Article(id=1320175794371019142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050125, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684037058, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684037058, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684037058, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684037058, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=329, endPage=339, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320175794652037511, articleId=1320175794371019142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Comprehensive Analysis of the Quality of Dendrobium officinale from Different Origins and Cultivation Modes, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to explore the quality differences of Dendrobium officinale from various origins and cultivation methods. A total of eight samples of Dendrobium officinale were collected from six locations: Dehong in Yunnan, Lingshan in Guangxi, Sansui in Guizhou, Huoshan in Anhui, Yueqing in Zhejiang, and Yuyao in Zhejiang. The study systematically compared the differences in basic components, active substance content, and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the quality of Dendrobium officinale was significantly influenced by its origin and cultivation modes. The fat content of the eight samples ranged from 0.15% to 1.23%, protein content from 2.79% to 4.29%, and ash content from 2.31% to 6.23%. The total polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale grown in greenhouses (27.63% to 41.06%) was higher than that of those cultivated in simulated wild (26.80% to 26.96%). However, the simulated wild cultivated Dendrobium officinale exhibited superior performance in total flavonoids (0.468% to 0.513%), total phenolic content (0.347% to 0.356%), and DPPH radical scavenging ability (3.175 to 4.667 mg Trolox/g). All eight samples contained protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and benzoic acid, with benzoic acid being the main phenolic acid component. The relative content of benzoic acid in the Guizhou Sansui (SH3) sample was the highest, reaching 14.908, which was 5.95 times that of the Zhejiang Yuyao (SH7). The total amino acid content ranged from 2413~3596 mg/100 g, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was between 35.82% and 37.45%. Principal component analysis further confirmed that the origin and cultivation modes significantly affect the nutritional components of Dendrobium officinale, thereby influencing its quality and pharmacological effects. In conclusion, Dendrobium officinale produced in Zhejiang, particularly under wild-simulated cultivation, exhibits higher levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids along with stronger antioxidant activity, while the greenhouse cultivation mode was more conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharides.

, authors=Shuhuai YU1, Tiantian LIN1, Yong QI2, Guoxiang YAO2, Minxia PANG2, *, Dawei YU1, *, authorsList=Shuhuai YU, Tiantian LIN, Yong QI, Guoxiang YAO, Minxia PANG, Dawei YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Minxia PANG, Dawei YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320175799127359902, articleId=1320175794371019142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质综合分析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在探究不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质差异。研究选取了云南德宏、广西灵山、贵州三穗、安徽霍山、浙江乐清和浙江余姚6个产地的8种铁皮石斛样本,系统比较了其基础成分、活性物质含量及抗氧化活性等方面的差异。结果显示,铁皮石斛的品质受产地及种植模式的影响显著。8种铁皮石斛的脂肪含量为0.15%~1.23%,蛋白质含量为2.79%~4.29%,灰分含量为2.31%~6.23%。大棚种植的铁皮石斛总多糖含量(27.63%~41.06%)高于仿野生种植(26.80%~26.96%)。而仿野生种植的铁皮石斛在总黄酮(0.468%~0.513%)、总酚含量(0.347%~0.356%)以及DPPH自由基清除力(3.175~4.667 mg Trolox/g)方面表现更优。8种样本均含有原儿茶酸、香草酸、阿魏酸和苯甲酸,其中苯甲酸为主要酚酸组分。贵州三穗(SH3)样本的苯甲酸相对含量最高,达14.908,是浙江余姚(SH7)的5.95倍。总氨基酸含量介于2413~3596 mg/100 g,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比率为35.82%~37.45%。主成分分析进一步证实,产地及种植模式对铁皮石斛的营养成分有显著影响,进而影响其品质和药理作用。综上,浙产铁皮石斛,尤其是仿野生种植下的铁皮石斛总酚和总黄酮含量更高、抗氧化能力更强,大棚种植模式则更利于铁皮石斛多糖的积累。

, authors=郁书怀1, 林甜甜1, 戚勇2, 姚国祥2, 庞敏霞2, *, 余达威1, *, authorsList=郁书怀, 林甜甜, 戚勇, 姚国祥, 庞敏霞, 余达威, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=庞敏霞, 余达威, authorNote=

郁书怀(1988−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
庞敏霞(1989−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:中药药理与新产品开发研究、农业资源与环境,E-mail:。
余达威(1990−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:。
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注:图中不同字母表示有显著性差异(P<0.05),图3~图5、图7~图8同。

