Article(id=1320166057562714754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050290, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748361600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681715621, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1784044800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681715621, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681715621, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681715621, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320165935235846995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='14', pageStart='1', pageEnd='532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784044800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681686457, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720591676, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329115677344178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329115681538483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320165935235846995, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=144, endPage=154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166057747264131, articleId=1320166057562714754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation and Characterization of Composite Probiotic Microcapsules Based on Biofilm Cultivation, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to integrate the natural biofilm of probiotics with microencapsulation technology in a synergistic manner, so as to construct a novel and synergistic probiotic protection strategy. This study aimed to select the optimal combination of bacterial strains from various prebiotic culture media based on their growth rate and ability to form biofilms. The selected strains were then used to prepare single-layer, double-layer, biofilm-like single-layer, and biofilm-like double-layer microcapsules. The protective effects of the freeze-dried microcapsules containing the selected strains on the viability of the probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and conditions of low temperature storage were investigated. The results showed that the highest growth and biofilm formation was achieved when Lactobacillus fermentum F7 and Bifidobacterium longum B22 were co-cultured in a medium containing 1.5% IMO at a 1:1 inoculation ratio. The particle size was determined to be in the range 2.29~2.45 mm for all four microcapsule types, and viable counts were recorded between 9.58~10.03 lg CFU/g. Stress tests showed that the biofilm-like bilayer microcapsules provided the strongest protection against the compound bacteria, with a survival rate of more than 93% after freeze-drying. Even after storage at −18 ℃ and 4 ℃ for 7 weeks, the viable counts were maintained above 108 CFU/g in the biofilm-like bilayer microcapsules. This study lays the foundation for the development of freeze-dried biofilm-like composite probiotic microcapsules and suggests an effective protective strategy for probiotics under stressful conditions.

, authors=Xiaojing WEI1, 2, Meiling AN2, 3, Xuerui LI1, Xiaohong LUO2, 3, Ruirui ZHANG4, Yongqing NI1, 2, 4, *, Hailong SUN1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=Xiaojing WEI, Meiling AN, Xuerui LI, Xiaohong LUO, Ruirui ZHANG, Yongqing NI, Hailong SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongqing NI, Hailong SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166061132067476, articleId=1320166057562714754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于生物膜培育的复合益生菌微胶囊的制备及特性分析, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了将益生菌的天然生物膜与微胶囊技术进行协同整合,以构筑一种协同增效的新型益生菌保护策略。本研究从不同益生元培养基中筛选生长量及生物膜形成能力最优的菌株组合,并分别制备复合益生菌单层、双层、生物膜样单层及生物膜样双层微胶囊,探究冻干后复合益生菌微胶囊在模拟胃肠液及低温贮藏等胁迫条件下对益生菌的保护作用。结果表明,以1:1接种的发酵乳杆菌F7和长双歧杆菌B22在1.5% IMO的培养基中共同培养时其生长量及生物膜形成能力最佳。四种微胶囊粒径范围均为2.29~2.45 mm,活菌数介于9.58~10.03 lg CFU/g,经胁迫实验发现生物膜样双层微胶囊对复合菌的保护性能最优,在冷冻干燥过程中此类微胶囊菌株存活率高于93%。在−18 ℃和4 ℃保存7周后,生物膜样双层微胶囊内活菌数量仍可维持在108 CFU/g以上。本研究为冻干生物膜样复合益生菌微胶囊的开发奠定了基础,同时也为益生菌在胁迫环境中提供了有效保护措施。

, authors=魏小晶1, 2, 安美玲2, 3, 李雪瑞1, 罗晓红2, 3, 张瑞瑞4, 倪永清1, 2, 4, *, 孙海龙1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=魏小晶, 安美玲, 李雪瑞, 罗晓红, 张瑞瑞, 倪永清, 孙海龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=倪永清, 孙海龙, authorNote=

魏小晶(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
倪永清(1969−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:。
孙海龙(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=G/tWlT3xbPFPvBjcGv1u6w==, magXml=7bYi5gPIIMt/WOA4n8tVKw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RhWQTYEabyMXOnVwA08FWg==, pdfFileSize=6855511, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=BSqSLxyluTYurzFrZu19mQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+vN25HNE01YMcg8Tu9LV3w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320166061689909922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1571292529@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320166061782184613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, authorId=1320166061689909922, language=EN, stringName=Xiaojing WEI, firstName=Xiaojing, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Harbin: Heilongjiang University, 2015.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320166075724051234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI Y. Preparation and quality evaluation of composite Lactobacillus microcapsules[D]. Harbin: Heilongjiang University, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320166061329199765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061337588374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061329199765, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061345976983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061329199765, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1石河子大学食品学院,新疆石河子 832003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166061413085848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061421474457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061413085848, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Dairy Industry Innovation Research Institute, Xinjiang Tianrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061429863066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061413085848, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2兵团乳制品产业创新研究院,新疆天润生物科技股份有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166061496971931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061505360540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061496971931, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Xinjiang Tianrun Tangwangcheng Dairy Co., Ltd., Tumushuke 843999, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061513749149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061496971931, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3新疆天润唐王城乳品有限公司,新疆图木舒克 843999)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320166061601829534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061606023839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061601829534, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Specialty Dairy Processing Technology Innovation Center, Xinjiang Shihezi Huayuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Shihezi 832003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320166061614412448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, companyId=1320166061601829534, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4兵团特色乳加工技术创新中心,新疆石河子花园乳业有限公司,新疆石河子 832003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320166065812910805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Growth curves of different levels of bacterial strains, figureFileSmall=Ui+lRKCBvJ0AE3qPNb2anQ==, figureFileBig=BSqSLxyluTYurzFrZu19mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166065884213974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同种水平菌株的生长曲线

注:A~E分别为发酵乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、长双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌。

, figureFileSmall=Ui+lRKCBvJ0AE3qPNb2anQ==, figureFileBig=BSqSLxyluTYurzFrZu19mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066081346263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Formation of biofilm in different levels of bacterial strains, figureFileSmall=QCDzt8U5WwOKWlP98oKG3g==, figureFileBig=g57oaoVKVXCPkO0WGNgQKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066182009560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同种水平菌株的生物膜形成情况

注:A为不同波长下样品的吸光度值;B~F分别为发酵乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、长双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌的生物膜形成情况。

, figureFileSmall=QCDzt8U5WwOKWlP98oKG3g==, figureFileBig=g57oaoVKVXCPkO0WGNgQKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066257507033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of inoculation ratio and IMO dosage on bacterial growth and biofilm formation, figureFileSmall=tmeOIMpUQhhHm4C/s7JZ0Q==, figureFileBig=fJEzCvc+WXyESau5+2RJVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066328810202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同接菌比例及IMO添加量对菌株生长及生物膜形成的影响, figureFileSmall=tmeOIMpUQhhHm4C/s7JZ0Q==, figureFileBig=fJEzCvc+WXyESau5+2RJVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066391724763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Morphological observation of biofilms in pure and co-cultures using microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, figureFileSmall=VD6C0LUH7EFcThWpI3EDvA==, figureFileBig=2qjsoxQKUV9S+/7Wwi7kVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066458833628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图4, caption=显微镜及扫描电镜下单菌培养及复合菌株共培养的生物膜形态观察

注:A~C分别为显微镜下B22、F7单独培养及B22与F7共培养时形成的生物膜;D~F分别为扫描电镜下B22、F7单独培养及B22与F7共培养时形成的生物膜(5 μm)。

, figureFileSmall=VD6C0LUH7EFcThWpI3EDvA==, figureFileBig=2qjsoxQKUV9S+/7Wwi7kVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066525942493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Appearance of microcapsules, figureFileSmall=BOQIWrsgzfgQSo7xIolhdQ==, figureFileBig=jfXgd19ml/bTOXJdKBUl0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066605634270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图5, caption=微胶囊的外观图, figureFileSmall=BOQIWrsgzfgQSo7xIolhdQ==, figureFileBig=jfXgd19ml/bTOXJdKBUl0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066697908959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Surface morphology of complex probiotic microcapsules after lyophilization, figureFileSmall=YFDaKQQIBGpQadyvK1W+EA==, figureFileBig=8BmuUAu+yu3gjsfv5hzYsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066781795040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图6, caption=复合益生菌微胶囊冻干后的表面形态

