Article(id=1261343844877123691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050209, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778657407252, onlineDateStr=2026-05-13, pubDate=1777564800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778657407252, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778657407252, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657407252, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1261336272929472630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='504', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778655601961, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778657530282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1261344361019728696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1261336272929472630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=331, endPage=341, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1261343847070744687, articleId=1261343844877123691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Suitability Assessment of Major Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Varieties for Processing White Salt Noodle, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to systematically explore the slated noodle-making suitability of various wheat varieties, twenty-three varieties of wheat predominantly cultivated in Huang-Huai winter wheat region were selected and their grain qualities, flour physicochemical properties, pasting and mixing properties, as well as the resultant white-salt noodles quality were comprehensively evaluated using the multiple statistical methods like correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in hardness index, wet gluten contents and damaged starch contents, viscosity and breakdown value, and the corresponding dough’s stabilization time and weakening degree among different varieties of wheat. Likewise, the variation coefficients among these quality indexes also showed obvious differences. Correlation analysis indicated that kernel hardness, flour protein contents, wet gluten contents, and water absorption exhibited significant positive correlations (P<0.05) with the sensory quality of white salt noodles. Principal component analysis showed that the evaluation index of wheat grain quality could be dimensionally reduced by five principal component factors, with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.097%, which could be used to explain most information of original variables, among which the first principal component (reflecting flour quality and mixing characteristics) and the second principal component (reflecting wheat grain quality and gelatinization characteristics) played a major role in wheat variety evaluation. Combined with the results of cluster analysis, 23 wheat varieties could be divided into 4 categories. Among these, the white salt noodles made by the second wheat variety had moderate hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, the lowest cooking loss rate and the highest sensory score, underscoring its suitability for making white salt noodles. The second type of wheat varieties specifically included: Zhengyumai 16, Zhoumai 36, Weilong 169, Zhengmai 179, Zhengmai 103, Yubao No.1 and Kaimai 21, and their variety index thresholds were as follows: protein content 10.85%~12.93%, peak viscosity 2262.00~2748.00 cP, minimum viscosity 1406.00~2021.00 cP, stability time 1.5~4.7 min, hardness 2812.00~4012.00 g, chewiness 1878~2588 g and cooking loss rate 3.31%~5.36%.

, correspAuthors=Erqi GUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hanghang SUN, Jianli WANG, Erqi GUAN, Yingquan ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1261343858835767459, articleId=1261343844877123691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种白盐面条加工适宜性研究, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为系统探究黄淮冬麦区不同品种小麦制作白盐面条的适宜性,本研究选取23个品种小麦,运用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等统计学方法,对籽粒品质、面粉理化特性、糊化特性和混合特性以及白盐面条食用品质进行了综合评估。结果表明,不同品种小麦在硬度指数、湿面筋含量、破损淀粉含量、黏度、衰减值、稳定时间和弱化度等方面存在显著差异,且各品质指标的变异系数亦呈现明显的差异。通过相关性分析可知,籽粒硬度、面粉蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和吸水率与白盐面条感官品质呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果显示,小麦籽粒品质评价指标可由5个主成分因子进行降维,累计方差贡献率为75.097%,能够用来解释原始变量的大部分信息,其中第1主成分(反映面粉品质和混合特性)和第2主成分(反映小麦籽粒品质和糊化特性)在小麦品种品质评价方面占据着主要作用。结合聚类分析结果,可将23个小麦品种划分为4个类别,其中第二类小麦品种制得白盐面条的硬度、咀嚼性和胶凝性适中的同时具有较低的蒸煮损失率而且感官评分最高,更适宜于白盐面条的制作。第二类小麦品种具体包括:郑育麦16、周麦36、伟隆169、郑麦179、郑麦103、豫保一号和开麦21,其品种指标阈值如下:面粉蛋白含量10.85%~12.93%、峰值黏度2262.00~2748.00 cP、最低黏度1406.00~2021.00 cP、稳定时间1.5~4.7 min、硬度2812.00~4012.00 g、咀嚼性1878~2588 g、蒸煮损失率3.31%~5.36%。

, correspAuthors=关二旗, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
关二旗(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物科学技术及农产品质量与食物安全,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=/04sW/jfYmj/nhTiph8YDg==, magXml=pGDTABgFuXRr60mLVilykg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lxcN32ybpaZ6LhLRtTrKRA==, pdfFileSize=1307444, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RlMUnhwjl8DZ+RcP30Djiw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vK4Owk2DzFfNVwHhZ6kwUw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孙航航(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:小麦加工理论与应用,E-mail:

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孙航航(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:小麦加工理论与应用,E-mail:

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孙航航(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:小麦加工理论与应用,E-mail:

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Cereal Chemistry, 2009, 86(4): 477−485., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1261343860949696689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343860962279602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, companyId=1261343860949696689, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343861222326452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, companyId=1261343860949696689, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343861729837241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343861780168890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, companyId=1261343861729837241, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343861809529020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, companyId=1261343861729837241, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.河南工业大学粮油食品学院省部级科研平台,河南郑州 450001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1261343863608885447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343863621468360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, companyId=1261343863608885447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1261343863634051273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, companyId=1261343863608885447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部粮油加工综合利用技术集成实验室,北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1261343889412243988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cluster analysis of main wheat varieties in Huanghuai winter wheat area, figureFileSmall=AFn79Byiu+Raz+91UqWX+A==, figureFileBig=RlMUnhwjl8DZ+RcP30Djiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343891048022562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=图1, caption=黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种聚类分析, figureFileSmall=AFn79Byiu+Raz+91UqWX+A==, figureFileBig=RlMUnhwjl8DZ+RcP30Djiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1261343893862400586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Noodle sensory evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标评价标准分值(分)
色泽面条的颜色和亮度:光亮为8~10分;亮度一般为4~7分;颜色发暗、发灰,亮度差为1~3分。10
表观状态面条表面光滑和膨胀程度:表面结构细密,光滑为8~10分;一般为4~7分;表面粗糙,变形严重为1~3分。10
坚实度用牙咬断一根所需力的大小:力度适中为16~20分;偏硬或偏软11~15分;太硬或太软1~10分。20
弹性面条咀嚼时,咬劲和弹力的大小:有咬劲、富有弹性为21~25分;一般为16~20分;咬劲差、弹性不足为1~15分。25
黏性咀嚼过程中,面条粘牙程度:咀嚼时爽口、不粘牙为21~25分;一般为16~20分;不爽口、粘牙为1~15分。25
光滑性品尝面条时口感的光滑程度:光滑为4.5~5分;一般为3~4.4分;光滑程度差为1~2.9分。5
食味具有麦香的味道为4.4~5分;基本无异味为3~4.3分;有异味为1~2.9分。5
), ArticleFig(id=1261343894927753810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

面条感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标评价标准分值(分)
色泽面条的颜色和亮度:光亮为8~10分;亮度一般为4~7分;颜色发暗、发灰,亮度差为1~3分。10
表观状态面条表面光滑和膨胀程度:表面结构细密,光滑为8~10分;一般为4~7分;表面粗糙,变形严重为1~3分。10
坚实度用牙咬断一根所需力的大小:力度适中为16~20分;偏硬或偏软11~15分;太硬或太软1~10分。20
弹性面条咀嚼时,咬劲和弹力的大小:有咬劲、富有弹性为21~25分;一般为16~20分;咬劲差、弹性不足为1~15分。25
黏性咀嚼过程中,面条粘牙程度:咀嚼时爽口、不粘牙为21~25分;一般为16~20分;不爽口、粘牙为1~15分。25
光滑性品尝面条时口感的光滑程度:光滑为4.5~5分;一般为3~4.4分;光滑程度差为1~2.9分。5
食味具有麦香的味道为4.4~5分;基本无异味为3~4.3分;有异味为1~2.9分。5
), ArticleFig(id=1261343896546755168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Grain characters of wheat varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种硬度指数(%)千粒重(g)容重(g/L)籽粒蛋白含量(%)
注:表中数据为均值±标准差;同列字母不同表示存在显著差异,P<0.05,表3~表5同。
森科09355.46±0.18ghi53.34±0.16a833.00±0.00cd11.77±0.15k
伟隆16974.58±0.12a43.84±0.56hij838.67±2.08bc11.33±0.06l
绵麦90246.15±0.38j50.44±0.51b726.33±0.58n11.03±0.06lm
豫保一号66.27±0.38cde46.59±0.04f808.67±2.31gh14.57±0.21b
扬辐麦8号54.47±0.14hij42.45±0.21kl833.00±1.00cd11.87±0.15jk
绵麦90763.09±0.42fg53.83±0.55a764.00±3.46lm11.90±0.10ijk
郑麦10370.25±0.16abc48.08±0.18cd786.00±0.94k12.97±0.06g
郑育麦1656.22±0.53gh53.44±0.06a821.67±2.31ef14.10±0.17c
郑麦17965.95±0.28cde42.29±1.01l850.33±0.58a12.20±0.10ij
周麦3663.80±0.27ef44.18±0.13ghi814.00±0.00fg13.40±0.10ef
扬麦3067.86±0.10bcd50.45±0.11b813.67±1.53fg11.20±0.10lm
宁麦1369.75±0.11bc38.83±0.10n853.33±4.04a12.33±0.06h
扬麦1550.79±0.20ij46.80±0.50ef770.00±0.00l12.27±0.12ij
开麦2165.93±0.12cde47.66±0.17de761.67±2.08m13.60±0.17de
苏科麦1号64.62±0.28de43.10±0.09jkl795.67±2.52ij13.20±0.17fg
扬麦2458.15±0.41g40.34±0.48m842.00±0.00b12.30±0.10hi
谷神麦2871.09±0.18ab45.10±0.18g836.33±1.15bc12.27±0.06ij
扬麦2969.35±0.05bcd42.54±0.55kl802.67±4.62hi10.90±0.00m
郑麦36970.47±0.23abc48.68±0.05c827.67±2.08de13.90±0.10cd
新麦5867.86±0.16cde43.33±0.08ijk792.00±2.00jk12.60±0.00h
金诚麦19号68.01±0.90bcd44.63±0.08gh849.67±2.08a13.83±0.06cd
新麦4569.35±0.24bcd43.93±0.48hij806.33±1.96gh15.17±0.12a
谷神麦1970.53±0.33ab41.08±0.13m811.00±0.00gh15.13±0.46a
均值AVG66.51±6.9747.63±4.29820.59±29.7512.78±1.26
极差R28.4315.00127.004.27
变异系数CV(%)10.489.003.639.87
), ArticleFig(id=1261343897763103342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