, figureFileSmall=uFHbmOKrodh58CqD2K82LQ==, figureFileBig=CRHx1sfqNV41Au/Rkb4XRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175802621215187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Analysis of monosaccharide composition in Dendrobium officinale by chromatography, figureFileSmall=4F4BC+iO21qN/shjrgfhUg==, figureFileBig=SIFeC4Fu593rISEFRI8SCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175802705101268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图2, caption=铁皮石斛单糖组成色谱分析

注:1:岩藻糖;2:鼠李糖;3:阿拉伯糖;4:半乳糖;5:葡萄糖;6:木糖;7:甘露糖;8:果糖;9:半乳糖醛酸;10:葡萄糖醛酸。

, figureFileSmall=4F4BC+iO21qN/shjrgfhUg==, figureFileBig=SIFeC4Fu593rISEFRI8SCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175802772210133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Total flavonoid content of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=V0uCISoTLOt7Ek/DJkf1Kg==, figureFileBig=5EoonbdVUrUKmlv0gzr5uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175802856096214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的总黄酮含量, figureFileSmall=V0uCISoTLOt7Ek/DJkf1Kg==, figureFileBig=5EoonbdVUrUKmlv0gzr5uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175802939982295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Naringin content of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=IyWfFOoCJrecbCZjXb9TmA==, figureFileBig=CpGkbXG6Z/Zp3+tbOQjjAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803002896856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的柚皮素含量, figureFileSmall=IyWfFOoCJrecbCZjXb9TmA==, figureFileBig=CpGkbXG6Z/Zp3+tbOQjjAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803074200025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Total phenol content of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=q1Z23eSUOdiNQTi2KjrS6Q==, figureFileBig=sZ5+iqLt1nIsIREHRtYk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803145503194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的总酚含量, figureFileSmall=q1Z23eSUOdiNQTi2KjrS6Q==, figureFileBig=sZ5+iqLt1nIsIREHRtYk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803229389275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Analysis of phenolic acid composition in Dendrobium officinale by chromatography, figureFileSmall=wxk+Vw6rXWoHOox5YTzlxA==, figureFileBig=ESaw+GSCrxL7C/CUkWMcyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803309081052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图6, caption=铁皮石斛酚酸组成色谱分析

注:1:没食子酸;2:原儿茶酸;3:对羟基苯甲酸;4:香草酸;5:对羟基苯丙酸;6:对香豆酸;7:阿魏酸;8:苯甲酸。

, figureFileSmall=wxk+Vw6rXWoHOox5YTzlxA==, figureFileBig=ESaw+GSCrxL7C/CUkWMcyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803371995613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=DPPH free radical scavenging power of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=l8Bt+wbiKnUpIn2CIRqHRg==, figureFileBig=KDbTdOyFoZeLd5sWKbDBxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803439104478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的DPPH自由基清除力, figureFileSmall=l8Bt+wbiKnUpIn2CIRqHRg==, figureFileBig=KDbTdOyFoZeLd5sWKbDBxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803506213343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Alkaloid content of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=644LUNJlFHsbEeN0YehPSw==, figureFileBig=6YIIsNzSz0Bh7/xvTAv4Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803577516512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的生物碱含量, figureFileSmall=644LUNJlFHsbEeN0YehPSw==, figureFileBig=6YIIsNzSz0Bh7/xvTAv4Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803661402593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Scatter plots of OPLS-DA loads of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=uOx//UHCFe1g7PlOwpW/JA==, figureFileBig=GJlChP77cZzEujGNNmYodg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803720122850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛OPLS-DA载荷散点图, figureFileSmall=uOx//UHCFe1g7PlOwpW/JA==, figureFileBig=GJlChP77cZzEujGNNmYodg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803791426019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Random permutation test of the OPLS-DA model of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes, figureFileSmall=hfH0hnHdUAGzUklQtCCb0w==, figureFileBig=nawmz11+aP2LARJBxeIcHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803871117796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛OPLS-DA模型的随机置换检验, figureFileSmall=hfH0hnHdUAGzUklQtCCb0w==, figureFileBig=nawmz11+aP2LARJBxeIcHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320175803938226661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Dendrobium officinale sample information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号产地生长年限种植方式
SH1云南德宏4~5年生大棚
SH2广西灵山4~5年生大棚
SH3贵州三穗4~5年生大棚
SH4安徽霍山4~5年生大棚
SH5浙江乐清4~5年生大棚
SH6浙江乐清4~5年生仿野生
SH7浙江余姚4~5年生大棚
SH8浙江余姚4~5年生仿野生
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804030501350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

