Article(id=1320175723483091298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050293, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748448000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684020157, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684020157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684020157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684020157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=27, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175724389060963, articleId=1320175723483091298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Protective Effect of Hemp Peptide on Alcohol-induced Liver Injury in Mice, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of hemp peptide, an acute alcoholic liver injury model was established in C57BL/6 mice, and the mechanisms were examined with respect to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. H&E and Oil Red O staining were performed to assess hepatic histopathology. Serum and liver biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes were measured using biochemical assay kits. Related lipid metabolism and oxidative stress proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the alcoholic liver injury model control group, the high-dose hemp peptide group (1300 mg/kg·bw) exhibited significantly decreased liver indices in mice (P<0.05), with the hemp peptide group showing the maximum reduction of 12.48%. In the high-dose hemp peptide group, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were significantly reduced respectively (P<0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum were significantly reduced respectively (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver tissue were significantly increased respectively, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Mechanistically, CYP2E1 protein expression was significantly inhibited by hemp peptide, resulting in enhanced alcohol metabolism. Meanwhile, downregulation of SREBP-1c expression was observed, which effectively alleviated lipid metabolism disorders. Furthermore, PPARα protein expression was markedly upregulated, leading to accelerated fatty acid oxidation. Histopathological analysis revealed that hemp peptide ameliorated liver injury in mice to varying degrees. In conclusion, hemp peptide showed significant protective effects against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice, which would provide a theoretical foundation for developing hemp peptide functional foods.

, authors=Lianhui WEI1, Ziyi ZHANG2, Liwei WANG3, Guowei LI1, Wenqing LÜ1, baiyang LI1, Shuchen HAN1, Yuwen LIU1, Zhijia DONG1, Yan DONG1, *, Ying WANG4, 5, *, authorsList=Lianhui WEI, Ziyi ZHANG, Liwei WANG, Guowei LI, Wenqing LÜ, baiyang LI, Shuchen HAN, Yuwen LIU, Zhijia DONG, Yan DONG, Ying WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan DONG, Ying WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175727387988336, articleId=1320175723483091298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=汉麻仁肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究汉麻仁肽护肝作用,本研究通过构建C57BL/6小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,从脂质代谢、氧化应激等方面开展研究。通过苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色和油红O染色观察肝脏的组织学变化。采用生化试剂盒和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒分析血清和肝脏的生化指标,以及抗氧化酶和与酒精代谢相关酶的活性。利用酶联免疫印迹法检测肝脏中与脂质代谢、氧化应激相关蛋白的表达。结果表明:与酒精性肝损伤模型对照组相比,汉麻仁肽高剂量组(1300 mg/kg·bw)小鼠的肝脏指数显著下降(P<0.05),汉麻仁肽组最大降幅12.48%;汉麻仁肽高剂量组血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平分别显著降低(P<0.05);血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8三种炎症因子显著降低(P<0.05);肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著增加,丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);汉麻仁肽可能是通过抑制细胞色素P450 2E1的蛋白表达,增强酒精代谢,并通过下调固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c的表达,缓解脂代谢紊乱,增加过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α蛋白表达,加速脂肪酸的氧化;肝组织病理切片显示汉麻仁肽组小鼠肝损伤情况均有不同程度的改善。综上,汉麻仁肽对酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,为进一步开发汉麻仁肽功能食品提供理论依据。

, authors=魏连会1, 张子怡2, 王丽卫3, 李国巍1, 吕文庆1, 李柏阳1, 韩舒晨1, 刘雨雯1, 董芷嘉1, 董艳1, *, 王颖4, 5, *, authorsList=魏连会, 张子怡, 王丽卫, 李国巍, 吕文庆, 李柏阳, 韩舒晨, 刘雨雯, 董芷嘉, 董艳, 王颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=董艳, 王颖, authorNote=

魏连会(1983−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能性食品及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

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董艳(1979−),女,硕士,研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
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注:Control:正常对照组、Model:模型对照组、RU21:阳性对照组、HPP-L:汉麻仁肽低剂量组、HPP-M:汉麻仁肽中剂量组、HPP-H:汉麻仁肽高剂量组。与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05;与模型对照组比较,#P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=yQQ9yVEC2mnZvPGcmz25/g==, figureFileBig=GIKsJCvAH/CS+NQDv/wBAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175735277474244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of hemp peptide on serum biochemical indicators in mice with acute alcoholic liver injury, figureFileSmall=69/nJV3Ce6lOEN8FEoccuA==, figureFileBig=qvmwE7so+UdoGBGvn/V04A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175735340388805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=CN, label=图2, caption=汉麻仁肽对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠血清生化指标的影响

