Article(id=1320886512653283927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050244, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748188800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853485501, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853485501, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853485501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853485501, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=10, endPage=21, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886514117096024, articleId=1320886512653283927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimization of Different Extraction Processes and Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Dietary Fiber from Husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The single-factor experiments were combined with response surface methodology to optimize the extraction process of dietary fiber from husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, so as to achieve high-value utilization of woody oil processing by-products. Furthermore, the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) extracted through ultrasound-assisted alkaline (Alk) and enzymatic (E) methods were systematically compared. The results indicated that the optimal parameters for the ultrasound-assisted alkaline method were set as follows: Ultrasound temperature 61 ℃, ultrasound time 16 min, ultrasound power 210 W, and NaOH concentration 4.5%. For the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method, the optimal conditions were determined as enzyme addition 7.9%, ultrasound temperature 55 ℃, ultrasound power 210 W, pH6.7, and ultrasound time 30 min. Under these optimal conditions, the yields followed the order: E-IDF (63.71%±0.16%)>Alk-IDF (59.61%±0.16%)>Alk-SDF (13.17%±0.13%)>E-SDF (11.39%±0.14%). As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, E-SDF exhibited a typically loose and porous structure, while distinct wrinkles were observed on the surfaces of the other components. As confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, all four components possessed characteristic functional groups of dietary fiber. As demonstrated by functional property studies, Alk-IDF showed superior water-holding capacity (12.16±0.05 g/g) and oil-holding capacity (19.12±0.06 g/g), while E-SDF displayed the highest swelling capacity (4.98±0.10 mL/g). At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the reducing power (0.45±0.01) of E-SDF was higher than that of other components, whereas the free radical scavenging capacity (48.21%±1.02%) of Alk-SDF was the strongest. Overall, husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium dietary fiber possesses favorable physicochemical properties, which could provide a theoretical basis for its high-value utilization.

, authors=Chuan XIE, Liya YU, Yujia LIU, Xinyue YU, Qiaoli ZHANG, Qian LU, Huiling DUAN*, authorsList=Chuan XIE, Liya YU, Yujia LIU, Xinyue YU, Qiaoli ZHANG, Qian LU, Huiling DUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huiling DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886516126167659, articleId=1320886512653283927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=文冠果壳膳食纤维不同提取工艺优化及其理化性质比较, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为实现木本油料加工副产物的高值化利用,以文冠果壳为原料,通过单因素实验结合响应面试验优化膳食纤维提取工艺,系统比较超声辅助碱法(Alkaline,Alk)与酶法(Enzymatically,E)提取可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF)与不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble Dietary Fiber,IDF)的结构和功能特性。结果表明:超声辅助碱法最佳工艺条件为超声温度61 ℃、超声时间16 min、超声功率210 W、NaOH浓度4.5%;超声辅助酶法最佳工艺为酶添加量7.9%、超声温度55 ℃、超声功率210 W、pH6.7、超声时间30 min。在此条件下,得率E-IDF(63.71%±0.16%)>Alk-IDF(59.61%±0.16%)>Alk-SDF(13.17%±0.13%)>E-SDF(11.39%±0.14%)。扫描电镜显示E-SDF呈现典型疏松多孔结构,其余组分表面均存在明显褶皱;光谱分析证实四种组分均具有典型膳食纤维特征官能团。功能特性研究表明,Alk-IDF持水力(12.16±0.05 g/g)与持油力(19.12±0.06 g/g)最佳,E-SDF的膨胀力最高,达4.98±0.10 mL/g;在1 mg/mL浓度下,E-SDF还原力优于其他组分,为0.45±0.01,而Alk-SDF则表现出最强的自由基清除能力,为48.21%±1.02%。研究结果显示文冠果壳膳食纤维具有良好的理化性质,可为文冠果壳的高值化利用提供一定理论依据。

, authors=谢川, 于丽亚, 刘宇嘉, 于鑫越, 张俏丽, 卢倩, 段慧玲*, authorsList=谢川, 于丽亚, 刘宇嘉, 于鑫越, 张俏丽, 卢倩, 段慧玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=段慧玲, authorNote=

谢川(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
段慧玲(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:。
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注:不同小写字母(a~e)表示有显著性差异(P<0.05),图3同。

, figureFileSmall=7PXOPDm9ox2l9F+15zDpbg==, figureFileBig=/v1aVHG5Wo+a9dkdLsQ9LA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886523734635174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=3D response surface plot of the interaction between ultrasound power and NaOH concentration, figureFileSmall=4BxaxJ/8bh4IOUNynRiF/Q==, figureFileBig=J4mA0eAeIyJIcyTeiD2VhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886523793355431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=图2, caption=超声功率-NaOH浓度交互作用的三维响应面图, figureFileSmall=4BxaxJ/8bh4IOUNynRiF/Q==, figureFileBig=J4mA0eAeIyJIcyTeiD2VhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886523864658600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of single-factor experiment in ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, 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caption=膳食纤维对DPPH自由基清除能力测定结果, figureFileSmall=hA7qMCA55Qf3DpBKFOiSoQ==, figureFileBig=k36uvgBkLmMY2IIgrBBu0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886525831787190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

RSM factors and levels for ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A:超声温度
(℃)
B:超声时间
(min)
C:超声功率
(W)
D:NaOH浓度
(%)
−150101803
060152104
170202405
), ArticleFig(id=1320886527509508791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

超声辅助碱法响应面中的因素和试验水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A:超声温度
(℃)
B:超声时间
(min)
C:超声功率
(W)
D:NaOH浓度
(%)
−150101803
060152104
170202405
), ArticleFig(id=1320886527601783480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