铁皮石斛样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号产地生长年限种植方式
SH1云南德宏4~5年生大棚
SH2广西灵山4~5年生大棚
SH3贵州三穗4~5年生大棚
SH4安徽霍山4~5年生大棚
SH5浙江乐清4~5年生大棚
SH6浙江乐清4~5年生仿野生
SH7浙江余姚4~5年生大棚
SH8浙江余姚4~5年生仿野生
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804105998823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic components of Dendrobium officinale in different regions and cultivation patterns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品脂肪含量(g/100 g)蛋白质含量(g/100 g)灰分含量(g/100 g)
SH10.70±0.01d4.29±0.02a2.31±0.01h
SH20.68±0.02e2.79±0.01g2.99±0.03e
SH30.86±0.01b3.21±0.01f2.72±0.02f
SH40.77±0.01c3.42±0.01d2.56±0.01g
SH50.71±0.02d3.70±0.01c3.02±0.02d
SH61.23±0.03a3.31±0.01e3.25±0.01c
SH70.70±0.02d2.80±0.01g3.56±0.01b
SH80.15±0.01f4.20±0.01b6.23±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804202467816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛基本成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品脂肪含量(g/100 g)蛋白质含量(g/100 g)灰分含量(g/100 g)
SH10.70±0.01d4.29±0.02a2.31±0.01h
SH20.68±0.02e2.79±0.01g2.99±0.03e
SH30.86±0.01b3.21±0.01f2.72±0.02f
SH40.77±0.01c3.42±0.01d2.56±0.01g
SH50.71±0.02d3.70±0.01c3.02±0.02d
SH61.23±0.03a3.31±0.01e3.25±0.01c
SH70.70±0.02d2.80±0.01g3.56±0.01b
SH80.15±0.01f4.20±0.01b6.23±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804269576681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Relative content analysis of monosaccharides composition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品单糖组成及浓度比
岩藻糖阿拉伯糖半乳糖葡萄糖甘露糖鼠李糖
SH110.0610.11619.62850.981−
SH210.0760.18423.01762.051−
SH310.0570.10417.01943.322−
SH410.0790.14918.36652.324−
SH510.0700.13823.97867.145−
SH610.1570.45529.84159.570−
SH710.1173.21930.57753.646−
SH810.2670.65721.26446.5400.094
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804336685546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单糖组成相对含量分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品单糖组成及浓度比
岩藻糖阿拉伯糖半乳糖葡萄糖甘露糖鼠李糖
SH110.0610.11619.62850.981−
SH210.0760.18423.01762.051−
SH310.0570.10417.01943.322−
SH410.0790.14918.36652.324−
SH510.0700.13823.97867.145−
SH610.1570.45529.84159.570−
SH710.1173.21930.57753.646−
SH810.2670.65721.26446.5400.094
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804420571627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Relative content analysis of phenolic acid composition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品酚酸组成及浓度比
原儿
茶酸
没食
子酸
对羟基苯甲酸香草酸对羟基苯丙酸对香豆酸阿魏酸苯甲酸
SH113.4501.3470.850−−2.1339.833
SH21−1.2990.7203.405−2.0199.982
SH312.629−0.5422.604−1.65914.908
SH412.3190.6650.540−0.1311.1107.735
SH512.004−0.465−−1.0388.863
SH611.9690.1820.4611.6710.2041.1305.533
SH710.2550.6290.503−0.1180.6202.505
SH810.2150.1880.364−0.0820.7374.398
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804512846316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

