Article(id=1320882619122828240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050132, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747324800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852557210, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852557210, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852557210, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852557210, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=456, endPage=467, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882619340932049, articleId=1320882619122828240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Immunomodulatory Effects of β-Glucan on Intestinal Barrier Injury Induced by Alcohol Exposure, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: This study aimed to examine the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan on the compromised intestinal barrier caused by alcohol exposure and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A murine model of alcohol consumption was used to assess the impact of β-glucan on biochemical parameters in serum and intestinal tissues, as well as on the pathological morphology of intestinal tissues. Mice were administered β-glucan through gavage at varying concentrations (low dose, 0.1 g/mL; high dose, 0.2 g/mL) once daily. Results: Compared with the levels in model group, mice receiving both low and high doses of β-glucan exhibited a significant increase in the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin (IL)-10, with a notable decrease in IL-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, β-glucan treatment significantly modulated Escherichia coli levels in both tissues and cecal contents, while downregulating lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, β-glucan markedly ameliorated the pathological alterations in intestinal tissues, preserved the structural integrity and functionality of goblet cells, and inhibited apoptosis. It also facilitated the regulatory expression of intestinal barrier proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-1, while suppressing IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway activation, thereby protecting the intestinal tract. Conclusion: β-glucan exerts a protective effect on the alcohol-damaged intestinal barrier, effectively enhancing intestinal barrier function in mice, regulating Escherichia coli levels, and inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway activation and apoptosis.

, authors=Zhidong ZHANG1, Zihan QIU1, Niansheng LI1, Zhicheng PANG1, Yanran LI2, Lili WANG1, 3, Xiuquan XU1, 3, Yuzhu GE1, 3, *, authorsList=Zhidong ZHANG, Zihan QIU, Niansheng LI, Zhicheng PANG, Yanran LI, Lili WANG, Xiuquan XU, Yuzhu GE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuzhu GE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882623094834148, articleId=1320882619122828240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下肠道屏障损伤的免疫调节作用, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:本研究旨在探讨β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下受损肠道屏障的免疫调节作用及其作用机制。方法:本研究建立小鼠酒精摄入模型,采用低剂量(0.1 g/mL)和高剂量(0.2 g/mL)的β-葡聚糖每日一次灌胃干预,通过酶联免疫吸附试验、平板计数法、免疫组化和Western blot等方法评估β-葡聚糖对血清和肠组织生化指标、肠道组织病理形态的影响。同时,分析其在调节肠道细菌、维护屏障功能及调节炎症反应的作用。结果:与Alcohol组相比,β-葡聚糖高、低剂量组小鼠的SIgA、IL-10水平显著升高,IL-6明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);能显著调节组织及盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌水平,并下调LPS、DAO水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。同时,β-葡聚糖能够显著改善肠道组织的病理变化,维护杯状细胞的结构和功能,并抑制细胞凋亡;同时加强肠道屏障ZO-1和Claudin-1蛋白的表达,抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路的激活,从而共同发挥保护肠道的作用。结论:β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下受损肠道屏障具有保护作用,能有效增强小鼠肠道屏障功能并调节大肠杆菌水平,抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路激活与细胞凋亡。

, authors=张治东1, 邱子涵1, 李年生1, 庞志诚1, 李艳冉2, 王利利1, 3, 徐秀泉1, 3, 葛雨竹1, 3, *, authorsList=张治东, 邱子涵, 李年生, 庞志诚, 李艳冉, 王利利, 徐秀泉, 葛雨竹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=葛雨竹, authorNote=

张治东(2004−),男,本科,研究方向:药物分析,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
葛雨竹(1996−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:活性成分抗炎与免疫调节作用,E-mail:。
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World Science and Technology-Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2024, 26(11): 2798−2805., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882623392629733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882623413601254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, companyId=1320882623392629733, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882623438767079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, companyId=1320882623392629733, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1亳州学院中药学院,安徽亳州 236800)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882623552013288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882623572984809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, companyId=1320882623552013288, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882623598150634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, companyId=1320882623552013288, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2安徽中医药大学药学院,安徽合肥 230000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882623757534187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882623778505708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, companyId=1320882623757534187, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of TCM Raw Material Products Research and Development of Anhui Provincial Universities, Bozhou 236800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882623799477229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, companyId=1320882623757534187, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3中药原料产品研发安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽亳州 236800)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882630313230370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of β-glucan on body weight and organ index of alcohol-exposed mice, figureFileSmall=ECWDp+47oOysN1QYZqIdKw==, figureFileBig=WhU9fJjdlodyPPFvFlZWQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882630413893667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图1, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠体重与脏器指数的影响

