Article(id=1320886473004531834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060074, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853476048, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853476048, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853476048, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853476048, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=139, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886474573201531, articleId=1320886473004531834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Structural Characteristics, in Vitro Activity, and Regulatory Mechanism on Gut Microbiota of Alpiniaoxyphylla Oligosaccharides, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the structure of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. oligosaccharides (MC) and their impact on human gut microbiota, MC was extracted and purified using ultrasound-assisted high-voltage pulsed electric fields. Its structural characteristics were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, as well as its regulatory mechanism on the intestinal flora were investigated. Results showed that the extracted MC was a glucose homopolymer (100% glucose monosaccharide composition) with a molecular weight of 2461 Da. The β-glycosidic bond configuration of MC was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, with characteristic peaks observed at 1656 cm−1 and 1623 cm−1. A hierarchical structure characterized by coexisting crystalline and amorphous domains within the β-glucan backbone was demonstrated through XRD and SEM analyses. These structural features constituted a structural basis for targeting gut microbiota. In vitro activity assays indicated that MC exhibited negligible antioxidant activity, but demonstrated notable hypoglycemic activity. Fecal fermentation experiments demonstrated that MC markedly increased the abundance of Bacillota, reduced Bacteroidetes, and enriched the genera Ligilactobacillus and Weissella, thereby regulating and improving intestinal function. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. oligosaccharides as prebiotics.

, authors=Meng WANG1, 2, Jinmei HU2, Fengzhen YOU2, Fengchuan MA2, Yunping PENG2, 3, Siming ZHU2, *, Junlin WU2, *, authorsList=Meng WANG, Jinmei HU, Fengzhen YOU, Fengchuan MA, Yunping PENG, Siming ZHU, Junlin WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Siming ZHU, Junlin WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886482924060822, articleId=1320886473004531834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=益智仁低聚糖的结构特征、体外活性及其对肠道菌群的调控机制, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究益智仁低聚糖(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. Oligosaccharides,MC)的结构及其对人肠道粪便菌群的影响,本研究通过超声辅助高压脉冲电场对益智仁低聚糖进行提取、纯化,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)与扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析其结构,并探究其体外抗氧化活性与降糖活性及其对肠道菌群的调控机制。结果表明,提取获得的MC为分子量为2461 Da的葡萄糖均聚物(单糖组成100%为葡萄糖),FT-IR光谱证实MC具有β-糖苷键构型(特征峰1656 cm−1和1623 cm−1),XRD与SEM分析揭示其β-葡聚糖主链的结晶区与非晶域共存层级结构,为靶向肠道菌群提供了结构基础。体外活性实验结果表明,MC几乎没有抗氧化活性而具有较好的降糖活性;体外粪便发酵实验结果表明,MC显著提升芽孢杆菌门丰度,抑制拟杆菌门,并富集联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella),从而调节改善肠道功能。本研究为益智仁低聚糖作为益生元开发提供了理论依据。

, authors=王猛1, 2, 胡金梅2, 游凤珍2, 马凤川2, 彭运平2, 3, 朱思明2, *, 吴军林2, *, authorsList=王猛, 胡金梅, 游凤珍, 马凤川, 彭运平, 朱思明, 吴军林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱思明, 吴军林, authorNote=

王猛(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱思明(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:。
吴军林(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康、微生物发酵与工程,E-mail:。
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Coal Science and Technology, 1−13[2026-03-12]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2402.TD.20250421.1530.002., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886935850176535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886935858565144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, companyId=1320886935850176535, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateauin Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886935871148057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, companyId=1320886935850176535, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320886935942451226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886935950839835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, companyId=1320886935942451226, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886935959228444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, companyId=1320886935942451226, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广东海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,广东阳江 529500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320886936030531613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886936038920222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, companyId=1320886936030531613, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Guangzhou Wondfo Health Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886936051503135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, companyId=1320886936030531613, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3广州万孚健康科技有限公司,中国广州 510640)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886940359053389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Molecular weight and monosaccharide composition analysis of MC, figureFileSmall=6a3Ed28qb6fw/TpBVaujhA==, figureFileBig=08IphSyCjjvDUL6NJOANZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886940442939470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MC的分子量和单糖组成分析

注:A:分子量;B:MC及标品单糖组成。

, figureFileSmall=6a3Ed28qb6fw/TpBVaujhA==, figureFileBig=08IphSyCjjvDUL6NJOANZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886940531019855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Fourier transform infrared spectrum of and UV spectroscopy of MC, figureFileSmall=AdTKvB0Ym26pSsak4s5ntw==, figureFileBig=Qd+YSzgi5lDlCDHjBoS6ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886940602323024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MC的傅里叶变换红外光谱图和紫外可见-吸收光谱图

