者信息
  • 1暨南大学包装工程学院,广东珠海 519070
  • 2知里科技(广东)有限公司,广东广州 510000
  • 3珠海红塔仁恒包装股份有限公司,广东珠海 519070
  • 4拱北海关技术中心,广东珠海 519000
通讯作者:
林勤保(1960−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

詹雨婷(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:

Determination and Risk Level Assessment of Fluoride Content in Food Packaging Paper and Its Raw Materials
Yuting ZHAN1 , Nengmo LIU2, Qinghua YANG2, Qinbao LIN1, * , Guanming CHEN1, Shiqiang LU3, Hongsheng MA3, Ting LI4
Affiliations
  • 1College of Packaging Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519070, China
  • 2Zhili Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangdong 510000, China
  • 3Zhuhai Hongta Renheng Packaging Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519070, China
  • 4Gongbei Custom Technological Center, Zhuhai 519000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060103
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食品包装用纸中潜在的全氟和多氟烷基化合物(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)因其高毒性和迁移风险受到严格监管。本研究旨在系统评估食品包装用纸中氟化物的含量水平,并分析其在原辅料中的可能来源。采用氧弹燃烧-离子选择电极法与在线燃烧-离子色谱法,对26种市售纸包装材料及65种造纸原辅料中的总氟(TF)、总有机氟(TOF)和可提取有机氟(EOF)进行定量分析。结果显示,所检测的10种防油纸中总氟、可提取有机氟含量分别为330.15~1099.49 mg/kg和39.20~101.83 mg/kg,16种未加工原纸中总氟、可提取有机氟含量分别为15.33~121.03 mg/kg和0~2.87 mg/kg。食品包装用纸的矿物填料如滑石粉、膨润土的总氟含量为174.03~688.20 mg/kg,远高于其他辅料的总氟含量,是食品包装用纸中氟化物的主要来源。从多数施胶剂、杀菌剂等化学助剂中检测到较低水平的总氟含量,为20.11~31.41 mg/kg。本研究为食品包装用纸中氟化物的管控提供了研究参考。

食品包装用纸  /  原辅料  /  总氟  /  可提取有机氟  /  测定  /  风险水平

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food packaging paper were strictly regulated due to their high toxicity and migration risks. This study aimed to systematically assess the fluoride content levels in food packaging paper and analyze their possible sources in raw and auxiliary materials. The total fluorine (TF), total organic fluorine (TOF), and extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in 26 commercial paper packaging materials and 65 raw and auxiliary materials for papermaking were quantitatively analyzed using the oxygen bomb combustion-ion selective electrode method and online combustion-ion chromatography. The results showed that the total fluorine and extractable organic fluorine contents in the 10 types of greaseproof paper were 330.15~1099.49 mg/kg and 39.20~101.83 mg/kg, respectively, and those in the 16 types of unprocessed raw paper were 15.33~121.03 mg/kg and 0~2.87 mg/kg, respectively. The total fluorine content in mineral fillers such as talc and bentonite used in food packaging paper was 174.03~688.20 mg/kg, which was much higher than that in other auxiliary materials and was the main source of fluorides in food contact paper. Most sizing agents, fungicides and other chemical additives had low levels of total fluorine content, ranging from 20.11 to 31.41 mg/kg. This study provides a research reference for the control of fluorides in food packaging paper.