小麦品种籽粒性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种硬度指数(%)千粒重(g)容重(g/L)籽粒蛋白含量(%)
注:表中数据为均值±标准差;同列字母不同表示存在显著差异,P<0.05,表3~表5同。
森科09355.46±0.18ghi53.34±0.16a833.00±0.00cd11.77±0.15k
伟隆16974.58±0.12a43.84±0.56hij838.67±2.08bc11.33±0.06l
绵麦90246.15±0.38j50.44±0.51b726.33±0.58n11.03±0.06lm
豫保一号66.27±0.38cde46.59±0.04f808.67±2.31gh14.57±0.21b
扬辐麦8号54.47±0.14hij42.45±0.21kl833.00±1.00cd11.87±0.15jk
绵麦90763.09±0.42fg53.83±0.55a764.00±3.46lm11.90±0.10ijk
郑麦10370.25±0.16abc48.08±0.18cd786.00±0.94k12.97±0.06g
郑育麦1656.22±0.53gh53.44±0.06a821.67±2.31ef14.10±0.17c
郑麦17965.95±0.28cde42.29±1.01l850.33±0.58a12.20±0.10ij
周麦3663.80±0.27ef44.18±0.13ghi814.00±0.00fg13.40±0.10ef
扬麦3067.86±0.10bcd50.45±0.11b813.67±1.53fg11.20±0.10lm
宁麦1369.75±0.11bc38.83±0.10n853.33±4.04a12.33±0.06h
扬麦1550.79±0.20ij46.80±0.50ef770.00±0.00l12.27±0.12ij
开麦2165.93±0.12cde47.66±0.17de761.67±2.08m13.60±0.17de
苏科麦1号64.62±0.28de43.10±0.09jkl795.67±2.52ij13.20±0.17fg
扬麦2458.15±0.41g40.34±0.48m842.00±0.00b12.30±0.10hi
谷神麦2871.09±0.18ab45.10±0.18g836.33±1.15bc12.27±0.06ij
扬麦2969.35±0.05bcd42.54±0.55kl802.67±4.62hi10.90±0.00m
郑麦36970.47±0.23abc48.68±0.05c827.67±2.08de13.90±0.10cd
新麦5867.86±0.16cde43.33±0.08ijk792.00±2.00jk12.60±0.00h
金诚麦19号68.01±0.90bcd44.63±0.08gh849.67±2.08a13.83±0.06cd
新麦4569.35±0.24bcd43.93±0.48hij806.33±1.96gh15.17±0.12a
谷神麦1970.53±0.33ab41.08±0.13m811.00±0.00gh15.13±0.46a
均值AVG66.51±6.9747.63±4.29820.59±29.7512.78±1.26
极差R28.4315.00127.004.27
变异系数CV(%)10.489.003.639.87
), ArticleFig(id=1261343899549876855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Quality characteristics of flour from different wheat varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种出粉率(%)灰分含量(%)面粉蛋白含量(%)湿面筋含量(%)破损淀粉含量(UCDc)
森科09369.660.57±0.01fgh10.83±0.06k27.80±0.30gh21.00±0.00k
伟隆16972.090.63±0.01bcde10.85±0.05k19.00±0.00j25.80±0.00e
绵麦90265.980.50±0.01j9.70±0.00n20.25±1.75j20.15±0.35lm
豫保一号73.900.59±0.01efg13.57±0.06c36.40±0.40a20.00±0.10m
扬辐麦8号69.390.52±0.04ij10.30±0.10l24.55±0.55i18.45±0.15n
绵麦90773.360.64±0.01bc10.83±0.06k26.35±0.15h22.65±0.05h
郑麦10373.670.60±0.01cdef12.17±0.06g30.75±0.25cd22.10±0.20i
郑育麦1670.100.55±0.02hi12.93±0.06e35.25±0.45a18.45±0.15n
郑麦17974.080.56±0.01ghi11.43±0.06i29.70±1.30def22.80±0.20h
周麦3667.650.55±0.00hi12.60±0.10f31.95±0.95bc21.75±0.25ij
扬麦3070.580.57±0.02fgh9.63±0.06n20.20±0.66j16.35±0.05o
宁麦1369.690.57±0.01fgh11.40±0.05i28.25±0.55fg23.95±0.05g
扬麦1570.530.53±0.01ij10.90±0.06k27.20±0.20gh15.15±0.05p
开麦2172.220.61±0.03bcde12.63±0.06f30.00±0.40de20.40±0.20l
苏科麦1号69.210.59±0.02efg11.20±0.06j28.10±0.26fg21.60±0.00j
扬麦2471.610.56±0.00ghi10.00±0.00m23.45±0.15i18.10±0.00n
谷神麦2873.670.63±0.01bcde11.83±0.06h26.30±0.10h27.05±0.25d
扬麦2974.310.63±0.01bcde11.40±0.06i28.57±0.81efg27.45±0.05c
郑麦36964.330.60±0.00cdef12.90±0.10e32.90±0.00b28.90±0.00a
新麦5871.130.62±0.00bcde12.10±0.06g31.00±0.66cd25.85±0.05e
金诚麦19号73.650.60±0.01cdef13.20±0.06d30.75±0.65cd25.25±0.25f
新麦4571.070.65±0.00ab14.30±0.00b35.87±0.81a27.30±0.20cd
谷神麦1969.870.68±0.02a14.60±0.06a32.35±0.25bc28.00±0.10b
均值AVG71.16±3.670.59±0.0411.80±1.3928.56±4.8122.54±3.90
极差R9.980.184.9717.4013.75
变异系数CV(%)3.757.5411.7516.8317.32
), ArticleFig(id=1261343900409709189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同小麦品种面粉的品质特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种出粉率(%)灰分含量(%)面粉蛋白含量(%)湿面筋含量(%)破损淀粉含量(UCDc)
森科09369.660.57±0.01fgh10.83±0.06k27.80±0.30gh21.00±0.00k
伟隆16972.090.63±0.01bcde10.85±0.05k19.00±0.00j25.80±0.00e
绵麦90265.980.50±0.01j9.70±0.00n20.25±1.75j20.15±0.35lm
豫保一号73.900.59±0.01efg13.57±0.06c36.40±0.40a20.00±0.10m
扬辐麦8号69.390.52±0.04ij10.30±0.10l24.55±0.55i18.45±0.15n
绵麦90773.360.64±0.01bc10.83±0.06k26.35±0.15h22.65±0.05h
郑麦10373.670.60±0.01cdef12.17±0.06g30.75±0.25cd22.10±0.20i
郑育麦1670.100.55±0.02hi12.93±0.06e35.25±0.45a18.45±0.15n
郑麦17974.080.56±0.01ghi11.43±0.06i29.70±1.30def22.80±0.20h
周麦3667.650.55±0.00hi12.60±0.10f31.95±0.95bc21.75±0.25ij
扬麦3070.580.57±0.02fgh9.63±0.06n20.20±0.66j16.35±0.05o
宁麦1369.690.57±0.01fgh11.40±0.05i28.25±0.55fg23.95±0.05g
扬麦1570.530.53±0.01ij10.90±0.06k27.20±0.20gh15.15±0.05p
开麦2172.220.61±0.03bcde12.63±0.06f30.00±0.40de20.40±0.20l
苏科麦1号69.210.59±0.02efg11.20±0.06j28.10±0.26fg21.60±0.00j
扬麦2471.610.56±0.00ghi10.00±0.00m23.45±0.15i18.10±0.00n
谷神麦2873.670.63±0.01bcde11.83±0.06h26.30±0.10h27.05±0.25d
扬麦2974.310.63±0.01bcde11.40±0.06i28.57±0.81efg27.45±0.05c
郑麦36964.330.60±0.00cdef12.90±0.10e32.90±0.00b28.90±0.00a
新麦5871.130.62±0.00bcde12.10±0.06g31.00±0.66cd25.85±0.05e
金诚麦19号73.650.60±0.01cdef13.20±0.06d30.75±0.65cd25.25±0.25f
新麦4571.070.65±0.00ab14.30±0.00b35.87±0.81a27.30±0.20cd
谷神麦1969.870.68±0.02a14.60±0.06a32.35±0.25bc28.00±0.10b
均值AVG71.16±3.670.59±0.0411.80±1.3928.56±4.8122.54±3.90
极差R9.980.184.9717.4013.75
变异系数CV(%)3.757.5411.7516.8317.32
), ArticleFig(id=1261343901898687119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Pasting characteristics and mixing characteristics of different varieties of wheat flour