注:A. 小鼠体重变化率;B. 小鼠肝脏指数变化;C. 小鼠脾脏指数变化;*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=ECWDp+47oOysN1QYZqIdKw==, figureFileBig=WhU9fJjdlodyPPFvFlZWQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882630652968996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of β-glucan on the intestinal tissue pathology of alcohol-exposed mice, figureFileSmall=wApbPqKWQomeiB753fVg1Q==, figureFileBig=QVLQEZ1jys3lcTx/74LKhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882630736855077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图2, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠肠组织病理的影响, figureFileSmall=wApbPqKWQomeiB753fVg1Q==, figureFileBig=QVLQEZ1jys3lcTx/74LKhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882630942375974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of β-glucan on the nuclear status of intestinal tissue cells and goblet cells in alcohol-exposed mice, figureFileSmall=Vq+25LAdanA71BEWTN1/qg==, figureFileBig=stYJLYowL1tRII694TBO3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631064010791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图3, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠肠组织细胞核状态与杯状细胞的影响, figureFileSmall=Vq+25LAdanA71BEWTN1/qg==, figureFileBig=stYJLYowL1tRII694TBO3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631311474728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of β-glucan on intestinal barrier permeability in alcohol exposed mice, figureFileSmall=QkjdPoHagHuyrHL1ZBa+Iw==, figureFileBig=AuF01COXnG+aQX+6kj7Mqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631399555113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图4, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠肠道屏障通透性的影响

注:A. 小鼠血清LPS水平;B. 小鼠血清DAO水平;与Alcohol组的相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=QkjdPoHagHuyrHL1ZBa+Iw==, figureFileBig=AuF01COXnG+aQX+6kj7Mqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631504412714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of β-glucan on inflammatory factors in alcohol exposed mice, figureFileSmall=2foIHwj/+bafpVQZBG/tgQ==, figureFileBig=+2nPqCJ/5lq4po8m+qj5gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631827374123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图5, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠炎症因子等的影响

注:A. 小鼠肠组织IL-6 水平;B. 小鼠肠组织IL-10水平;C. 小鼠肠组织SIgA水平;D. 小鼠血清 IL-6水平;E. 小鼠血清 IL-10水平;与Alcohol组的相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=2foIHwj/+bafpVQZBG/tgQ==, figureFileBig=+2nPqCJ/5lq4po8m+qj5gA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631915454508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of β-glucan on fecal and organ bacterial load in mice, figureFileSmall=O9vrIZLepkaB0ZxFayagmA==, figureFileBig=ioqWP40X+owrtTvmZaSQ8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882631990951981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图6, caption=β-葡聚糖对小鼠粪便及器官载菌量的影响

注:A. 小鼠粪便细菌数量;B. 小鼠器官载菌量;与Alcohol组的相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=O9vrIZLepkaB0ZxFayagmA==, figureFileBig=ioqWP40X+owrtTvmZaSQ8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882632095809582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of β-glucan on the expression levels of intestinal barrier proteins in alcohol exposed mice (200×), figureFileSmall=0P5hgyCtCRDP/jsO33YgLQ==, figureFileBig=0pBepqdjyzRpi58k/iZUgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882632179695663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图7, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠肠道屏障蛋白表达水平的影响(200×)

注:与Alcohol组的相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=0P5hgyCtCRDP/jsO33YgLQ==, figureFileBig=0pBepqdjyzRpi58k/iZUgQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882632280358960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of β-glucan on intestinal immune regulation in alcohol exposed mice, figureFileSmall=eSkXKqcVaUYKIwIOA8rbbQ==, figureFileBig=qmEc2lff0vFO+xWENYSbUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882632368439345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882619122828240, language=CN, label=图8, caption=β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露小鼠肠道免疫调节的作用

注:A. PPI网络;B~D为各组小鼠肠组织IL-6、p-STAT3免疫印迹结果及表达水平;与Alcohol组的相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001。

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β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下肠道屏障损伤的免疫调节作用
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张治东 1 , 邱子涵 1 , 李年生 1 , 庞志诚 1 , 李艳冉 2 , 王利利 1, 3 , 徐秀泉 1, 3 , 葛雨竹 1, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(10): 456-467
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (10) : 456 -467
β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下肠道屏障损伤的免疫调节作用
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张治东1 , 邱子涵1, 李年生1, 庞志诚1, 李艳冉2, 王利利1, 3, 徐秀泉1, 3, 葛雨竹1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1亳州学院中药学院,安徽亳州 236800
  • 2安徽中医药大学药学院,安徽合肥 230000
  • 3中药原料产品研发安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽亳州 236800
通讯作者:
葛雨竹(1996−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:活性成分抗炎与免疫调节作用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张治东(2004−),男,本科,研究方向:药物分析,E-mail:

Immunomodulatory Effects of β-Glucan on Intestinal Barrier Injury Induced by Alcohol Exposure
Zhidong ZHANG1 , Zihan QIU1, Niansheng LI1, Zhicheng PANG1, Yanran LI2, Lili WANG1, 3, Xiuquan XU1, 3, Yuzhu GE1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
  • 2School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230000, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of TCM Raw Material Products Research and Development of Anhui Provincial Universities, Bozhou 236800, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050132
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目的:本研究旨在探讨β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下受损肠道屏障的免疫调节作用及其作用机制。方法:本研究建立小鼠酒精摄入模型,采用低剂量(0.1 g/mL)和高剂量(0.2 g/mL)的β-葡聚糖每日一次灌胃干预,通过酶联免疫吸附试验、平板计数法、免疫组化和Western blot等方法评估β-葡聚糖对血清和肠组织生化指标、肠道组织病理形态的影响。同时,分析其在调节肠道细菌、维护屏障功能及调节炎症反应的作用。结果:与Alcohol组相比,β-葡聚糖高、低剂量组小鼠的SIgA、IL-10水平显著升高,IL-6明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);能显著调节组织及盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌水平,并下调LPS、DAO水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。同时,β-葡聚糖能够显著改善肠道组织的病理变化,维护杯状细胞的结构和功能,并抑制细胞凋亡;同时加强肠道屏障ZO-1和Claudin-1蛋白的表达,抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路的激活,从而共同发挥保护肠道的作用。结论:β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下受损肠道屏障具有保护作用,能有效增强小鼠肠道屏障功能并调节大肠杆菌水平,抑制IL-6/STAT3信号通路激活与细胞凋亡。