酚酸组成相对含量分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品酚酸组成及浓度比
原儿
茶酸
没食
子酸
对羟基苯甲酸香草酸对羟基苯丙酸对香豆酸阿魏酸苯甲酸
SH113.4501.3470.850−−2.1339.833
SH21−1.2990.7203.405−2.0199.982
SH312.629−0.5422.604−1.65914.908
SH412.3190.6650.540−0.1311.1107.735
SH512.004−0.465−−1.0388.863
SH611.9690.1820.4611.6710.2041.1305.533
SH710.2550.6290.503−0.1180.6202.505
SH810.2150.1880.364−0.0820.7374.398
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804588343789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Amino acid content of Dendrobium officinale in different origins and cultivation modes (mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸SH1SH2SH3SH4SH5SH6SH7SH8
天冬氨酸(Asp)613.11±3.74c457.62±5.59g589.00±3.38e599.48±9.47d683.22±3.32a489.64±7.02f430.38±10.31h622.91±1.31b
谷氨酸(Glu)492.20±0.38b353.22±10.88d449.19±5.96c451.45±2.07c539.06±4.36a441.03±4.89c356.87±7.83d527.42±18.56a
丝氨酸(Ser)128.25±2.25d106.25±4.22g124.03±2.32e120.24±0.28f132.35±0.89c141.20±2.56b109.07±0.36g163.89±1.18a
组氨酸(His)70.45±7.15ab58.67±2.69c76.22±4.25a64.74±5.31bc77.49±5.39a71.42±3.86ab61.14±4.67c70.65±3.55ab
甘氨酸(Gly)177.18±0.92c146.10±4.95g169.86±1.79e171.30±0.14de191.40±2.72b175.22±3.31cd151.45±4.96f222.88±3.44a
苏氨酸(Thr)147.70±1.71c115.30±5.43f139.23±1.46d132.17±0.27e159.72±1.89b135.52±5.22de114.97±1.95f168.75±4.7a
精氨酸(Arg)141.97±10.25b98.46±0.21f126.84±8.07cd130.06±0.63c145.77±2.46b118.63±0.47de108.29±14.43ef199.79±1.06a
丙氨酸(Ala)164.39±3.98c136.73±3.75e159.32±2.41c160.15±0.05c170.82±0.76b170.86±3.70b153.05±5.81d217.80±2.22a
酪氨酸(Tyr)69.58±5.77c54.94±1.98d58.78±0.52d69.87±4.30c100.91±12.46a69.69±1.82c59.45±0.29d85.94±4.00b
半胱氨酸(Cys)4.88±2.31ab5.10±0.10ab3.78±0.63bc5.46±1.16ab1.68±0.67c7.36±0.23a5.09±2.56ab3.36±1.13bc
缬氨酸(Val)186.84±2.08c151.84±5.94e174.74±1.42d186.30±2.43c194.29±1.65b175.99±0.19d151.39±5.07e225.36±3.53a
蛋氨酸(Met)15.26±2.19ab8.19±2.74c10.91±0.10abc15.32±1.46ab16.94±2.52a10.20±7.17abc11.69±2.34abc9.00±4.14bc
苯丙氨酸(Phe)176.25±9.26c140.77±1.48e167.88±1.28d180.29±8.35c202.09±2.64b173.38±1.78cd140.71±1.02e221.98±1.70a
异亮氨酸(Ile)163.87±0.13c132.09±3.38e153.42±0.98d162.03±0.91c176.35±2.27b151.60±1.19d132.41±3.28e197.06±2.98a
亮氨酸(Leu)322.42±0.32b245.06±3.66f295.91±2.18d313.45±1.52c352.96±1.92a269.52±3.02e231.61±1.28g352.22±4.62a
赖氨酸(Lys)128.86±2.23b104.17±3.44e111.09±1.79d122.57±1.62c131.44±2.00b98.45±0.86f81.77±1.34g172.50±4.92a
脯氨酸(Pro)117.53±1.84a112.31±2.57a119.06±3.33a116.13±6.23a124.300±3.92a122.13±1.61a114.23±2.01a135.23±39.19a
必需氨基酸(EAA)1141.21±10.03c897.43±20.58g1053.18±6.65e1112.12±6.42d1233.80±14.89b1014.66±13.01f864.56±11.60h1346.86±23.19a
非必需氨基酸(NEAA)1979.53±20.59c1529.41±32.79f1876.09±2.74d1888.88±16.42d2166.99±26.19b1807.20±3.63e1549.02±7.04f2249.86±24.54a
总氨基酸含量(TAA)3120.74±30.62c2426.84±53.37g2929.27±9.39e3001.00±10.00d3400.79±41.08b2821.86±9.38f2413.58±18.64g3596.73±1.35a
), ArticleFig(id=1320175804668035566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320175794371019142, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的氨基酸含量(mg/100 g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸SH1SH2SH3SH4SH5SH6SH7SH8
天冬氨酸(Asp)613.11±3.74c457.62±5.59g589.00±3.38e599.48±9.47d683.22±3.32a489.64±7.02f430.38±10.31h622.91±1.31b
谷氨酸(Glu)492.20±0.38b353.22±10.88d449.19±5.96c451.45±2.07c539.06±4.36a441.03±4.89c356.87±7.83d527.42±18.56a
丝氨酸(Ser)128.25±2.25d106.25±4.22g124.03±2.32e120.24±0.28f132.35±0.89c141.20±2.56b109.07±0.36g163.89±1.18a
组氨酸(His)70.45±7.15ab58.67±2.69c76.22±4.25a64.74±5.31bc77.49±5.39a71.42±3.86ab61.14±4.67c70.65±3.55ab
甘氨酸(Gly)177.18±0.92c146.10±4.95g169.86±1.79e171.30±0.14de191.40±2.72b175.22±3.31cd151.45±4.96f222.88±3.44a
苏氨酸(Thr)147.70±1.71c115.30±5.43f139.23±1.46d132.17±0.27e159.72±1.89b135.52±5.22de114.97±1.95f168.75±4.7a
精氨酸(Arg)141.97±10.25b98.46±0.21f126.84±8.07cd130.06±0.63c145.77±2.46b118.63±0.47de108.29±14.43ef199.79±1.06a
丙氨酸(Ala)164.39±3.98c136.73±3.75e159.32±2.41c160.15±0.05c170.82±0.76b170.86±3.70b153.05±5.81d217.80±2.22a
酪氨酸(Tyr)69.58±5.77c54.94±1.98d58.78±0.52d69.87±4.30c100.91±12.46a69.69±1.82c59.45±0.29d85.94±4.00b
半胱氨酸(Cys)4.88±2.31ab5.10±0.10ab3.78±0.63bc5.46±1.16ab1.68±0.67c7.36±0.23a5.09±2.56ab3.36±1.13bc
缬氨酸(Val)186.84±2.08c151.84±5.94e174.74±1.42d186.30±2.43c194.29±1.65b175.99±0.19d151.39±5.07e225.36±3.53a
蛋氨酸(Met)15.26±2.19ab8.19±2.74c10.91±0.10abc15.32±1.46ab16.94±2.52a10.20±7.17abc11.69±2.34abc9.00±4.14bc
苯丙氨酸(Phe)176.25±9.26c140.77±1.48e167.88±1.28d180.29±8.35c202.09±2.64b173.38±1.78cd140.71±1.02e221.98±1.70a
异亮氨酸(Ile)163.87±0.13c132.09±3.38e153.42±0.98d162.03±0.91c176.35±2.27b151.60±1.19d132.41±3.28e197.06±2.98a
亮氨酸(Leu)322.42±0.32b245.06±3.66f295.91±2.18d313.45±1.52c352.96±1.92a269.52±3.02e231.61±1.28g352.22±4.62a
赖氨酸(Lys)128.86±2.23b104.17±3.44e111.09±1.79d122.57±1.62c131.44±2.00b98.45±0.86f81.77±1.34g172.50±4.92a
脯氨酸(Pro)117.53±1.84a112.31±2.57a119.06±3.33a116.13±6.23a124.300±3.92a122.13±1.61a114.23±2.01a135.23±39.19a
必需氨基酸(EAA)1141.21±10.03c897.43±20.58g1053.18±6.65e1112.12±6.42d1233.80±14.89b1014.66±13.01f864.56±11.60h1346.86±23.19a
非必需氨基酸(NEAA)1979.53±20.59c1529.41±32.79f1876.09±2.74d1888.88±16.42d2166.99±26.19b1807.20±3.63e1549.02±7.04f2249.86±24.54a
总氨基酸含量(TAA)3120.74±30.62c2426.84±53.37g2929.27±9.39e3001.00±10.00d3400.79±41.08b2821.86±9.38f2413.58±18.64g3596.73±1.35a
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不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质综合分析
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郁书怀 1 , 林甜甜 1 , 戚勇 2 , 姚国祥 2 , 庞敏霞 2, * , 余达威 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(12): 329-339
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (12) : 329 -339
不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质综合分析
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郁书怀1 , 林甜甜1, 戚勇2, 姚国祥2, 庞敏霞2, * , 余达威1, *
作者信息
  • 1江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
  • 2浙江健九鹤集团有限公司,浙江宁波 315000
通讯作者:
庞敏霞(1989−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:中药药理与新产品开发研究、农业资源与环境,E-mail:。
余达威(1990−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郁书怀(1988−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