注:A:傅里叶变换红外光谱图;B:紫外可见-吸收光谱图。

, figureFileSmall=AdTKvB0Ym26pSsak4s5ntw==, figureFileBig=Qd+YSzgi5lDlCDHjBoS6ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886940682014801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=XRD analysis of MC, figureFileSmall=ZyBMgTeAuvjNsSfTtVqo3A==, figureFileBig=VmXRhqP7pS8JjTKDEqsrvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886942359736402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MC的X射线衍射分析, figureFileSmall=ZyBMgTeAuvjNsSfTtVqo3A==, figureFileBig=VmXRhqP7pS8JjTKDEqsrvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886942439428179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of MC at magnifications of 10000, 1000, and 100, figureFileSmall=/JOojZJIkU+D8reBBqVAGg==, figureFileBig=bKfRUzqPzOT+tQ/GscwIfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886942527508564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886473004531834, language=CN, label=图4, caption=MC在10000、1000和100倍下的扫描电子显微镜图像

注:A:10000倍;B:1000倍;C:100倍。

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注: A:ABTS+·清除率;B:DPPH·清除率;C:羟基自由基清除率;D:铁离子还原能力;E:α-淀粉酶抑制率;F:α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率;不同小写字母标注的结果差异显著(P<0.05)。

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注:FJ为粪便菌;JF为菊粉对照组;MC为益智仁低聚糖处理组;图7~图12同。

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注:A:基于属水平热图的肠道菌群分析;B:基于属水平Circos图的肠道菌群分析。

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益智仁低聚糖的结构特征、体外活性及其对肠道菌群的调控机制
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王猛 1, 2 , 胡金梅 2 , 游凤珍 2 , 马凤川 2 , 彭运平 2, 3 , 朱思明 2, * , 吴军林 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(10): 139-149
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (10) : 139 -149
益智仁低聚糖的结构特征、体外活性及其对肠道菌群的调控机制
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王猛1, 2 , 胡金梅2, 游凤珍2, 马凤川2, 彭运平2, 3, 朱思明2, * , 吴军林2, *
作者信息
  • 1喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000
  • 2广东海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,广东阳江 529500
  • 3广州万孚健康科技有限公司,中国广州 510640
通讯作者:
朱思明(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:。
吴军林(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康、微生物发酵与工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王猛(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生物与医药,E-mail:

Structural Characteristics, in Vitro Activity, and Regulatory Mechanism on Gut Microbiota of Alpiniaoxyphylla Oligosaccharides
Meng WANG1, 2 , Jinmei HU2, Fengzhen YOU2, Fengchuan MA2, Yunping PENG2, 3, Siming ZHU2, * , Junlin WU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateauin Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
  • 2School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
  • 3Guangzhou Wondfo Health Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060074
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为研究益智仁低聚糖(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. Oligosaccharides,MC)的结构及其对人肠道粪便菌群的影响,本研究通过超声辅助高压脉冲电场对益智仁低聚糖进行提取、纯化,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)与扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析其结构,并探究其体外抗氧化活性与降糖活性及其对肠道菌群的调控机制。结果表明,提取获得的MC为分子量为2461 Da的葡萄糖均聚物(单糖组成100%为葡萄糖),FT-IR光谱证实MC具有β-糖苷键构型(特征峰1656 cm−1和1623 cm−1),XRD与SEM分析揭示其β-葡聚糖主链的结晶区与非晶域共存层级结构,为靶向肠道菌群提供了结构基础。体外活性实验结果表明,MC几乎没有抗氧化活性而具有较好的降糖活性;体外粪便发酵实验结果表明,MC显著提升芽孢杆菌门丰度,抑制拟杆菌门,并富集联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella),从而调节改善肠道功能。本研究为益智仁低聚糖作为益生元开发提供了理论依据。

益智仁低聚糖  /  结构解析  /  体外活性  /  人体肠道菌群

To investigate the structure of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. oligosaccharides (MC) and their impact on human gut microbiota, MC was extracted and purified using ultrasound-assisted high-voltage pulsed electric fields. Its structural characteristics were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, as well as its regulatory mechanism on the intestinal flora were investigated. Results showed that the extracted MC was a glucose homopolymer (100% glucose monosaccharide composition) with a molecular weight of 2461 Da. The β-glycosidic bond configuration of MC was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, with characteristic peaks observed at 1656 cm−1 and 1623 cm−1. A hierarchical structure characterized by coexisting crystalline and amorphous domains within the β-glucan backbone was demonstrated through XRD and SEM analyses. These structural features constituted a structural basis for targeting gut microbiota. In vitro activity assays indicated that MC exhibited negligible antioxidant activity, but demonstrated notable hypoglycemic activity. Fecal fermentation experiments demonstrated that MC markedly increased the abundance of Bacillota, reduced Bacteroidetes, and enriched the genera Ligilactobacillus and Weissella, thereby regulating and improving intestinal function. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. oligosaccharides as prebiotics.