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种峰值黏度(cP)最低黏度(cP)衰减值(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)吸水率(%)形成时间(min)稳定时间(min)弱化度(FU)
森科0932692±35de2163±14abc529±6h1262±8f87.3±0.1a58.01.8±0.0ij1.5±0.0l113±0b
伟隆1692621±53de1977±35ef644±18f1399±4cde67.7±0.0fg58.51.7±0.1ij9.0±0.1e104±0c
绵麦9021454±22i755±1k699±23e945±44g84.0±0.5d52.51.7±0.1ij2.4±0.4kl97±7c
豫保一号2545±285def1497±152j1048±8a1274±66f67.8±0.0fg56.63.0±0.2g1.5±0.3l114±6b
扬辐麦8号3280±13a2222±12ab1058±1a1583±3a84.8±0.5c55.73.0±0.4g3.5±0.1ij79±3efg
绵麦9071019±6j409±2l610±2fg594±3h69.3±0.1de56.83.4±0.1g3.8±0.1hi91±1d
郑麦1032432±42ef1689±19i743±23d1244±54f69.3±0.3de57.53.0±0.2g1.5±0.0l122±1a
郑育麦162601±35de2119±30abcd482±6ij1513±30b86.4±0.0b57.53.3±0.5g1.5±0.0l122±4a
郑麦1792429±117fg1846±73fgh583±45fg1370±43e67.7±0.1fg58.74.1±0.1f1.6±0.1l120±6a
周麦362748±171d1821±124gh727±47e1391±41cde67.0±0.1gh57.64.8±0.1e2.9±0.2jk101±3c
扬麦302864±5c1797±0hi1067±5a1440±15bcd69.4±0.5d52.41.6±0.1j3.2±0.6ijk84±3def
宁麦133081±59bc2138±30abc943±29b1367±4e66.9±0.1gh62.65.1±0.1de3.7±0.0ij85±7def
扬麦153020±68bc2078±23bcde942±45b1380±9de84.7±0.1c53.82.4±0.1h4.6±0.3gh76±3gh
开麦212262±1g1406±7j856±6d1253±13f67.7±0.0fg57.45.6±0.4c4.7±0.3gh77±3gh
苏科麦1号3150±4ab2225±1a925±4c1381±2cde68.5±0.1ef60.64.9±0.1e4.9±0.0gh89±1de
扬麦242967±29bc2007±38cdef960±9b1473±16bc84.8±0.1c53.62.1±0.0hij4.9±0.7gh70±4h
谷神麦282226±8gh1686±23i540±15h1258±16f65.2±0.0j63.05.5±0.2cd8.1±0.0f56±4i
扬麦292495±7def1922±1fg573±2gh1391±4cde66.1±0.1hi61.62.2±0.0hi10.6±0.0d40±4j
郑麦3692100±37h1837±17fg263±20m1263±27f87.3±0.5a69.28.0±0.1a9.8±0.1e36±4j
新麦582729±74d2226±113a503±40hi1196±66f67.7±0.1fg63.03.4±0.3g11.8±0.1c50±1i
金诚麦19号2573±13de2105±4bcde468±9jk1276±2f68.6±0.1ef62.77.0±0.2b16.0±0.7b12±2l
新麦452382±24fg1986±8def396±16l1287±30f67.0±0.7gh67.56.0±0.1c16.8±0.1b4±1m
谷神麦192565±100def2111±61abcd454±40kl1512±81b66.1±0.0hi66.54.20±0.6f23.4±1.3a24±2.8k
均值AVG2532±5121836±457696±2361307±20473.1±8.659.3±4.63.80±1.806.59±2.4175±36
极差R2261181780498921.216.86.421.90129
变异系数CV(%)20.2024.9133.9115.6011.707.8246.9188.4648.06
), ArticleFig(id=1261343904079725215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同品种间小麦粉的糊化特性和混合特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种峰值黏度(cP)最低黏度(cP)衰减值(cP)回生值(cP)糊化温度(℃)吸水率(%)形成时间(min)稳定时间(min)弱化度(FU)
森科0932692±35de2163±14abc529±6h1262±8f87.3±0.1a58.01.8±0.0ij1.5±0.0l113±0b
伟隆1692621±53de1977±35ef644±18f1399±4cde67.7±0.0fg58.51.7±0.1ij9.0±0.1e104±0c
绵麦9021454±22i755±1k699±23e945±44g84.0±0.5d52.51.7±0.1ij2.4±0.4kl97±7c
豫保一号2545±285def1497±152j1048±8a1274±66f67.8±0.0fg56.63.0±0.2g1.5±0.3l114±6b
扬辐麦8号3280±13a2222±12ab1058±1a1583±3a84.8±0.5c55.73.0±0.4g3.5±0.1ij79±3efg
绵麦9071019±6j409±2l610±2fg594±3h69.3±0.1de56.83.4±0.1g3.8±0.1hi91±1d
郑麦1032432±42ef1689±19i743±23d1244±54f69.3±0.3de57.53.0±0.2g1.5±0.0l122±1a
郑育麦162601±35de2119±30abcd482±6ij1513±30b86.4±0.0b57.53.3±0.5g1.5±0.0l122±4a
郑麦1792429±117fg1846±73fgh583±45fg1370±43e67.7±0.1fg58.74.1±0.1f1.6±0.1l120±6a
周麦362748±171d1821±124gh727±47e1391±41cde67.0±0.1gh57.64.8±0.1e2.9±0.2jk101±3c
扬麦302864±5c1797±0hi1067±5a1440±15bcd69.4±0.5d52.41.6±0.1j3.2±0.6ijk84±3def
宁麦133081±59bc2138±30abc943±29b1367±4e66.9±0.1gh62.65.1±0.1de3.7±0.0ij85±7def
扬麦153020±68bc2078±23bcde942±45b1380±9de84.7±0.1c53.82.4±0.1h4.6±0.3gh76±3gh
开麦212262±1g1406±7j856±6d1253±13f67.7±0.0fg57.45.6±0.4c4.7±0.3gh77±3gh
苏科麦1号3150±4ab2225±1a925±4c1381±2cde68.5±0.1ef60.64.9±0.1e4.9±0.0gh89±1de
扬麦242967±29bc2007±38cdef960±9b1473±16bc84.8±0.1c53.62.1±0.0hij4.9±0.7gh70±4h
谷神麦282226±8gh1686±23i540±15h1258±16f65.2±0.0j63.05.5±0.2cd8.1±0.0f56±4i
扬麦292495±7def1922±1fg573±2gh1391±4cde66.1±0.1hi61.62.2±0.0hi10.6±0.0d40±4j
郑麦3692100±37h1837±17fg263±20m1263±27f87.3±0.5a69.28.0±0.1a9.8±0.1e36±4j
新麦582729±74d2226±113a503±40hi1196±66f67.7±0.1fg63.03.4±0.3g11.8±0.1c50±1i
金诚麦19号2573±13de2105±4bcde468±9jk1276±2f68.6±0.1ef62.77.0±0.2b16.0±0.7b12±2l
新麦452382±24fg1986±8def396±16l1287±30f67.0±0.7gh67.56.0±0.1c16.8±0.1b4±1m
谷神麦192565±100def2111±61abcd454±40kl1512±81b66.1±0.0hi66.54.20±0.6f23.4±1.3a24±2.8k
均值AVG2532±5121836±457696±2361307±20473.1±8.659.3±4.63.80±1.806.59±2.4175±36
极差R2261181780498921.216.86.421.90129
变异系数CV(%)20.2024.9133.9115.6011.707.8246.9188.4648.06
), ArticleFig(id=1261343905925218989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Texture characteristics and sensory score of noodles prepared from different wheat cultivar flours