β-葡聚糖  /  酒精暴露  /  肠道屏障  /  免疫调节  /  IL-6/STAT3通路

Objective: This study aimed to examine the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan on the compromised intestinal barrier caused by alcohol exposure and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A murine model of alcohol consumption was used to assess the impact of β-glucan on biochemical parameters in serum and intestinal tissues, as well as on the pathological morphology of intestinal tissues. Mice were administered β-glucan through gavage at varying concentrations (low dose, 0.1 g/mL; high dose, 0.2 g/mL) once daily. Results: Compared with the levels in model group, mice receiving both low and high doses of β-glucan exhibited a significant increase in the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A and interleukin (IL)-10, with a notable decrease in IL-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, β-glucan treatment significantly modulated Escherichia coli levels in both tissues and cecal contents, while downregulating lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, β-glucan markedly ameliorated the pathological alterations in intestinal tissues, preserved the structural integrity and functionality of goblet cells, and inhibited apoptosis. It also facilitated the regulatory expression of intestinal barrier proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-1, while suppressing IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway activation, thereby protecting the intestinal tract. Conclusion: β-glucan exerts a protective effect on the alcohol-damaged intestinal barrier, effectively enhancing intestinal barrier function in mice, regulating Escherichia coli levels, and inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway activation and apoptosis.