Alpinia oxyphylla oligosaccharides  /  structural characterization  /  in vitro activity  /  human gut microbiota
王猛, 胡金梅, 游凤珍, 马凤川, 彭运平, 朱思明, 吴军林. 益智仁低聚糖的结构特征、体外活性及其对肠道菌群的调控机制. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 139 -149 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060074
Meng WANG, Jinmei HU, Fengzhen YOU, Fengchuan MA, Yunping PENG, Siming ZHU, Junlin WU. Structural Characteristics, in Vitro Activity, and Regulatory Mechanism on Gut Microbiota of Alpiniaoxyphylla Oligosaccharides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 139 -149 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060074
传统南药是我国中医药体系的重要组成部分,其中益智仁(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.)作为“四大南药”之一,已有千年药用历史。作为“药食同源”物质,可用于保健食品的中药材,益智仁在食品工业中的应用潜力日益受到关注,其活性成分涵盖挥发油、黄酮类化合物及多糖等多类物质,在降血糖、神经保护及胃肠道调节等领域展现出显著药理活性[1]。近年来,随着肠道菌群与宿主健康关联研究的深入,低聚糖组分因在改善肠道健康方面的独特优势成为研究新热点[2]。相较于多糖(由10个以上单糖通过α/β-糖苷键连接的高分子聚合物,主要通过免疫调节、抗肿瘤等途径发挥作用),低聚糖(2~10个单糖构成的寡聚体)因分子量小、耐酶解及良好的水溶性等结构特性,可直接穿透黏液层作用于结肠,并通过选择性发酵调控肠道菌群代谢[3]。其生物活性与结构参数高度相关(如低聚果糖选择性增殖双歧杆菌、低聚半乳糖通过耐酸性增强定植能力)[4],且通过“益生元底物-短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)生成-微环境抑菌”“糖残基-肠上皮受体结合-屏障功能强化”“树突状细胞摄取-TLR2/MyD88通路-Th17/Treg平衡调节”三级机制实现肠道菌群调控[5]。然而,当前益智仁研究多聚焦于挥发油与黄酮成分,其低聚糖的系统分离鉴定、精细结构解析及肠道菌群动态调控机制仍未深入,成为传统中药现代化研究的重点缺口。
肠道菌群作为“第二基因组”,其失衡与代谢性疾病、炎症性肠病等密切相关,而益生元通过选择性增殖益生菌、调节菌群代谢发挥健康促进作用,已成为功能性食品与中药研发的热点方向[6]。益智仁低聚糖因天然来源、低毒副作用等优势,被视为潜在的中药源性益生元候选物。目前,关于益智仁低聚糖的研究主要集中于初步活性验证,其单糖组成、糖苷键构型、空间构象尚未明确,限制了作用机制的深度解析,其对肠道菌群的调控规律多停留在表观层面,系统开展益智仁低聚糖的分离鉴定、结构解析及肠道菌群调控机制研究,对拓展其药用价值、推动中药益生元开发具有重要意义。
基于此,本研究首先针对益智仁低聚糖研究的关键问题建立适用于其特性的高效分离纯化方法;其次,综合运用液相色谱、红外光谱、X射线衍射及扫描电镜等技术,系统解析其单糖组成、分子构象等精细结构参数;最后,通过宏基因组学分析,阐明低聚糖对肠道菌群组成的影响,并结合体外菌群发酵实验验证其益生特性。本研究不仅可为益智仁低聚糖的药用机制提供理论支撑,更有望为中药源性益生元的开发提供新的物质基础与技术路径。
益智仁药材 渭源渭岷源生物科技有限公司(批号:20241001);纤维素DEAE-52、葡聚糖凝胶G-100、甘露糖(色谱纯)、鼠李糖(色谱纯)、葡萄糖醛酸(色谱纯)、半乳糖醛酸(色谱纯)、葡萄糖(色谱纯)、半乳糖(色谱纯)、木糖(色谱纯)、阿拉伯糖(色谱纯)、岩藻糖(色谱纯)、阿卡波糖(生物技术级)、菊粉(生物技术级)、α-淀粉酶(50 U/mg)、α-葡萄糖苷酶(100 U /mg)、厌氧袋 上海源叶生物公司;抗坏血酸(分析纯)、淀粉(分析纯) 比克曼生物股份有限公司;正己烷、浓硫酸、苯酚 分析纯,麦克林生化科技股份有限公司。
TU-1901双光束紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析公司;SpectraMax 190酶标仪 上海美谷分子仪器公司;LDZF-50L立式高压蒸汽灭菌器 上海申安公司;JY96-IIN超声波细胞粉碎仪 宁波新芝生物科技公司;HC-3018R高速冷冻离心机 安徽中科中佳科学仪器公司;PEF-SY-12K高压脉冲电场设备 广州派虎科技有限公司;XRD-7000 X射线衍射仪 日本岛津公司;Apreo2S高分辨率发射扫描电镜 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司。