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚性胶凝性(g)咀嚼性(g)回复性吸水率(%)蒸煮损失率(%)感官评分
森科0932322±206m0.91±0.01cde0.79±0.01bcd1827±237jk1669±83kl0.50±0.01cde109±2hi5.81±0.02b79±3fg
伟隆1693532±194ij0.92±0.01abcd0.73±0.01hi2596±200gh2395±217fg0.46±0.04efgh113±1gh5.72±0.05bc88±2ab
绵麦9023881±44fgh0.91±0.02cde0.68±0.01l2642±141fg2413±213fg0.40±0.01k105±1j5.37±0.04d75±2ij
豫保一号2812±191k0.90±0.01de0.74±0.02gh2085±264ij1878±226jk0.47±0.02defg105±4j5.36±0.09d85±3cd
扬辐麦8号4318±275def0.92±0.01abcd0.80±0.02abc3446±188c3170±247cd0.52±0.01abc115±1g5.52±0.04cd81±2ef
绵麦9074901±179bc0.92±0.01abcd0.71±0.01jkl3463±15c3190±68c0.44±0.02ijk111±1hi6.13±0.05a75±3ij
郑麦1033758±114hi0.92±0.02abcd0.72±0.02ij2695±92fg2478±73fg0.44±0.01ijk108±3ij6.14±0.13a86±2bcd
郑育麦163782±368hi0.89±0.00e0.77±0.01fg2900±383ef2571±208ef0.48±0.01def133±2a4.32±0.03g78±2gh
郑麦1793224±165jk0.90±0.02de0.73±0.01hi2347±97gh2112±118hi0.45±0.02hij128±1bc4.17±0.04gh89±1ab
周麦363554±227ij0.89±0.01e0.74±0.00gh2623±71fg2347±88fg0.46±0.00efgh133±5a3.31±0.11i87±2abc
扬麦303826±314ghi0.91±0.00cde0.82±0.01a3111±78de2828±200de0.53±0.01a122±3de4.02±0.03h74±1ij
宁麦132111±224m0.92±0.01abcd0.80±0.01abc1676±129k1538±137l0.50±0.01cde125±1cd4.04±0.14h75±2ij
扬麦151899±109m0.91±0.00cde0.82±0.01a1564±244k1427±165l0.53±0.02a123±1de4.22±0.04g75±1ij
开麦214012±138fgh0.89±0.02e0.72±0.02ij2896±175ef2588±216ef0.45±0.03hij131±3ab4.13±0.01gh85±1cd
苏科麦1号2620±169l0.91±0.01cde0.81±0.02ab2112±103ij1916±88ij0.53±0.01a122±5de5.11±0.11e73±2j
扬麦244200±120efg0.89±0.01e0.70±0.01kl2926±132ef2616±61ef0.42±0.01jk124±6de5.11±0.04e79±2fg
谷神麦284484±188de0.93±0.01ab0.77±0.01fg3462±69c3230±92bc0.50±0.01cde121±7ef4.57±0.09f87±2abc
扬麦293186±108jk0.94±0.00a0.76±0.01fgh2427±140gh2288±169gh0.50±0.02cde123±2de4.97±0.06e82±2de
郑麦3694639±327cd0.94±0.00a0.73±0.00hi3387±217cd3180±190cd0.53±0.02a122±2de4.64±0.25f90±2a
新麦584974±13b0.91±0.01cde0.73±0.01hi3652±77c3337±165bc0.47±0.01defg111±1hi4.12±0.00gh82±2de
金诚麦19号2910±66k0.91±0.02cde0.78±0.01cde2270±92hi2075±57hij0.49±0.01def115±2g4.73±0.30f80±1ef
新麦455231±116a0.88±0.01e0.75±0.01gh3921±10b3455±64ab0.48±0.01def114±5g4.69±0.30f80±1ef
谷神麦195400±114a0.85±0.02f0.76±0.01fgh4097±98a3490±231a0.50±0.01cde121±3ef4.72±0.10f81±2ef
均值AVG3721±9850.91±0.020.75±0.042788±7042530±6230.48±0.04119±24.82±0.0881.13±5.22
极差R3501.000.090.142533.002063.000.1328.002.8316.00
变异系数CV(%)26.412.215.1225.2324.637.567.6014.456.44
), ArticleFig(id=1261343907347088058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同品种小麦粉制得面条质构特性和感官评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种硬度(g)弹性(mm)内聚性胶凝性(g)咀嚼性(g)回复性吸水率(%)蒸煮损失率(%)感官评分
森科0932322±206m0.91±0.01cde0.79±0.01bcd1827±237jk1669±83kl0.50±0.01cde109±2hi5.81±0.02b79±3fg
伟隆1693532±194ij0.92±0.01abcd0.73±0.01hi2596±200gh2395±217fg0.46±0.04efgh113±1gh5.72±0.05bc88±2ab
绵麦9023881±44fgh0.91±0.02cde0.68±0.01l2642±141fg2413±213fg0.40±0.01k105±1j5.37±0.04d75±2ij
豫保一号2812±191k0.90±0.01de0.74±0.02gh2085±264ij1878±226jk0.47±0.02defg105±4j5.36±0.09d85±3cd
扬辐麦8号4318±275def0.92±0.01abcd0.80±0.02abc3446±188c3170±247cd0.52±0.01abc115±1g5.52±0.04cd81±2ef
绵麦9074901±179bc0.92±0.01abcd0.71±0.01jkl3463±15c3190±68c0.44±0.02ijk111±1hi6.13±0.05a75±3ij
郑麦1033758±114hi0.92±0.02abcd0.72±0.02ij2695±92fg2478±73fg0.44±0.01ijk108±3ij6.14±0.13a86±2bcd
郑育麦163782±368hi0.89±0.00e0.77±0.01fg2900±383ef2571±208ef0.48±0.01def133±2a4.32±0.03g78±2gh
郑麦1793224±165jk0.90±0.02de0.73±0.01hi2347±97gh2112±118hi0.45±0.02hij128±1bc4.17±0.04gh89±1ab
周麦363554±227ij0.89±0.01e0.74±0.00gh2623±71fg2347±88fg0.46±0.00efgh133±5a3.31±0.11i87±2abc
扬麦303826±314ghi0.91±0.00cde0.82±0.01a3111±78de2828±200de0.53±0.01a122±3de4.02±0.03h74±1ij
宁麦132111±224m0.92±0.01abcd0.80±0.01abc1676±129k1538±137l0.50±0.01cde125±1cd4.04±0.14h75±2ij
扬麦151899±109m0.91±0.00cde0.82±0.01a1564±244k1427±165l0.53±0.02a123±1de4.22±0.04g75±1ij
开麦214012±138fgh0.89±0.02e0.72±0.02ij2896±175ef2588±216ef0.45±0.03hij131±3ab4.13±0.01gh85±1cd
苏科麦1号2620±169l0.91±0.01cde0.81±0.02ab2112±103ij1916±88ij0.53±0.01a122±5de5.11±0.11e73±2j
扬麦244200±120efg0.89±0.01e0.70±0.01kl2926±132ef2616±61ef0.42±0.01jk124±6de5.11±0.04e79±2fg
谷神麦284484±188de0.93±0.01ab0.77±0.01fg3462±69c3230±92bc0.50±0.01cde121±7ef4.57±0.09f87±2abc
扬麦293186±108jk0.94±0.00a0.76±0.01fgh2427±140gh2288±169gh0.50±0.02cde123±2de4.97±0.06e82±2de
郑麦3694639±327cd0.94±0.00a0.73±0.00hi3387±217cd3180±190cd0.53±0.02a122±2de4.64±0.25f90±2a
新麦584974±13b0.91±0.01cde0.73±0.01hi3652±77c3337±165bc0.47±0.01defg111±1hi4.12±0.00gh82±2de
金诚麦19号2910±66k0.91±0.02cde0.78±0.01cde2270±92hi2075±57hij0.49±0.01def115±2g4.73±0.30f80±1ef
新麦455231±116a0.88±0.01e0.75±0.01gh3921±10b3455±64ab0.48±0.01def114±5g4.69±0.30f80±1ef
谷神麦195400±114a0.85±0.02f0.76±0.01fgh4097±98a3490±231a0.50±0.01cde121±3ef4.72±0.10f81±2ef
均值AVG3721±9850.91±0.020.75±0.042788±7042530±6230.48±0.04119±24.82±0.0881.13±5.22
极差R3501.000.090.142533.002063.000.1328.002.8316.00
变异系数CV(%)26.412.215.1225.2324.637.567.6014.456.44
), ArticleFig(id=1261343909465211589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Correlation between quality indexes of wheat and quality of white salt noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标硬度弹性内聚性胶凝性咀嚼性回复性吸水率蒸煮损失率感官评分
注:*、**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平上显著相关。
籽粒指标硬度0.2420.086−0.0220.2690.2790.0850.078−0.1110.519*
千粒重0.0180.147−0.110−0.0080.013−0.174−0.2270.285−0.288
容重−0.1540.0540.344−0.084−0.0830.2780.270−0.1650.347
籽粒蛋白含量0.279−0.609−0.0110.2960.2360.0050.140−0.1230.269
面粉指标出粉率−0.0870.031−0.028−0.088−0.0860.089−0.1050.2030.175
破损淀粉0.422*0.106−0.2000.417*0.431*−0.1010.501*0.0220.641**
灰分0.481*−0.141−0.1250.493*0.482*0.058−0.1040.133−0.486*
面粉蛋白含量0.291−0.473−0.0520.3080.2600.0140.504*−0.532*0.484*
湿面筋0.099−0.307−0.0320.1000.0670.0060.158−0.2540.425*
糊化特性峰值黏度−0.415*0.1240.661**−0.308−0.3330.630**0.316−0.323−0.097
最低黏度−0.245−0.1470.598**−0.138−0.1630.578**0.309−0.3260.192
衰减值−0.431*−0.0170.295−0.402−0.4110.2540.0230.007−0.602**
回生值−0.192−0.2590.498*−0.089−0.1250.491*0.485*−0.3800.216
糊化温度−0.1270.251−0.013−0.154−0.130−0.145−0.0350.195−0.204
混合特性吸水率0.348−0.0190.0560.3830.3800.1130.066−0.1620.587**
形成时间0.203−0.0150.0420.2220.226−0.0050.300−0.3630.299
稳定时间0.493*−0.3670.0500.538**0.501*0.173−0.047−0.510*0.390
弱化度−0.426*0.087−0.101−0.473*−0.469*−0.194−0.0140.208−0.280
), ArticleFig(id=1261343910807388883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