RSM factors and levels for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A:酶添加量(%)B:超声温度(℃)C:超声功率(W)D:pH
-16501806.0
08602106.5
110702407.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320886527924744889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

超声辅助酶法响应面中的因素和试验水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
A:酶添加量(%)B:超声温度(℃)C:超声功率(W)D:pH
-16501806.0
08602106.5
110702407.0
), ArticleFig(id=1320886527983465146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

RSM design and results of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:超声温度
(℃)
B:超声时间
(min)
C:超声功率
(W)
D:NaOH浓度
(%)
Alk-SDF得率
(%)
15010210411.31
27010210411.94
35020210412.26
56015180311.91
66015240312.51
76015180512.68
86015240512.62
95015210311.69
107015210312.44
115015210512.52
127015210512.81
136010180411.76
146020180412.41
156010240411.72
166020240411.98
175015180412.12
187015180412.48
195015240411.99
207015240412.39
216010210311.79
226020210312.43
236010210512.22
246020210512.84
256015210413.28
266015210413.18
276015210413.26
286015210413.11
296015210413.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320886528050574011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

超声辅助碱法响应面试验设计与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:超声温度
(℃)
B:超声时间
(min)
C:超声功率
(W)
D:NaOH浓度
(%)
Alk-SDF得率
(%)
15010210411.31
27010210411.94
35020210412.26
56015180311.91
66015240312.51
76015180512.68
86015240512.62
95015210311.69
107015210312.44
115015210512.52
127015210512.81
136010180411.76
146020180412.41
156010240411.72
166020240411.98
175015180412.12
187015180412.48
195015240411.99
207015240412.39
216010210311.79
226020210312.43
236010210512.22
246020210512.84
256015210413.28
266015210413.18
276015210413.26
286015210413.11
296015210413.22
), ArticleFig(id=1320886528335786684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

RSM analysis of variance for ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型7.41140.529325.68<0.0001**
A0.603010.603029.25<0.0001**
B1.1411.1455.35<0.0001**
C0.001910.00190.09100.7674
D0.710510.710534.47<0.0001**
AB0.034210.03421.660.2184
AC0.000410.00040.01940.8912
AD0.052910.05292.570.1315
BC0.038010.03801.840.1959
BD0.000110.00010.00490.9455
CD0.108910.10895.280.0375*
A21.7511.7584.68<0.0001**
B23.0013.00145.51<0.0001**
C21.6611.6680.65<0.0001**
D20.472910.472922.940.0003**
残差0.2886140.0206
失拟项0.2702100.02705.870.0513
纯误差0.018440.0046
总和7.7028
R2=0.9625,R2adj=0.9250
), ArticleFig(id=1320886528419672765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

超声辅助碱法响应面试验方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型7.41140.529325.68<0.0001**
A0.603010.603029.25<0.0001**
B1.1411.1455.35<0.0001**
C0.001910.00190.09100.7674
D0.710510.710534.47<0.0001**
AB0.034210.03421.660.2184
AC0.000410.00040.01940.8912
AD0.052910.05292.570.1315
BC0.038010.03801.840.1959
BD0.000110.00010.00490.9455
CD0.108910.10895.280.0375*
A21.7511.7584.68<0.0001**
B23.0013.00145.51<0.0001**
C21.6611.6680.65<0.0001**
D20.472910.472922.940.0003**
残差0.2886140.0206
失拟项0.2702100.02705.870.0513
纯误差0.018440.0046
总和7.7028
R2=0.9625,R2adj=0.9250
), ArticleFig(id=1320886528763605694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

RSM design and results for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:酶的添加量
(%)
B:超声温度
(℃)
C:超声功率
(W)
D:pHE-SDF得率
(%)
16502106.511.37
210502106.510.67
36702106.510.46
410702106.510.87
586018066.46
686024067.35
7860180710.39
886024079.87
966021066.88
10106021067.44
11660210710.21
121060210710.61
138501806.510.91
148701806.510.77
158502406.510.79
168702406.510.45
176601806.510.28
1810601806.511.13
196602406.510.65
2010602406.510.37
2185021066.92
2287021066.88
23850210710.74
2487021079.91
258602106.511.44
268602106.511.31
278602106.511.17
288602106.511.12
298602106.511.29
), ArticleFig(id=1320886528868463295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

超声辅助酶法响应面方案设计与结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实验号A:酶的添加量
(%)
B:超声温度
(℃)
C:超声功率
(W)
D:pHE-SDF得率
(%)
16502106.511.37
210502106.510.67
36702106.510.46
410702106.510.87
586018066.46
686024067.35
7860180710.39
886024079.87
966021066.88
10106021067.44
11660210710.21
121060210710.61
138501806.510.91
148701806.510.77
158502406.510.79
168702406.510.45
176601806.510.28
1810601806.511.13
196602406.510.65
2010602406.510.37
2185021066.92
2287021066.88
23850210710.74
2487021079.91
258602106.511.44
268602106.511.31
278602106.511.17
288602106.511.12
298602106.511.29
), ArticleFig(id=1320886528964932288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

RSM analysis of variance for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型71.18145.08142.10<0.0001**
A0.128110.12813.580.0793
B0.353610.35369.880.0072**
C0.017610.01760.49280.4942
D32.67132.67913.08<0.0001**
AB0.308010.30808.610.0109*
AC0.319210.31928.920.0098**
AD0.006410.00640.17890.6788
BC0.010010.01000.27950.6053
BD0.156010.15604.360.0555
CD0.497010.497013.890.0023**
A20.254310.25437.110.0184*
B20.322610.32269.020.0095**
C20.976510.976527.290.0001**
D236.07136.071007.99<0.0001**
残差0.5009140.0358
失拟项0.4376100.04382.760.1696
净误差0.063340.0158
总误差71.6828
R2=0.9930,R2adj=0.9860
), ArticleFig(id=1320886529178841793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