food packaging paper  /  raw materials/additives  /  total fluoride  /  extractable organic fluoride  /  determination  /  risk level
詹雨婷, 刘能模, 杨青华, 林勤保, 陈冠铭, 卢诗强, 马洪生, 李烃. 食品包装用纸及原辅料中氟化物含量测定及风险水平分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 285 -291 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060103
Yuting ZHAN, Nengmo LIU, Qinghua YANG, Qinbao LIN, Guanming CHEN, Shiqiang LU, Hongsheng MA, Ting LI. Determination and Risk Level Assessment of Fluoride Content in Food Packaging Paper and Its Raw Materials[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 285 -291 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060103
全氟和多氟烷基化合物(per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance,PFAS)是指脂肪烃碳链上的氢原子被氟原子全部或部分取代的一类有机氟化合物。这种结构特性赋予了PFAS优异的防水防油性能,因此常作为防油助剂应用于食品包装用纸的表面涂层或浸渍工艺中[1−2]。然而,研究已表明PFAS物质具有环境持久性、生物累积性等高毒性,并且纸包装材料中潜在的PFAS能够在与食品接触的情况下迁移到食品中,引发食品安全问题[3−4]。CHEN等[5]广泛调查了国内食品包装用纸中PFAS的污染情况,从爆米花纸袋、烘焙纸等防油纸及植物基餐具等制品中均能够检出不同程度的全氟羧酸、饱和氟调聚物羧酸等,并且随着接触时间的增加,迁移到食品模拟物中的PFAS含量会逐渐增加。LERCH等[6−7]研究发现,尤其是在高温使用条件下,从纸包装中迁移到油脂性食品中的短链PFAS含量(比如全氟己酸)会显著增加,从而可能加剧对消费者的膳食暴露。
近年来,全球范围内对食品包装材料中PFAS的管控逐渐加强[1,8]。在中国,全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物、全氟辛酸、全氟己基磺酸等及其相关化合物在非特定工业用途下的生产和加工使用受到了管控和禁止[9]。考虑到PFAS的结构多样性,大量未鉴定的PFAS仍无法被充分监管[10]。因此,氟化物含量的筛查,成为了国外地区监管食品包装材料中潜在PFAS的重要方式[8,11]。例如,丹麦兽医和食品管理局禁止在食品接触用纸和纸板中有意添加PFAS物质,其总有机氟(total organic fluorine,TOF)含量不得超过20 mg/kg[12]。欧盟《包装和包装废弃物法规(EU)2025/40》规定食品接触材料中的总氟(total fluorine,TF)含量应小于50 mg/kg,否则需进一步分析PFAS含量[13]。目前,中国尚未对食品包装用纸中氟化物含量进行监管。众多学者对食品包装材料中氟化物展开了研究。IGNACIO等[14]提出了氟离子选择电极(ion selective electrode,ISE)结合氧弹燃烧的方法,能够快速测量多种食品接触材料中的TF、无机氟(inorganic fluorine,IF)和TOF含量。KOCH等[15]研究并对比了粒子诱导伽马射线发射光谱法、在线燃烧-燃烧离子色谱法(online combustion ion chromatography,CIC)等多种方法,不同仪器方法间的结果具有一致性,并且通过氟含量平衡分析揭示了食品包装用纸中TF与EOF含量的差异,可能与潜在的聚合态PFAS物质和涂层有关。食品包装用纸中氟化物的分布,与纸包装的生产密切相关。目前,尚无研究针对食品包装用纸中氟化物的分布及其可能来源进行系统探究。