Comprehensive Analysis of the Quality of Dendrobium officinale from Different Origins and Cultivation Modes
Shuhuai YU1 , Tiantian LIN1, Yong QI2, Guoxiang YAO2, Minxia PANG2, * , Dawei YU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 2Zhejiang Jianjiuhe Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050125
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本研究旨在探究不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质差异。研究选取了云南德宏、广西灵山、贵州三穗、安徽霍山、浙江乐清和浙江余姚6个产地的8种铁皮石斛样本,系统比较了其基础成分、活性物质含量及抗氧化活性等方面的差异。结果显示,铁皮石斛的品质受产地及种植模式的影响显著。8种铁皮石斛的脂肪含量为0.15%~1.23%,蛋白质含量为2.79%~4.29%,灰分含量为2.31%~6.23%。大棚种植的铁皮石斛总多糖含量(27.63%~41.06%)高于仿野生种植(26.80%~26.96%)。而仿野生种植的铁皮石斛在总黄酮(0.468%~0.513%)、总酚含量(0.347%~0.356%)以及DPPH自由基清除力(3.175~4.667 mg Trolox/g)方面表现更优。8种样本均含有原儿茶酸、香草酸、阿魏酸和苯甲酸,其中苯甲酸为主要酚酸组分。贵州三穗(SH3)样本的苯甲酸相对含量最高,达14.908,是浙江余姚(SH7)的5.95倍。总氨基酸含量介于2413~3596 mg/100 g,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸比率为35.82%~37.45%。主成分分析进一步证实,产地及种植模式对铁皮石斛的营养成分有显著影响,进而影响其品质和药理作用。综上,浙产铁皮石斛,尤其是仿野生种植下的铁皮石斛总酚和总黄酮含量更高、抗氧化能力更强,大棚种植模式则更利于铁皮石斛多糖的积累。