超声辅助酶法响应面试验方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目平方和自由度均方F值P值显著性
模型71.18145.08142.10<0.0001**
A0.128110.12813.580.0793
B0.353610.35369.880.0072**
C0.017610.01760.49280.4942
D32.67132.67913.08<0.0001**
AB0.308010.30808.610.0109*
AC0.319210.31928.920.0098**
AD0.006410.00640.17890.6788
BC0.010010.01000.27950.6053
BD0.156010.15604.360.0555
CD0.497010.497013.890.0023**
A20.254310.25437.110.0184*
B20.322610.32269.020.0095**
C20.976510.976527.290.0001**
D236.07136.071007.99<0.0001**
残差0.5009140.0358
失拟项0.4376100.04382.760.1696
净误差0.063340.0158
总误差71.6828
R2=0.9930,R2adj=0.9860
), ArticleFig(id=1320886529241756354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Physicochemical properties of dietary fiber from Xanthoceras sorbifolium husk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品持水力(g/g)持油力(g/g)膨胀力(mL/g)
Alk-IDF12.16±0.05a19.12±0.06a4.51±0.09b
Alk-SDF11.14±0.06b10.13±0.07b3.56±0.04c
E-IDF3.44±0.06c4.43±0.08c3.11±0.05d
E-SDF2.56±0.05d4.06±0.06d4.98±0.10a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886529619243715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886512653283927, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

文冠果壳膳食纤维的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品持水力(g/g)持油力(g/g)膨胀力(mL/g)
Alk-IDF12.16±0.05a19.12±0.06a4.51±0.09b
Alk-SDF11.14±0.06b10.13±0.07b3.56±0.04c
E-IDF3.44±0.06c4.43±0.08c3.11±0.05d
E-SDF2.56±0.05d4.06±0.06d4.98±0.10a
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文冠果壳膳食纤维不同提取工艺优化及其理化性质比较
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谢川 , 于丽亚 , 刘宇嘉 , 于鑫越 , 张俏丽 , 卢倩 , 段慧玲 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(6): 10-21
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (6) : 10 -21
文冠果壳膳食纤维不同提取工艺优化及其理化性质比较
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谢川 , 于丽亚, 刘宇嘉, 于鑫越, 张俏丽, 卢倩, 段慧玲*
作者信息
  • 山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山西晋中 030801
通讯作者:
段慧玲(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

谢川(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:

Optimization of Different Extraction Processes and Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Dietary Fiber from Husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium
Chuan XIE , Liya YU, Yujia LIU, Xinyue YU, Qiaoli ZHANG, Qian LU, Huiling DUAN*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050244
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为实现木本油料加工副产物的高值化利用,以文冠果壳为原料,通过单因素实验结合响应面试验优化膳食纤维提取工艺,系统比较超声辅助碱法(Alkaline,Alk)与酶法(Enzymatically,E)提取可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF)与不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble Dietary Fiber,IDF)的结构和功能特性。结果表明:超声辅助碱法最佳工艺条件为超声温度61 ℃、超声时间16 min、超声功率210 W、NaOH浓度4.5%;超声辅助酶法最佳工艺为酶添加量7.9%、超声温度55 ℃、超声功率210 W、pH6.7、超声时间30 min。在此条件下,得率E-IDF(63.71%±0.16%)>Alk-IDF(59.61%±0.16%)>Alk-SDF(13.17%±0.13%)>E-SDF(11.39%±0.14%)。扫描电镜显示E-SDF呈现典型疏松多孔结构,其余组分表面均存在明显褶皱;光谱分析证实四种组分均具有典型膳食纤维特征官能团。功能特性研究表明,Alk-IDF持水力(12.16±0.05 g/g)与持油力(19.12±0.06 g/g)最佳,E-SDF的膨胀力最高,达4.98±0.10 mL/g;在1 mg/mL浓度下,E-SDF还原力优于其他组分,为0.45±0.01,而Alk-SDF则表现出最强的自由基清除能力,为48.21%±1.02%。研究结果显示文冠果壳膳食纤维具有良好的理化性质,可为文冠果壳的高值化利用提供一定理论依据。

文冠果壳  /  膳食纤维  /  碱法  /  酶法  /  提取工艺  /  结构  /  理化性质  /  抗氧化

The single-factor experiments were combined with response surface methodology to optimize the extraction process of dietary fiber from husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, so as to achieve high-value utilization of woody oil processing by-products. Furthermore, the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) extracted through ultrasound-assisted alkaline (Alk) and enzymatic (E) methods were systematically compared. The results indicated that the optimal parameters for the ultrasound-assisted alkaline method were set as follows: Ultrasound temperature 61 ℃, ultrasound time 16 min, ultrasound power 210 W, and NaOH concentration 4.5%. For the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method, the optimal conditions were determined as enzyme addition 7.9%, ultrasound temperature 55 ℃, ultrasound power 210 W, pH6.7, and ultrasound time 30 min. Under these optimal conditions, the yields followed the order: E-IDF (63.71%±0.16%)>Alk-IDF (59.61%±0.16%)>Alk-SDF (13.17%±0.13%)>E-SDF (11.39%±0.14%). As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, E-SDF exhibited a typically loose and porous structure, while distinct wrinkles were observed on the surfaces of the other components. As confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, all four components possessed characteristic functional groups of dietary fiber. As demonstrated by functional property studies, Alk-IDF showed superior water-holding capacity (12.16±0.05 g/g) and oil-holding capacity (19.12±0.06 g/g), while E-SDF displayed the highest swelling capacity (4.98±0.10 mL/g). At a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the reducing power (0.45±0.01) of E-SDF was higher than that of other components, whereas the free radical scavenging capacity (48.21%±1.02%) of Alk-SDF was the strongest. Overall, husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium dietary fiber possesses favorable physicochemical properties, which could provide a theoretical basis for its high-value utilization.

husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium  /  dietary fiber  /  alkaline method  /  enzymatic method  /  extraction technology  /  structure  /  physicochemical properties  /  antioxidant activity
谢川, 于丽亚, 刘宇嘉, 于鑫越, 张俏丽, 卢倩, 段慧玲. 文冠果壳膳食纤维不同提取工艺优化及其理化性质比较. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 10 -21 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050244
Chuan XIE, Liya YU, Yujia LIU, Xinyue YU, Qiaoli ZHANG, Qian LU, Huiling DUAN. Optimization of Different Extraction Processes and Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Dietary Fiber from Husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolium[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 10 -21 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050244
文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)属于无患子科,是我国北方特有的药食植株,每个部位都具有一定的药用和保健价值,可用于预防和治疗疾病[1]。文冠果壳是文冠果加工后的主要副产物之一,其重量约占果实的27%[2],通常作为废料处理,这对环境是一种污染,也造成了资源的浪费[3]。近年研究发现,文冠果壳具有较高的利用价值,其含有多种天然活性成分,如酚酸、多酚、黄酮、膳食纤维等[4],具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化等特性[5−7],其中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的总量约占文冠果壳的82.1%[8],是提取膳食纤维的理想原料。鉴于文冠果壳富含高比例膳食纤维组分,却常作为废弃物的现状,深入系统研究文冠果壳膳食纤维提取工艺及其理化性质,对于实现废弃资源的高值化利用、开发新型功能性食品原料及减轻环境负担具有重要意义。
膳食纤维是碳水化合物及其类似物的总和,它在小肠中能保持稳定不被消化、吸收,进入大肠后可发生不同程度的分解[9]。膳食纤维根据可溶性的不同主要分为两类:可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble dietary fiber,SDF)和不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)。提取膳食纤维的方法有碱法提取、酶法提取等,其中碱法提取成本低,操作简单,但容易破坏膳食纤维的结构[10]。酶法对环境友好,提取的膳食纤维中杂质较少,但成本高且提取条件严格[11]。近年来,基于空化效应原理的超声波辅助提取技术,通过破坏植物细胞壁、裂解木质素与半纤维素的连接,促进膳食纤维的释放,该技术凭借显著提高膳食纤维提取效率,保持结构和分子特性不变等优点,已成为食品工业中植物活性成分提取的主流绿色技术[12]。
因此,本试验采用超声波辅助碱法和酶法两种方法制备文冠果壳SDF和IDF,并对不同提取方法提取的文冠果壳SDF和IDF的结构、理化性质和抗氧化性进行比较分析,以期为木本油料加工废弃物的资源化利用提供理论支撑,实现膳食纤维原料的多样性拓展。
新鲜的文冠果 文冠果基地提供;大豆油 购自美宜佳超市;氢氧化钠 天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司;磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、三氯化铁、三氯乙酸、铁氰化钾、溴化钾 天津市天力化学试剂有限公司;无水乙醇 天津市富宇精细化工有限公司;木瓜蛋白酶(800 U/mg)、α-淀粉酶(50 U/mg)、糖化酶(100000 U/mg) 上海市源叶生物科技有限公司;2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼(DPPH) 上海蓝季生物科技有限公司;抗坏血酸(VC) 天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司;以上试剂均为分析纯。
PR224ZH/E电子天平 奥豪斯仪器(常州)有限公司;DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器 杭州旌斐仪器科技有限公司;HC-2518R高速冷冻离心机 安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司;XL-30C高速连续式超微粉碎机 广州市旭朗机械设备有限公司;GZX-9420-MBE电热鼓风干燥箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;SCIENTZ-30YD/A真空冷冻干燥机、SBW25-12DTDN超声波清洗机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;UV-1100紫外可见分光光度计 上海美谱达仪器有限公司;捷克TESCAN MIRA LMS扫描电子显微镜 泰思肯(中国)有限公司;BRUKER TENSOR 27傅里叶红外光谱仪 德国布鲁克(北京)科技有限公司。
文冠果经清洗、剥壳后,获得果壳,随后将果壳切块后冷冻干燥预处理,采用超微粉碎进行粉碎(过60目标准筛)。得到的文冠果壳粉末置于密封袋中,−40 ℃保存待用。