注:A、B为单层微胶囊的表面形态图;C、D为双层微胶囊的表面形态图;E、F为生物膜样单层微胶囊的表面形态;G、H为生物膜样双层微胶囊的表面形态图;红圈标记处可清晰观察到菌株生长聚集现象。

, figureFileSmall=YFDaKQQIBGpQadyvK1W+EA==, figureFileBig=8BmuUAu+yu3gjsfv5hzYsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066848903905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Survival rate and heat resistance analysis of microencapsulated probiotic strains after freeze-drying, figureFileSmall=2zqiFiy/rrbE0tyzcdrMSw==, figureFileBig=nLz3p7hSmUWmkNZU8rE5bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066932789986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图7, caption=复合益生菌微胶囊冷冻干燥后菌株的存活率及耐热性分析

注:A为冷冻干燥后微胶囊中菌株的存活率;B为冻干微胶囊在50 ℃热处理10 min后菌株的存活率;FC代表游离菌、MC1代表单层微胶囊、MC2代表双层微胶囊、MC3代表生物膜样单层微胶囊、MC4代表生物膜样双层微胶囊;不同小写字母表示数据差异显著,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=2zqiFiy/rrbE0tyzcdrMSw==, figureFileBig=nLz3p7hSmUWmkNZU8rE5bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166066999898851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Stability analysis of freeze-dried composite probiotic microcapsules at different storage temperatures, figureFileSmall=8o8mQixpi1baBVBfFqqIfw==, figureFileBig=tU3Hhc4SuLV/KpE0Jc6d7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166067087979236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=图8, caption=冻干复合益生菌微胶囊在不同贮藏温度下的稳定性分析

注:A、B分别为−18 ℃贮藏期间F7和B22的活菌数;C、D分别为4 ℃贮藏期间微胶囊中F7和B22的活菌数;E、F分别为25 ℃贮藏期间微胶囊中F7和B22的活菌数;FC代表游离菌、MC1代表单层微胶囊、MC2代表双层微胶囊、MC3代表生物膜样单层微胶囊、MC4代表生物膜样双层微胶囊。

, figureFileSmall=8o8mQixpi1baBVBfFqqIfw==, figureFileBig=tU3Hhc4SuLV/KpE0Jc6d7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166067171865317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Growth of strains in monoculture and coculture under different prebiotic media

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株GluGOSFOSD-TrehaloseIMOInulinXOSRSPectinMucin
F71.204±0.0040.785±0.023/1.191±0.0020.530±0.070.509±0.0430.173±0.0590.317±0.1370.303±0.023/
F101.174±0.0150.775±0.009/1.385±0.0050.664±0.0410.350±0.0050.185±0.0230.328±0.0210.364±0.031/
P71.148±0.0180.861±0.0580.736±0.0531.164±0.0230.841±0.077/0.192±0.0050.414±0.020.520±0.0070.144±0.019
P111.192±0.0191.210±0.0421.244±0.0171.401±0.010.985±0.069/0.647±0.0440.541±0.0140.240±0.0220.248±0.033
R111.210±0.0250.850±0.023/1.346±0.0050.624±0.072/0.282±0.0150.416±0.010.290±0.0060.238±0.009
R191.234±0.0180.832±0.061/1.358±0.0520.748±0.046/0.251±0.0130.446±0.0290.329±0.010.234±0.025
B211.115±0.0220.671±0.051/0.074±0.0050.346±0.0680.368±0.0320.069±0.0140.039±0.0030.110±0.017/
B221.054±0.0410.677±0.019/0.012±0.0030.644±0.050.270±0.0180.066±0.0080.105±0.0060.197±0.024/
b820.554±0.0190.303±0.0320.487±0.0070.026±0.0070.434±0.031/0.046±0.0250.085±0.0160.088±0.030.487±0.007
b1120.613±0.0351.064±0.0230.473±0.0380.047±0.0250.611±0.075/0.185±0.0210.070±0.0030.085±0.020.473±0.038
F7+B211.218±0.0060.871±0.081/1.155±0.0390.777±0.0720.541±0.0290.206±0.0080.360±0.0260.372±0.009/
F7+B221.301±0.0210.874±0.08/1.256±0.0181.689±0.070.544±0.020.186±0.0110.361±0.0080.394±0.032/
F7+b821.202±0.0010.875±0.0151.134±0.0371.286±0.0290.548±0.066/0.213±0.0390.385±0.0240.386±0.020.376±0.05
F7+b1121.203±0.0180.871±0.081.109±0.0471.299±0.0240.905±0.078/0.152±0.0450.417±0.0130.208±0.0180.503±0.033
F10+B211.191±0.0251.056±0.021/1.319±0.0410.833±0.0750.195±0.0320.204±0.0280.393±0.0440.366±0.016/
F10+B221.245±0.0250.822±0.007/1.311±0.0060.813±0.0790.229±0.0090.197±0.0090.434±0.030.288±0.025/
F10+b821.224±0.0230.983±0.0051.068±0.0271.361±0.0090.775±0.073/0.213±0.0310.364±0.0460.315±0.0430.477±0.019
F10+b1121.271±0.0370.910±0.071.071±0.0111.347±0.010.831±0.059/0.128±0.0450.319±0.0320.302±0.0170.493±0.05
P7+B211.094±0.0071.048±0.012/1.104±0.0190.804±0.0770.237±0.0320.182±0.0090.413±0.0190.663±0.015/
P7+B221.132±0.0271.037±0.07/1.156±0.0050.878±0.0610.239±0.0230.196±0.0040.435±0.0050.279±0.025/
P7+b821.254±0.0280.970±0.0070.798±0.0081.185±0.0690.821±0.071/0.180±0.0180.423±0.0110.255±0.0270.426±0.038
P7+b1121.216±0.0311.014±0.0580.686±0.0181.273±0.0530.764±0.083/0.205±0.0200.388±0.0020.272±0.0530.497±0.049
P11+B221.307±0.0291.115±0.073/1.430±0.0130.963±0.0860.409±0.0150.640±0.050.563±0.0080.290±0.022/
P11+b821.033±0.0111.211±0.0831.084±0.0791.304±0.0040.903±0.064/0.513±0.0120.467±0.0460.180±0.0280.638±0.049
P11+b1121.232±0.0221.104±0.0461.153±0.0561.357±0.020.955±0.095/0.581±0.0110.505±0.0700.177±0.0220.642±0.006
R11+B221.233±0.0261.060±0.0150.839±0.0331.262±0.0150.682±0.0790.298±0.0020.244±0.010.552±0.0320.404±0.028/
R11+b821.192±0.0040.746±0.072/1.290±0.0240.706±0.066/0.328±0.010.485±0.0030.219±0.0320.470±0.097
R11+b1121.214±0.010.945±0.059/1.307±0.0590.779±0.072/0.237±0.0280.469±0.0040.274±0.0160.532±0.068
R19+B221.262±0.0220.994±0.0970.869±0.0271.453±0.050.790±0.0720.298±0.0040.240±0.0220.368±0.0220.289±0.019/
R19+b821.268±0.0130.867±0.014/1.339±0.0040.635±0.084/0.282±0.0390.371±0.0270.318±0.0380.478±0.083
R19+b1121.275±0.0280.935±0.099/1.314±0.0120.835±0.065/0.161±0.0370.341±0.0320.277±0.0310.459±0.063
), ArticleFig(id=1320166067255751398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