铁皮石斛  /  产地差异  /  种植方法  /  品质特性评价  /  活性成分  /  主成分分析

This study aimed to explore the quality differences of Dendrobium officinale from various origins and cultivation methods. A total of eight samples of Dendrobium officinale were collected from six locations: Dehong in Yunnan, Lingshan in Guangxi, Sansui in Guizhou, Huoshan in Anhui, Yueqing in Zhejiang, and Yuyao in Zhejiang. The study systematically compared the differences in basic components, active substance content, and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the quality of Dendrobium officinale was significantly influenced by its origin and cultivation modes. The fat content of the eight samples ranged from 0.15% to 1.23%, protein content from 2.79% to 4.29%, and ash content from 2.31% to 6.23%. The total polysaccharide content of Dendrobium officinale grown in greenhouses (27.63% to 41.06%) was higher than that of those cultivated in simulated wild (26.80% to 26.96%). However, the simulated wild cultivated Dendrobium officinale exhibited superior performance in total flavonoids (0.468% to 0.513%), total phenolic content (0.347% to 0.356%), and DPPH radical scavenging ability (3.175 to 4.667 mg Trolox/g). All eight samples contained protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and benzoic acid, with benzoic acid being the main phenolic acid component. The relative content of benzoic acid in the Guizhou Sansui (SH3) sample was the highest, reaching 14.908, which was 5.95 times that of the Zhejiang Yuyao (SH7). The total amino acid content ranged from 2413~3596 mg/100 g, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was between 35.82% and 37.45%. Principal component analysis further confirmed that the origin and cultivation modes significantly affect the nutritional components of Dendrobium officinale, thereby influencing its quality and pharmacological effects. In conclusion, Dendrobium officinale produced in Zhejiang, particularly under wild-simulated cultivation, exhibits higher levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids along with stronger antioxidant activity, while the greenhouse cultivation mode was more conducive to the accumulation of polysaccharides.