β-glucan  /  alcohol exposure  /  intestinal barrier  /  immune regulation  /  IL-6/STAT3 pathway
张治东, 邱子涵, 李年生, 庞志诚, 李艳冉, 王利利, 徐秀泉, 葛雨竹. β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下肠道屏障损伤的免疫调节作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 456 -467 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050132
Zhidong ZHANG, Zihan QIU, Niansheng LI, Zhicheng PANG, Yanran LI, Lili WANG, Xiuquan XU, Yuzhu GE. Immunomodulatory Effects of β-Glucan on Intestinal Barrier Injury Induced by Alcohol Exposure[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 456 -467 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050132
中国酒文化源远流长,但长期或急性饮酒会带来各种潜在风险,除肝脏病变,还会引发肠道屏障损伤、菌群失衡及全身性炎症反应,甚至通过“肠-肝轴”“肠-脑轴”等机制影响其他器官功能,增加代谢综合征、神经系统病变等疾病风险[1]。近年来,酒精对肠道的损伤机制研究逐渐清晰。肠道作为机体消化吸收的主要部位,由物理、化学、免疫和微生物四重屏障构成。健康状态下,肠道菌群维持稳定,发挥维持屏障、调控免疫等作用[2−3]。然而,酒精摄入会破坏这一平衡,导致菌群失调和屏障功能受损,使肠腔中的细菌及其成分(如脂多糖)通过门静脉和淋巴系统进入血循环,从而威胁生命安全[4−5]。酒精对肠道的损伤体现在多方面:以剂量依赖的方式损害上皮细胞结构,破坏微管骨架,诱导氧化应激,促进有毒介质的释放;同时,导致紧密连接蛋白如ZO-1和Claudin-1表达下降,增强肠道通透性[6−8]。此外,酒精还会改变菌群的代谢功能,导致有益的短链脂肪酸(Short-Chain Fatty Acids,SCFAs)尤其是丁酸盐的减少,而有害物质如LPS的水平升高,进一步加剧屏障受损并诱发肠源性败血症等严重并发症。菌群结构的变化还表现为变形菌门的增多以及产丁酸盐菌的减少,色氨酸代谢物和胆汁酸生成亦下降,这些变化均不利于肠道屏障的维护[9−11]。有研究指出,酒精激发促炎因子IL-6的升高,激活非受体酪氨酸激酶( Janus Kinase,JAK),进而促进信号转导和转录激活因子(Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription,STAT)的磷酸化,介导炎症反应的发生[12]。此外,近年来的研究显示,酒精引起的菌群失调会导致SCFAs(尤其是丁酸盐)显著减少,而这些代谢物通过调控IL-22/STAT3信号通路,促进肠道屏障的修复[13−14]。Yin等[15]研究进一步表明,热灭活的约氏乳杆菌可以改善酒精引起的菌群失调,尤其是增加丁酸盐产生菌(如Faecalibaculum rodentium)的丰度,激活IL-22/STAT3轴,从而协同修复酒精刺激下的肠道屏障和肝脏损伤。这一系列研究突显了免疫分子在酒精诱发的菌群-肠屏障调控中的关键作用,为相关疾病的防治提供了新的理论基础。
目前,针对菌群-肠屏障的临床干预措施中,虽然包括利用益生菌和谷氨酰胺等方法,但均存在一定的局限性。具体而言,益生菌的作用时间较短且菌株具有较强的特异性,难以实现对肠道菌群的长期有效调控;而谷氨酰胺的疗效则受到个体差异的显著影响,其在持续抑制炎症反应方面的效果有限,从而难以实现肠道屏障功能的持续修复与维持[16−18]。相比之下,近年来崭露头角的β-葡聚糖作为一种具有多重生物活性的可溶性膳食纤维,其在免疫调节、菌群平衡和抗炎方面展现出广阔的潜力[19]。不同来源的β-葡聚糖结构差异明显,例如酵母来源为β-(1→3)/(1→6)分支结构,蘑菇来源含β-(1→3)主链与β-(1→6)侧链,而燕麦来源的β-葡聚糖具有线性β-(1→3)/(1→4)链结构。这种独特结构赋予燕麦源β-葡聚糖优异的超吸收水凝胶特性和高生物利用度,能够定向促进双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的繁殖,显著增加SCFAs生成,调节菌群生态,改善肠道屏障[20−24]。此外,燕麦β-葡聚糖在临床及动物模型中均显示出良好的安全性和多重益处[25−27],不仅可以促进肠道健康,提高有益菌的相对丰度,改善菌群多样性,还能增强肠道的通透性和免疫功能,从而有效修复肠道屏障。这为其在酒精性肠损伤等相关疾病中的应用提供了坚实的理论基础。
本研究首次系统评估燕麦β-葡聚糖对酒精暴露下肠道屏障的保护作用,并从其靶向IL-6/STAT3通路的免疫调节角度,深入探究肠道屏障保护机制,为该领域研究提供新的视角。此外,本研究力求为将燕麦β-葡聚糖开发为功能性饮品(如发酵乳、谷物复合饮料)或营养补充剂(如肠溶胶囊、速溶粉剂)等产品提供重要理论指导价值,还为精准干预酒精性肠损伤提供了切实可行的产品方案,应用推广潜力较大。