将2 g预处理后的文冠果壳粉置于锥形瓶内,加入一定浓度的NaOH,在一定条件下超声提取一定时间,4500 r/min离心20 min,将沉淀物取出烘干,得到超声辅助碱法提取不溶性膳食纤维(Alkaline Extracted Insoluble Dietary Fiber,Alk-IDF)。
取出全部上清液,加入4倍体积的无水乙醇,摇匀,置于4 ℃下沉淀24 h,4500 r/min离心20 min,取沉淀物冻干,得到超声辅助碱法提取可溶性膳食纤维(Alkaline Extracted Soluble Dietary Fiber,Alk-SDF)。
将2 g预处理后的文冠果壳粉置于锥形瓶内,加入一定量比例为1:1:1的复合酶(糖化酶、木瓜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶),按照1:20的料液比加入特定pH的磷酸缓冲溶液,在一定条件下超声提取一定时间,100 ℃水浴灭酶10 min,4500 r/min离心20 min,将沉淀物取出烘干,得到超声辅助酶法提取不溶性膳食纤维(Enzymatically Extracted Insoluble Dietary Fiber,E-IDF)。
取出全部上清液,加入4倍体积的无水乙醇,摇匀,置于4 ℃下沉淀24 h,4500 r/min离心20 min。取沉淀物冻干,得到超声辅助酶法提取可溶性膳食纤维(Enzymatically Extracted Soluble Dietary Fiber,E-SDF)。按照式(1)和式(2)分别计算出不溶性膳食纤维和可溶性膳食纤维得率。
$ \rm{I}DF得率(\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}_{\text{1}}}{\text{m}}\times\text{100} $
$ \rm{S}DF得率(\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}_{\text{2}}}{\text{m}}\times\text{100} $
式中:m为文冠果壳粉末质量,g;m1为不溶性膳食纤维质量,g;m2为可溶性膳食纤维质量,g。
称取2 g文冠果壳粉样品,研究超声温度、超声时间、超声功率、NaOH浓度对文冠果壳粉Alk-SDF得率的影响,改变超声功率(150、180、210、240、270 W)、超声温度(50、60、70、80、90 ℃)、超声时间(5、10、15、20、25 min)、NaOH浓度(2%、3%、4%、5%、6%)中的任意一个因素时,其他因素以超声温度60 ℃、超声时间15 min、超声功率210 W、NaOH浓度4%为准。
称取2 g文冠果壳粉样品,研究复合酶的添加量、pH、超声温度、超声功率、超声时间对文冠果壳粉E-SDF得率的影响,改变超声功率(150、180、210、240、270 W)、超声温度(50、60、70、80、90 ℃)、超声时间(10、20、30、40、50 min)、pH(5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5)、复合酶的添加量(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)中的任意一个因素时,其他因素以复合酶的添加量6%、pH6.5、超声温度60 ℃、超声功率210 W、超声时间30 min为准。
根据超声辅助碱法单因素实验结果,将超声温度、超声时间、超声功率、NaOH浓度4因素作为自变量,以文冠果壳Alk-SDF得率为响应值,对膳食纤维的提取条件做进一步优化。使用Design-Expert软件(13.0.1.0)进行Box-Behnken设计。以单因素优化实验中获得的最佳值为中心点0,最大值和最小值分别编码为1和−1,各因子的水平设置及编码值见表1。
根据超声辅助酶法单因素实验结果,选取对文冠果壳E-SDF得率影响程度较大的四个因素:酶的添加量、超声温度、超声功率、pH4因素为自变量,以文冠果壳SDF得率为响应值,对膳食纤维的提取条件做进一步优化。使用Design-Expert软件(13.0.1.0)进行 Box-Behnken 设计。以单因素优化中获得的最佳值为中心点0,最大值和最小值分别编码为1和-1。各因子的水平设置及编码值见表2。
参考王洪欣[13]的方法并作适当修改。分别取Alk-IDF、Alk-SDF、E-IDF、E-SDF样品20 mg,用蒸馏水稀释到0.2 mg/mL,将样品置于紫外分光光度计中,采集样品在200~800 nm波长范围内的光谱图。
参考刘东杰等[14]的方法并作适当修改。将Alk-IDF、Alk-SDF、E-IDF、E-SDF样品分别与KBr粉体以质量比为1:100混合并研磨均匀,压片,将样品置于红外光谱仪中,采集样品在4000~400 cm−1范围内的光谱图,分辨率为2 nm。
参考陈淇等[15]的方法并作适当修改。称取适量的Alk-IDF、Alk-SDF、E-IDF、E-SDF粉末,分别均匀涂布于导电胶后喷金,在15 kV工作电压下,分别在500、2000、5000倍条件下,置于扫描电子显微镜观察并记录样品的形貌。
参考董玉玮等[16]的方法并作如下修改。分别准确称取1 g文冠果壳SDF和IDF置于50 mL离心管,加入20 mL的蒸馏水,在37 ℃下使用磁力搅拌器以800 r/min搅拌30 min后,在4000 r/min的转速下离心15 min,去除上清液后称重,将离心管放入45 ℃烘箱中烘干,再次称重。
$\rm \text{持水力}(\text{g}/\text{g})=\frac{{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{M}} $
式中:M为加水前样品重量,g;M1为吸水后样品与离心管的总重量,g;M2为烘干后样品与离心管的总重量,g。
参考乔小全等[17]的方法并作如下修改。分别准确称取1 g文冠果壳SDF和IDF置于50 mL离心管,加入20 mL的豆油,在4 ℃条件下放置24 h,在4000 r/min的转速下15 min,倾去上层油,用滤纸吸去多余油脂,称重。