在不同益生元培养基中单独及共培养菌株的生长情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株GluGOSFOSD-TrehaloseIMOInulinXOSRSPectinMucin
F71.204±0.0040.785±0.023/1.191±0.0020.530±0.070.509±0.0430.173±0.0590.317±0.1370.303±0.023/
F101.174±0.0150.775±0.009/1.385±0.0050.664±0.0410.350±0.0050.185±0.0230.328±0.0210.364±0.031/
P71.148±0.0180.861±0.0580.736±0.0531.164±0.0230.841±0.077/0.192±0.0050.414±0.020.520±0.0070.144±0.019
P111.192±0.0191.210±0.0421.244±0.0171.401±0.010.985±0.069/0.647±0.0440.541±0.0140.240±0.0220.248±0.033
R111.210±0.0250.850±0.023/1.346±0.0050.624±0.072/0.282±0.0150.416±0.010.290±0.0060.238±0.009
R191.234±0.0180.832±0.061/1.358±0.0520.748±0.046/0.251±0.0130.446±0.0290.329±0.010.234±0.025
B211.115±0.0220.671±0.051/0.074±0.0050.346±0.0680.368±0.0320.069±0.0140.039±0.0030.110±0.017/
B221.054±0.0410.677±0.019/0.012±0.0030.644±0.050.270±0.0180.066±0.0080.105±0.0060.197±0.024/
b820.554±0.0190.303±0.0320.487±0.0070.026±0.0070.434±0.031/0.046±0.0250.085±0.0160.088±0.030.487±0.007
b1120.613±0.0351.064±0.0230.473±0.0380.047±0.0250.611±0.075/0.185±0.0210.070±0.0030.085±0.020.473±0.038
F7+B211.218±0.0060.871±0.081/1.155±0.0390.777±0.0720.541±0.0290.206±0.0080.360±0.0260.372±0.009/
F7+B221.301±0.0210.874±0.08/1.256±0.0181.689±0.070.544±0.020.186±0.0110.361±0.0080.394±0.032/
F7+b821.202±0.0010.875±0.0151.134±0.0371.286±0.0290.548±0.066/0.213±0.0390.385±0.0240.386±0.020.376±0.05
F7+b1121.203±0.0180.871±0.081.109±0.0471.299±0.0240.905±0.078/0.152±0.0450.417±0.0130.208±0.0180.503±0.033
F10+B211.191±0.0251.056±0.021/1.319±0.0410.833±0.0750.195±0.0320.204±0.0280.393±0.0440.366±0.016/
F10+B221.245±0.0250.822±0.007/1.311±0.0060.813±0.0790.229±0.0090.197±0.0090.434±0.030.288±0.025/
F10+b821.224±0.0230.983±0.0051.068±0.0271.361±0.0090.775±0.073/0.213±0.0310.364±0.0460.315±0.0430.477±0.019
F10+b1121.271±0.0370.910±0.071.071±0.0111.347±0.010.831±0.059/0.128±0.0450.319±0.0320.302±0.0170.493±0.05
P7+B211.094±0.0071.048±0.012/1.104±0.0190.804±0.0770.237±0.0320.182±0.0090.413±0.0190.663±0.015/
P7+B221.132±0.0271.037±0.07/1.156±0.0050.878±0.0610.239±0.0230.196±0.0040.435±0.0050.279±0.025/
P7+b821.254±0.0280.970±0.0070.798±0.0081.185±0.0690.821±0.071/0.180±0.0180.423±0.0110.255±0.0270.426±0.038
P7+b1121.216±0.0311.014±0.0580.686±0.0181.273±0.0530.764±0.083/0.205±0.0200.388±0.0020.272±0.0530.497±0.049
P11+B221.307±0.0291.115±0.073/1.430±0.0130.963±0.0860.409±0.0150.640±0.050.563±0.0080.290±0.022/
P11+b821.033±0.0111.211±0.0831.084±0.0791.304±0.0040.903±0.064/0.513±0.0120.467±0.0460.180±0.0280.638±0.049
P11+b1121.232±0.0221.104±0.0461.153±0.0561.357±0.020.955±0.095/0.581±0.0110.505±0.0700.177±0.0220.642±0.006
R11+B221.233±0.0261.060±0.0150.839±0.0331.262±0.0150.682±0.0790.298±0.0020.244±0.010.552±0.0320.404±0.028/
R11+b821.192±0.0040.746±0.072/1.290±0.0240.706±0.066/0.328±0.010.485±0.0030.219±0.0320.470±0.097
R11+b1121.214±0.010.945±0.059/1.307±0.0590.779±0.072/0.237±0.0280.469±0.0040.274±0.0160.532±0.068
R19+B221.262±0.0220.994±0.0970.869±0.0271.453±0.050.790±0.0720.298±0.0040.240±0.0220.368±0.0220.289±0.019/
R19+b821.268±0.0130.867±0.014/1.339±0.0040.635±0.084/0.282±0.0390.371±0.0270.318±0.0380.478±0.083
R19+b1121.275±0.0280.935±0.099/1.314±0.0120.835±0.065/0.161±0.0370.341±0.0320.277±0.0310.459±0.063
), ArticleFig(id=1320166067339637479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Measurement of biofilm formation capacity by strains in monoculture and coculture under different prebiotic media