本研究收集了26种食品包装用纸材料和65种代表性的生产原辅料,采用氧弹燃烧结合氟离子选择电极(ISE)法、在线燃烧-离子色谱(CIC)法对纸包装材料中的TF、TOF和EOF含量进行筛查测定,并结合现有限量指标进行风险水平分析。其中,ISE法具备操作简便、适合大批量样品快速筛查的优势,而CIC法能够适用于对矿物原料等难燃样品的高温彻底分解与精准测定,二者互为补充。通过探究原辅料中的各类氟化物含量分布,进一步分析纸包装材料中的氟含量来源,以此为相关纸包装材料中的氟含量监管和可持续生产提供研究参考。
91种食品包装用纸及其原辅料样品(涵盖16种原纸、10种低克重防油纸(烘焙纸、快餐包装纸、微波爆米花袋等),以及65种原辅料(矿物原料、化学助剂等)) 样品的具体信息如图1所示,由国内某代表性造纸企业及其上游原料供应商提供;氟离子标准水溶液(1000 mg/L) 喀斯玛商城平台;氯化钾(分析纯)、氢氧化钠(分析纯)、冰乙酸(色谱纯)、氯化钠(分析纯)、二水柠檬酸钠(分析纯)、碳酸钠(分析纯)、碳酸氢钠(分析纯)、无水乙醇(色谱纯) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;浓硫酸(优级纯)、过氧化氢(30wt%,优级纯) 拱北海关技术中心。
PXSJ-216F型数字离子计、PF-2-01型氟离子电极、232-01型饱和甘汞电极、T-818-Q型温度电极 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司;YCY-4 型充氧器、氧弹燃烧罐、SLSY型点火控制装置 南京桑力电子设备厂;multi EA 5000型在线燃烧-离子色谱系统(燃烧模块) 德国耶拿公司;920型样品吸收模块、930型离子色谱模块、Metrosep A Supp 16离子色谱分离柱(5 µm×150 mm×4.0 mm)、Metrosep A Trap 1-100/4.0杂质捕获柱、Metrosep I Trap 1-100/4.0杂质捕获柱 瑞士万通公司;TLE204E型电子天平(准确等级I) 上海梅特勒-托利多有限公司;UPTC系列超纯水系统 上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司;KQ5200DE型超声清洗仪 昆山市超声仪器有限公司。
将收集的纸包装材料裁剪成尺寸约为1 cm×1 cm碎片状试样,置于洁净聚乙烯袋中备用。对于其余原辅料样品,充分摇匀、混合后备用。
除了矿物粉末样品外,准确称量0.20 g(精确至0.1 mg)试样于洁净坩埚,将坩埚转移至氧弹装置内,连接点火镍丝。确保氧弹密封完好,充、放氧气三次后填充氧气至2.0 MPa,点火氧弹装置。燃烧30 min后,缓慢打开排气阀门,待泄压完全后用超纯水充分清洗坩埚、氧弹内壁,并将清洗后水溶液转移至100 mL容量瓶,使用超纯水定容至刻度,制备得到样品待测溶液,待进行ISE测定[16]。每个样品分别进行3次独立实验。
对于固体试样,准确称量0.50 g(精确至0.1 mg)试样于 50 mL玻璃瓶中,加入20 mL乙醇。对于液体试样,准确称量0.50 g(精准至0.1 mg)试样于 50 mL玻璃瓶中,在100 ℃烘箱下加热烘干10 min,冷却后加入20 mL乙醇。室温下超声提取 30 min后,将全部提取液经0.45 μm尼龙微孔滤膜过滤转移至洁净试管,在40 ℃水浴中氮吹蒸干,移取加入1.00 mL乙醇充分复溶。将复溶后的浓缩液转移至洁净坩埚,氧弹燃烧操作与1.2.1中保持一致,得到样品待测溶液,待进行ISE测定。每个样品分别进行3次独立实验。
对于不同类型的试样,称取1.00 g试样于50 mL玻璃瓶,加入30 mL超纯水,在室温下超声提取60 min后,将提取水溶液全部转移至洁净玻璃瓶后冷却备用,待进行ISE测定。每个样品分别进行3次独立实验。
将离子选择电极清洗至稳定的空白电位后,分别取20 mL上述得到的样品待测溶液于50 mL容量瓶,加入20 mL总离子缓冲溶液,用超纯水定容至刻度后混匀。将溶液转移至50 mL聚丙烯烧杯,使用氟离子电极测定其电位值响应,并根据电位值和标准曲线计算样液中氟离子浓度。标准曲线由浓度范围为20~500 μg/L的氟离子系列标准工作溶液构建。