SPF级KM雄性小鼠(6~8周龄,28~32 g) 40只,济南朋悦实验动物繁育有限公司,质量合格证号NO.37072662211010521129,生产许可号:SCXK(鲁)2022-0006,由安徽中医药大学实验动物福利伦理委员会授权(伦理号AHUCM-mouse- 20250005);β-葡聚糖 Sigma公司;H&E染色液、Hoechst33258染液 飞净生物;麦康凯培养基 比克曼生物科技有限公司;免疫组化抗体Claudin-1、ZO-1 博士德生物工程有限公司;β-Actin、HRP标记羊抗兔IgG 武汉塞维尔科技有限公司;IL-6、STAT3、p-STAT3 Affinity亲和生物公司。
SpectraMax iD3酶标仪 美谷分子仪器(上海);YD-12P单吊篮组织脱水机、YD-6L生物组织冷冻包埋机、YD-315轮转式切片机 金华市益迪医疗设备有限公司;JW-2019HR台式高速离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;SPL-150生化培养箱 天津市莱玻特瑞仪器设备有限公司;Axio Vert. a1倒置显微镜 德国蔡司;DYCZ-24DN垂直电泳槽、DYCZ-40D转印电泳槽、DYY-6C电泳仪电源 北京六一生物科技有限公司;Tanon5200蛋白质印迹成像系统 上海天能生命科学有限公司。
小鼠适应性饲养5 d后,按质量随机分为对照组(Control)、酒精暴露组(Alcohol)和β-葡聚糖高、低剂量组(0.2 g/mL,β-H、0.1 g/mL,β-L)[28],每组8只。Control组小鼠连续14 d给生理盐水,β-H、β-L组小鼠每日灌胃一次β-葡聚糖,除Control外,其余组小鼠均每日灌胃56°红星二锅头白酒(12 mL/kg)[29]。末次红星二锅头白酒灌胃16 h后麻醉,取血清与各组织备用。
适应性喂养后,每隔1 d称小鼠体重并记录;取肝、脾组织称其质量并计算脏器指数,计算公式如下:
$ \rm 脏器指数(\text{%})=脏器湿重(g)/小鼠体重(g)\times 100$
4%多聚甲醛固定小鼠小肠和结肠组织,石蜡包埋、病理学切片(4 μm),按照常规HE染色操作步骤进行病理学染色[30]。
按PAS染色试剂盒说明书步骤进行染色。PAS染色中,黏蛋白2(MUC2)呈现深红色或紫红色作为评估肠黏膜屏障完整性的有效标志。
对小肠石蜡切片进行Hoechst 33258染色,步骤如下:切片脱蜡、水化后用PBS冲洗,确保完全水化。将切片置于湿盒中,加入Hoechst 33258染色液避光孵育10~30 min。PBS洗涤切片去除未结合的染料,抗荧光衰减的封片剂封片。在荧光显微镜上观察细胞核的蓝光荧光,以评估细胞核的形态和数量。
血清中LPS和DAO含量可作为肠道屏障通透性的标识物,采用酶联免疫吸附试剂盒检测小鼠血清中LPS和DAO含量。
按照酶联免疫吸附试剂盒说明书检测小鼠血清及肠组织IL-10和IL-6水平,检测小鼠肠组织sIgA浓度。
无菌收集各组小鼠粪便、肝脏和肾脏等组织,精密称量后置于无菌预冷PBS缓冲液中,研磨仪匀浆。无菌PBS缓冲液稀释,涂布于麦康凯琼脂添加剂的琼脂平板,培养24 h后(37 ℃)菌落计数。
肠组织石蜡切片于3%过氧化氢室温孵育,PBS洗涤后滴加封闭液,室温孵育20 min。滴加对应一抗,4 ℃孵育过夜;PBS洗涤3次,每次5 min;滴加二抗,37 ℃孵育30 min;PBS洗涤3次,每次5 min。滴加DAB进行显色,随后常规脱水透明,中性树脂封片后显微镜下观察并拍照,利用Image J软件分析。
以“Beta-Glucan”为关键词于PubChem平台确定其碳骨架,结合使用Swiss TargetPrediction和SyMmap平台对β-葡聚糖作用靶点进行预测。由String数据库检索蛋白交互关系,导出交互关系文件后通过Cytoscape软件中Analyze Network插件,根据Eccentricity值筛选出关键调控靶点并可视化。
预冷PBS冲洗肠组织,蛋白裂解液环境中低温研磨粉碎,12000 r/min离心15 min,采用试剂盒测定总蛋白的浓度。蛋白样品中加入上样缓冲液,100 ℃煮沸5 min,置于−80 ℃冰箱保存备用。SDS-PAGE电泳分离蛋白质,配制10%分离胶和5%浓缩胶,上样后以80 V电压电泳至溴酚蓝进入分离胶,调整电压至120 V继续电泳至溴酚蓝抵达凝胶底部。随后进行蛋白转膜:IL-6采用0.22 μm孔径PVDF膜,其余蛋白采用0.45 μm孔径PVDF膜。PVDF膜经甲醇活化、转膜缓冲液平衡后,冰浴条件下以300 mA恒流转膜,其中IL-6转膜30 min,其余蛋白转膜60 min。转膜完成后,PVDF膜用无蛋白快速封闭液封闭0.5 h,经TBST洗涤后,分别与一抗4 ℃孵育过夜(β-actin 1:15000,STAT3 1:1500,p-STAT3 1:1000,IL-6 1:1000)。TBST洗涤后,加入1:8000稀释的二抗室温孵育1 h,再次用TBST洗涤。最后通过ECL化学发光法显影,采用Image J软件分析条带灰度值。
各组数据均以x±SD表示,使用GraphPad Prism 9.5软件进行单因素方差分析及绘图,采用Tukey’s事后检验,P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