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株GluGOSFOSD-TrehaloseIMOInulinXOSRSPectinMucin
F70.254±0.0290.169±0.0240.153±0.0140.133±0.0080.271±0.015/0.146±0.020.131±0.0060.132±0.0030.177±0.01
F100.239±0.0270.291±0.0390.166±0.0070.160±0.0070.318±0.031/0.143±0.0180.131±0.0050.128±0.0060.208±0.023
P70.231±0.010.376±0.0190.176±0.0110.190±0.010.268±0.028/0.232±0.0410.166±0.0050.14±0.0080.140±0.008
P110.231±0.0030.258±0.040.171±0.0090.161±0.0110.245±0.022/0.141±0.020.131±0.0040.145±0.0060.145±0.006
R110.195±0.0140.310±0.02/0.282±0.0130.277±0.014/0.146±0.0160.181±0.0080.144±0.0120.202±0.004
R190.214±0.0250.209±0.005/0.224±0.010.330±0.016/0.145±0.020.177±0.0130.162±0.0190.190±0.014
B210.163±0.0160.203±0.0040.207±0.040.157±0.0080.282±0.0170.163±0.0010.123±0.0020.116±0.0040.163±0.015/
B220.164±0.0140.217±0.0120.149±0.010.180±0.0180.226±0.0240.162±0.0020.127±0.0020.116±0.0060.143±0.003/
b820.178±0.0070.161±0.012/0.155±0.0270.178±0.01/0.128±0.0040.132±0.0020.145±0.0050.263±0.026
b1120.174±0.0150.195±0.006/0.151±0.0080.199±0.007/0.126±0.0030.126±0.0060.139±0.0070.276±0.015
F7+B210.200±0.0130.405±0.041/0.176±0.0050.462±0.0220.158±0.0090.179±0.0110.138±0.0120.158±0.006/
F7+B220.199±0.0060.143±0.029/0.160±0.003b0.474±0.0190.172±0.0090.281±0.010.154±0.0020.185±0.017/
F7+b820.198±0.0170.236±0.0220.261±0.0290.269±0.0340.157±0.054/0.207±0.0060.149±0.0220.131±0.0030.292±0.004
F7+b1120.190±0.0140.162±0.0460.243±0.0050.129±0.0020.240±0.031/0.348±0.0460.156±0.0330.141±0.0030.285±0.023
F10+B210.171±0.0240.344±0.035/0.243±0.0260.472±0.0340.175±0.0130.165±0.010.127±0.0030.146±0.006/
F10+B220.206±0.0120.311±0.064/0.221±0.0430.195±0.0350.173±0.0050.195±0.0110.249±0.0220.171±0.002/
F10+b820.203±0.0120.267±0.0680.144±0.0020.219±0.0570.307±0.031/0.207±0.0020.131±0.0010.137±0.0090.295±0.023
F10+b1120.210±0.0070.248±0.060.177±0.0040.276±0.0380.247±0.048/0.206±0.0060.18±0.0040.159±0.0040.253±0.018
P7+B210.173±0.0070.491±0.033/0.187±0.0070.406±0.0560.190±0.0010.240±0.04b0.134±0.0020.140±0.003/
P7+B220.173±0.0070.491±0.033/0.454±0.0290.244±0.0750.234±0.0040.336±0.0150.156±0.0070.139±0.008/
P7+b820.202±0.0130.320±0.0430.243±0.0070.318±0.0290.291±0.029/0.306±0.0570.137±0.0110.136±0.0090.358±0.031
P7+b1120.195±0.0210.257±0.0120.234±0.0310.338±0.0450.437±0.04/0.311±0.0490.152±0.0170.132±0.0030.350±0.026
P11+B220.158±0.0350.236±0.038/0.217±0.0450.300±0.0780.174±0.010.174±0.0020.151±0.0170.202±0.009/
P11+b820.192±0.0210.219±0.0360.361±0.0040.239±0.0280.264±0.029/0.208±0.0020.185±0.0230.150±0.0080.332±0.024
P11+b1120.186±0.0210.209±0.0260.327±0.0660.228±0.030.241±0.057/0.243±0.0210.193±0.0260.159±0.0170.308±0.016
R11+B220.186±0.0090.339±0.0240.354±0.0220.266±0.0070.446±0.0770.183±0.0160.196±0.0050.163±0.0030.249±0.026/
R11+b820.238±0.0120.303±0.054/0.217±0.0260.363±0.072/0.168±0.0060.146±0.0160.288±0.010.276±0.015
R11+b1120.218±0.0080.265±0.056/0.390±0.010.419±0.061/0.203±0.0110.187±0.0030.272±0.0090.303±0.025
R19+B220.187±0.0110.265±0.0370.371±0.0240.357±0.0610.456±0.0380.174±0.0060.155±0.0070.173±0.0060.219±0.009/
R19+b820.234±0.0070.198±0.012/0.407±0.0310.326±0.028/0.190±0.0120.159±0.0190.194±0.010.246±0.034
R19+b1120.226±0.0090.224±0.061/0.402±0.0310.477±0.036/0.195±0.0060.144±0.0070.258±0.0530.210±0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1320166069013164776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同益生元培养基中单独及共培养菌株生物膜形成能力的测定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌株GluGOSFOSD-TrehaloseIMOInulinXOSRSPectinMucin
F70.254±0.0290.169±0.0240.153±0.0140.133±0.0080.271±0.015/0.146±0.020.131±0.0060.132±0.0030.177±0.01
F100.239±0.0270.291±0.0390.166±0.0070.160±0.0070.318±0.031/0.143±0.0180.131±0.0050.128±0.0060.208±0.023
P70.231±0.010.376±0.0190.176±0.0110.190±0.010.268±0.028/0.232±0.0410.166±0.0050.14±0.0080.140±0.008
P110.231±0.0030.258±0.040.171±0.0090.161±0.0110.245±0.022/0.141±0.020.131±0.0040.145±0.0060.145±0.006
R110.195±0.0140.310±0.02/0.282±0.0130.277±0.014/0.146±0.0160.181±0.0080.144±0.0120.202±0.004
R190.214±0.0250.209±0.005/0.224±0.010.330±0.016/0.145±0.020.177±0.0130.162±0.0190.190±0.014
B210.163±0.0160.203±0.0040.207±0.040.157±0.0080.282±0.0170.163±0.0010.123±0.0020.116±0.0040.163±0.015/
B220.164±0.0140.217±0.0120.149±0.010.180±0.0180.226±0.0240.162±0.0020.127±0.0020.116±0.0060.143±0.003/
b820.178±0.0070.161±0.012/0.155±0.0270.178±0.01/0.128±0.0040.132±0.0020.145±0.0050.263±0.026
b1120.174±0.0150.195±0.006/0.151±0.0080.199±0.007/0.126±0.0030.126±0.0060.139±0.0070.276±0.015
F7+B210.200±0.0130.405±0.041/0.176±0.0050.462±0.0220.158±0.0090.179±0.0110.138±0.0120.158±0.006/
F7+B220.199±0.0060.143±0.029/0.160±0.003b0.474±0.0190.172±0.0090.281±0.010.154±0.0020.185±0.017/
F7+b820.198±0.0170.236±0.0220.261±0.0290.269±0.0340.157±0.054/0.207±0.0060.149±0.0220.131±0.0030.292±0.004
F7+b1120.190±0.0140.162±0.0460.243±0.0050.129±0.0020.240±0.031/0.348±0.0460.156±0.0330.141±0.0030.285±0.023
F10+B210.171±0.0240.344±0.035/0.243±0.0260.472±0.0340.175±0.0130.165±0.010.127±0.0030.146±0.006/
F10+B220.206±0.0120.311±0.064/0.221±0.0430.195±0.0350.173±0.0050.195±0.0110.249±0.0220.171±0.002/
F10+b820.203±0.0120.267±0.0680.144±0.0020.219±0.0570.307±0.031/0.207±0.0020.131±0.0010.137±0.0090.295±0.023
F10+b1120.210±0.0070.248±0.060.177±0.0040.276±0.0380.247±0.048/0.206±0.0060.18±0.0040.159±0.0040.253±0.018
P7+B210.173±0.0070.491±0.033/0.187±0.0070.406±0.0560.190±0.0010.240±0.04b0.134±0.0020.140±0.003/
P7+B220.173±0.0070.491±0.033/0.454±0.0290.244±0.0750.234±0.0040.336±0.0150.156±0.0070.139±0.008/
P7+b820.202±0.0130.320±0.0430.243±0.0070.318±0.0290.291±0.029/0.306±0.0570.137±0.0110.136±0.0090.358±0.031
P7+b1120.195±0.0210.257±0.0120.234±0.0310.338±0.0450.437±0.04/0.311±0.0490.152±0.0170.132±0.0030.350±0.026
P11+B220.158±0.0350.236±0.038/0.217±0.0450.300±0.0780.174±0.010.174±0.0020.151±0.0170.202±0.009/
P11+b820.192±0.0210.219±0.0360.361±0.0040.239±0.0280.264±0.029/0.208±0.0020.185±0.0230.150±0.0080.332±0.024
P11+b1120.186±0.0210.209±0.0260.327±0.0660.228±0.030.241±0.057/0.243±0.0210.193±0.0260.159±0.0170.308±0.016
R11+B220.186±0.0090.339±0.0240.354±0.0220.266±0.0070.446±0.0770.183±0.0160.196±0.0050.163±0.0030.249±0.026/
R11+b820.238±0.0120.303±0.054/0.217±0.0260.363±0.072/0.168±0.0060.146±0.0160.288±0.010.276±0.015
R11+b1120.218±0.0080.265±0.056/0.390±0.010.419±0.061/0.203±0.0110.187±0.0030.272±0.0090.303±0.025
R19+B220.187±0.0110.265±0.0370.371±0.0240.357±0.0610.456±0.0380.174±0.0060.155±0.0070.173±0.0060.219±0.009/
R19+b820.234±0.0070.198±0.012/0.407±0.0310.326±0.028/0.190±0.0120.159±0.0190.194±0.010.246±0.034
R19+b1120.226±0.0090.224±0.061/0.402±0.0310.477±0.036/0.195±0.0060.144±0.0070.258±0.0530.210±0.009
), ArticleFig(id=1320166069113828073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Particle size, viable bacteria count and embedding rate of composite probiotic microcapsules

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微胶囊粒径(mm)活菌数(lg CFU/g)包埋率(%)
单层微胶囊(MC1)2.29±0.02c9.71±0.02c93.07±0.08c
双层微胶囊(MC2)2.43±0.02ab9.58±0.06d91.87±0.68d
生物膜样单层微胶囊(MC3)2.39±0.02b10.03±0.03a96.1±0.14a
生物膜样双层微胶囊(MC4)2.45±0.01a9.92±0.03b95.13±0.33b
), ArticleFig(id=1320166069180936938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

复合益生菌微胶囊的粒径、活菌数以及包埋率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微胶囊粒径(mm)活菌数(lg CFU/g)包埋率(%)
单层微胶囊(MC1)2.29±0.02c9.71±0.02c93.07±0.08c
双层微胶囊(MC2)2.43±0.02ab9.58±0.06d91.87±0.68d
生物膜样单层微胶囊(MC3)2.39±0.02b10.03±0.03a96.1±0.14a
生物膜样双层微胶囊(MC4)2.45±0.01a9.92±0.03b95.13±0.33b
), ArticleFig(id=1320166069273211627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Survival rate of bacterial strains in lyophilized composite probiotic microcapsules after sequential exposure to simulated gastrointestinal fluids