由于氧弹燃烧无法充分燃烧滑石粉、膨润土等矿物粉末样品,本研究采用在线燃烧-离子色谱单独分析其中的TF含量。直接称取0.20 g样品于在线燃烧-离子色谱仪的石英样品舟,按如下参数进行测定分析:燃烧炉燃烧温度:1050 ℃;后燃时间:180 s;后冷却时间:300 s;裂解气氩气流速:100 mL/min;氧气流速:300 mL/min;燃烧产物吸收液:100 mg/L过氧化氢溶液;燃烧产物吸收液体积:5.6 mL;离子色谱再生液:60 mmol/L硫酸溶液;分离色谱柱Metrosep A Supp 16(5 µm×150 mm×4.0 mm);淋洗液:7.5 mmol/L碳酸钠和0.75 mmol/L氢氧化钠;淋洗液流速:0.8 mL/min;吸收液进样体积:200 μL;检测器:抑制型电导检测器。
根据式(1)计算食品包装用纸及其原辅料中各类氟含量,包括TF、EOF和IF含量。
$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{i}}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{kg})=\frac{(\mathrm{C}-{\mathrm{C}}_{0})\times \mathrm{f}\times \mathrm{V}}{1000\times \mathrm{M}} $
式中:Ci,样品中各类氟含量,mg/kg;C,被测溶液在标准曲线中对应的氟离子浓度,μg/L;C0,样品空白在标准曲线中对应的氟离子浓度,μg/L;f,试液溶液的稀释因子;V,试液的定容体积,mL;M,纸样称样量,g。
根据式(2)计算食品包装用纸及其原辅料中TOF含量。
$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\text{TOF}}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{kg})={\mathrm{C}}_{\text{TF}}-{\mathrm{C}}_{\text{IF}} $
式中:CTOF为样品中TOF含量,mg/kg;CTF为样品中TF含量,mg/kg;CIF为样品中IF含量,mg/kg。
针对不同样品的3次独立实验结果,本文使用Excel对数据进行分析,并使用Origin 2022软件进行数据可视化分析。
配制一系列浓度的氟离子标准工作液,分别进行ISE和CIC测定,得到对应其电位值或峰面积,并绘制标准曲线。如表1所示,在不同的线性范围内,两种方法的回归方程均具有良好的线性关系,ISE法和CIC法的相关系数分别为0.9996、0.9986。
针对不同样品类型及其各类氟化物含量的测定方法,计算其方法检出限(limit of detection,LOD)和定量限(limit of quantification,LOQ)。如表1所示,对于ISE法,以标准曲线的直线部分外延的延长线与通过空白电位且平行于浓度轴的直线相交时,其交点所对应的浓度值即为仪器LOD[17]。因此,根据空白电位值计算得到仪器LOD为9.75 μg/L,仪器定量下限为20 μg/L。由于不同类型的样品前处理均保持一致,因此计算得到其TF方法LOD、LOQ分别为2.50、7.50 mg/kg,IF方法LOD、LOQ分别为0.50、1.50 mg/kg,EOF方法LOD、LOQ分别为1.00、3.00 mg/kg。对于矿物填料样品,单独采用CIC分析了其TF含量。采用浓度为2 μg/L的氟离子工作溶液进行多次进样,依据3倍、10倍信噪比对应浓度计算出仪器LOD和LOQ分别为5、10 μg/L。按照其TF的测定方法,估算出其方法LOD、LOQ分别为1.25、2.5 mg/kg。