如图1A所示,实验周期内,各组小鼠体重呈较稳定的增加趋势,在实验第14 d,Alcohol组小鼠因酒精干预,体重变化率明显小于Control组(P<0.01);而经 β-H、β-L干预后,小鼠体重变化率较Alcohol组显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。肝指数、脾指数分别是评估肝脏、脾脏病理损伤及免疫功能的经典指标,肝指数异常升高常与肝脏负担加重相关,脾指数下降可能提示免疫功能受到消极影响[31]。从图1B、图1C可知,与Control组相比,Alcohol组的肝脏指数显著上升(P<0.01),脾指数明显下降(P<0.001);与Alcohol组相比,β-H、β-L干预后下调肝指数(P<0.05),上调脾指数(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结果说明饮用酒精会增加小鼠的肝脏负担且可能导致免疫功能降低,而β-葡聚糖可能对饮用酒精起到预防保护肝脏及增强免疫力的作用。这与钟美玲等[32]发现苦瓜总皂苷能显著提高急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肝指数的研究结果类似。而马微微等[33]也证实了免疫功能低下小鼠的脾指数会出现明显下降,使用复合益生菌和低聚果糖干预后能够有效促进免疫器官的功能恢复,进而增强小鼠免疫力并改善机体整体免疫功能。
回肠、结肠组织病理形态是评估肠道屏障结构完整性的直观依据。如图2所示,Control组肠道黏膜具备完整绒毛、腺体及黏液层,保障消化吸收与屏障功能。与Control组对比,Alcohol组回肠绒毛紊乱、部分脱落,结肠黏膜变薄、腺体结构破碎,炎细胞广泛浸润,提示酒精显著破坏肠道黏膜结构。β-葡聚糖干预下,β-L组回肠绒毛形态有所修复,紊乱程度减轻;结肠黏膜厚度部分恢复,腺体破损减少,但仍可见少量炎细胞残留,说明低剂量β-葡聚糖可一定程度改善酒精诱导的肠道黏膜损伤,但修复作用有限。β-H组回肠绒毛排列更接近Control组,结构规整性显著提升;结肠黏膜层、腺体完整性更好,炎细胞浸润减少,黏液层厚度恢复明显,提示高剂量β-葡聚糖对肠道黏膜结构的修复更全面,损伤改善更彻底。从病理结果看高剂量β-葡聚糖在回肠绒毛完整性、结肠黏膜厚度及腺体修复程度上,优于低剂量组。
PAS染色用于检测小鼠肠组织中的杯状细胞数量,帮助评估黏液分泌和黏膜的保护功能;Hoechst染色则用于观察细胞核,检测细胞凋亡情况,显示细胞核浓染和碎片,有助于评估肠组织的上皮细胞损伤程度。由图3可知,与Control组比,Alcohol组小鼠的PAS染色显示杯状细胞数量明显减少,黏液分泌降低;Hoechst染色发现Alcohol组细胞凋亡增加,细胞核出现浓染、碎裂或凋亡体。与Alcohol组比,β-L组PAS染色杯状细胞数量有所增多,黏液层厚度部分恢复;Hoechst染色中凋亡细胞核减少,但仍可见散在浓染点。β-H组PAS染色杯状细胞密度接近Control组,黏液层连续且厚;Hoechst染色细胞核均匀淡染,凋亡体极少。结果显示高剂量β-葡聚糖对杯状细胞保护、黏液分泌恢复更显著,细胞凋亡抑制更彻底,表明β-葡聚糖具有减轻酒精引起的肠道上皮细胞损伤和保护黏膜完整性的作用。
LPS是肠道菌群代谢产生的内毒素,其水平升高通常提示肠道通透性增大后内毒素易位增加;DAO主要存在于肠道黏膜上皮细胞中,当肠道黏膜受损时,DAO释放入血的量增多,因此其水平升高可反映肠道黏膜损伤程度。这两项指标结合可有效监测肠道屏障功能。结果如图4A、图4B所示,与Control组比,Alcohol组小鼠血清LPS与DAO水平均明显上升(P<0.0001),这与之前的研究结果一致,说明饮用酒精会增加小鼠的肠道通透性,破坏肠道屏障功能[34]。与Alcohol组相比,β-葡聚糖干预后LPS和DAO水平均呈现下降趋势,但β-H组与β-L组的效果存在一定差异:β-H组LPS水平下降31.34%,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);β-L组LPS水平下降比例更高,达50.39%,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。β-H组DAO水平显著下降24.84%(P<0.01),β-L组DAO水平下降46.14%,差异更为显著(P<0.001)。研究结果表明,在降低LPS和DAO水平方面,β-葡聚糖未呈现随剂量增加效果增强的剂量依赖性趋势,但仍具积极有效地预防肠道黏膜损伤,保护肠道屏障完整的潜力。这与红芪多糖通过调节大鼠LPS、DAO水平发挥肠黏膜屏障保护作用的结论相似[35]。
在酒精暴露引发的炎症损伤过程中,IL-6和IL-10作为一对功能拮抗的细胞因子,共同参与炎症平衡的调控[36]。作为黏膜免疫的核心抗体成分,分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)具有中和病原体的关键作用:当肠道细菌穿透黏液层时,会被肠道树突状细胞呈递给T细胞与B细胞,诱导B细胞合成并分泌SIgA;而SIgA在肠黏膜外层黏液中大量分布,可有效抵御肠道细菌的黏附与入侵[37]。由图5A~图5E可知,与Control组比较,Alcohol组小鼠血清和肠组织中促炎因子IL-6显著升高(P<0.001),小鼠血清和肠组织中抗炎因子IL-10水平和小鼠肠组织中SIgA水平均明显降低(P<0.001)。结果提示酒精暴露可引发小鼠肠道炎症反应并破坏肠道免疫平衡。如图5A、图5D所示,经β-葡聚糖干预后,β-H组小鼠肠组织和血清IL-6水平比Alcohol组下降了35.23%(P<0.001)和39.68%(P<0.01);β-L组下调约36.56%(P<0.001)和30.20%(P<0.05);这一结果与Zhang等[38]的研究发现相一致,即β-葡聚糖能够通过调节IL-6水平,减轻肠组织的炎症程度。如图5B、图5E所示,β-H组小鼠肠组织和血清中IL-10水平较Alcohol组分别上升43.12%和27.46%(P<0.001),β-L组上升约32.30%和24.51%(P<0.001)。图5C所示,与Alcohol组小鼠肠组织中SIgA水平比较,β-H组和β-L组SIgA水平均明显上升(P<0.001),分别上升3.07倍和3.39倍。这与甘草多糖、黑灵芝多糖的相关研究结论相似,均能通过促进抗炎因子IL-10及中和抗体 SIgA的分泌,修复小鼠肠道炎症并改善肠道屏障功能[39−40]。综上实验结果提示,β-葡聚糖可通过调节促炎/抗炎因子平衡及提升黏膜免疫分子水平,有效缓解酒精暴露的小鼠肠道炎症与维护肠道屏障完整,但在本实验浓度下无剂量依赖性。