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菌株模拟胃液耐受性模拟肠液耐受性
MC1MC2MC3MC4MC1MC2MC3MC4
F772.78±0.56c79.79±0.42b83.66±0.58ab85.21±0.13a50.82±0.42c65.47±0.11b71.18±0.09ab75.53±0.54a
B2270.82±0.25c76.00±0.14b80.26±0.32ab85.32±0.45a47.75±0.17d63.24±0.12c69.94±0.28b73.68±0.57a
), ArticleFig(id=1320166069357097708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166057562714754, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

冻干复合益生菌微胶囊在连续模拟胃肠液中处理后的菌株存活率

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菌株模拟胃液耐受性模拟肠液耐受性
MC1MC2MC3MC4MC1MC2MC3MC4
F772.78±0.56c79.79±0.42b83.66±0.58ab85.21±0.13a50.82±0.42c65.47±0.11b71.18±0.09ab75.53±0.54a
B2270.82±0.25c76.00±0.14b80.26±0.32ab85.32±0.45a47.75±0.17d63.24±0.12c69.94±0.28b73.68±0.57a
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基于生物膜培育的复合益生菌微胶囊的制备及特性分析
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魏小晶 1, 2 , 安美玲 2, 3 , 李雪瑞 1 , 罗晓红 2, 3 , 张瑞瑞 4 , 倪永清 1, 2, 4, * , 孙海龙 1, 2, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(14): 144-154
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (14) : 144 -154
基于生物膜培育的复合益生菌微胶囊的制备及特性分析
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2兵团乳制品产业创新研究院,新疆天润生物科技股份有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000, bio={"content":"

魏小晶(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:

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魏小晶(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:

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魏小晶1, 2 , 安美玲2, 3, 李雪瑞1, 罗晓红2, 3, 张瑞瑞4, 倪永清1, 2, 4, * , 孙海龙1, 2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1石河子大学食品学院,新疆石河子 832003
  • 2兵团乳制品产业创新研究院,新疆天润生物科技股份有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 3新疆天润唐王城乳品有限公司,新疆图木舒克 843999
  • 4兵团特色乳加工技术创新中心,新疆石河子花园乳业有限公司,新疆石河子 832003
通讯作者:
倪永清(1969−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:。
孙海龙(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

魏小晶(1992−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:

Preparation and Characterization of Composite Probiotic Microcapsules Based on Biofilm Cultivation
Xiaojing WEI1, 2 , Meiling AN2, 3, Xuerui LI1, Xiaohong LUO2, 3, Ruirui ZHANG4, Yongqing NI1, 2, 4, * , Hailong SUN1, 2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
  • 2Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Dairy Industry Innovation Research Institute, Xinjiang Tianrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China
  • 3Xinjiang Tianrun Tangwangcheng Dairy Co., Ltd., Tumushuke 843999, China
  • 4Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Specialty Dairy Processing Technology Innovation Center, Xinjiang Shihezi Huayuan Dairy Co., Ltd., Shihezi 832003, China
出版时间: 2026-07-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050290
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为了将益生菌的天然生物膜与微胶囊技术进行协同整合,以构筑一种协同增效的新型益生菌保护策略。本研究从不同益生元培养基中筛选生长量及生物膜形成能力最优的菌株组合,并分别制备复合益生菌单层、双层、生物膜样单层及生物膜样双层微胶囊,探究冻干后复合益生菌微胶囊在模拟胃肠液及低温贮藏等胁迫条件下对益生菌的保护作用。结果表明,以1:1接种的发酵乳杆菌F7和长双歧杆菌B22在1.5% IMO的培养基中共同培养时其生长量及生物膜形成能力最佳。四种微胶囊粒径范围均为2.29~2.45 mm,活菌数介于9.58~10.03 lg CFU/g,经胁迫实验发现生物膜样双层微胶囊对复合菌的保护性能最优,在冷冻干燥过程中此类微胶囊菌株存活率高于93%。在−18 ℃和4 ℃保存7周后,生物膜样双层微胶囊内活菌数量仍可维持在108 CFU/g以上。本研究为冻干生物膜样复合益生菌微胶囊的开发奠定了基础,同时也为益生菌在胁迫环境中提供了有效保护措施。

生物膜  /  复合益生菌  /  微胶囊  /  冻干  /  生物膜样双层微胶囊

In order to integrate the natural biofilm of probiotics with microencapsulation technology in a synergistic manner, so as to construct a novel and synergistic probiotic protection strategy. This study aimed to select the optimal combination of bacterial strains from various prebiotic culture media based on their growth rate and ability to form biofilms. The selected strains were then used to prepare single-layer, double-layer, biofilm-like single-layer, and biofilm-like double-layer microcapsules. The protective effects of the freeze-dried microcapsules containing the selected strains on the viability of the probiotics under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and conditions of low temperature storage were investigated. The results showed that the highest growth and biofilm formation was achieved when Lactobacillus fermentum F7 and Bifidobacterium longum B22 were co-cultured in a medium containing 1.5% IMO at a 1:1 inoculation ratio. The particle size was determined to be in the range 2.29~2.45 mm for all four microcapsule types, and viable counts were recorded between 9.58~10.03 lg CFU/g. Stress tests showed that the biofilm-like bilayer microcapsules provided the strongest protection against the compound bacteria, with a survival rate of more than 93% after freeze-drying. Even after storage at −18 ℃ and 4 ℃ for 7 weeks, the viable counts were maintained above 108 CFU/g in the biofilm-like bilayer microcapsules. This study lays the foundation for the development of freeze-dried biofilm-like composite probiotic microcapsules and suggests an effective protective strategy for probiotics under stressful conditions.