基于预实验结果,将益智仁药材于50 ℃烘箱干燥48 h至恒重,经中草药粉碎机粉碎至粒径150 μm以内(60目筛),备用。取5.0 g粉末,按1:20(w/v)加蒸馏水混匀,采用超声波细胞破碎仪在功率为240 W条件下作用30 min后,通过高压脉冲电场设备对提取液进行处理,条件为电压2.0 kV,电流262 A,脉冲宽度10.0 μs,脉冲频率30 Hz,时间120 s。经4000 r/min离心(15 min)取上清液,旋蒸浓缩。浓缩液加无水乙醇(v/v)至终浓度为80%,4 ℃静置12 h。再次4000 r/min离心去除上清液,沉淀乙醇洗涤3次后挥干,得粗多糖。将粗多糖溶解于纯水,按Sevag试剂[7](氯仿:正丁醇=4:1,v/v)振荡处理2 h,10000 r/min离心(15 min)去蛋白,此过程重复2~3次。脱蛋白液经透析袋(1000 Da截留分子量)透析48 h后,冷冻干燥得粗提物。
首先将DEAE-52纤维素填料置于3倍体积的超纯水中充分溶胀24 h,随后通过超声处理20 min去除填料中的气泡。层析柱装填前,先在柱底预加5 mL超纯水,再缓慢注入预处理后的DEAE-52纤维素,待其自然沉降至距柱口约5 cm且液面稳定后,采用恒流泵以1 mL/min流速连续冲洗填料24 h以实现固定与平衡。平衡完成后,将浓度为50 mg/mL的益智仁低聚糖溶液沿柱壁缓慢上样,继而以超纯水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用自动部分收集器按每管10 mL分管收集洗脱组分,收集完的多糖溶液进行冻干收集[8]。之后用同样的方法装填Sephadex G-100层析柱,以0.5 mL/min流速纯水洗脱,将收集完的溶液进行冻干处理,最终得到纯化后的益智仁低聚糖样品(MC)。
采用DAWN HELEOS II(RID-20A)示差检测器与Shodex OHpak SB-806M HQ和SB-804M HQ色谱柱(300 mm×7.8 mm)串联系统检测分子量[9]。色谱柱温度控制在40 ℃,流动相为0.1 mol/L硝酸钠溶液(pH5.5),流速0.5 mL/min;
样品在121 ℃下用三氟乙酸(TFA)水解2 h,氮气吹干后用甲醇洗涤3次。水解产物经0.22 μm滤膜过滤后用于单糖组成分析[10]。样品注入Dionex ICS5000+,配备Carbopac PA-20色谱柱(4 mm×250 mm)。流动相为97.5%超纯水(0.25 mmol/L NaOH)与2.5% 100 mmol/L NaOH溶液,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃。采用甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖标准品进行定性定量。
取纯化后的MC粉末,与光谱级溴化钾(KBr)按质量比1:100混合研磨均匀,压制成透明薄片。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)仪在4000~400 cm−1范围内扫描,设置分辨率为4 cm−1,扫描次数32次,获取红外光谱图,压片后需检查透光率以确保样品均匀性[11];配制1 mg/mL的样品溶液,用紫外可见-吸收光谱(UV-visible spectroscopy,UV)进行全波长扫描[12]。设置仪器参数后,以空白基材作为参比进行基线校正,随后将样品置于光路中,在200~500 nm波长范围内进行全谱扫描,记录吸收强度随波长的变化曲线。
使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析MC的结构[13],测量在5°和80°(2θ)之间进行,计数时间和步长分别设置为2 min/步和0.02°。取MC粉末样品置于玻璃样品架中,样品需均匀分布且表面平整,避免空隙或堆积。
将冻干样品粘贴在在贴有导电胶的金属平台上并喷涂金粉,然后使用扫描电镜(SEM)在合适的电流电压和放大倍率下观察图像[14]。
参照张芳铭[15]的方法稍作修改,分别配制2、4、6、8、10 mg/mL的MC溶液和阳性对照VC溶液,对MC的ABTS+·清除率、DPPH·清除率、羟基自由基清除率、铁离子还原能力进行测定。
DNS试剂按标准方法配制后避光保存于棕色瓶,7 d后使用;PBS缓冲液(pH6.8,0.1 mol/L)用于配制5%淀粉溶液、20 U/mL淀粉酶溶液及多糖样品溶液(2~10 mg/mL)和阳性对照阿卡波糖溶液。反应体系:A1组(300 μL MC溶液+400 μL酶液)、A0组(300 μL水+400 μL酶液)、A2组(300 μL MC溶液+400 μL PBS)于37 ℃预孵育10 min;底物反应:各管加入300 μL可溶性淀粉溶液,37 ℃孵育15 min;终止显色:加入2 mL DNS试剂终止反应,沸水浴灭酶10 min,冷却后定容至10 mL;测定:540 nm测吸光度,按公式计算抑制率:
$\rm \alpha \text{-}\text{淀粉酶抑制率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{{A}_{1}-{A}_{2}}{{A}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为酶活性对照;A1为样品组;A2为空白对照。