大肠杆菌属(Escherichia)是一类常见的肠道菌群成员,其多数为条件致病菌,在肠道微生态平衡被打破时,数量异常增多会显著提高宿主发生肠道感染及系统性感染的风险。由图6可知,与Control组比,Alcohol组小鼠盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌丰度显著增加;经β-葡聚糖干预后,β-H、β-L组小鼠盲肠内容物中大肠杆菌丰度较Alcohol组均明显降低(P<0.001),分别约下降92.7%和85.4%(图6A)。此外,Control组小鼠的肝、脾、肾组织中未培养出肠道杆菌;而Alcohol组小鼠的肝、脾组织中检测到少量肠道杆菌,且其胃、肠组织中大肠杆菌丰度较Control组也有所增多;β-H、β-L组小鼠胃、肠组织大肠杆菌丰度则较Alcohol组均出现下降。酒精可导致肠道屏障结构与功能受损,使肠道黏膜通透性增大,这会造成Escherichia过度增殖,引发肠道菌群紊乱;另外,受损的肠道屏障无法有效阻挡Escherichia及其代谢产物(如LPS)的移位,使其进入血液及肝、脾等远隔器官,进而激活机体的炎症反应系统,加剧肠道及全身炎症[41]。同时有研究指出[42],紫芝β-葡聚糖能改善酒精诱导的小鼠肠道菌群及物质代谢异常。本实验结果与上述研究相一致,即β-葡聚糖可调控Escherichia丰度,推测其可能通过保护肠道屏障完整性、调节肠道菌群平衡,从而在一定程度上减轻上述病理过程。
ZO-1和Claudin-1均为紧密连接蛋白的重要组成部分,其表达水平及分布状态是反映肠道屏障完整性与功能状态的关键指标,当二者表达水平下降时,紧密连接结构受损,肠道通透性增加,屏障功能随之减弱。前期数据显示,对比Alcohol组,β-H组LPS水平无统计学差异,但该组在肝脾指数、肠组织形态、肠上皮细胞及炎症因子等多个关键指标均表现出显著保护作用,故选择β-H组进一步探究其肠道屏障保护作用。由图7可知,与Control组比,Alcohol组小鼠肠组织中Claudin-1、ZO-1蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);而β-H组小鼠肠组织中Claudin-1、ZO-1蛋白表达水平较Alcohol组显著升高(P<0.05),其中Claudin-1在回肠和结肠组织中上调比例分别为79.66%和53.52%,ZO-1在回肠和结肠组织中上调比例分别为105.91%和125.17%。结果证明β-葡聚糖干预能够有效恢复酒精引起的肠道紧密连接蛋白(Claudin-1和ZO-1)的表达水平,改善肠道屏障的完整性和功能,从而有助于减缓或防止酒精性肠道损伤的发生。这一结果与β-葡聚糖能促进细胞紧密连接蛋白表达,增强上皮屏障功能的结论相一致[43]。
结果见图8A,结合Swiss TargetPrediction和SyMmap平台预测β-葡聚糖作用靶点38个,根据Eccentricity值筛选出关键调控靶点两个,分别为信号转导和转录激活因子3(Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3,STAT3)和胰岛素(Insulin,INS)。预测结果与刘勤慧等[44]的研究一致,支持β-葡聚糖在发挥免疫调节作用时靶向STAT3。此外,Mcfarlin等[45]的研究也证实了β-葡聚糖显著刺激了STAT3的激活表达,并表明其在改善免疫反应方面具有重要作用。这些研究结果共同支持β-葡聚糖作为一种有效的免疫调节剂的潜力,强调了其通过调控STAT3通路来增强免疫反应的机制。此外,文献[46−48]表明,燕麦β-葡聚糖在调节血糖和体重方面发挥了显著的积极作用。这种效果可能是通过改善胰岛素抵抗细胞模型中的葡萄糖摄取,以及激活相关通路而实现的,从而展现出其抗糖尿病的活性。
肠道炎症及免疫反应与STAT3信号通路关系密切[49]。结果见图8B~图8D,与Control组比,Alcohol组小鼠肠组织中IL-6、p-STAT3蛋白相对表达显著量增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);与Alcohol组比较,β-H组小鼠肠组织IL-6、p-STAT3蛋白相对表达量均极显著下降(P<0.001),其中下降比例分别是48.18%和57.55%;β-L组小鼠肠组织IL-6、p-STAT3蛋白相对表达量也显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.001),其中下降比例分别是23.12%和33.35%。上述结果提示β-葡聚糖干预能显著抑制酒精刺激的IL-6/STAT3信号通路激活,改善肠道炎症和损伤。这与王金铭[50]的研究相似,表明可能通过调节IL-6介导的STAT3信号通路,抑制炎症相关基因的表达,从而发挥肠道保护作用。