biofilm  /  compound probiotics  /  microcapsule  /  freeze-drying  /  biofilm like double-layer microcapsules
魏小晶, 安美玲, 李雪瑞, 罗晓红, 张瑞瑞, 倪永清, 孙海龙. 基于生物膜培育的复合益生菌微胶囊的制备及特性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (14) : 144 -154 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050290
Xiaojing WEI, Meiling AN, Xuerui LI, Xiaohong LUO, Ruirui ZHANG, Yongqing NI, Hailong SUN. Preparation and Characterization of Composite Probiotic Microcapsules Based on Biofilm Cultivation[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (14) : 144 -154 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050290
细菌生物膜是指细菌生长繁殖过程中附着在其表面并由自身产生的胞外聚合物(如蛋白质、eDNA、脂质及多糖等)包裹形成的一种具有特定结构和功能的微生物聚集体[1−3]。目前,生物膜的研究大多集中在致病菌生物膜的防治和清除中[4]。然而,在有益微生物中,乳酸菌生物膜同样具有重要的研究价值。但由于活检取样受限及生物膜保存困难,目前对乳酸菌生物膜的研究仍鲜有报道[5]。然而,益生菌生物膜广泛存在于发酵食品和肠道中,生物膜的形成可促使益生菌菌体结构更加稳定,显著提高菌体抗逆性,有助于促进其在宿主粘膜中的长期持久和稳定性,且能防止病原菌的定殖,同时可以增强益生菌对温度变化、渗透压变化、胃酸、胆汁及抗生素等外界不利因素的影响[6]。
双歧杆菌和乳杆菌是目前研究最为广泛的益生菌,对人体产生诸多健康益处,包括调节人体肠道菌群平衡、改善胃肠道健康、确保消化系统正常运转、提高免疫力等[7−8]。生物膜的形成使益生菌能更好地粘附于人体胃肠道,并提高其对胃酸和胆盐等不良环境的耐受性,进而有效发挥益生作用[9−10]。低聚糖及植物多糖等益生元是肠道菌群的主要能量来源,在菌株共培养时,可降解多糖的菌株通过降解不可消化的低聚糖为单糖或二糖以供其他降解多糖能力较差的菌株利用,而后者产生的短链脂肪酸等物质又可促进前者的生长[11−12]。研究表明,多菌株混合培养不仅促进不同物种间的相互竞争或代谢合作,还会促进生物膜形成量的增加,增强其抗逆性[13]。益生菌微囊化被证实是提高益生菌存活率的有效方法之一,通过天然高分子材料包埋益生菌等微粒,阻隔不利环境对益生菌活性的侵害[14−15]。除了微囊化可以抵抗外部压力来提高益生菌的存活率外,增强生物体的内在应激耐受性同样可以提高益生菌的存活率。益生菌生物膜的形成是提高其内在应激耐受性的可行方法。大量研究证实部分益生菌在非生物表面具有形成生物膜的能力,且生物膜状态的细菌在热应力、冷冻干燥和胃肠消化时比游离细胞具有更高的存活能力[9,16−17]。因此,探究益生菌微囊化与益生菌生物膜相结合进而提高益生菌存活率的方法十分必要。
为了解决益生菌在食品及胃肠道活性较低的问题,微胶囊技术是目前研究中保护益生菌活性的有效方法。探究冻干胶囊的稳定性及耐受性,为开发保护效果更好的益生菌微胶囊产品提供思路和依据。本研究在不同益生元培养基中共培养乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属,通过测定共培养菌株生长量和生物膜形成量,筛选到共生且形成生物膜较强的菌株组合发酵乳杆菌F7和长双歧杆菌B22,对菌株组合进行共包埋,通过原位培养的方法使微囊化的菌株在单层微胶囊内生成生物膜,再利用壳聚糖进行二次包封,形成生物膜样双层微胶囊,并探究生物膜样微胶囊与非生物膜样微胶囊在冷冻干燥、模拟胃肠液及低温贮藏等不良条件下对益生菌的保护作用。通过将微胶囊与生物膜培养方法的结合来提高益生菌在不利环境中的耐受性和稳定性,为益生菌产品的开发和应用奠定理论基础。
发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium(F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F7、F8、F10、F17、F25)、植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum(P1、P2、P3、P4、P5、P7、P10、P11、P12)、鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus rhamnosus(R9、R10、R11、R12、R16、R18、R19、R20、R54)、长双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium longum(B11、B20、B21、B22、B29、B40、B79、B80、B94)、两歧双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum(b19、b23、b46、b58、b59、b82、b108、b109、b112) 保藏于石河子大学食品微生物与生物技术研究中心;胃蛋白酶(3000 U/g)、胰蛋白酶(50000 U/g)、MRS培养基、结晶紫 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;海藻酸钠(纯度≥98.0%)、黄原胶、角豆胶、结冷胶(纯度≥90%)、氯化钙 北京博奥拓达科技有限公司;低聚果糖(FOS)、低聚木糖(XOS)、低聚半乳糖(GOS)、低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)、抗性淀粉(RS)、黏蛋白(Mucin)、D-海藻糖(D-Trehalose)、菊粉(Inulin)、果胶(Pectin) 纯度均≥90%,上海源叶生物技术有限公司。
DG520厌氧培养箱 英国DWS;Leica M 16 SC体式显微镜 Leica Microsystems,U.K;X7酶标仪 美国BioTek有限公司;SU8010场发射扫描电子显微镜 日立公司;YXQ-S立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅 上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;5810R冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf仪器公司;SW-CJ-1 BU超净工作台 上海沪净医疗器械有限公司。
将保藏的菌株取出,在MRS固体培养基上划线,挑选单菌落于液体MRS培养基中37 ℃厌氧培养24 h,将菌悬液以4000 r/min离心10 min后收集菌体,用灭菌生理盐水离心洗涤3次后,重悬菌体,将菌悬液浓度调整一致(OD600 nm值为0.8±0.05)待用。以2%接种量接于液体MRS培养基中,置于37 ℃厌氧培养箱中,每隔6 h测定菌液OD600 nm值;首先取预培养的生物膜样品经结晶紫染色、乙醇脱色后,在400~700 nm范围内进行全波长扫描,结果显示脱色液在590 nm处呈现最大吸收峰,因此确定590 nm为最佳检测波长;参考钟华晨等[2]的方法,通过结晶紫染色法测定不同培养时间菌株的生物膜形成量(测定菌株OD590 nm值),即将菌悬液接种于MRS培养基中,混匀后加入无菌96孔细胞培养板,37 ℃厌氧静置培养至24、36和48 h,吸出上层发酵液,用PBS缓冲液洗涤细胞培养板3次。待培养板自然晾干后,加入200 μL 10%(v/v)的甲醇溶液固定细胞10 min,弃甲醇溶液;待培养板再次晾干后加入1%(w/v)结晶紫溶液染色30 min,弃染液,用无菌水洗涤细胞培养板3次;待板晾干后加入95%乙醇溶液脱色20 min,测定各实验菌株样品的吸光值。以不加菌的MRS培养基为空白对照,以吸光值反映菌株生物膜形成能力的强弱,吸光值大于空白对照时表示该菌株具有生物膜形成能力,吸光值小于等于空白对照时则表示该菌株无生物膜形成能力。
将FOS、XOS、GOS、IMO、RS、Mucin、D-Trehalose、Inulin、Pectin按1%(w/v)的比例分别添加至不含葡萄糖的MRS培养基中,115 ℃高压灭菌20 min。选择具有生物膜形成能力的菌株制备菌悬液(Lactobacillus fermentium中F7和F10,Lactobacillus plantarum中P7和P11,Lactobacillus rhamnosus中R11和R19,Bifidobacteriumlongum中B21和B22及Bifidobacterium bifidum中b82和b112),以1:1的接菌比例按2%接种量接种于不同益生元培养基中,混匀后以每孔200 μL加入96孔细胞培养板中,于37 ℃厌氧静置培养后,测定各菌液OD600 nm值。以添加葡萄糖的MRS培养基作为阳性对照,不添加碳源的MRS培养基为阴性对照。采用结晶紫染色法测定不同益生元培养基中菌株的生物膜形成能力,测定菌株OD590 nm值,实验重复3次取平均值。