本研究采用代表性样品基质加标的方式,评估了两种方法测定不同类别样品中各类氟化物含量的准确度和重复性。选取未加工原纸、滑石粉和施胶剂作为代表性样品,分别移取适量体积的氟离子标准工作溶液于样品中,充分干燥后采用对应的样品前处理方法,分别测定并计算其氟含量和回收率。每个加标浓度独立测定3次。具体验证结果如表2所示,平均回收率均保持在80%~120%范围内,且相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%,符合验证分析要求。从方法验证数据可以看出,本研究中所建立的在线燃烧-离子色谱能够测定矿物类样品中氟含量。同时,本研究结合操作简便的离子选择电极法,可以实现对各种类型纸包装材料及其原辅料中氟化物的筛查与测定分析。
本研究采用氧弹燃烧结合氟离子选择电极分析测定了26种食品包装用纸中的氟化物含量分布。结果如表3所示,不同类型纸包装材料中氟化物含量具有明显的差异部分。对于未加工或未涂布的原纸(S1~S16),其TF含量范围为15.33~121.03 mg/kg。其中,6个未加工原纸的TF含量均超过了欧盟限值(50 mg/kg)。从IF含量的筛查结果来看,75%未加工原纸中无机氟化物的含量低于0.5 mg/kg,由此计算得到的TOF含量与其TF含量较为接近。根据表3结果,S1~S15共15个未加工原纸样品的TOF/TF比值在94.79%~99.59%之间,意味着无机类氟化物对原纸中TF含量的贡献较小,而纸包装中总氟化物含量的来源以有机氟化合物为主[5,11]。S16样品因TF浓度低于方法检出限,未参与该比例统计。13种未加工原纸中EOF含量均小于方法LOD(1.00 mg/kg),仅3种原纸(S1、S4、S16)的EOF含量可检出,分布在1.71~2.87 mg/kg之间,占其TF含量的0.83%~38.25%。
如表3所示,从筛查分析的防油纸(S17~S26)结果可知,其TF含量分布范围为330.15~1099.49 mg/kg。此外,防油纸的EOF含量为39.20~101.83 mg/kg,占TF含量的3.57%~30.84%。S19原色防油纸主要用于汉堡快餐的包装,其TF含量为330.15 mg/kg,其EOF含量明显高于其它防油纸,其EOF/TF比例高达30.84%。对比分析可知,相较于未加工的原纸,低克重的防油纸普遍具有更高的TF含量和EOF含量,这表明传统的防油助剂可能会引入不同程度地有机氟化物,由此导致潜在的PFAS污染[4,18]。
本研究进一步对多种造纸原辅料中的氟化物含量进行了分析。由于矿物原料中TF含量的ISE测定方法回收率较低,无法充分燃烧矿物粉末,因此采用CIC法进行分析。如表4所示,对于造纸用的纸浆板原料(S73~S76),其各类氟化物含量均较低,IF含量均低于方法定量限1.50 mg/kg,EOF均未检出(<1.00 mg/kg)。纸浆板的TF范围为19.42~35.75 mg/kg,平均TF含量为26.14 mg/kg,仅是部分未加工的原纸样品中TF含量的一半。这一结果意味着在造纸过程中辅料助剂的添加使用引入了更多的氟化物。不同类型辅料样品中TF含量具有明显区别。滑石粉、膨润土等矿物填料呈现出显著偏高的TF含量分布(174.03~688.20 mg/kg)。施胶剂、湿强剂等化学助剂的TF含量为20.11~31.41 mg/kg。其它辅料(比如造纸用水)的TF含量均低于方法LOD(<7.50 mg/kg)。由此可见,相较于其余类型的造纸辅料,矿物填料可能会在造纸过程中引入较高的无机氟化物含量并导致纸材料中较高的TF含量。
除了淀粉、消泡剂的EOF均未检出(<1.00 mg/kg)之外,大多数类别的化学助剂类辅料均检出了EOF含量,分布范围为3.39~9.48 mg/kg,推测可能与其中潜在的含氟有机化合物的存在有关,比如全氟烷基羧酸等短链PFAS单体、含氟表面活性剂(如氟调聚物醇)的分解产物[11,15]。这些原辅料样品中的EOF含量占TF含量的比例范围介于0.58%~47.40%之间,其中干强剂(47.40%)、湿强剂(44.93%)和助留剂(20.09%)的EOF含量占比最为突出,因此可优先考虑替换为其他非氟或低氟类助剂。
值得注意的是,所有样品的水提取无机氟含量均较低,几乎未检出。尤其是对于天然的滑石粉、膨润土等矿物粉末样品,其TF含量显著高于IF含量和EOF含量,EOF仅占TF含量比例小于 1 %。这可能是由于在CIC分析中的高温加热下,部分难以被水溶液提取的氟化物(比如氟化钙、氟化钡等)也能够被有效检测[19]。