$\rm \text{持油力}(\text{g}/\text{g})=\frac{{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}-{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}}{\text{M}} $
式中:M为干燥样品重量,g;M1为干燥样品和离心管的总重量,g;M2为吸油后样品和离心管的总重量,g。
参考巫永华等[18]的方法并作如下修改。分别准确称取1 g文冠果壳SDF和IDF置于10 mL量筒中,用移液枪准确移取8 mL蒸馏水,记录此时体积。室温下静置24 h,记录体积。
$\rm \text{膨胀力}(\text{mL}/\text{g})=\frac{{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}-{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}{\text{M}} $
式中:M为样品质量,g;V0为静置前的体积,mL;V1为静置后的体积,mL。
参考赵巧丽等[19]中的方法并做适当修改。取不同浓度的文冠果壳SDF和IDF溶液各2.5 mL,加入0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH6.6)和1%铁氰化钾溶液各2.5 mL,50 ℃水浴20 min,使用2.5 mL10%三氯乙酸终止反应,3000 r/min离心10 min,移取2.5 mL上清液,依次加入2.5 mL蒸馏水、2.5 mL0.1%三氯化铁溶液,混匀后静置10 min,以VC为阳性对照组,于700 nm特征波长下测定反应体系的吸光度值。
参考马凤等[20]的方法并做适当修改。取不同浓度的文冠果壳SDF和IDF溶液各2.5 mL,加入2.5 mL用无水乙醇配制的0.2 mmol/L DPPH溶液,摇匀,避光反应20 min,以VC为阳性对照组,于517 nm特征波长下测定反应体系的吸光度值,计算DPPH清除率。
$\rm DPPH自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(\text{1}-\frac{{\text{A}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{A}}_{\text{0}}}\right)\times \text{100} $
式中:A1为膳食纤维和DPPH溶液的吸光值;A2为膳食纤维和无水乙醇溶液的吸光值;A0为无水乙醇和DPPH溶液的吸光值。
每组数据测量三次,用平均值±标准差表示。采用Excel 2021软件进行基础数据统计处理,用Design Expert (13.0.1.0)软件构建响应面模型并完成实验参数优化,运用其ANOVA模块进行显著性检验,用Origin (2024.10.1.0.178)软件绘图。用SPSS Statistics (R27.0.1.0)对数据进行Duncan多重比较确定显著性差异,以P<0.05作为显著性差异的判断依据。
由图1A可知,在210 W时Alk-SDF得率达到最大,这可能是由于超声波功率的增加而引起空化效应,增加了细胞内部的传质阻力,导致细胞结构发生分解,从而提高了Alk-SDF得率[21],但超声功率过高可能导致Alk-SDF发生化学分解。此外,过高的功率还可能产生空化气泡,这些气泡会削弱能量向细胞表面的传递[22],导致Alk-SDF得率降低。因此选择超声功率为180、210、240 W进行后续响应面试验。
图1B反映了超声温度对Alk-SDF得率的影响。超声温度为60 ℃时,Alk-SDF得率最高,这是因为温度的升高促进了膳食纤维中部分氢键的断裂,加快了分子的运动和扩散,从而提高了Alk-SDF在溶液中的溶解度[23]。当温度超过60 ℃后,超声波产生的空化效应会改变,降低了传质强度,同时高温促进了Alk-SDF的降解[24],导致Alk-SDF得率降低。因此选择超声温度为50、60、70 ℃进行后续响应面试验。
如图1C所示,当超声时间为15 min时,Alk-SDF的得率最大。超声时间过短,提取不完全,随着超声时间的增加,细胞壁逐渐被破坏,促进了膳食纤维的释放[22],超声时间过长,可能引起Alk-SDF结构发生改变,从而降低Alk-SDF得率[25],因此选择超声时间为10、15、20 min进行后续响应面试验。
由图1D可以看出,Alk-SDF得率在NaOH浓度达到4%时达到最大,这是因为NaOH可以促进膳食纤维的释放,使得Alk-SDF得率升高[26],但NaOH的浓度过高会导致膳食纤维分解,无法醇沉淀,抑制了Alk-SDF的提取[27],这与杨帆等[28]研究超声-酶辅助碱法提取黑木耳膳食纤维的趋势一致,随着NaOH浓度增加呈先增后减。因此选择NaOH浓度为3%、4%、5%进行后续响应面试验。
实验借助Design Expert(13.0.1.0)软件设计四因素三水平的响应面试验,共29组试验,其中5组用于重复中心点试验,将Alk-SDF得率作为响应值,确定最佳工艺参数。试验方案及结果见表3。
由表4可知,P<0.0001,说明该模型极显著,失拟项P值等于0.0513>0.05,不显著,R2=0.9625,线性关系较好,可以用于对Alk-SDF得率的优化。
Alk-SDF得率回归方程为:
Y=−54.5996+0.711667A+1.12917B+0.265583C+4.26333D−0.00185AB+3.33333e-05AC−0.0115AD−0.00065BC−0.001BD−0.0055CD−0.0051875A2−0.0272B2−0.0005625C2−0.27D2
由表4可知,4个因素对Alk-SDF的影响依次为B>D>A>C,即超声时间>NaOH浓度>超声温度>超声功率。
图2为超声功率和NaOH浓度两因素交互作用对文冠果壳Alk-SDF得率的影响。图形倾斜程度和等高线的形状可以直观比较交互作用。因此,通过响应面图可知,超声功率(C)和NaOH浓度(D)等高线相对椭圆,坡度较为陡峭,交互作用对得率的影响显著,与方差分析的结果一致。