小麦品质指标与白盐面条品质间的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标硬度弹性内聚性胶凝性咀嚼性回复性吸水率蒸煮损失率感官评分
注:*、**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平上显著相关。
籽粒指标硬度0.2420.086−0.0220.2690.2790.0850.078−0.1110.519*
千粒重0.0180.147−0.110−0.0080.013−0.174−0.2270.285−0.288
容重−0.1540.0540.344−0.084−0.0830.2780.270−0.1650.347
籽粒蛋白含量0.279−0.609−0.0110.2960.2360.0050.140−0.1230.269
面粉指标出粉率−0.0870.031−0.028−0.088−0.0860.089−0.1050.2030.175
破损淀粉0.422*0.106−0.2000.417*0.431*−0.1010.501*0.0220.641**
灰分0.481*−0.141−0.1250.493*0.482*0.058−0.1040.133−0.486*
面粉蛋白含量0.291−0.473−0.0520.3080.2600.0140.504*−0.532*0.484*
湿面筋0.099−0.307−0.0320.1000.0670.0060.158−0.2540.425*
糊化特性峰值黏度−0.415*0.1240.661**−0.308−0.3330.630**0.316−0.323−0.097
最低黏度−0.245−0.1470.598**−0.138−0.1630.578**0.309−0.3260.192
衰减值−0.431*−0.0170.295−0.402−0.4110.2540.0230.007−0.602**
回生值−0.192−0.2590.498*−0.089−0.1250.491*0.485*−0.3800.216
糊化温度−0.1270.251−0.013−0.154−0.130−0.145−0.0350.195−0.204
混合特性吸水率0.348−0.0190.0560.3830.3800.1130.066−0.1620.587**
形成时间0.203−0.0150.0420.2220.226−0.0050.300−0.3630.299
稳定时间0.493*−0.3670.0500.538**0.501*0.173−0.047−0.510*0.390
弱化度−0.426*0.087−0.101−0.473*−0.469*−0.194−0.0140.208−0.280
), ArticleFig(id=1261343913416245981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Eigenvalue and contribution rate of principal components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分初始特征值提取载荷平方和
特征值(λ方差百分比(%)累计(%)特征值(λ方差百分比(%)累计(%)
18.28430.68230.6828.28430.68230.682
25.43420.12450.8065.43420.12450.806
32.6029.63760.4442.6029.63760.444
42.1487.95468.3982.1487.95468.398
51.8096.70075.0971.8096.70075.097
61.6155.98081.0771.6155.98081.077
), ArticleFig(id=1261343914905223916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

主成分的特征值与方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分初始特征值提取载荷平方和
特征值(λ方差百分比(%)累计(%)特征值(λ方差百分比(%)累计(%)
18.28430.68230.6828.28430.68230.682
25.43420.12450.8065.43420.12450.806
32.6029.63760.4442.6029.63760.444
42.1487.95468.3982.1487.95468.398
51.8096.70075.0971.8096.70075.097
61.6155.98081.0771.6155.98081.077
), ArticleFig(id=1261343917912539894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Principal component load matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主成分1主成分2主成分3主成分4主成分5
硬度0.6820.133−0.568−0.088−0.125
千粒重−0.323−0.5320.273−0.2370.212
容重0.2290.602−0.2610.1310.170
籽粒蛋白含量0.6540.1790.528−0.404−0.498
出粉率0.0860.001−0.624−0.240−0.498
灰分0.787−0.1580.401−0.052−0.173
面粉蛋白含量0.7930.134−0.248−0.444−0.120
湿面筋0.5720.188−0.349−0.583−0.031
破损淀粉0.833−0.1290.346−0.0100.310
峰值黏度−0.1440.9130.0030.212−0.125
最低黏度0.1590.8920.1440.1940.097
衰减值−0.6780.2810.0790.079−0.455
回生值0.0570.838−0.1340.302−0.131
糊化温度−0.454−0.058−0.5560.2300.484
吸水率0.8880.190−0.028−0.0820.358
形成时间0.6720.146−0.170−0.2930.312
稳定时间0.8310.089−0.0700.1580.024
弱化度−0.704−0.0920.004−0.274−0.198
硬度0.616−0.506−0.2240.488−0.206
弹性−0.275−0.1360.5470.0530.615
内聚性−0.1470.7620.0780.0490.190
胶凝性0.638−0.386−0.2150.541−0.195
咀嚼性0.618−0.416−0.1660.559−0.137
回复性−0.0230.7120.1650.1250.053
面条吸水率0.0960.507−0.3080.017−0.113
蒸煮损失率−0.201−0.5100.3520.0230.104
感官评分0.684−0.006−0.1510.1300.071
), ArticleFig(id=1261343919514764036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

主成分载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标主成分1主成分2主成分3主成分4主成分5
硬度0.6820.133−0.568−0.088−0.125
千粒重−0.323−0.5320.273−0.2370.212
容重0.2290.602−0.2610.1310.170
籽粒蛋白含量0.6540.1790.528−0.404−0.498
出粉率0.0860.001−0.624−0.240−0.498
灰分0.787−0.1580.401−0.052−0.173
面粉蛋白含量0.7930.134−0.248−0.444−0.120
湿面筋0.5720.188−0.349−0.583−0.031
破损淀粉0.833−0.1290.346−0.0100.310
峰值黏度−0.1440.9130.0030.212−0.125
最低黏度0.1590.8920.1440.1940.097
衰减值−0.6780.2810.0790.079−0.455
回生值0.0570.838−0.1340.302−0.131
糊化温度−0.454−0.058−0.5560.2300.484
吸水率0.8880.190−0.028−0.0820.358
形成时间0.6720.146−0.170−0.2930.312
稳定时间0.8310.089−0.0700.1580.024
弱化度−0.704−0.0920.004−0.274−0.198
硬度0.616−0.506−0.2240.488−0.206
弹性−0.275−0.1360.5470.0530.615
内聚性−0.1470.7620.0780.0490.190
胶凝性0.638−0.386−0.2150.541−0.195
咀嚼性0.618−0.416−0.1660.559−0.137
回复性−0.0230.7120.1650.1250.053
面条吸水率0.0960.507−0.3080.017−0.113
蒸煮损失率−0.201−0.5100.3520.0230.104
感官评分0.684−0.006−0.1510.1300.071
), ArticleFig(id=1261343922522080012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Cluster analysis and statistical value of quality index of white salt noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标第一类第二类第三类第四类
注:同行字母不同表示存在显著差异,P<0.05。
硬度(g)60.16±7.27bc66.14±5.66ab54.26±11.98c69.51±1.25a
千粒重(g/千粒)45.04±5.36b46.58±3.70ab52.14±2.40a44.18±2.39b
容重(g/L)820.10±29.05a811.57±30.27a745.17±26.64b817.95±20.53a
籽粒蛋白含量(%)12.13±0.62ab13.17±1.11ab11.47±0.62b13.40±1.57a
灰分(%)0.56±0.02b0.58±0.03ab0.57±0.10b0.63±0.03a
面粉蛋白含量(%)10.61±0.65b12.31±0.92a10.27±0.80b12.90±1.22a
破损淀粉(UCDc)19.23±3.11b21.24±1.70b21.40±1.77b27.11±1.24a
峰值黏度(cP)3007.71±192.30a2519.71±159.14b1236.50±30.59c2438.57±217.79b
最低黏度(cP)2090.00±150.64a1793.57±271.76a582.00±244.65b1981.85±184.19a
衰减值(cP)917.71±180.80a726.14±186.00ab654.50±62.93bc456.71±103.23c
回生值(cP)1412.28±100.21a1349.14±97.86a769.50±248.19b1311.85±105.62a
吸水率(%)56.67±3.85b57.68±0.71b54.65±3.04b64.78±2.90a
形成时间(min)2.98±1.44ab3.64±1.29ab2.55±1.20b5.18±2.04a
稳定时间(min)3.70±1.25b2.67±1.04b3.10±1.00b13.78±5.30a
弱化度(FU)85.14±13.80b108.57±16.30a94.00±4.24ab32.70±17.07c
硬度(g)3042.28±737.10b3525.85±399.45ab4391.00±721.24a4403.42±981.32a
内聚性0.79±0.04a0.74±0.02b0.70±0.02c0.75±0.02ab
胶凝性(g)2380.28±765.62a2592.71±293.24a3053.50±581.06a3317.21±707.06a
咀嚼性(g)2166.28±695.07b2338.42±259.06ab2802.55±549.42ab3008.34±579.51a
回复性0.50±0.04a0.46±0.01bc0.42±0.03c0.48±0.02ab
面条吸水率(%)120.12±5.83ab121.57±12.40a108.25±4.24b118.14±4.70ab
蒸煮损失率(%)4.85±0.89a4.57±1.13b5.50±0.71a4.86±0.38a
感官评价77.57±3.04c85.14±3.84a75.00±0.00c80.42±3.59b
), ArticleFig(id=1261343923469992725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1261343844877123691, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