本研究结果表明,β-葡聚糖可通过多靶点机制有效保护酒精暴露引起的肠道屏障损伤,其作用机制可能涉及调节肠道菌群-免疫轴、细胞凋亡和IL-6/STAT3信号通路等(图9)。酒精大量或长期摄入会破坏肠道屏障功能,导致紧密连接蛋白(如Claudin-1、ZO-1)表达下调,从而引发细菌移位和内毒素血症(LPS水平升高)。本研究中,Alcohol组小鼠血清LPS和DAO水平显著升高,提示肠道屏障受到损害,肠道通透性增强。同时,本研究中盲肠内容物培养显示,Alcohol组中Escherichia丰度显著升高,并出现移位至肝脏和脾脏等其他器官的现象。Escherichia丰度的失衡会导致Clostridium等丰度显著降低,进而使其代谢产物SCFAs水平降低。研究表明SCFAs中的丁酸盐可通过减少IL-6、IL-8的表达来缓解LPS造成的炎症反应,而LPS可激活TLR4/NF-κB通路,促进IL-6分泌,进而激活IL-6/STAT3信号轴,导致p-STAT3水平升高,引发促炎因子的级联释放和紧密连接蛋白的降解,形成“菌群失调-促炎信号激活-屏障损伤”的恶性循环;另外,丁酸盐还可通过抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)活性,而抑制STAT3的磷酸化,以上均说明丁酸盐的减少会抑制STAT3的磷酸化[51]。这与Chen等[52]提出的肠道菌群代谢物驱动全身炎症理论也相一致。β-葡聚糖的干预显示出显著的保护作用,它通过上调ZO-1等紧密连接蛋白的表达,改善回肠和结肠的组织结构,与既往研究中β-葡聚糖激活肠道免疫细胞、修复上皮屏障的结论保持一致[53−54]。此外,β-葡聚糖还能显著降低血液中DAO和LPS水平,再次证实其在维护肠道黏膜完整性方面的作用。
在免疫调节方面,β-葡聚糖对杯状细胞的调控尤为值得关注。杯状细胞作为肠道黏液层的主要产生者,其数量和功能直接影响屏障的防御能力[55−56]。本研究表明β-葡聚糖能显著恢复酒精引起的杯状细胞减少,增强黏液层,并调节肠组织中的SIgA水平。SIgA在保护肠道免受病原体侵袭和维持肠道菌群平衡方面起着关键作用,它由肠黏膜下的浆细胞产生,然后通过上皮细胞的转运进入肠腔,形成黏膜免疫屏障[57−58]。这可能也是β-葡聚糖能减少细菌移位和侵袭的原因之一。同时,β-葡聚糖通过降低肠内容物和组织中肠杆菌水平,有效减少有害的LPS生成,减轻全身炎症反应。具体表现为β-葡聚糖能调节炎症因子水平,下调促炎因子IL-6和上调抗炎因子IL-10的表达水平,表明其具有抗炎作用与促进抗炎因子分泌效果。这一调节作用不仅体现在肠道局部,脾指数的提高,表明β-葡聚糖可能通过抑制炎症级联反应,减少免疫细胞凋亡,促进免疫器官的正常发育与功能维持。
研究进一步探讨了β-葡聚糖对酒精摄入时肠道免疫的影响,预测β-葡聚糖的主要靶点涉及STAT3和INS。INS作为胰岛素信号通路的关键分子,虽在免疫调节、代谢稳态等方面具有一定作用,但其在酒精性肠道损伤中的直接调控机制尚不明确,且与肠道免疫屏障的关联研究相对较少[59]。相较而言,IL-6/STAT3信号通路在肠道免疫调控中占据核心地位。已有大量研究证实[60−62],IL-6/STAT3通路的异常激活与肠道免疫的发生发展密切相关。IL-6通过与IL-6受体(IL-6R)结合,通过Janus激酶(JAK)/STAT3信号级联反应,持续激活STAT3并促使其转位入核,引发促炎因子大量释放、细胞凋亡加剧等病理过程[63−64],这与本研究中观察到的Alcohol组小鼠肠组织细胞凋亡增加,细胞核出现浓染、碎裂或凋亡体及小鼠肠道炎症增强的现象高度契合。为此,我们开展了相关实验,旨在阐明β-葡聚糖通过调节IL-6/STAT3信号通路,缓解酒精诱导的肠道免疫功能障碍的相关机制。β-葡聚糖干预后,IL-6和磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)蛋白水平呈现显著下降趋势,这种变化与肠道炎症缓解及细胞凋亡减少存在紧密且有序的分子事件链关联。IL-6作为炎症反应的关键上游介质,其水平降低直接削弱了与细胞膜上IL-6R的结合效率,进而抑制下游JAK家族成员的磷酸化激活。由于JAK磷酸化是STAT3激活的前提条件,JAK活性受限使得STAT3的磷酸化修饰显著减少,导致p-STAT3生成量降低,进而削弱其向细胞核内的转位能力。基于此提出β-葡聚糖通过调节IL-6/STAT3信号减轻肠道炎症和细胞凋亡的程度,从而发挥保护作用。上述发现共同表明,β-葡聚糖可通过多维度调节肠道屏障、免疫细胞功能及关键信号通路,实现对酒精暴露下肠道损伤的保护作用,为功能性食品干预酒精相关疾病提供了新的理论依据。
综上所述,β-葡聚糖可通过多重机制有效缓解酒精暴露所致的肠道损伤与炎症反应,具体包括:上调 ZO-1、Claudin-1等紧密连接蛋白的表达以增强肠道屏障功能;调控大肠杆菌丰度,抑制细菌移位以减少LPS等促炎物质的体内暴露以及靶向调控IL-6/STAT3信号通路减轻炎症级联反应。本研究结果为阐明β-葡聚糖的肠道保护作用机制提供了实验依据,也为酒精性肠病的防治策略开发及相关功能性食品/药物的研发提供了新的理论参考与潜在靶点。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050132
  • 接收时间:2025-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16
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    1亳州学院中药学院,安徽亳州 236800
    2安徽中医药大学药学院,安徽合肥 230000
    3中药原料产品研发安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽亳州 236800

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葛雨竹(1996−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:活性成分抗炎与免疫调节作用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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