将菌株活化并调节菌悬液OD600 nm值为0.6±0.05,将筛选得到的菌株F7和B22按2%的总接菌量以0:2、0.5:1.5、1:1、1.5:0.5、2:0的比例接入含IMO的培养基中,37 ℃厌氧培养36 h后测定生长量及其生物膜的形成量,确定最佳接菌比例。
改变培养基中IMO添加量分别为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2%、2.5%。测定菌株F7和B22在不同IMO含量的培养基中的菌浓度及生物膜形成量,确定益生元的最佳添加量。
参考夏晓风[18]的方法,向6孔板的待测菌孔和空白对照孔中各放入1片盖玻片,每孔加5 mL含益生元的MRS培养基;以2%的接菌量分别接种两种单菌及复合菌株,37 ℃静置培养36 h后,取出盖玻片,用灭菌的PBS多次冲洗以去除表面浮游细菌,室温干燥,用1%结晶紫染色15 min,蒸馏水冲洗1~2 min至液体为无色,室温干燥后,置于倒置荧光显微镜下观察。
将生物膜静置培养结束后,取出盖玻片,用灭菌PBS多次冲洗以去除表面浮游细菌,−40 ℃预冻后,真空冷冻干燥机进行冻干。利用导电胶将样品固定在样品台上,进行喷金处理后,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜进行形态观察。
壁材溶液:将0.5 g角豆胶、2 g海藻酸钠、0.5 g果胶溶于100 mL蒸馏水中,115 ℃灭菌20 min。
壳聚糖溶液:将0.4 g壳聚糖溶解于90 mL蒸馏水中,加入400 μL冰乙酸,用NaOH溶液调节pH为5.5,最后将溶液定容至100 mL,115 ℃灭菌20 min。
将菌悬液与壁材溶液按1:5.5的比例均匀混合,注入无菌注射器中,通过0.45 mm的无菌针头匀速滴入缓慢搅拌的2% CaCl2溶液中,针头离液面高度约5 cm,滴速约2 mL/min,搅拌交联30 min。用无菌蒸馏水洗涤三次,筛网过滤,得到单层微胶囊(MC1)。将单层微胶囊加入缓慢搅拌的壳聚糖溶液中,收集微胶囊,用无菌生理盐水洗涤微胶囊2~3次,筛网过滤,得到双层微胶囊(MC2)。将得到的单层微胶囊加入含2% CaCl2的低聚异麦芽糖培养基,37 ℃下厌氧培养24 h后得到生物膜样单层微胶囊(MC3),将生物膜样单层微胶囊加入缓慢搅拌的壳聚糖溶液处理后,收集微胶囊,用无菌生理盐水洗涤微胶囊2~3次,筛网过滤,得到生物膜样双层微胶囊(MC4)。
配制3%(w/v)的柠檬酸钠溶液,115 ℃灭菌20 min后作为解囊液。取1 g微胶囊加入9 mL解囊液中,37 ℃下均质化处理15~20 min,待微胶囊完全裂解后,对溶液进行梯度稀释,利用选择性固体培养基对微胶囊中两种菌分别进行涂布计数,微胶囊包埋率计算公式如下[19]:
$ \text{EE}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{N}}{{\mathrm{N}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,EE代表包埋率(%);N代表从微胶囊中释放出的活菌数(lg CFU/g);N0代表包埋前游离菌的活菌数(lg CFU/g)。
利用导电胶将样品固定于扫描电子显微镜样品台上,喷金处理后用场发射扫描电镜观察其形态。
将复合益生菌微胶囊与冻干保护剂(2%甘油和10%海藻糖)按1:2.5于无菌西林瓶中混合[20],−80 ℃条件下预冻12 h,取出置于真空冷冻干燥机中进行冷冻干燥30 h,干燥真空度为0 MPa。将冻干后的微胶囊利用无菌生理盐水复水后进行活菌计数。存活率计算公式如下[21]:
$ \text{SR}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{N}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{N}}_{2}}\times 100 $
式中,SR代表菌株存活率(%);N1代表经过特定条件(如冷冻干燥、热处理、模拟胃肠液消化后)的活菌数(lg CFU/g);N2代表处理前游离菌的活菌数(lg CFU/mL)。
将冻干后的微胶囊加入已预热至37 ℃的无菌生理盐水中,50 ℃水浴10 min。将热处理过的微胶囊进行复水后进行活菌计数。
将0.1 g冻干后的微胶囊加入1 mL已预热至37 ℃的无菌模拟胃液(pH2.5)中,检测模拟消化液pH波动≤±0.2[22]。并在37 ℃下恒温振荡模拟消化反应,分别在30、60、90和120 min取样,120 min后弃胃液,收集微胶囊重悬于已预热至37 ℃的无菌模拟肠液(pH7.4)中,并在150、180、210和240 min取样计数。
模拟冷冻、冷藏及室温条件,将冻干后的游离菌与微胶囊置于−18、4和25 ℃温度条件下,每隔7 d进行活菌计数。
结果使用平均值±标准差表示。通过SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),采用Duncan检验(P<0.05)对样本间均值进行显著性分析,利用Origin Pro软件绘制图表。
益生菌的生长时间与营养条件、菌株本身的遗传和代谢特性等有关[23]。本实验测定各菌株在培养过程中的菌悬液OD600 nm值,以反映菌株在培养过程中的生长情况,结果如图1所示。发酵乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌三种乳杆菌在培养6~12 h之间生长速度最快,培养24 h后各菌株的菌体密度趋于稳定;与乳杆菌相比,长双歧杆菌以及两歧双歧杆菌的生长速度均较慢,在培养24 h时仍处于对数生长期,菌体密度均较低,36 h时菌体密度接近或达到最高,但进入平稳生长期的双歧杆菌菌体密度依然低于绝大多数的乳杆菌。这与前人研究的结果相似,袁先铃等[24]发现,植物乳杆菌在8 h后进入对数期,20 h后进入稳定期,类干酪乳杆菌在8 h后进入对数期,24 h后进入稳定期。丁伯乐等[25]发现青春双歧杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌的OD600 nm值均在30 h达到最大值;辛跃强等[26]研究发现,长双歧杆菌在28 h达到稳定期。双歧杆菌到达生长稳定期的时间晚于乳杆菌,这可能是由于两种菌的代谢特性不同,且双歧杆菌对生长条件的要求更为苛刻的原因。
生物膜的形成是一个动态的过程,可分为浮游菌初始黏附、不可逆黏附、生物膜生长、生物膜成熟和生物膜分散五个阶段[27]。从每类菌株中挑选一株测定生物膜生成时的波长范围,如图2A所示,通过吸收光谱扫描,确定在以结晶紫法测定生物膜形成量时,最大吸收波长为590 nm。在该波长下,分别测定培养24、36和48 h后菌株的生物膜形成能力。如图2B~图2F所示,不同种益生菌生物膜形成能力具有菌株特异性,其中具有生物膜形成能力的发酵乳杆菌有7株,植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌各8株,长双歧杆菌有7株,两歧双歧杆菌6株。发酵乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌三种乳杆菌均在培养24 h后生物膜形成能力最强,随着培养时间的延长,生物膜形成量下降;而双歧杆菌培养36 h的生物膜形成量高于培养24和48 h。乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的生物膜形成量超过一定时间后随着培养时间延长而降低的原因可能是生物膜达到成熟期后开始逐渐脱落,进入了分散阶段[28]。综合考虑试验菌株在不同培养时间下的生长与生物膜形成情况,选择以36 h作为后续研究中菌株共培养的时间。
从图2B~图2F中选择生物膜生成能力较强菌株:Lactobacillus fermentium中F7和F10,Lactobacillus plantarum中P7和P11,Lactobacillus rhamnosus中R11和R19,Bifidobacterium longum中B21和B22及Bifidobacterium bifidum中b82和b112。将10株益生菌置于不同益生元的培养基中,通过对比复合菌株菌悬液与各单独菌株培养时的OD600 nm值发现,乳杆菌与双歧杆菌在不同益生元培养基中共培养时的菌体密度高于单菌培养。由表1可知,所有菌株在Glu、GOS、D-Trehalose和IMO培养基中生长能力良好,而在XOS、RS、Pectin培养基中生长能力较差,FOS、Inulin和Mucin培养基中仅个别菌株生长。发酵乳杆菌F7与长双歧杆菌B22在不同益生元共培养时的生长量均明显高于单独培养,尤其是在IMO培养基中的明显高于其他菌株组合。IMO的主要成分为葡萄糖分子间以α-1,6糖苷键结合的异麦芽糖、潘糖、异麦芽三糖以及聚合度高达4和5的系列低聚糖。乳杆菌通过细胞内酶优先代谢短链低聚糖,前24 h仅代谢异麦芽糖,并在发酵后期代谢三糖和四糖;而双歧杆菌通过细胞外支链淀粉酶水解α-葡聚糖,并优先代谢低聚或多聚碳水化合物,在生长前24 h内代谢具有较高聚合度的寡糖并积累葡萄糖,24 h后部分消耗异麦芽糖和异麦芽三糖[29]。这种互补的代谢机制可能是实验结果中发酵乳杆菌与长双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌共培养时生长量提高的主要原因。