配制2.5 mmol/L PNPG底物溶液、0.25 U/mL α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液、MC样品溶液(2~10 mg/mL)及阳性对照阿卡波糖溶液。A1组(50 μL MC溶液+50 μL酶液)、A0组(50 μL PBS+50 μL酶液)、A2组(50 μL MC溶液+50 μL PBS)37 ℃预孵育10 min后,各孔加入50 μL PNPG底物,37 ℃反应30 min。终止显色:加入100 μL 0.2 mol/L Na2CO3溶液终止反应,405 nm测定吸光度,每组设3次平行。按以下公式计算α-葡萄糖苷酶活力抑制率。
$ \alpha \text{-}\text{葡萄糖苷酶抑制率}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{A}_1-\mathrm{A}_2}{\mathrm{A}_0}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0为酶活性对照;A1为样品组;A2为空白对照。
粪便样本分别取自3名男性和3名女性健康志愿者,年龄在18~25岁之间,近三个月内未使用过抗生素。在其知情同意后分别采集等量粪便混合,共取10 g新鲜粪便样品加入100 mL的无菌PBS缓冲液(pH7.4)中混匀,得10%(w/v)的粪便悬浊液,用灭菌纱布过滤得到粪便接种液。为尽量减少微生物种群的改变,在室温条件下从粪便样本采集到完成接种全程操作在2 h内完成[16]。
参照张芳铭[15]的方法制备培养基,配方为:树脂天青1 mg/L,蛋白胨水2 g/L,酵母抽提物2 g/L,胆汁盐0.5 g/L,氧化血红素5 mg/L,L-半胱氨酸0.5 g/L,维生素K1 74.1 μL/L,NaCl 0.1 g/L,KH2PO4 40 mg/L,K2HPO4 40 mg/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.01 g/L,NaHCO3 2 g/L,CaCl2·6H2O 0.01 g/L,吐温-80 14.8 mg/L,Na2S·9H2O 0.8 mmol/L,培养基配制完成之后高压灭菌后待用。
体外发酵实验共设3组,分别为MC组、阳性对照组(菊粉组即JF组)和空白对照组(粪菌组即FJ组),每组进行3次平行。准确称取200 mg MC样品和菊粉与9 mL培养基置于厌氧管,混匀后在121 ℃下灭菌20 min,冷却后加入1 mL 1.2.5.1制备的粪便接种液,FJ组取9 mL无菌培养基加入1mL粪菌悬浊液,接种结束后置于厌氧袋中37 ℃发酵48 h[16],发酵结束后于−80 ℃保存。
微生物群落扩增子测序分析,委托广州基迪奥科技服务有限公司完成。具体步骤如下:微生物DNA的提取使用HiPure Soil DNA提取试剂盒(或HiPure Stool DNA提取试剂盒)按照操作指南进行。16S rRNA 基因的目标区域V3~V4区PCR扩增条件:初始变性95 ℃ 5 min,然后变性95 ℃ 1 min,退火60 ℃ 1 min,延伸72 ℃ 1 min进行30个循环,最后终延伸72 ℃ 7 min使用引物。扩增体系:50 μL混合物,包含10 μL 5×Q5@ Reaction Buffer,10 μL 5×Q5@ High GC Enhancer,1.5 μL 2.5 mmol/L dNTPs,1.5 μL上下游引物(10 μmol/L),0.2 μL Q5@ High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase,50 ng 模板DNA。使用2%琼脂糖凝胶评估扩增产物质量,利用AMPure XP Beads进行PCR产物纯化,并使用Qubit 3.0进行定量,Illumina DNA Prep Kit构建测序文库。使用ABI StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System进行文库质量检测,合格的文库采用Novaseq 6000的PE250模式pooling上机测序。
所有试验均进行了3次平行,数据表示为平均值±标准差,采用SPSS 25软件进行数据处理与统计,使用Origin 2022绘图。
MC分子量通过HPGPC系统软件计算出为2461 Da。 如图1所示,Man、Gal处存在一定的小峰与高纯度标准品Man/Gal的尖锐峰形存在明显差异,考虑是溶剂带出来的杂峰且在总的峰面积中占比极小,所以单糖组成由葡萄糖构成(出峰时间和标曲基本保持一致且占比100%),推测其可能为10~12个葡萄糖单体通过α/β-糖苷键连接形成的低聚糖[17],这一特征与其超声辅助高压脉冲电场提取工艺密切相关,超声和脉冲电场结合通过电穿孔效应破坏植物细胞膜结构,同时超声空化作用产生的机械剪切力可进一步降解多糖主链,导致分子量降低[18];后续纯化过程中采用纯水洗DEAE-纤维素对酸性糖醛酸的静电吸附作用,而中性葡萄糖因缺乏极性基团更易通过洗脱液竞争性置换被保留[19],形成单糖均一性产物。
FT-IR光谱法是解析官能团类型及振动特征的核心技术,其指纹区特征峰可揭示单糖构型、糖苷键连接方式等结构信息[20]。如图2A所示,3400 cm−1宽峰对应葡萄糖分子间氢键作用的O-H伸缩振动,提示其以环状半缩醛结构(α/β-吡喃葡萄糖)存在;2815 cm−1附近C-H不对称伸缩振动源于吡喃环C5-C6的CH2基团[21],而在2900 cm−1附近C-H对称伸缩振动缺失可能与环状结构振动耦合有关。1656 cm−1与1623 cm−1双峰分别归属为半缩醛羟基振动及糖苷键C-O-C不对称伸缩振动,结合1099 cm−1(C-O-C糖苷键)和784 cm−1(吡喃环C-H面外弯曲振动)特征峰,证实β-糖苷键构型及六元环结构。1380 cm−1与1353 cm−1等强度双峰反映甲基对称弯曲振动,支持葡萄糖残基的CH3基团存在。分子量计算与单糖均一性表明其为中等长度葡萄糖均聚物。