注:与正常对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001;与模型对照组比较,#P<0.05,##P<0.01,###P<0.001;图3、图4、图6同。

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注:A:肝脏组织HE 染色;B:肝脏组织油红O染色。

, figureFileSmall=E/b++JqELKoHW07xpCycSw==, figureFileBig=wc4qXB6B8MC4EZs+pqIW5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175735843705292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of hemp peptide on CYP2E1, SREBP-1c and PPARα proteins in the liver of mice with acute alcoholic liver injury, figureFileSmall=/cRc9uo6lOz+JH4p2V1uEg==, figureFileBig=OSN8SQnT6bAZZoUCoczVnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175735906619853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=CN, label=图6, caption=汉麻仁肽对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肝脏CYP2E1、SREBP-1c、PPARα 蛋白的影响, figureFileSmall=/cRc9uo6lOz+JH4p2V1uEg==, figureFileBig=OSN8SQnT6bAZZoUCoczVnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175736053420494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Molecular mass distribution of hemp peptide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分分子量范围(kDa)峰面积占比(%)
1≥52.18
23~56.93
32~314.38
41.5~216.29
51~1.511.62
60.5~114.36
70.2~0.513.84
8<0.220.40
), ArticleFig(id=1320175736133112271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

汉麻仁肽分子量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分分子量范围(kDa)峰面积占比(%)
1≥52.18
23~56.93
32~314.38
41.5~216.29
51~1.511.62
60.5~114.36
70.2~0.513.84
8<0.220.40
), ArticleFig(id=1320175736191832528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid composition of hemp peptide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保留时间(min)氨基酸峰面积在总氨基酸含量中的占比(%)
4.633Asp8591028.74
5.3Thr4201303.96
5.867Ser6948776.02
6.493Glu154918920.53
7.213Pro55812612.65
9.467Gly8153125.29
10.08Ala6964956.49
11.3Cys274660.30
11.82Val6203645.38
12.987Met230310.23
15.207Ile3728793.76
16.32Leu6106007.21
17.52Tyr1837533.53
18.827Phe3926694.59
21.4Lys3628323.20
23.56His1733501.93
27.593Arg4394045.36
), ArticleFig(id=1320175736271524305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175723483091298, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

汉麻仁肽氨基酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
保留时间(min)氨基酸峰面积在总氨基酸含量中的占比(%)
4.633Asp8591028.74
5.3Thr4201303.96
5.867Ser6948776.02
6.493Glu154918920.53
7.213Pro55812612.65
9.467Gly8153125.29
10.08Ala6964956.49
11.3Cys274660.30
11.82Val6203645.38
12.987Met230310.23
15.207Ile3728793.76
16.32Leu6106007.21
17.52Tyr1837533.53
18.827Phe3926694.59
21.4Lys3628323.20
23.56His1733501.93
27.593Arg4394045.36
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汉麻仁肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用
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魏连会 1 , 张子怡 2 , 王丽卫 3 , 李国巍 1 , 吕文庆 1 , 李柏阳 1 , 韩舒晨 1 , 刘雨雯 1 , 董芷嘉 1 , 董艳 1, * , 王颖 4, 5, *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(12): 27-36
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (12) : 27 -36
汉麻仁肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用
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魏连会1 , 张子怡2, 王丽卫3, 李国巍1, 吕文庆1, 李柏阳1, 韩舒晨1, 刘雨雯1, 董芷嘉1, 董艳1, * , 王颖4, 5, *
作者信息
  • 1黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2中国医科大学药学院,辽宁沈阳 110122
  • 3北京理工亘舒科技有限公司,北京 100049
  • 4黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 5黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆 163319
通讯作者:
董艳(1979−),女,硕士,研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

魏连会(1983−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:功能性食品及植物蛋白工程,E-mail:

Protective Effect of Hemp Peptide on Alcohol-induced Liver Injury in Mice
Lianhui WEI1 , Ziyi ZHANG2, Liwei WANG3, Guowei LI1, Wenqing LÜ1, baiyang LI1, Shuchen HAN1, Yuwen LIU1, Zhijia DONG1, Yan DONG1, * , Ying WANG4, 5, *
Affiliations
  • 1Daqing Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Daqing 163319, China
  • 2School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
  • 3Beijing Ligong Hengshu Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100049, China
  • 4College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
  • 5National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050293
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为探究汉麻仁肽护肝作用,本研究通过构建C57BL/6小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,从脂质代谢、氧化应激等方面开展研究。通过苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色和油红O染色观察肝脏的组织学变化。采用生化试剂盒和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒分析血清和肝脏的生化指标,以及抗氧化酶和与酒精代谢相关酶的活性。利用酶联免疫印迹法检测肝脏中与脂质代谢、氧化应激相关蛋白的表达。结果表明:与酒精性肝损伤模型对照组相比,汉麻仁肽高剂量组(1300 mg/kg·bw)小鼠的肝脏指数显著下降(P<0.05),汉麻仁肽组最大降幅12.48%;汉麻仁肽高剂量组血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平分别显著降低(P<0.05);血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8三种炎症因子显著降低(P<0.05);肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著增加,丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05);汉麻仁肽可能是通过抑制细胞色素P450 2E1的蛋白表达,增强酒精代谢,并通过下调固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c的表达,缓解脂代谢紊乱,增加过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α蛋白表达,加速脂肪酸的氧化;肝组织病理切片显示汉麻仁肽组小鼠肝损伤情况均有不同程度的改善。综上,汉麻仁肽对酒精诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,为进一步开发汉麻仁肽功能食品提供理论依据。

汉麻仁肽  /  急性酒精性肝损伤  /  氧化应激  /  脂质代谢  /  保护作用

To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of hemp peptide, an acute alcoholic liver injury model was established in C57BL/6 mice, and the mechanisms were examined with respect to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. H&E and Oil Red O staining were performed to assess hepatic histopathology. Serum and liver biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes were measured using biochemical assay kits. Related lipid metabolism and oxidative stress proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the alcoholic liver injury model control group, the high-dose hemp peptide group (1300 mg/kg·bw) exhibited significantly decreased liver indices in mice (P<0.05), with the hemp peptide group showing the maximum reduction of 12.48%. In the high-dose hemp peptide group, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were significantly reduced respectively (P<0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum were significantly reduced respectively (P<0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in liver tissue were significantly increased respectively, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Mechanistically, CYP2E1 protein expression was significantly inhibited by hemp peptide, resulting in enhanced alcohol metabolism. Meanwhile, downregulation of SREBP-1c expression was observed, which effectively alleviated lipid metabolism disorders. Furthermore, PPARα protein expression was markedly upregulated, leading to accelerated fatty acid oxidation. Histopathological analysis revealed that hemp peptide ameliorated liver injury in mice to varying degrees. In conclusion, hemp peptide showed significant protective effects against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice, which would provide a theoretical foundation for developing hemp peptide functional foods.