目前,国内尚未对食品接触用纸中的氟含量建立监管体系,而国外多个地区对氟化物含量管控有所不同。欧盟《包装和包装废弃物法规(EU)2025/40》规定食品接触材料中TF含量不得超过50 mg/kg,否则应进一步分析靶向PFAS含量。美国加州AB 1200法案设定了相对宽松的TF限值(100 mg/kg)[20]。丹麦法规限制了食品包装材料中TOF含量不得高于20 mg/kg,并未对TF含量做出规定。
本研究结合国外现有的氟含量限量对纸样中氟化物含量进行风险水平分析。如图2所示,仅有31.25%的原纸TOF含量满足丹麦法规中TOF限量要求(20 mg/kg)。从上述氟含量筛查可以发现,尽管是造纸原料纸浆板中TF含量和TOF含量也会高于20 mg/kg,这意味着国内68.75%纸包装材料可能不符合丹麦TOF限量的要求。此外,接近62.50%的原纸和全部防油纸样的TF含量均超过了欧盟限量要求(50 mg/kg)。相较于美国加州标准的TF限值(100 mg/kg),全部防油纸样品不满足此限量要求,而93.75%的原纸均符合要求。
此外,欧盟《包装和包装废弃物法规(EU)2025/40》还对食品接触材料中非聚合态PFAS总量做出了规定,不得超过0.25 mg/kg。研究表明,不同长、短链的PFAS均可能通过与酒精性食品的接触,从纸包装材料中迁移到食品中,进而威胁人体健康[11]。值得注意的是,本研究中多个未加工原纸的EOF含量为1.71 mg/kg~2.87 mg/kg,全部防油纸中EOF含量均高于20 mg/kg,均可能与潜在的PFAS残留或外部污染有关[21]。因此,为了降低国内纸包装材料的风险水平,相关生产企业应充分监管纸包装中氟含量的来源,从源头上控制潜在的PFAS污染,并且采用低氟含量的防油助剂、造纸过程中的生产辅料。
本研究采用氧弹燃烧结合氟离子选择电极(ISE)法与在线燃烧-离子色谱(CIC)法,系统筛查了26种纸包装材料和65种原辅料中的氟化物含量,包括总氟(TF)、无机氟(IF)、总有机氟(TOF)及可提取有机氟(EOF),并对纸包装材料中氟含量进行风险水平分析。结果表明,未加工原纸中TF含量均低于121.03 mg/kg,而防油涂层纸具有更高的TF含量(330.15~1099.49 mg/kg)。多数原纸中的EOF含量均小于1.0 mg/kg,而防油纸的EOF含量分布在39.20~101.83 mg/kg之间,其EOF含量占TF含量的3.57%~30.84%,可能与其中有意添加的含氟类防油助剂有关。绝大多数原纸均满足美国TF限量的要求,但符合欧盟TF限量、丹麦TOF限量要求的原纸仅占62.50%和31.25%。除了潜在的含氟类防油助剂,滑石粉、膨润土等矿物填料的TF含量分布为174.03~688.20 mg/kg,会在造纸过程中引入较高的氟化物含量,进而导致纸材料中较高的TF含量。施胶剂、杀菌剂、淀粉等其余辅料均具有较低的TF含量和EOF含量。该研究为食品包装用纸中氟化物含量的监管以及无氟纸的生产提供了研究参考。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060103
  • 接收时间:2025-06-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-11
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    1暨南大学包装工程学院,广东珠海 519070
    2知里科技(广东)有限公司,广东广州 510000
    3珠海红塔仁恒包装股份有限公司,广东珠海 519070
    4拱北海关技术中心,广东珠海 519000

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林勤保(1960−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:食品包装安全,E-mail:。
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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