图2B展示了MC的UV全波长扫描特征(200~500 nm)。光谱分析显示,在260 nm(核酸特征吸收峰)和280 nm(蛋白质特征吸收峰)附近均未检测到显著吸收峰,表明样品中核酸和蛋白质类杂质含量极低。此外,在200 nm附近出现特征性吸收峰(A=3.9),该吸收峰归属于糖类物质的特征性π→π*跃迁,其产生主要源于糖环中C-O与C-C键共轭体系的电子跃迁行为,且与β-型糖苷键的特征吸收峰一致,结果进一步表明了MC是β-糖苷键构型。
XRD图谱(图3)显示,在约30°处出现特征衍射峰,随后逐渐下降并在约50°之后趋于平缓。这一特征峰位置与β-葡聚糖主链的晶面间距吻合,表明样品中存在有序排列的葡聚糖结构单元[22]。图谱整体呈现典型的半峰宽较窄的尖锐峰特征,表明样品中形成了结晶区域。MC中的葡萄糖低聚合物通过特定分子间作用力形成了规则的晶体结构,这可能是其具有稳定理化性质和生物活性的结构基础。图谱中观察到的单一尖锐峰[23],表明样品中主要存在一种高度有序的结晶结构,而非多种晶型的混合。
基于扫描电镜(SEM)观察(图4)与实验数据综合分析,益智仁低聚糖呈现多级自组装结构。10000倍下观察到1~5 μm不规则团簇,表面粗糙且有孔隙,纳米级纤维状结构相互连接,与红外光谱中宽化的O-H峰(分子间氢键网络)特征吻合;1000倍下片层(50~100 nm厚)与块状结构交替出现,片层边缘规则性对应XRD β-葡聚糖晶面特征,从大块区域到电镜下的碎屑,都能看到其疏松的结构,这说明低聚糖样品是由小颗粒黏聚成团;100倍宏观碎块显示贯穿性孔洞,与XRD晶面间距特征共同构建多级孔隙体系。葡萄糖单元通过β-1,3-糖苷键形成有序片层[24](结晶域),片层通过氢键堆叠为团簇片(非晶域),最终表现为宏观片状聚集体。三组SEM图像揭示了益智仁低聚糖多级自组装结构:纳米纤维→微米片层→毫米碎块的层级构筑,其结晶/非晶态域的共存,这种结构特征为材料在药物递送和肠道菌群调控中的多功能应用提供了结构基础。
实验结果表明(图5),纯化后均一的MC未表现出显著抗氧化活性,其抗氧化能力未达到统计学显著性阈值。α-淀粉酶抑制活性检测作为抗糖尿病药物体外筛选的重要模型,其作用机制主要涉及抑制剂通过竞争性/非竞争性结合方式干扰酶活性位点或柔性环结构。本研究发现,MC对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性呈现浓度依赖性增强趋势,在10.0 mg/mL浓度时抑制率突破95%,该强抑制效应可能源于其分子中β-糖苷键形成的刚性空间构象,通过位阻效应有效阻碍酶-底物复合物的形成[25]。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验显示MC的抑制活性在8~10 mg/mL区间达到峰值(>90%),呈现非线性剂量效应特征。这种高效抑制特性在于延缓碳水化合物多糖链向单糖的降解进程,从而实现对餐后血糖峰值的调控作用[26]。突出的体外降糖活性特征为MC开发新型α-葡萄糖苷酶靶向降糖功能产品提供了基础。
根据图6的堆叠图分析,芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)、放线菌门(Actinomyycetota)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteriota)是微生物群落中的优势菌门。本研究发现MC组的微生物群落结构呈现明显异常重构:芽孢杆菌门以绝对优势异常高丰度,提示该处理可能通过特定条件,如厌氧环境或营养选择来促进其增殖。现有研究表明,芽孢杆菌门具有双重作用,其益生菌株(如枯草芽孢杆菌)可通过分泌抗菌物质抑制致病菌、促进双歧杆菌增殖、分解膳食纤维释放短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)以维持肠道稳态[27],并增强黏膜免疫功能。但致病菌株(如蜡样芽孢杆菌)可能通过如肠毒素等毒素来破坏屏障功能或诱导代谢紊乱。因此,其应用需严格区分菌株功能并控制干预条件[28]。
相比之下,拟杆菌门在MC组中几乎消失,而其在FJ组中占比最高,JF组次之。拟杆菌门作为多糖代谢的核心菌群[29],通过多糖利用位点(PUL)降解膳食纤维和宿主黏液糖蛋白,释放SCFAs以支持结肠上皮能量供应和宿主代谢调节。然而,MC组中拟杆菌门被完全抑制可能削弱其代谢功能,甚至引发条件致病菌(如产肠毒素脆弱拟杆菌Bf)代偿性扩张[30],其分泌的毒素可通过破坏肠道屏障加剧结肠炎症及癌变风险。此外,Bf中的产肠毒素脆弱拟杆菌(ETBF)毒素基因在结直肠癌患者中的高丰度进一步提示该菌门的潜在致病性。
变形菌门的丰度变化呈现组间差异:JF组最高,MC组次之,FJ组最低。作为肠道菌群的“先锋菌群”,变形菌门通过消耗氧气为严格厌氧菌定植创造条件,但其丰度异常升高(如JF组)常提示菌群失调,与炎症性肠病、代谢综合征及癌症相关。例如,肠杆菌科过度增殖可能通过脂多糖(LPS)激活TLR4/NF-κB通路加剧炎症,而脱硫弧菌属的硫化氢代谢产物可能促进DNA损伤[31]。尽管MC组变形菌门丰度未明显高于FJ组,但其动态平衡仍受处理条件影响,需警惕低丰度下生态功能抑制可能导致的病原体易感性增加。