hemp peptide  /  acute alcohol-induced liver injury  /  oxidative stress  /  lipid metabolism  /  protective effect
魏连会, 张子怡, 王丽卫, 李国巍, 吕文庆, 李柏阳, 韩舒晨, 刘雨雯, 董芷嘉, 董艳, 王颖. 汉麻仁肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 27 -36 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050293
Lianhui WEI, Ziyi ZHANG, Liwei WANG, Guowei LI, Wenqing LÜ, baiyang LI, Shuchen HAN, Yuwen LIU, Zhijia DONG, Yan DONG, Ying WANG. Protective Effect of Hemp Peptide on Alcohol-induced Liver Injury in Mice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 27 -36 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050293
目前全球范围内每年因过度饮酒而死亡的人数约3万例,占总死亡人数的6%[1]。超过90%的过量饮酒者在酒精摄入初期会出现肝脂肪变性,其中约30%~35%会发展为酒精性肝病(Alcoholic Liver Disease,ALD),使ALD成为影响全球死亡率的重要病因[2−4]。研究表明,人体摄入的酒精约90%经胃肠道吸收后由循环系统转运至肝脏[5]。过量饮酒会促使酒精氧化为乙醛并在肝脏内蓄积,直接损伤肝细胞线粒体及微管系统,使得线粒体氧化磷酸化功能受损、耗氧量剧增,从而产生大量活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)[6−8]。当大量ROS在肝细胞内蓄积时,将会引发炎症反应,进一步加剧脂质过氧化级联反应,从而诱导程序性细胞死亡,推动ALD的发生发展。现阶段,预防和治疗酒精性肝损伤的化学药物虽具有一定疗效[9],但多数合成化学药物存在毒副作用及靶点特异性局限等问题[10]。因此,迫切需要开发预防及其治疗ALD的新物质。
近年来,食源性肽作为天然和安全的功能活性成分以改善人体健康被广泛研究。这些肽通常具有更高的特异性和亲和力,且副作用更少,能够表现出更高的组织穿透性[11]。其结构包含2~20个氨基酸,可在蛋白水解、发酵和胃肠消化酶的作用下被释放出来,根据氨基酸组成和序列的差异发挥各种不同的生物活性,如:抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗高血压、抗炎、保肝和改善睡眠作用[12−14]。据报道,食源性多肽能够激活乙醇脱氢酶,有助于促进酒精代谢,从而防止酒精诱导的肝损伤[15−16]。
汉麻籽长2.5~3.5 mm,呈棕色,带有深棕色条纹。汉麻籽可以生食、煮熟或烤制后食用,并且具有丰富的蛋白质、油脂、膳食纤维、维生素和微量元素等营养物质,已经被用于食品工业和医药行业。汉麻籽含有20%~30%的碳水化合物和10%~15%的不溶性纤维,25%~35% 的油和20%~25%的蛋白质[17]。汉麻籽蛋白主要由清蛋白和球蛋白组成,内含9种必需氨基酸,适合(2~5岁)儿童生长发育需要,且富含精氨酸,可作为一种营养成分,用来配制食品以改善心血管健康[18]。目前已有研究证明汉麻仁肽具有抗氧化、抗高血压、肾脏疾病调节、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制、抗癌、抗疲劳、对高胆固醇血症的免疫调节、神经保护和脂质代谢紊乱调节等多种作用[19−24],项目组前期通过生物酶解法制备了具有体外乙醇脱氢酶激活活性的汉麻仁肽,本研究进一步通过酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型,研究汉麻仁肽的体内护肝作用及其作用机制,以期为汉麻仁肽护肝产品的开发提供理论和实验依据,也为汉麻仁这一特种资源与其他护肝资源的高值化联合应用提供理论数据支撑。
汉麻仁蛋白 实验室自制,采用超临界CO2萃取制备(蛋白质含量75%);枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶(2×104 U/g) 东恒华道生物科技有限公司;Lieber-C控制流质饮食、Lieber乙醇流质饮食 美国Dyets公司;95%食用食品级酒精 耿马华临酒精有限责任公司;RU21 美国安体普公司;CYP2E1-Specific多克隆抗体、SREBF1多克隆抗体、PPARA单克隆抗体 美国Proteintech公司;MDA检测试剂盒、GSH检测试剂盒、SOD检测试剂盒、GSH-Px检测试剂盒、TNF-α检测试剂盒、IL-6检测试剂盒、IL-8检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;SPF级C57BL/6小鼠 雄性,8~10周龄共36只(生产许可证号:SCXK(苏)2022-0006),体重18~20 g,均由斯贝福(苏州)生物技术有限公司提供,使用许可证编号:SYXK(浙)2024-0003,36只小鼠被安置在SPF控制的动物设施中,保持温度20~26 ℃,相对湿度40%~60%,进行12 h的光暗循环。