确定最佳工艺参数为:超声温度61.45 ℃、超声时间16.11 min、超声功率206.83 W、NaOH浓度4.45%,预测文冠果壳Alk-SDF得率为13.32%。为方便操作,将工艺条件调整为超声温度61 ℃、超声时间16 min、超声功率210 W、NaOH浓度4.5%,得到实际文冠果壳Alk-SDF得率为13.17%±0.13%,结果与预测值相差不大,说明该模型准确度良好。按照最适条件进行试验,Alk-IDF得率为59.61%±0.16%。
由图3A可知,当超声功率达到210 W时,E-SDF得率达到最大,这可能是超声处理导致文冠果壳细胞壁破裂,促进了文冠果壳中活性成分的扩散、溶出[29],进而提高了E-SDF的得率。功率超过210 W后,高强度的超声处理可能会破坏文冠果壳E-SDF的内部结构,使其体系糊化,从而导致其得率下降[28]。因此选择超声功率为180、210、240 W进行后续响应面试验。
由图3B反映了超声温度对E-SDF得率的影响,E-SDF得率在超声温度60 ℃时达到最高,这是因为复合酶活力随着温度升高而增加,提高了酶解效率,使得E-SDF得率升高。超声温度低于或超过60 ℃,可能因为复合酶活性降低,导致酶解效率变低,降低了E-SDF的得率[30]。因此选择超声温度为50、60、70 ℃进行后续响应面试验。
由图3C所示,当超声时间为30 min时,E-SDF得率达到最大,这说明提取时间太短,会导致提取过程不彻底,但随着超声时间增加,溶出大量的果胶、低聚糖,E-SDF得率上升。提取时间太长,高强度超声产生的空化、机械剪切等效应,会破坏文冠果壳E-SDF结构,导致E-SDF得率下降[31]。这与王萌等[32]研究超声辅助酶法提取麦麸可溶性膳食纤维的趋势一致,随着超声时间增加,可溶性膳食纤维得率先增后减。因此选择超声时间为20、30、40 min进行后续响应面试验。
由图3D可知,pH为6.5时,E-SDF得率最大,这是因为酶在最适pH下,酶促反应速率最大,当pH低于或超过6.5时,可能因为复合酶的活性下降,导致E-SDF得率逐渐下降。这与王天等[33]研究超声辅助酶法提取藜麦可溶性膳食纤维的趋势一致,随着pH增加,可溶性膳食纤维得率先增后减。因此选择pH为6、6.5、7进行后续响应面试验。
由图3E可以看出,当酶添加量为8%时,E-SDF的得率最大,这是因为催化反应速度与酶添加量成正比,当酶添加量较少,会导致提取不完全,而过量复合酶使得E-SDF裂解成小分子低聚糖甚至单糖而溶于乙醇,在醇沉过程中无法析出[34],导致E-SDF得率下降。因此选择酶添加量为6%、8%、10%进行后续响应面试验。
实验借助Design Expert (13.0.1.0)软件设计四因素三水平的响应面试验,共29组试验,其中5组用于重复中心点试验,将E-SDF得率作为试验响应值,确定最佳工艺参数。试验方案及结果见表5。
由表6可知,P<0.0001,说明该模型极显著,失拟项P值等于0.1696>0.05,不显著,R2=0.9930,线性关系较好,可以用于对E-SDF得率的优化。
E-SDF得率回归方程为:
Y=−490.922+1.25992A+0.431183B+0.380206C+133.541D+0.013875AB−0.00470833AC−0.04AD−0.000166667BC−0.0395BD−0.0235CD−0.0495A2−0.00223B2−0.000431111C2−9.432D2
FA=3.58,FB=9.88,FC=0.4928,FD=913.08,因此4个因素对E-SDF的影响依次为D>B>A>C,即pH>超声温度>酶添加量>超声功率。
图4为酶添加量、超声温度、超声功率、pH各因素两两交互作用对文冠果壳E-SDF得率的影响。图形倾斜程度和等高线的形状可以直观比较交互作用。因此,通过响应面图4a~图4c可知,酶添加量(A)与超声温度(B)、酶添加量(A)与超声功率(C)、超声功率(C)与pH(D)的等高线相对椭圆,坡度较为陡峭,交互作用对得率的影响显著,与方差分析结果一致。
确定最佳工艺参数为:酶添加量7.86%、超声温度54.19 ℃、超声功率205.10 W、pH6.69,预测文冠果壳E-SDF得率为11.63%。为方便操作,将工艺条件调整为酶添加量7.9%、超声温度55 ℃、超声功率210 W、pH6.7。得到实际文冠果壳E-SDF得率为11.39%±0.14%,结果接近预测值,说明该模型准确度良好。按照最适条件进行试验,E-IDF得率为63.71%±0.16%。
紫外分析光谱又称为电子跃迁光谱,可根据出峰波长来判断样品中是否含有微量杂质。为了分析文冠果壳SDF和IDF中是否含有大分子物质,对文冠果壳SDF和IDF样品溶液在200~800 nm范围进行紫外光谱分析。由图5所示,4种膳食纤维的波长在200 nm处达到最大值,表明文冠果壳膳食纤维中含有大量多糖类物质。E-SDF、Alk-SDF和Alk-IDF在280 nm附近有弱吸收峰,说明可能含有少量的水溶性蛋白[35]。所有样品溶液在260 nm处都没有出现特征吸收峰,表明该文冠果壳膳食纤维中不存在核糖核酸[14],这与李国强等[36]研究的枸杞多糖情况类似。
如图6所示,E-SDF、E-IDF、Alk-SDF和Alk-IDF 4种膳食纤维在4000~400 cm−1范围的FTIR光谱均具有膳食纤维的特征吸收峰。在3399 cm−1处的吸收峰是由于果胶或半纤维素O-H的伸缩振动[37]。在2931 cm−1处的吸收峰主要来自亚甲基和羰基甲基的C-H的不对称拉伸和弯曲振动[38]。在1611 cm−1处的吸收峰可能是由于C=O键伸缩振动,表明该SDF和IDF可能含有糖醛酸相关结构[39]。在1200~900 cm−1处的强吸收带是碳水化合物的特征,红外光谱在此范围内含有多个吸收峰,为吡喃环的伸缩振动,说明文冠果膳食纤维中可能含有吡喃糖[40]。在1015 cm−1处出现了很强的吸收峰,这可能与C-O拉伸振动有关,可能是由伯醇结构或糖环中的C-O-H和C-O-C结构产生的[41],表明文冠果壳膳食纤维中可能含有葡萄糖[42]。