MC组通过干预重塑了菌群结构,虽强化了芽孢杆菌门的功能潜力,但拟杆菌门的缺失与变形菌门的潜在失衡可能破坏菌群-宿主互作网络,增加代谢紊乱或病理风险[32](如炎症或感染)。未来研究需优化干预策略,在利用芽孢杆菌门代谢功能的同时,保护拟杆菌门的核心作用,并监测变形菌门的动态变化以规避风险。
图7在属水平上展示了优势菌的相对丰度,丰度排名前10的优势属分别为魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、塞加特菌属(Segatella)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)、巨单胞菌属(Megamonas)、埃希氏菌和志贺氏菌属[33](Escherichia-Shigella)、联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)、梭菌属(Clostridium)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、双栖乳杆菌菌属(Bifidobacterium)。分析显示,MC组在属水平上的优势菌群中,魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)的丰度显著(P<0.05)高于JF组和FJ组。魏斯氏菌属作为兼具益生与潜在风险的乳酸菌,通过分泌抗菌肽抑制病原菌[34](如金黄色葡萄球菌)、合成葡聚糖促进双歧杆菌增殖,并分解膳食纤维释放SCFAs以维持肠道屏障功能。联合乳杆菌属则通过分泌细菌素抑制致病菌、修复肠道屏障、刺激调节性T细胞分化降低IgE抗体水平,改善肠道免疫稳态。MC组的菌群变化提示,其干预可能通过强化魏斯氏菌属的代谢功能(如SCFAs生成)与联合乳杆菌属的免疫调节作用,重塑肠道微生态平衡。
微生物数目或种类的变化,往往会引起样本性质变化。根据图8A物种组成热图分析,MC组微生物群落结构呈现特异性,其菌群分布模式与FJ、JF组形成明显分化。热图色谱显示,MC组以魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)为绝对优势菌群,这两个菌属在MC样本中呈现高度聚集的深红色区块,明显高于其他菌属的检测水平。组间比较分析表明:FJ组和JF组的Weissella与Ligilactobacillus标准化丰度均值显著(P<0.05)低于MC组。FJ组的菌群结构呈现明显的拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroides)共优势特征,其相对丰度比MC组高。热图层次聚类分析显示,MC组的菌群结构与FJ、JF组形成独立分支,这种分离模式与其代谢表型差异呈现显著相关性(P<0.05)。值得注意的是,短链脂肪酸产生菌罗氏菌属(Roseburia)和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)在FJ、JF组的相对丰度最为明显,这可能与干预措施通过多菌群协同作用改善宿主代谢状态的生物学机制密切相关。
基于图8B的Circos样品-物种关系图分析,本研究展示了肠道菌群在属水平上的分布特征。本图一侧展示了不同实验组的样本分布,另一侧则呈现了主要的菌群组成。连接线表示各菌群在不同样本组中的丰度变化。图中可以清晰观察到,MC组与JF组和FJ组相比,干预后的Weissella和Ligilactobacillus的相对丰度明显提高。
具体而言,这些菌群的丰度增加既能通过脂多糖合成参与炎症反应途径,又能通过产生丁酸等短链脂肪酸代谢产物调节宿主免疫应答,表现出双重调节作用,这种菌群迭代现象表明,MC干预可能通过改变肠道环境pH,重塑微生物竞争微环境[35]。从Circos图整体结构来看,外部扇区代表不同样本组,内部扇区展示主要菌群,两者之间的连线粗细和密度反映了菌群在样本中的相对丰度,直观地展示了样品与菌群间的复杂互作网络。
根据图9所示的韦恩图分析,3组样品共检测到1296个OTU,三组共有OTU为71个,FJ与JF共有OTU为117个,JF与MC共有OTU为86个。从数据分布可以看出,FJ组独有的OTU数量最多,达到678,远高于其他两组。而JF组独有OTU为234,MC组为198。尽管MC组的总OTU数量最少,但其与FJ组的共有OTU数量最多(54个),这表明MC组与FJ组在物种组成上有一定的相似性。韦恩图清晰地展示了三组样本间物种组成的重叠与特异性分布情况,为进一步分析不同组别间的微生物群落差异提供了直观依据。
Alpha多样性是指特定生境或者生态系统内的多样性情况,通常利用物种丰富度与物种均匀度两个重要参数来计算。主要从observed species(也称Sobs)、Chao1、ACE、Shannon、Simpson常用的α多样性指数以及它们的相关分析结果。根据图10的Alpha多样性分析结果,FJ、JF和MC三组在肠道菌群多样性特征上呈现显著差异(P<0.05)(Kruskal-Wallis检验,P=0.0273)。MC组的物种丰富度与均匀度显著(P<0.05)降低,表明MC干预导致肠道菌群的物种多样性、群落结构复杂性及功能稳定性衰退。Rank-abundance曲线显示,MC组的丰度分布曲线在低Rank值区域(高丰度菌群)下降平缓,提示其菌群结构高度集中于少数优势菌(如Weissella和Ligilactobacillus)。这种集中化可能源于益智仁低聚糖对厚壁菌门的选择性富集(如促进乳杆菌属增殖),同时抑制拟杆菌门等竞争性菌群。尽管多样性下降,MC组优势菌群的功能稳定性显著提升(P<0.05)。例如,乳杆菌属分泌的细菌素类物质通过抑制病原菌定植[36],可能增强菌群对环境变化的抗逆性。MC干预通过重塑菌群结构,在降低肠道菌群遗传多样性的同时,可能通过功能菌群的协同作用提升其生态适应性。这一发现提示,益智仁低聚糖的作用机制更倾向于定向调控菌群功能网络,而非单纯增加多样性,为靶向肠道菌群干预提供了新视角。