Precisa12A型电子分析天平 普利赛斯公司;JT201N型电子天平 上海精天电子仪器有限公司;Millipo3150型除热源超纯水系统 Millipore公司;EPOCH2型酶标仪 Biotek公司;HM525NX型冷冻切片机 Thermo Fisher公司;NE910型显微镜 Nexcope公司;AU680全自动生化分析仪 贝克曼库尔特公司;Agilent 1260 高效液相色谱  安捷伦公司; L-8900 全自动氨基分析仪 日立公司。
称取10 g汉麻仁蛋白,加入50 mL去离子水,充分溶解搅拌均匀。加入中性蛋白酶,酶添加量为3360 U/g,调节酶解溶液pH6.2,酶解温度44 ℃,酶解时间2.75 h,充分酶解,酶解完成后95 ℃灭酶15 min,10000 r/min、4 ℃离心15 min,取上清液,采用5 kDa过滤膜过滤,将透过液真空冷冻干燥备用,得到汉麻仁肽。
参照GB/T 22492-2008《大豆肽粉》方法略作修改,采用体积排阻色谱法(Size Exclusion Chromatography,SEC)测定汉麻仁肽的分子量分布。分子量标准品混合物为酪氨酸(181 Da)、小肽(3246 Da)、红细胞色素C(12365 Da)、BSA(66430 Da)、IgG(150000 Da)。液相色谱检测条件:色谱柱:BioCore SEC-120(5 μm,7.8×300 mm);柱温为25 ℃;流速为0.7 mL/min;进样量为20 μL;流动相:150 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液;检测波长:UV 214 nm。
采用氨基酸分析仪,参照GB 5009.124-2016《食品中氨基酸的测定》的方法进行汉麻仁肽氨基酸组成分析。
SPF级C57BL/6小鼠适应性饲养一周后,随机分为正常对照组(Control)、模型对照组(Model)、阳性对照组(RU21)、汉麻仁肽低剂量组(HPP-L)、汉麻仁肽中剂量组(HPP-M)、汉麻仁肽高剂量组(HPP-H),共6组,实验动物伦理审查批文号(IACUC/HTYJ-9414-01)。参照Liang等[25]的方法,阳性对照小鼠每日给予安体普天然植物提取物复合片RU21,剂量为3 g/kg bw,汉麻仁肽低剂量组小鼠每日给予汉麻仁肽剂量为325 mg/kg bw,汉麻仁肽中剂量组小鼠每日给予汉麻仁肽剂量为650 mg/kg bw,汉麻仁肽高剂量组小鼠每日给予汉麻仁肽剂量为1300 mg/kg bw,正常对照组小鼠用控制流质饮食喂养10 d,同时每天灌胃生理盐水,剂量0.1 mL/10 g。其余各组小鼠用乙醇流质饮食喂养10 d,同时实验组每天灌胃汉麻仁肽,阳性对照组每天灌胃给予RU21,模型对照组每天灌胃给予蒸馏水,灌胃剂量为0.1 mL/10 g。末次灌胃结束后,除正常对照组外,各组小鼠再给予31.5%乙醇灌胃以构建急性酒精性肝损伤,正常对照组则给予45%麦芽糖糊精灌胃,灌胃剂量均为0.2 mL/10 g。
采用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,取出小鼠完整的肝脏,放入预冷的生理盐水中漂洗两到三遍,用滤纸将水渍擦拭干净,称量并记录肝脏质量。按如下公式计算小鼠肝脏指数:
$\rm 肝脏指数(mg/g)= \frac{\text{肝脏质量}(\text{mg})}{\text{体质量}(\mathrm{g})} $
将小鼠麻醉后进行血液采集,随后以4000 r/min的转速在4 ℃环境下对血样离心20 min,分离得到血清。运用全自动生化分析仪对各组小鼠血清中的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)与谷草转氨酶(AST)含量进行测定。借助酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)技术对血清中的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平进行测定。同时,依照试剂盒的操作流程对肝脏组织中的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的水平予以测定。
肝脏组织用4%中性多聚甲醛缓冲溶液固定,然后包埋石蜡。包埋组织制备厚度为5 μm的薄片,用苏木精和伊红(HE)溶液、油红O染色液按标准方案染色。然后将染色的组织切片装在载玻片上,用带相机的光学显微镜记录。
利用Western blotting技术,以GAPDH作为内参,对肝脏中CYP2E1、SREBP-1c、PPARα 蛋白表达水平进行检测。具体操作如下:采集小鼠肝脏样本,添加含有蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA裂解液,置于冰浴匀浆处理;将匀浆后液体4 ℃,14000 r/min离心10 min,获取肝脏总蛋白。借助BCA蛋白检测试剂盒测定蛋白质浓度。将20 μg蛋白样本在SDS-PAGE凝胶中分离,再转移至PVDF膜。转移后,用含有5%脱脂奶粉的TBST溶液对膜进行封闭处理2 h。随后,膜与抗CYP2E1、SREBP-1c、PPARα抗体,在4 ℃过夜孵育。一抗孵育结束,室温下,将膜与对应的二抗进行孵育1 h。运用化学发光成像分析系统对蛋白质条带予以可视化呈现。
采用 GraphPad Prism 9.5软件作图分析数据,数据结果均以“mean±SD”表示。采用单因素方差分析评估两组间的均数差异,P<0.05为具有统计学意义。
汉麻仁肽分子量分布如表1所示,汉麻仁肽中分子量小于3000 Da的肽占比90.89%,分子量小于2000 Da的肽占比76.51%,分子量小于1500 Da的小肽占比60.22%。研究表明蛋白质经水解后,产生不同分子量分布的多肽片段,从而形成一系列不同分子量大小的多肽混合物,且分子量大小与生物活性密切相关。已有研究证明,分子量小于3000 Da的多肽具有较高的生物活性[26]。本研究中汉麻仁肽分子量分布在3000 Da以下的占比为90%以上,说明汉麻仁肽可能具有较高的生物活性潜能。