培养基的成分是影响菌株生物膜形成能力的重要因素之一,由于菌株的生长特性和代谢途径不同,益生菌在不同益生元培养基中的生物膜形成能力差异显著。孙亦心等[30]发现,添加低聚果糖可促进青春双歧杆菌的数量及生物膜的形成;Lebeer等[31]发现,在mTSB培养基中添加黏蛋白可显著增加鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG的生物膜形成量,且长链菊粉也可促进该菌株生物膜的形成;Piotrowski等[32]发现不同益生元的种类及添加量对拟杆菌的生物膜形成能力影响均不相同。如表2所示,本实验发现多个复合菌株组合在不同益生元培养基中共培养时表现出更高的生物膜的形成能力。多种菌的混合培养会促进不同物种间的相互竞争和合作代谢,进而促使生物膜的形成量增加,抗逆性增强[33]。尤其是在IMO培养基中,发酵乳杆菌F7与长双歧杆菌B22单独培养及共培养时形成的生物膜形成能力再次证明了共培养更有利于菌株生物膜的形成。
为了优化复合菌株的共培养体系,提高菌株的生长能力,本实验进一步分析了菌株F7和B22的最佳接菌比例及益生元IMO的最佳添加量。结果表明,当总接菌量为2%时,将两株菌等量接入培养基,其生长量及生物膜形成能力均最高,即发酵乳杆菌F7与长双歧杆菌B22共培养体系中最佳接菌比例为1:1(图3A)。不同IMO添加量下菌株的生长量及生物膜形成能力如图3B所示,IMO添加量为0.5%时,单独培养的长双歧杆菌B22的生长量为0.144±0.004,而与发酵乳杆菌F7共培养时OD600 nm为0.79±0.003。随着IMO含量的增加,菌株F7与B22生长量均逐渐增加,而菌株共培养时的生长量则变化不明显。当IMO添加量为1.5%时,共培养的菌株生长量与2%和2.5%时接近,而此时的生物膜形成量最高。因此,发酵乳杆菌F7与长双歧杆菌B22共培养体系中IMO的最佳添加量为1.5%。
进一步表征复合菌株共培养时生物膜的形成情况,利用光学显微镜(图像放大倍数为200倍)及场发射扫描电镜对B22和F7在IMO中单独培养及共培养时所形成的生物膜进行了观察。在光学显微镜下两株菌单独培养时所形成的结构较松散,一些菌体的形态依旧可见;而共培养时,菌体完全被其所分泌的胞外多糖包裹,生物膜结构明显较单独培养时更紧密(图4A~图4C)。扫描电镜结果(图4D~图4F)进一步证实了两株菌单独培养形成的生物膜在视野内呈网络状分布;而共培养时,生物膜中菌体紧密聚集并被胞外聚合物紧密包裹,形成连续厚层,并平铺整个视野。
复合益生菌微胶囊通过蛋白质、多糖等天然高分子物质包埋益生菌等微粒,以保护这些物质不受外界环境影响,并达到延缓或控制其释放速度来发挥益生功效[34]。本研究以角豆胶、海藻酸钠及果胶为壁材,对所筛选得到的高产生物膜的复合菌株F7和B22通过挤压法包埋,形成单层微胶囊(左)和双层微胶囊(右),其基本外观图如图5所示。采用原位培养法形成生物膜样微胶囊,最后利用壳聚糖进行复合包埋。通过对复合益生菌微胶囊的粒径、活菌数以及包埋率进行表征。结果如表3所示,四种微胶囊的平均粒径范围在2.29~2.45 mm,活菌数范围为9.58~10.03 lg CFU/g。原位培养使单位质量单层微胶囊内的活菌数增加,而双层包埋过程使微胶囊中的活菌数有所损失,包埋率降低,这可能与利用壳聚糖二次包埋时,部分菌体从微胶囊中逸散到了壳聚糖溶液里有关。
利用扫描电镜对冷冻干燥后的四种复合益生菌微胶囊进行观察,结果如图6所示。冻干后的微胶囊均表现出皱缩现象,其中未经壳聚糖涂层的单层微胶囊和生物膜样单层微胶囊皱缩现象严重,形状扁塌且不规则,这可能是壁材物质形成的凝胶在潮湿状态下会膨胀,冷冻干燥使其失水皱缩(图6A、图6E)。相比之下,有壳聚糖二次涂层的双层微胶囊其表面褶皱减少,形状更规则(图6C、图6G)。将微胶囊表面局部放大来看,未经壳聚糖涂膜的单层微胶囊和生物膜样单层微胶囊表面明显可见复合益生菌的杆状菌体形态。单层微胶囊中(图6B)被包裹的菌体均处于游离状态,而生物膜样微胶囊中(图6F)中可以观察到菌株生长聚集现象,这表明微胶囊中生物膜的形成。经过壳聚糖二次涂层的微胶囊表面菌体不如单层微胶囊清晰(图6D),而仍可观察到生物膜样双层微胶囊(图6H)中细菌聚集情况,这与目前已有的一些相关研究结果类似[35]。
益生菌在真空冷冻干燥过程中会受到干燥和冷冻作用的伤害,导致存活率降低[36]。复合益生菌微胶囊冷冻干燥后的存活率变化如图7A所示。四种微胶囊在冷冻干燥过程中有效提高了菌株的存活率。其中,生物膜样双层微胶囊菌株存活率最高,F7和B22的存活率分别为95.64%和93.74%,而游离菌中F7和B22的存活率最低。此外,冻干后的微胶囊在50 ℃热处理10 min后的菌株存活率如图7B所示,生物膜样双层微胶囊中菌株的存活率均显著(P<0.05)高于其他三种微胶囊。
将冻干后的微胶囊置于模拟胃液中进行消化反应,120 min后转移至模拟肠液中继续反应120 min。微胶囊中菌株存活率如表4所示,经240 min的模拟消化反应,冻干生物膜样双层微胶囊的菌株存活率均高于其他三种微胶囊。
分别测定游离菌和四种微胶囊在−18 ℃(模拟冷冻条件)、4 ℃(模拟冷藏环境)及25 ℃(模拟室温条件)下贮存的活菌数变化。结果如图8所示,在−18 ℃贮藏时,与游离菌相比,生物膜样单层微胶囊和生物膜样双层微胶囊中活菌数下降趋势均不明显,单层微胶囊中活菌数下降趋势明显,其中单层微胶囊中两菌株活菌数分别下降0.84和0.79 lg CFU/g,而其他三种微胶囊中的活菌数下降值均在0.6 lg CFU/g左右。在4 ℃贮藏时,未形成生物膜的两种微胶囊活菌数下降趋势明显,而生物膜样微胶囊的稳定性较−18 ℃贮藏时有所提高,活菌数下降值约为0.5 lg CFU/g,在−18 ℃和4 ℃保存49 d后,生物膜样双层微胶囊内活菌数量仍可维持在108 CFU/g以上。在25 ℃贮藏时,游离菌及四种微胶囊的活菌数均明显下降。游离菌活菌数下降值超过3 lg CFU/g。三种贮藏温度下,四种微胶囊均能有效提高菌株的存活能力,且壳聚糖二次涂层及原位培养形成生物膜都促使微胶囊的贮藏稳定性得到提高。
本研究通过培养法和结晶紫染色法,测定益生菌在不同益生元培养基中的菌株生长量和生物膜形成能力,确定并优化了发酵乳杆菌F7与长双歧杆菌B22组合在IMO中共培养时最佳接种比例为1:1,IMO的最佳添加量为1.5%。同时,以传统多糖物质为微胶囊壁材,采用挤压法和原位培养的方法,将F7和B22复合菌进行包埋制备四种不同类型的复合益生菌微胶囊,并探讨冻干后复合益生菌微胶囊的特性。冷冻干燥后,生物膜样双层微胶囊中菌株存活率仍达到93%以上,有效降低了冻干过程对菌株的伤害。冻干微胶囊的低温贮藏结果表明,在−18 ℃和4 ℃下贮藏49 d后,生物膜样微胶囊的活菌数仍可保持在108 CFU/g以上。生物膜的形成显著提高了微胶囊对菌株的保护作用,本研究为功能性益生菌微胶囊的进一步开发利用奠定了基础,并有利于冻干益生菌微胶囊化生产及其在食品工业中的应用。

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2026年第47卷第14期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050290
  • 接收时间:2025-05-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-07-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-28
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    1石河子大学食品学院,新疆石河子 832003
    2兵团乳制品产业创新研究院,新疆天润生物科技股份有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
    3新疆天润唐王城乳品有限公司,新疆图木舒克 843999
    4兵团特色乳加工技术创新中心,新疆石河子花园乳业有限公司,新疆石河子 832003

通讯作者:

倪永清(1969−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品微生物,E-mail:。
孙海龙(1989−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品微生物与生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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