不同提取方式的膳食纤维的微观结构往往会存在差异,进而影响其功能特性。如图7所示,4种膳食纤维的微观结构差异明显。E-SDF放大500倍时,呈絮状层叠结构,形状表现为“棉花糖状”;当放大2000和5000倍时,E-SDF呈现蓬松多孔的结构,这种结构使其在吸附水分子后易于膨胀,然而缺少精细的网络支撑,其结构在外力作用下相对脆弱,持水能力受到限制,这与曹煜等[43]研究的超声辅助酶法提取的大白菜外叶可溶性膳食纤维的结构类似。观察E-IDF、Alk-IDF和Alk-SDF微观结构,当放大500倍时,可以观察到E-IDF、Alk-IDF和Alk-SDF均呈现褶皱状态;当放大2000倍和5000倍时,可以清晰地观察到E-IDF结构较为致密,使其难以截留小分子物质,Alk-SDF虽然有较大的孔洞,但是表面光滑,能截留小分子的量相对较少,而Alk-IDF有明显褶皱和断层孔洞,这种结构特征使得Alk-IDF凹凸不平,不仅让Alk-IDF具有更大的比表面积,而且暴露出更多的亲水性位点和非极性基团[27],使其通过氢键等分子间作用力,更易吸附并保留水和油脂等小分子。
Alk-IDF、Alk-SDF、E-IDF、E-SDF 4种膳食纤维的理化性质如表7所示。Alk-IDF的持水力和持油力分别为12.16±0.05 g/g和19.12±0.06 g/g,显著高于其他膳食纤维(P<0.05),这可能是超声与碱处理通过剧烈破坏Alk-IDF的表面结构并增加其空隙,增强了对脂肪的吸附能力[44],同时该处理使纤维分子氢键断裂、亲水基团如羟基等暴露,从而提升了表面亲水性[45]。尽管Alk-SDF有较多的亲水和亲油基团,但可能比表面积是影响膳食纤维持水力和持油力更为重要的原因[46],这与扫描电镜分析的结果是一致的,Alk-IDF表面褶皱多孔,大大增强了其持水和持油能力。膨胀力也是评价膳食纤维生理功能的重要指标[11],对比4种膳食纤维,E-SDF的膨胀力最大,为4.98±0.10 mL/g,显著高于其他膳食纤维(P<0.05),这是因为该膳食纤维的结构更加疏松,其吸水后膨胀的体积更大[47]。以上结果表明,膳食纤维的种类和提取方式对膳食纤维的结构有着较大的影响,导致其理化性质也有着较大的区别。
还原力可以用于评价抗氧化物质抗氧化活性。抗氧化剂通过供电子体特征实现自由基清除效应,吸光度与还原力呈正相关[48]。图8为文冠果壳E-SDF、E-IDF、Alk-SDF、Alk-IDF的还原力检测结果,4种膳食纤维的还原力均低于VC组,且还原力随着文冠果壳膳食纤维质量浓度的增加而增加。当样品质量浓度在0.2~0.7 mg/mL范围内,Alk-SDF还原力高于E-SDF。邢颖等[49]研究提取方法对荷叶多糖DPPH自由基清除能力的影响,发现碱法提取荷叶多糖的还原力高于酶法提取,本实验结果与之一致。当样品质量浓度大于0.8 mg/mL时,E-SDF还原力高于其他膳食纤维,总体各组分的还原力差距较小。
DPPH法是目前最常用的自由基清除测定方法之一[50]。常用于评价抗氧化物质的抗氧化能力。样品与DPPH自由基结合褪色,导致吸光值下降,因此可以通过检测反应体系在517 nm波长下的吸光度值来间接反映样品的抗氧化能力[51]。如图9所示,文冠果壳4种膳食纤维都具有DPPH自由基清除效果,且弱于VC组,有明显的量效关系,自由基清除率随着样品质量浓度的增加,呈现上升趋势。在相同质量浓度下,SDF的清除效果要高于IDF。当浓度在0.2~1.0 mg/mL时,超声辅助碱法提取的同种文冠果壳膳食纤维的清除能力高于超声辅助酶法提取。这一差异可能源于两种方法作用机制的差异:超声辅助酶法仅能特异性水解特定类型的糖苷键,而超声辅助碱法能更广泛地裂解多种糖苷键。因此,超声辅助碱法能导致更多还原性末端基团的暴露,从而赋予其提取的膳食纤维更强的自由基清除活性。Geng等[52]研究提取方法对牛肝菌多糖DPPH自由基清除能力的影响,发现样品质量浓度在0~4.0 mg/mL范围内,碱法提取的牛肝菌多糖DPPH自由基清除能力高于酶法提取,本实验结果与之一致。
本文探究了不同提取方式对文冠果壳膳食纤维得率、结构和功能特性的影响,研究结果表明:超声辅助碱法的最佳工艺条件为超声温度61 ℃、超声时间16 min、超声功率210 W、NaOH浓度4.5%,超声辅助酶法的最佳工艺为酶添加量7.9%、超声温度55 ℃、超声功率210 W、pH6.7、超声时间30 min。在此工艺条件下,超声辅助碱法提取的SDF含量(13.17%±0.13%)高于超声辅助酶法,超声辅助酶法提取的IDF含量更高,为63.71%±0.16%。在结构方面,不同方法提取的膳食纤维在微观结构上存在较大差异,导致膳食纤维的理化性质显著不同,Alk-IDF的持水力和持油力分别为12.16±0.05 g/g和19.12±0.06 g/g,显著优于其他膳食纤维(P<0.05),E-SDF的膨胀力(4.98±0.10 mL/g)最佳,样品质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,E-SDF有较好的还原力,Alk-SDF有较高的DPPH自由基清除能力。这表明超声辅助碱法更利于提取高含量的SDF,而超声辅助酶法则在获取高品质IDF方面更具优势,说明文冠果壳膳食纤维具有良好的理化性质,是一种优质的膳食纤维来源。这不仅为木本油料加工废弃物的资源化利用提供了应用价值,也拓展了膳食纤维原料的多样性。本研究仍存在一些未深入探讨的问题,未来可对文冠果壳膳食纤维在体内外的功能活性及其相互作用机理方向进行进一步探究。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050244
  • 接收时间:2025-05-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-26
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    山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山西晋中 030801

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段慧玲(1986−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:农产品加工及贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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