氨基酸测定结果如表2所示,汉麻仁肽中含量最高的氨基酸为谷氨酸(Glu),氨基酸含量占比为20.53%,其次为脯氨酸(Pro),含量占比为12.65%,支链氨基酸(Val、Leu、Ile)含量占比为16.35%。肽的生物活性与其氨基酸组成紧密相关。Cai等[27]研究表明,Glu等酸性氨基酸在自由基链式反应中能够清除过量的自由基起到一定的抗氧化作用。脯氨酸(Pro)已被证实能够在机体的三羧酸循环中产生稳定的NAD+,有利于促进乙醛的分解,对乙醇在肝脏中的代谢有重要促进作用[28]。支链氨基酸可以促进肝脏修复,其摄入被认为是缓解肝损伤的有效措施[29]。故而,从氨基酸组成的角度分析,汉麻仁肽具有抗氧化、激活ADH、促进乙醇快速分解以及减轻因乙醇摄入导致的肝损伤的潜能。
当摄入过量酒精时,机体对酒精的代谢速率低于摄入速率,导致代谢产物堆积,进而对肝脏造成损害,使肝脏出现肿大现象,表现为肝脏质量和体积的增加。肝脏肿大是酒精性肝病的常见临床症状之一,其程度通常通过肝脏指数来衡量[30]。如图1所示,与正常对照组相比,模型对照组小鼠的肝脏指数上升了16.12%(P<0.05)。这种增加可能是因为连续灌胃过量酒精,机体无法及时将其代谢,从而引发小鼠肝脏肿胀,初步表明造模成功。而与模型对照组相比,阳性对照组以及汉麻仁肽低、中、高剂量组的小鼠肝脏指数分别降低了7.18%、3.58%、6.08%、12.48%,其中汉麻仁肽高剂量组的降低效果最为显著(P<0.05)。
乙醇代谢障碍引发的脂质稳态失衡是ALD的典型病理特征。过量乙醇通过抑制脂肪酸 β氧化及极低密度脂蛋白(Very Low-Density Lipoprotein,VLDL)合成,TG在肝细胞质异常蓄积,形成特征性脂滴结构。血清转氨酶动态监测显示,ALT和AST作为肝细胞膜完整性标志物,其血清浓度与肝实质损伤程度呈正相关,临床常作为肝毒性评估金标准[31]。如图2,与正常对照组相比,模型对照组的ALT、AST、TG、TC水平显著升高(P<0.05),表示造模成功;与模型对照组相比,汉麻仁肽低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组均能够降低ALT、AST、TG、TC水平,其中汉麻仁肽中剂量组能够显著降低TC水平(P<0.05),汉麻仁肽高剂量组能够显著降低ALT、AST、TG、TC水平(P<0.05),阳性对照组显著降低TG、TC水平(P<0.05),其中汉麻仁肽高剂量组的降低效果最为显著(P<0.05)。
肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)作为多效性炎症介质,通过与白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-1β等促炎因子形成正向调控网络,在炎症级联反应中发挥核心作用[32]。这些细胞因子通过NF-κB等信号通路存在交叉诱导现象,构成持续放大的炎症环路,其中TNF-α因其强大的促炎效应常作为评估炎症进程的关键生物标志物[33]。从图3可以看出,急性酒精性肝损伤引发炎症反应,模型对照组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8释放量显著提高(P<0.001),与正常对照组比较分别增长5.2倍、3.06倍、5.02倍。与模型对照组相比,阳性对照组和不同剂量的汉麻仁肽组干预均能够有效降低肝脏组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8含量,其中阳性对照组和汉麻仁肽中、高剂量组与模型组比较差异显著(P<0.05),说明汉麻仁肽的干预可以有效降低肝组织中TNF-α含量,肝脏组织炎症反应减弱。与模型组相比,随着汉麻仁肽干预剂量的增加,肝脏组织中的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8含量降低,且呈现剂量依赖性。表明汉麻仁肽的干预可以显著降低肝脏组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的释放量(P<0.05)。
乙醇经口摄入后主要通过肝实质细胞进行生物转化。过量摄入时,其不完全代谢过程会加速活性氧(ROS)的产生,干扰机体抗氧化防御机制,最终引发氧化应激反应。在肝脏抗氧化体系中,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)通过歧化超氧阴离子发挥初级防御作用,谷胱甘肽(GSH)及其过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)构成次级抗氧化屏障,协同维持氧化还原稳态。丙二醛(MDA)作为脂质过氧化终产物,其浓度变化可表征生物膜损伤程度,肝组织MDA水平与肝细胞膜过氧化损伤呈正相关[34]。实验数据显示(图4),酒精暴露模型组较正常组呈现显著抗氧化系统失衡:SOD活力显著下降(P<0.001),GSH活力显著降低(P<0.001),GSH-Px活力显著减少(P<0.001),同时MDA蓄积量显著激增(P<0.001),证实成功构建酒精性肝损伤模型。与模型对照组相比,阳性对照组和汉麻仁肽低、中、高剂量组对肝组织中的生化指标都有不同程度的改善,表明汉麻仁肽作为一种抗氧化剂可以降低酒精引起的氧化应激,平衡机体的氧化还原系统。汉麻仁肽中、高剂量组和阳性对照组使SOD活力显著升高(P<0.01),GSH活力显著升高(P<0.001),GSH-Px酶活力显著升高(P<0.001);MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),且随着汉麻仁肽剂量的增加肝组织的保护和改善效果也发生相应的改变,呈现一定的量效关系。