聚类分析与白盐面条品质指标统计值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标第一类第二类第三类第四类
注:同行字母不同表示存在显著差异,P<0.05。
硬度(g)60.16±7.27bc66.14±5.66ab54.26±11.98c69.51±1.25a
千粒重(g/千粒)45.04±5.36b46.58±3.70ab52.14±2.40a44.18±2.39b
容重(g/L)820.10±29.05a811.57±30.27a745.17±26.64b817.95±20.53a
籽粒蛋白含量(%)12.13±0.62ab13.17±1.11ab11.47±0.62b13.40±1.57a
灰分(%)0.56±0.02b0.58±0.03ab0.57±0.10b0.63±0.03a
面粉蛋白含量(%)10.61±0.65b12.31±0.92a10.27±0.80b12.90±1.22a
破损淀粉(UCDc)19.23±3.11b21.24±1.70b21.40±1.77b27.11±1.24a
峰值黏度(cP)3007.71±192.30a2519.71±159.14b1236.50±30.59c2438.57±217.79b
最低黏度(cP)2090.00±150.64a1793.57±271.76a582.00±244.65b1981.85±184.19a
衰减值(cP)917.71±180.80a726.14±186.00ab654.50±62.93bc456.71±103.23c
回生值(cP)1412.28±100.21a1349.14±97.86a769.50±248.19b1311.85±105.62a
吸水率(%)56.67±3.85b57.68±0.71b54.65±3.04b64.78±2.90a
形成时间(min)2.98±1.44ab3.64±1.29ab2.55±1.20b5.18±2.04a
稳定时间(min)3.70±1.25b2.67±1.04b3.10±1.00b13.78±5.30a
弱化度(FU)85.14±13.80b108.57±16.30a94.00±4.24ab32.70±17.07c
硬度(g)3042.28±737.10b3525.85±399.45ab4391.00±721.24a4403.42±981.32a
内聚性0.79±0.04a0.74±0.02b0.70±0.02c0.75±0.02ab
胶凝性(g)2380.28±765.62a2592.71±293.24a3053.50±581.06a3317.21±707.06a
咀嚼性(g)2166.28±695.07b2338.42±259.06ab2802.55±549.42ab3008.34±579.51a
回复性0.50±0.04a0.46±0.01bc0.42±0.03c0.48±0.02ab
面条吸水率(%)120.12±5.83ab121.57±12.40a108.25±4.24b118.14±4.70ab
蒸煮损失率(%)4.85±0.89a4.57±1.13b5.50±0.71a4.86±0.38a
感官评价77.57±3.04c85.14±3.84a75.00±0.00c80.42±3.59b
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黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种白盐面条加工适宜性研究
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孙航航 1 , 王建立 1 , 关二旗 *, 1, 2 , 张影全 3
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(9): 331-341
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食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026, 47(9): 331-341
黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种白盐面条加工适宜性研究
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孙航航1 , 王建立1, 关二旗*, 1, 2 , 张影全3
作者信息
  • 1.河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001
  • 2.河南工业大学粮油食品学院省部级科研平台,河南郑州 450001
  • 3.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部粮油加工综合利用技术集成实验室,北京 100193
  • 孙航航(1997−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:小麦加工理论与应用,E-mail:

通讯作者:

关二旗(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物科学技术及农产品质量与食物安全,E-mail:
Suitability Assessment of Major Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Varieties for Processing White Salt Noodle
Hanghang SUN1 , Jianli WANG1, Erqi GUAN*, 1, 2 , Yingquan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 3.Institute of Food Science and Technology CAAS, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-05-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050209
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为系统探究黄淮冬麦区不同品种小麦制作白盐面条的适宜性,本研究选取23个品种小麦,运用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等统计学方法,对籽粒品质、面粉理化特性、糊化特性和混合特性以及白盐面条食用品质进行了综合评估。结果表明,不同品种小麦在硬度指数、湿面筋含量、破损淀粉含量、黏度、衰减值、稳定时间和弱化度等方面存在显著差异,且各品质指标的变异系数亦呈现明显的差异。通过相关性分析可知,籽粒硬度、面粉蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和吸水率与白盐面条感官品质呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果显示,小麦籽粒品质评价指标可由5个主成分因子进行降维,累计方差贡献率为75.097%,能够用来解释原始变量的大部分信息,其中第1主成分(反映面粉品质和混合特性)和第2主成分(反映小麦籽粒品质和糊化特性)在小麦品种品质评价方面占据着主要作用。结合聚类分析结果,可将23个小麦品种划分为4个类别,其中第二类小麦品种制得白盐面条的硬度、咀嚼性和胶凝性适中的同时具有较低的蒸煮损失率而且感官评分最高,更适宜于白盐面条的制作。第二类小麦品种具体包括:郑育麦16、周麦36、伟隆169、郑麦179、郑麦103、豫保一号和开麦21,其品种指标阈值如下:面粉蛋白含量10.85%~12.93%、峰值黏度2262.00~2748.00 cP、最低黏度1406.00~2021.00 cP、稳定时间1.5~4.7 min、硬度2812.00~4012.00 g、咀嚼性1878~2588 g、蒸煮损失率3.31%~5.36%。

黄淮冬麦区  /  小麦品种  /  流变特性  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析  /  品质评价

In order to systematically explore the slated noodle-making suitability of various wheat varieties, twenty-three varieties of wheat predominantly cultivated in Huang-Huai winter wheat region were selected and their grain qualities, flour physicochemical properties, pasting and mixing properties, as well as the resultant white-salt noodles quality were comprehensively evaluated using the multiple statistical methods like correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in hardness index, wet gluten contents and damaged starch contents, viscosity and breakdown value, and the corresponding dough’s stabilization time and weakening degree among different varieties of wheat. Likewise, the variation coefficients among these quality indexes also showed obvious differences. Correlation analysis indicated that kernel hardness, flour protein contents, wet gluten contents, and water absorption exhibited significant positive correlations (P<0.05) with the sensory quality of white salt noodles. Principal component analysis showed that the evaluation index of wheat grain quality could be dimensionally reduced by five principal component factors, with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.097%, which could be used to explain most information of original variables, among which the first principal component (reflecting flour quality and mixing characteristics) and the second principal component (reflecting wheat grain quality and gelatinization characteristics) played a major role in wheat variety evaluation. Combined with the results of cluster analysis, 23 wheat varieties could be divided into 4 categories. Among these, the white salt noodles made by the second wheat variety had moderate hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, the lowest cooking loss rate and the highest sensory score, underscoring its suitability for making white salt noodles. The second type of wheat varieties specifically included: Zhengyumai 16, Zhoumai 36, Weilong 169, Zhengmai 179, Zhengmai 103, Yubao No.1 and Kaimai 21, and their variety index thresholds were as follows: protein content 10.85%~12.93%, peak viscosity 2262.00~2748.00 cP, minimum viscosity 1406.00~2021.00 cP, stability time 1.5~4.7 min, hardness 2812.00~4012.00 g, chewiness 1878~2588 g and cooking loss rate 3.31%~5.36%.