Beta多样性分析是一种通过检查物种多样性来比较实验组和对照组之间群落的一般结构的方法。如图11所示,益智仁低聚糖处理组(MC)的样本点与菊粉对照组(JF)及粪菌组(FJ)的样本点在二维空间中均形成了明显分离,其中PCo1轴是区分MC组与其他两组的最主要维度。这表明相较于经典的益生元菊粉或粪菌的菌群结构[37],益智仁低聚糖的处理驱动群落结构产生了方向性的改变。进一步观察发现,MC组样本在PCo2轴上的分布范围较JF组和FJ组更为广泛和分散。这提示MC组内个体间的菌群组成异质性较高,群落结构状态可能不一致或处于动态变化之中。综合其空间分布特征,MC组菌群在结构上偏离了常规益生元干预所塑造的生态位,其内部又呈现出较高的离散度。这一结果说明益智仁低聚糖可能通过抑制某些关键菌门或促进特定代谢菌群[38]的增长调节肠道菌群。
从图12中可以观察到,样本中微生物功能以新陈代谢(Metabolism)为主导,约占总功能的78.1%,其子类中碳水化合物代谢(Carbohydrate Metabolism)丰度最高,达到396644;辅助因子和维生素代谢(Metabolism of Cofactors and Vitamins,316037)和氨基酸代谢(Amino Acid Metabolism,285169)紧随其后。遗传信息处理(Genetic Information Processing)位列第二,约占15.2%,包含复制与修复(Replication and Repair,126609)、翻译(Translation,66173)及转录(Transcription,13356)等重要子类。环境信息处理(Environmental Information Processing)中膜转运(Membrane Transport,87096)占比较高,体现了微生物对外界环境的适应能力。其余功能类别如细胞过程(Cellular Processes)、生物体系统(Organismal Systems)等丰度相对较低,分别占3.4%和0.3%。整体功能分布特征表明样本微生物群落具有显著的代谢活性和遗传适应性[39],在碳水化合物代谢方面表现尤为突出,暗示该微生物群落可能在能量获取和物质转化方面发挥着重要作用。
本研究系统解析了益智仁低聚糖(MC)的结构特征及其对肠道菌群的调控机制。结构分析表明,MC是由β糖苷键连接的葡萄糖均聚物(分子量2461 Da),具有β-葡聚糖主链特征,其多级自组装结构通过氢键网络和分子间作用力形成,XRD与SEM结果进一步证实了结晶区与非晶域共存的层级结构;纯化后均一的MC未表现出显著抗氧化活性,其抗氧化能力未达到统计学显著性阈值;肠道菌群分析显示,MC组芽孢杆菌门丰度显著提升,拟杆菌门被抑制,联合乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)富集度提高,可能通过分泌细菌素抑制病原菌并增强SCFAs合成。机制上,MC通过β-糖苷键稳定性延长肠道滞留时间,非晶区孔隙结构增强菌群结合效率,选择性激活SCFAs代谢通路,实现结构-功能双重调控。本研究阐明了MC结构特征与功能调控的内在关联,完善了“益生元结构-功能关系”理论框架。MC可改善代谢稳态,但其对拟杆菌门的过度抑制可能增加条件致病菌风险,未来需结合代谢组学验证其剂量效应,及在肠道疾病干预中的应用潜力。综上,本研究为益智仁低聚糖的功能开发奠定了科学基础,未来需通过多维度研究进一步拓展其应用边界,并规避潜在风险。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025060074
  • 接收时间:2025-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09
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    1喀什大学生命与地理科学学院,新疆帕米尔高原生物资源与生态重点实验室,新疆喀什 844000
    2广东海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,广东阳江 529500
    3广州万孚健康科技有限公司,中国广州 510640

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朱思明(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:。
吴军林(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品营养与健康、微生物发酵与工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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