小鼠肝脏组织的HE染色切片观察结果如图5A呈现,各实验组的差异能清晰揭示肝脏受损状况。相较于正常对照组而言,模型对照组的肝组织出现了显著的病理变化。其肝脏呈现出弥漫性微囊性脂肪变性特征,同时伴有明显的炎症反应以及肝细胞肿胀现象。肝小叶结构受到严重破坏,原本规整的肝细胞索排列变得紊乱无章。深入观察可发现,肝细胞体积较正常情况下有所增大,胞质呈现疏松状态,在胞浆内部,还存在着大小不一、数量各异且呈现弥散分布的空泡状脂滴。阳性对照组RU21小鼠的肝脏脂质积累和炎症浸润显著减少。与模型对照组相比,汉麻仁肽低、中、高剂量组的肝脏形态学均有所改善。其中,汉麻仁肽高剂量组小鼠的微囊性脂肪变性和水肿病理现象明细低于模型对照组。这些结果表明,汉麻仁肽的摄入对酒精性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏微囊性脂肪变性和肝水肿病理具有显著的改善作用。
油红O染色结果如图5B所示,与正常对照组相比,模型对照组小鼠肝细胞中存在大量红色脂滴,肝组织脂质含量和分布显著增加。阳性对照组RU21以及汉麻仁肽各剂量组的红色脂滴明显减少,且汉麻仁肽组肝细胞脂滴蓄积均呈现出不同程度的改善。随着剂量的增加,改善效果愈发显著,呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系。其中,汉麻仁肽高剂量组的水平基本与阳性对照RU21组相当,这表明汉麻仁肽能够显著改善小鼠肝组织的脂肪沉积、脂肪变性和脂质积累,对脂代谢紊乱具有显著的改善作用。
由图6A可知,Western blot结果显示,与对照组相比,小鼠肝脏CYP2E1的蛋白水平表达显著增加(P<0.001)。与正常对照组比较,模型对照组中CYP2E1蛋白表达增加了3.11倍。汉麻仁肽低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照RU21组的CYP2E1蛋白表达较模型组显著下降(P<0.001)。研究发现乙醇能够通过延缓CYP2E1的降解,而提高其相对蛋白水平,提前给予汉麻仁肽和RU21在一定程度上可以减轻酒精性肝损伤,预测汉麻仁肽可能是通过抑制CYP2E1的蛋白表达实现的。
脂代谢调控网络分析显示,固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(SREBP-1c)作为脂质合成关键调节因子,通过激活脂肪酸合酶(FAS)及乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)等靶基因,主导脂质从头合成通路[35]。由图6B可看出,与正常对照组相比,模型对照组SREBP-1c的蛋白表达水平显著增加3.78倍(P<0.001)。与模型对照组相比,汉麻仁肽低、中、高剂量组,阳性对照组的SREBP-1c的蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.001),且汉麻仁肽组随剂量的增加下降幅度逐渐增大。说明汉麻仁肽组和RU21组均可通过下调SREBP-1c的表达缓解脂代谢紊乱,对酒精性肝损伤小鼠起到保护作用。
作为核激素受体家族的关键成员,过氧化物酶体增殖剂激活受体α(PPARα)以脂肪酸及其衍生物作为内源性配体,主要承担着调控脂肪酸转运、摄取以及氧化相关基因表达的重任[36]。由图6C可知,急性摄入酒精后,模型对照组小鼠肝脏PPARα的蛋白表达水平与正常对照组相比显著降低(P<0.001),研究表明乙醇能够抑制PPARα及其调控的某些脂肪氧化酶的表达,引起脂肪酸氧化减少,脂肪酸合成增加。与模型对照组相比,不同剂量汉麻仁肽组PPARα的蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.001),说明汉麻仁肽摄入能够抑制酒精引起的PPARα蛋白水平的降低;与模型对照组相比,RU21组小鼠的PPARα蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.001)。以上结果说明汉麻仁肽和RU21均可通过上调PPARα蛋白表达,加速脂肪酸的氧化,从而对酒精性肝损伤有一定的改善作用。
酒精性肝病(ALD)的临床表现包括一系列病理变化,甚至可能进一步发展为肝癌。有研究表明,酒精引起的氧化应激、炎症反应是ALD的主要病理机制。长期饮酒可破坏肝细胞膜通透性,致使血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平升高,这两种酶是评估肝损伤的重要生化指标[37];多项研究表明[38],药物提供肝脏保护作用后,能有效减轻慢性酒精暴露引起的肝脏指数升高以及血清ALT和AST释放;而血清甘油三酯(TG)水平和胆固醇(TC)异常升高作为酒精性肝损伤的另一特征性改变,这些指标的变化与ALD的症状存在显著相关性[39]。实验数据显示,汉麻仁肽干预能使酒精性肝病(ALD)模型小鼠血清ALT及AST、TG和TC含量显著下降(P<0.05),表明其能够恢复肝细胞功能、减轻乙醇诱导的肝损伤;调控脂质代谢通路改善肝细胞脂肪变性。这一结果与Wang等[40]的结果相符。而组织病理学分析进一步佐证了这种保护效应,经汉麻仁肽干预后,HE染色肝组织微泡状脂肪变性程度减轻,肝细胞气球样变现象明显减少。油红O染色显示汉麻仁肽组肝细胞脂滴蓄积均呈现出不同程度的改善,这些证据系统揭示了汉麻仁肽通过多靶点作用机制对抗乙醇性肝损伤的保肝特性。