Huang-Huai winter wheat region  /  wheat varieties  /  rheological characteristics  /  principal component analysis  /  cluster analysis  /  quality evaluation
孙航航, 王建立, 关二旗, 张影全. 黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种白盐面条加工适宜性研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (9) : 331 -341 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050209
Hanghang SUN, Jianli WANG, Erqi GUAN, Yingquan ZHANG. Suitability Assessment of Major Huang-Huai Winter Wheat Varieties for Processing White Salt Noodle[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (9) : 331 -341 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050209
黄淮冬麦区(山东省、河南省、河北省中南部、陕西省关中平原、山西省南部、甘肃省天水市、江苏省北部和安徽省淮河以北)作为我国重要的小麦主产区,其种植面积约占全国小麦总面积的40%,产量约占小麦年产量的60%[12]。此外,该地区还是全国小麦加工的核心区域,小麦加工转化率超过75%,主食产业化率达60%以上,在保障我国主食原料安全稳定供应方面具有举足轻重的地位[34]。根据农业农村部发布的《中国小麦品质区划分方案(试行)》,黄淮冬麦区北部被划为强、中筋小麦产区,南部则以生产中筋小麦为主;此外,不同地区根据自身的生态条件又逐步形成弱筋小麦产区。然而,由于地理位置与气候环境的制约,黄淮冬麦区长期存在“强筋不强,弱筋不弱”的结构性矛盾,严重影响了小麦的后续加工和面制品的食用品质[57]。随着人民生活水平的提高、食品工业的发展以及消费者对食品品质高质量的需求,面制品加工企业对小麦原粮品质及其加工适宜性的关注日益增加。已有的研究表明,不同面制品对小麦籽粒特性的要求不尽相同:面包制作需要强筋小麦,馒头和面条大多选用中筋小麦,而饼干和糕点则多选用弱筋小麦[810]。小麦容重、湿面筋含量和吸水率,以及面团的稳定时间是评估小麦品种品质的重要指标[11]。因此,要提升不同小麦品种在面制品制作中的适宜性,不仅需要了解小麦品种籽粒质量及其食品制作的适宜性,还需要深入分析不同面制品对小麦籽粒和面粉质量的具体要求。
面条作为我国传统面制主食之一,约消耗全国小麦年产量的40%[1213]。在过去十年里,中国面条生产设备和技术水平得到快速提升,面条产业已初具现代食品工业特征,尤其是干面条产业,创下连续15年年产量快速增长的良好发展趋势[1415]。然而,我国面条行业正面临“高产低质”的挑战,市场上超过90%的面条产品在弹性和爽口性方面表现不理想[1617]。其原因是多方面的,其中最关键的是小麦品种的籽粒特性和面粉加工品质存在较大差异。由于小麦品种繁多且更新换代快,导致面条制品的黏弹性、爽口性、耐泡性以及耐冷藏性等现代食品制造业重点关注的品质质量极不稳定。如何从众多品种小麦中筛选出适合制作工业化面条的小麦,以满足工业化面条专用粉的生产需求、稳定小麦粉及面条制品品质,一直是行业关心的核心问题,也是育种方向的重要理论依据[18]
因此,本研究选用黄淮冬麦区种植面积>50万公顷的23个主栽小麦品种籽粒作为原料,测定分析小麦品种籽粒性状、面粉理化指标及流变学特性,对不同品种小麦制成白盐面条的质构特性及感官品质进行综合评估。通过统计分析,明确小麦籽粒性状、面粉品质特性与面条质地和感官品质之间的相关性,筛选适宜制作白盐面条的小麦品种,以期为黄淮冬麦区小麦育种工作及高品质白盐面条的工业化生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。
23个小麦品种(2023年采集和2024年测定):新麦45、新麦58 新乡市农业科学院小麦研究所;绵麦902、绵麦907 绵阳市农业科学院小麦研究所;伟隆169 陕西杨凌伟隆农业科技有限公司;扬麦15、扬麦24、扬辐麦8号 江苏金土地种业有限公司;扬麦30 江苏润扬种业股份有限公司;郑麦103、郑育麦16 河南豫研种子科技有限公司;谷神麦19、谷神麦28 安徽谷神种业有限公司;金诚麦19 河南金苑种业股份有限公司;开麦21 河南九圣禾新科种业有限公司;宁麦13 江苏中禾种业有限公司;森科093、郑麦179 河南金梦种业有限公司;郑麦369 河南省立黍种业科技有限公司;苏科麦1号 江苏苏乐种业科技有限公司;扬麦29 江苏省大华种业集团有限公司;豫保一号 焦作市博农种子有限责任公司;周麦36 河南周园种业有限公司;硼酸、碘化钾、氯化钠 分析纯,天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司。
JYD-100×40型小麦硬度指数测定仪 布勒粮食检验仪器无锡有限公司;HGT-1000A型容重器 上海东方衡器有限公司;MLU-202型实验磨粉机 瑞士Buhler公司;IM9500型近红外谷物品质分析仪、RVA-TecMaster快速粘度分析仪、Mixolab2型混合试验仪 瑞典波通仪器公司;SD-matic破损淀粉仪 法国肖邦仪器有限公司;JHMA-200型针式和面机 北京四环科学仪器有限公司;JMTD-168/140型试验面条机 北京东孚久恒仪器技术有限公司;DHG-9246A型电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;TA-XT Plus质构仪 英国SMS公司。
小麦籽粒硬度根据国标GB/T 21304-2007《小麦硬度测定 硬度指数法》进行测定;千粒重根据国标GB/T 5519-2018《谷物与豆类 千粒重的测定》进行测定;容重根据国标GB/T 5498-2013《粮油检验 容重测定》进行测定;籽粒蛋白含量根据国标GB/T 24898-2010采用近红外谷物品质分析仪进行测定。
小麦籽粒参照标准NY/T 1094.1-2006《小麦实验制粉 第1部分:设备、样品制备和润麦》进行润麦以及采用实验磨粉机进行磨粉,同时把筛下物1B、2B、3B、1M、2M、3M和筛上物粗麸、细麸的质量分别命名为M1B、M2B、M3B、M1M、M2M、M3M、MBc、MBf,出粉率的计算如公式(1)所示:
$\begin{split} & 出粉率(\text{%})=\\&\frac{{\text{M}}_{\text{1B}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{2B}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{3B}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{1M}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{2M}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{3M}}}{{\text{M}}_{\text{1B}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{2B}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{3B}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{1M}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{2M}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{3M}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{Bc}}\text+{\text{M}}_{\text{Bf}}}\text{×100} \end{split}$
灰分含量参照国标GB 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》进行测定;面粉蛋白含量根据国标GB/T 24898-2010采用近红外谷物品质分析仪进行测定。
湿面筋含量参照国标GB/T 5506.1-2008《小麦和小麦粉 面筋含量 第1部分:手洗法测定湿面筋》进行测定。
破损淀粉含量参照国标GB/T 31577-2015《粮油检验 小麦粉损伤淀粉测定 安培计法》进行测定。
采用快速粘度仪(RVA),参照国标GB/T 24853-2010《小麦、黑麦及其粉类和淀粉糊化特性测定 快速粘度仪法》对面粉的糊化特性进行测定。
采用混合试验仪,参照国标GB/T 37511-2019《粮油检验 小麦粉面团流变学特性测试 混合试验仪法》对面粉的混合特性进行测定。
面条制作:参照GB/T 35875-2018《粮油检验 小麦粉面条加工品质评价》制作白盐面条。具体流程为:准确称取100.0 g面粉,加入适量的蒸馏水,使得面团的最终水分含量为35%(2 g食盐),采用针式和面机和面7 min,将面絮于恒温恒湿箱(35 ℃、湿度85%)中醒发30 min;醒发结束后的面絮,依次通过轧距为4.0、3.0、2.0、1.25 mm的试验面条机进行压延、切条。
面条熟制:将21根(长×宽×高:20 cm×2 mm×1.25 mm)面条在500 mL的沸水中煮制并开始计时。从4 min开始每隔10 s取出面条,观察其内部有无白芯,白芯消失的时间为面条的最佳蒸煮时间。
参照轩毫毫等[17]的方法并适当修改。将煮至最佳蒸煮时间的面条捞出后,放在冷水中冷却30 s,然后用湿纱布吸干其表面的水分,取3根面条平行放在载物台上。测定参数:HDP/PFS探头;测前速度:2.0 mm/s;测试速度:0.8 mm/s;测后速度:2 mm/s;压缩比例:75%,每组数据做7次平行。
参照王贝贝等[18]的方法对鲜湿面条吸水率和蒸煮损失率进行测定,并略作修改。吸水率测定:将21根鲜湿面条放在沸水中煮制最佳蒸煮时间后捞出,然后放入400 mL蒸馏水中冷却30 s,用滤纸吸干水分称重,此时记为m1,吸水率的计算如公式(2)所示:
$ 吸水率(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{0}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{0}}}\text{×100} $
式中:m0为21根生鲜面条的质量(g),m1为熟面条的质量(g)。
蒸煮损失率测定:将测完吸水率后的剩余面汤加热蒸发掉大部分的水分,然后把烧杯放入105 ℃的烘箱中烘干,直到烧杯的质量不再发生改变,此时称重并计算出面汤中的干物质的质量m2,蒸煮损失率的计算如公式(3)所示:
$ 蒸煮损失率(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{0}}}\text{×100} $
由12名(男、女各6名,年龄组成为20~30岁)经过专业培训后的人员对23种白盐面条进行感官评分,面条感官评分标准参考来思彤等[19]的方法并稍作修改,见表1
本实验中的数据除特别标注外均采用3次平行实验的均值。采用Microsoft Excel 2019进行数据统计分析,包括平均值、极差、变异系数和变幅等;SPSS软件进行相关性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析。
黄淮冬麦区的23个主栽小麦品种的数据结果如表2所示。根据国标GB 1351-2023以容重作为分级标准,可将该区小麦品种划分为不同等级。其中,绵麦902、绵麦907、郑麦103、扬麦15、开麦21这5个品种(占总数的5/23)被判定为二级小麦,其余品种均符合一级小麦标准。变异系数能够反映小麦籽粒性状的波动程度,但其受到小麦品种的遗传特性、生长环境以及储藏条件等因素的综合影响[20]。通过进一步分析不同品种的硬度指数可知,其均值为66.51%,变化范围为46.15%~74.58%,变异系数为10.48%。在23个品种中,仅有11个品种的千粒重达到或超过45 g[16];籽粒蛋白含量的均值为12.78%,变化范围为10.90%~15.17%,变异系数为9.87%。当小麦籽粒蛋白含量和硬度指数的变异系数接近或者在10%以上时[21],表明23个主栽小麦品种质量性状差异较大,样品具有较好的代表性。