细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)是一种乙醇代谢酶,作为微粒体乙醇氧化系统的核心酶系;其通过将乙醇氧化过程与烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)相偶联,在酒精代谢中发挥关键作用[41]。长期酒精暴露可诱导肝脏CYP2E1异常高表达,进而引发活性氧(ROS)过量生成、生物膜脂质过氧化及氧化-抗氧化系统失衡等病理改变[42];由此产生机体的氧化应激反应,进一步导致肝损伤症状和机体炎症反应。而NADH产生的肝细胞中能量随着酒精代谢而过度储存所驱动[43]会导致甾醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)水平的上调和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)水平下调,从而激活脂肪生成酶,诱导脂质积累,抑制线粒体脂肪酸氧化或输出,最终导致肝脂肪变性[44];Lin[45]和Louvet的研究[46]证明了这一点,认为SREBP和PPARα能作为ALD治疗的潜在靶点。在氧化应激条件下,核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的失衡导致其下游炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的过度释放[47],从而进一步加重肝脏炎症反应,带来肝损伤。而汉麻仁肽的干预可以显著降低酒精暴露小鼠肝脏CYP2E1含量,同时下调SREBP-1c和上调PPARα的表达,同时降低肝脏组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的释放量,调控小鼠机体的氧化应激和炎症反应,缓解ALD的症状。
氧化应激导致的过量活性氧(ROS)生成会抑制或耗尽内源性抗氧化防御系统,继而引发氧化应激、肝细胞凋亡、脂质过氧化及肝组织损伤[48]。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽酶(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)是肝脏代表性抗氧化酶系[49]。丙二醛(MDA)作为氧化应激与脂质过氧化的重要生物标志物,其水平可客观反映机体氧化损伤程度[50−51]。Stewart等[52]的研究中,证实给药后小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶GSH、SOD及GSH-Px活性增加,阻断肝脏中MDA蓄积,有效缓解了肝损伤症状;经本研究验证,汉麻仁肽干预后肝脏GSH、SOD及GSH-Px活性显著提升,同时肝脏MDA含量明显降低,展现出抗氧化保护特性。
本研究以汉麻仁肽为原料,通过建立小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,从肝脏病理学形态变化、肝脏内氧化应激、脂质代谢相关酶变化等方面,评价汉麻仁肽保肝作用。结果表明,与模型对照组相比,汉麻仁肽能够发挥护肝作用,使小鼠肝脏指数显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏中的抗氧化酶(GSH、GSH-Px、SOD)活力显著升高(P<0.05),血液中AST、ALT、TG、TC、炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和肝脏组织中MDA的含量显著降低(P<0.05);汉麻仁肽还能够通过调节CYP2E1、SREBP-1c和PPARα调控小鼠酒精性肝损伤相关酶的表达,起到缓解酒精性肝损伤症状的作用。然而,汉麻仁肽对酒精性肝损伤小鼠保护作用的具体机制、多肽的结构及相关构效关系尚未完全阐述,下一步将通过多组学技术,探究汉麻仁肽对肠-肝轴的调控作用的分子机制;采用肽组学联用分子对接的新兴技术,实现汉麻仁护肝活性肽的高效筛选。同时,汉麻仁肽作为对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用的功能性食品及保健食品有待进一步通过人体实验验证。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050293
  • 接收时间:2025-05-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-29
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    1黑龙江省科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2中国医科大学药学院,辽宁沈阳 110122
    3北京理工亘舒科技有限公司,北京 100049
    4黑龙江八一农垦大学食品学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    5黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术中心,黑龙江大庆 163319

通讯作者:

董艳(1979−),女,硕士,研究员,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
王颖(1979−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏工程及食品质量与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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