不同品种间小麦粉的品质特性如表3所示。小麦粉出粉率均值为71.16%±3.67%,极差9.98,变异系数3.75%;灰分均值0.59%±0.04%,极差0.18,变异系数7.54%,其中绵麦902灰分含量最低,为0.50%;粗蛋白均值11.80%±1.39%,极差4.97,变异系数11.75%,谷神麦19粗蛋白含量最高,为14.60%,而扬麦30的粗蛋白含量最低,为9.63%;湿面筋均值28.56%±4.81%,极差17.40,变异系数16.83%,豫保一号湿面筋含量最高,为36.40%,伟隆169最低,为19.00%;破损淀粉均值22.54±3.90 UCDc,极差13.75,变异系数17.32%,郑麦369破损淀粉含量最高,为28.90 UCDc,扬麦15则最低,为15.15 UCDc。综合来看,不同品种间小麦粉在面粉蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、破损淀粉含量这三项指标上,其变异系数均大于10%,这表明黄淮冬麦区主栽小麦品种间的品质特性存在显著性差异。
不同小麦品种间小麦粉的糊化特性和混合特性如表4所示。不同品种小麦粉的峰值黏度变化范围为1019 (绵麦907)~3280 cP(扬辐麦8号),变异系数为20.20%,这可能是蛋白质和淀粉在有限的水分子中相互作用的结果;最低黏度的变化范围为409~2226 cP,变异系数为24.91%。衰减值是指膨胀的淀粉颗粒应对热和剪切作用的阻力,其值越高表明淀粉糊的热稳定性越强[22]。衰减值的变化范围为263~1067 cP,变异系数高达33.91%;扬麦30的衰减值最高,郑麦369最低,这表明扬麦30淀粉颗粒糊化后膨胀程度最高,郑麦369淀粉颗粒糊化后强度最高,不易破裂。回生值的高低反映了淀粉糊老化程度的难易,其值越高,表明淀粉越容易老化。回生值的变化范围为594~1583 cP,扬辐麦8号回生值最高,绵麦907淀粉最不易老化。不同品种小麦粉的形成时间、稳定时间和弱化度的变异系数分别为46.91%、88.46%和48.06%。其中新麦45的弱化度最低为4 FU;对于稳定时间来讲,其均值为6.59±2.41 min,变异系数最高为88.46%,其中森科093、豫保一号、郑麦103和郑育麦16的稳定时间最短为1.50 min,而谷神麦19的稳定时间最长为23.40 min。稳定时间是衡量小麦粉筋力的关键指标,反映了面团的耐搅拌能力,时间越长,说明面团的耐搅拌能力和筋力越强[2325]。根据GB 17320-2013,以稳定时间作为划分依据,黄淮麦区的小麦品种中,稳定时间≥8.00 min的强筋小麦品种占比为8/23;而中筋小麦品种中,稳定时间≥3.00 min且<8.00 min的样品占比同样为8/23。总体来看,峰值黏度、最低黏度、衰减值、形成时间、稳定时间和弱化度等指标的变异系数较大,这表明不同小麦品质性状间的差异比较大,样品具有较高的多样性和代表性,这与姜兰芳等[26]的研究结果相一致。
TPA质构分析采用两次压缩模式来模拟人类咀嚼过程,以此测定样品的硬度、弹性、内聚性及咀嚼性等质地参数。由表5可知,白盐面条的硬度、胶凝性、咀嚼性具有较高的变异系数,分别为26.41%、25.23%和24.63%。硬度是指面条在压缩过程中发生的最大力,其与断裂强度相关。硬度变化范围为1899~5400 g,其中新麦45和谷神麦19的硬度最高,森科093、宁麦13和扬麦15的硬度最低;胶凝性的变化范围为1564~4097 g。咀嚼性是反映面条在咀嚼过程中表现出的韧性、弹性和持续抵抗性的综合指标,其变化范围为1427~3490 g;谷神麦的咀嚼性最高为3490 g,扬麦15的咀嚼性最低为1427 g。此外,弹性、内聚性、回复性和感官评分的变异系数均低于10%,表明这些指标受到小麦品种品质变化的影响相对较小。白盐面条的蒸煮特性显示,吸水率的变化范围为105%~133%;蒸煮损失率的变化范围为3.31%~6.14%,其中绵麦907和郑麦103的蒸煮损失率最高,但面条在熟制过程中几乎无断条现象,这表明所选小麦品种制作而成的面条具有良好的蒸煮特性。感官评价显示,23份白盐面条样品的综合得分介于73~90分,平均值为81.13,变异系数为6.44%。其中14份(占60.9%)达到“良好面条”标准(80~90分)[2627],表明这些品种在制作白盐面条方面具有较强的应用潜力。
不同品种间小麦粉的理化指标与白盐面条之间的皮尔逊相关系数如表6所示。通过对数据进行分析可知,硬度、破损淀粉、灰分、面粉蛋白含量以及湿面筋含量均会显著影响白盐面条的感官评分;面粉蛋白含量与面条吸水率呈显著正相关,但与蒸煮损失率呈显著负相关(P<0.05);峰值黏度和最低黏度与白盐面条的内聚性和回复性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);衰减值与硬度、感官评分呈负相关;回生值与内聚性、回复性呈正相关;稳定时间与白盐面条的硬度、咀嚼性、胶凝性呈正相关,而弱化度则相反,这与索婷等[28]的研究结果一致。综上所述,小麦粉品质指标与白盐面条质构特性、蒸煮特性和感官评分均具有明显的相关性。小麦粉中破损淀粉和面粉蛋白含量的升高会增加鲜湿面条吸水率,使得面筋蛋白在充分吸收水分子后与淀粉之间形成更加致密的蛋白-淀粉复合网络结构,进而提升白盐面条的食用品质。衰减值反映了淀粉在糊化过程中的破碎程度,是预测食品加工品质的一个关键指标,其与白盐面条的感官评分呈负相关,而吕锐等[29]的研究指出衰减值的大小与面条的感官评分呈正相关,这表明适中的衰减值有助于形成良好的质构,而过高或过低都可能带来品质劣变(如发黏、回生快等)。稳定时间延长反映面团韧性增强、面筋网络强度提升,从而赋予面团更优的加工适宜性;弱化度则反映了面团的耐机械力破坏的程度,其值越大表明面粉的筋力越弱[30],因此可以看出弱化度与白盐的面条质构特性和感官评价呈负相关。相关性分析结果阐明了小麦粉的理化特性与白盐面条的质地和感官品质间的关系,为选择适宜的小麦品种制作面条提供了理论依据。
主成分分析是一种多变量降维统计方法,通过线性变换将具有相关性的多个变量压缩为少数独立的综合指标,在最大限度保留原始信息的前提下实现数据可视化[3133]。小麦粉指标各因素间信息互相重叠导致相关系数不能完全真实反映指标与结果之间的相关性,故采用主成分分析法对小麦粉各指标进行主成分提取,进而对白盐面条品质特性进行研究。23个小麦品种的主成分分析结果如表7所示,前5个主成分的方差百分比为30.682%、20.124%、9.637%、7.954%和6.700%,累计贡献率达到75.097%,基本能够反映不同小麦品种指标所具有的信息,故提取5个主成分对原有的27个指标进行降维。
第1主成分的特征值λ1=8.284,对小麦粉品质贡献率最大,达到30.682%,所对应的特征向量中(表8),特征值较高的指标性状依次是吸水率、破损淀粉、稳定时间、面粉蛋白含量和灰分等;主成分1主要反映了面粉品质和混合特性。第2主成分的特征值λ2=5.434,对总体的贡献率为20.124%,该因子主要与峰值黏度、最低黏度、回生值、内聚性、回复性、容重、千粒重、面条吸水率和蒸煮损失率等相关;主成分2主要反映了小麦籽粒品质和糊化特性。第3主成分的特征值λ3=2.602,对总体的贡献率为9.637%,其主要与出粉率和糊化温度相关;第4主成分的特征值λ4=2.148,对总体的贡献率为7.954%,其与湿面筋含量呈负相关;第5主成分特征值为1.809,对总体的贡献率为6.700%,其与面条的弹性呈正相关。主成分1和2包含了绝大部分指标,其可在白盐面条加工适宜性品质筛选工作中作为重要参考依据。
根据主成分分析结果,采用Ward法对小麦品种进行系统聚类分析,结果如图1表9所示。当类间距设定为10时,23种小麦样品被划分为4类,其中第一类包括宁麦13、苏科麦1号、森科093、扬麦15、扬辐麦8号、扬麦30和扬麦24;第二类涵盖了郑育麦16、周麦36、伟隆169、郑麦179、郑麦103、豫保一号和开麦21;第三类为绵麦902和绵麦907;第四类则包括新麦45、谷神麦19、谷神麦28等7个样品。李翠翠等[34]的研究指出,良好的面筋质量能够一定程度上改善面条的食用品质,但蛋白质含量过高会导致面条外观品质劣化,感官评分下降。大量的研究指出白盐面条的品质由多个指标共同决定[35],包括中等蛋白质含量、中等偏高的黏弹性、中等硬度偏上的小麦,这些因素的共同作用下,使面条质地适当坚硬、口感爽滑筋道[36]。通过对聚类结果的显著性分析可知:第二类小麦品种在千粒重、面粉蛋白质含量、峰值黏度、硬度及咀嚼性等指标上均处于中等水平,而且具有较低的蒸煮损失率,但是其感官评分却显著高于其他类别(P<0.05),表明该组品种在协调多项理化性状的同时,仍具备最优的食用品质(表9)。因此,第二类小麦品种在制作白盐面条方面更为适宜,具体品种包括:郑育麦16、周麦36、伟隆169、郑麦179、郑麦103、豫保一号和开麦21。
本研究对黄淮冬麦区23个主栽小麦品种的籽粒特性、理化特性、流变特性及白盐面条品质特性进行了系统的测定与分析。研究结果显示,不同品种小麦籽粒和面粉在品质指标上存在显著差异,这表明黄淮麦区小麦品种的遗传多样性比较丰富,并且所选样品具有较好的代表性。通过相关性分析发现,籽粒硬度、湿面筋含量和吸水率与白盐面条的食用品质之间存在显著正相关;面粉蛋白含量和面条吸水率呈显著正相关,而与蒸煮损失率呈显著负相关;峰值黏度和最低黏度的增加会增强面条质构特性,而衰减值的升高则会降低白盐面条的感官评分。为简化数据结构并提取关键信息,本研究采用主成分分析法对23个小麦品种信息进行降维处理,共提取出6个主成分,累计方差贡献率达到81.077%,其中第1主成分(面粉品质和混合特性)和第2主成分(小麦籽粒品质和糊化特性)在小麦品种评价方面占据着主要作用。此外,采用Ward法对小麦品种进行系统聚类分析,可将样品划分为4类。其中,第二类小麦品种在破损淀粉含量、面粉蛋白含量、稳定时间、硬度和咀嚼性等方面表现中等偏上,且具有较低蒸煮损失率的同时拥有更高的感官评分,因此更适宜用于制作白盐面条。该类小麦品种包括郑育麦16、周麦36、伟隆169、郑麦179、郑麦103、豫保一号和开麦21,其品种指标阈值如下:面粉蛋白含量10.85%~12.93%、峰值黏度2262.00~2748.00 cP、最低黏度1406.00~2021.00 cP、稳定时间1.5~4.7 min、硬度2812.00~4012.00 g、咀嚼性1878~2588 g,蒸煮损失率3.31%~5.36%。本研究可为筛选适宜加工优质白盐面条的小麦品种提供理论依据。
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2026年第47卷第9期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050209
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-05-13
  • 出版时间:2026-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
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    1.河南工业大学粮油食品学院,河南郑州 450001
    2.河南工业大学粮油食品学院省部级科研平台,河南郑州 450001
    3.中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部粮油加工综合利用技术集成实验室,北京 100193

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关二旗(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:谷物科学技术及农产品质量与食物安全,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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