Dendrobium officinale  /  origin differences  /  cultivation modes  /  quality characteristic evaluation  /  active ingredients  /  principal component analysis
郁书怀, 林甜甜, 戚勇, 姚国祥, 庞敏霞, 余达威. 不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质综合分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 329 -339 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050125
Shuhuai YU, Tiantian LIN, Yong QI, Guoxiang YAO, Minxia PANG, Dawei YU. Comprehensive Analysis of the Quality of Dendrobium officinale from Different Origins and Cultivation Modes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 329 -339 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050125
铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo)作为兰科石斛属的多年生草本类药用植物,以其茎部入药而闻名,是珍贵的传统中药材。2023年11月9日,国家卫生健康委员会和国家市场监督管理总局联合发布公告,将铁皮石斛纳入“药食同源”物质目录,推动了其产品形式的多样化发展,包括干制品、中成药、保健品、添加石斛原料的新食品以及添加石斛提取物的日化产品等[1]。市场需求的增长也促进了铁皮石斛种植范围的持续扩大。
铁皮石斛中富含多种对健康有益的功能因子,包括多糖类、黄酮类、酚类以及生物碱等。这些成分具有广泛的生理与药理作用,如抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、抗衰老、治疗骨质疏松、降血糖和保肝等,构成了其药用价值和保健功效的核心[2−5]。其中,多糖是铁皮石斛中最核心的活性成分,能够通过改变线粒体功能、调节ROS生成、调控细胞死亡相关蛋白的表达,以及激活NF-κB和PI3K/AKT信号通路,从而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。此外,多糖还能通过调节免疫细胞分化和促进细胞因子分泌等途径来增强免疫功能[6−8]。黄酮与酚类成分是铁皮石斛抗氧化活性的主要贡献者。Ren等[9]研究发现,C-糖基转移酶(DcaCGT)具有双重催化功能,可特异性介导C-糖基化和O-糖基化反应,这为铁皮石斛黄酮苷的结构多样性提供了分子基础。酚类物质则常与多糖形成复合物,通过协同作用显著增强抗氧化效能,如有效抑制脂质过氧化链式反应[10−13]。环境因子对铁皮石斛活性成分的组成与含量具有关键调控作用。研究发现,非生物胁迫(如UV-B辐射、温度、干旱)能显著激活次生代谢通路[14]。如,UV-B辐射通过上调查尔酮合成酶(CHS)活性促进黄酮积累;适度干旱胁迫则激活多糖合成关键基因表达[15]。当前,铁皮石斛在我国的主要产地分布广泛,涉及安徽西南部、浙江东部、福建西部、广西西北部、四川、云南东南部以及江西等地,主要种植模式包括大棚栽培、林下活树附生和仿野生种植。然而,针对不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的系统性对比研究相对匮乏,且现有研究存在局限。例如,张静芳等[16]发现除含水率外,不同产区铁皮石斛的表型性状、多糖含量及醇溶性浸出物离散显著,尤以多糖含量差异最为突出。仝晶晶等[17]对比6个产地的铁皮石斛功效成分,发现浙江乐清双峰乡产区铁皮石斛综合表现最优。丁玉莲等[18]证实产地因素显著影响黄酮积累,仿野生模式下环境差异对黄酮成分的调控效应尤为显著,这可能与区域气候异质性直接相关。He等[19]的研究通过比较铁皮石斛三种种植模式下的代谢组学,发现林下活树附生种植的铁皮石斛在总酚与类黄酮含量、抗氧化能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性方面表现更优。这表明,产地及栽培环境能够显著影响铁皮石斛生长代谢过程中生物活性物质的合成与积累,进而显著影响铁皮石斛的品质。因此,系统开展不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛对比研究至关重要。这不仅有助于深入剖析不同来源铁皮石斛的特性,还能为后续的品质评价、产地选育及产品开发提供关键依据,从而推动铁皮石斛产业的高质量发展。
本文选取了云南德宏、广西灵山、贵州三穗、安徽霍山、浙江乐清和浙江余姚6个不同产地来源的8种铁皮石斛样品,通过对比其基础成分、多糖、总黄酮、总酚、单糖组成、柚皮素、酚酸组成、抗氧化活性、生物碱和氨基酸含量等指标的差异,并结合主成分分析(PCA)深入探究不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的品质差异,旨在为铁皮石斛的品质精准评估和开发利用构建完备的理论框架和可靠的科学指引。
铁皮石斛茎干条 均为清明前后采摘,无病虫害,经鉴定为铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)的干燥茎,产地及种植方式如表1所示;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除力试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;木瓜蛋白酶(食品级,105 U/g) 南宁庞博生物工程有限公司;柚皮素(色谱级)、芦丁(分析级)、没食子酸(分析级)、三氟乙酸(分析级) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;石斛碱(色谱级) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;氢氧化钠、盐酸、硫酸、甲醇、无水乙醇、亚硝酸钠、硝酸铝、福林酚、碳酸钠 均为分析级,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
BPG-9070A型精密鼓风干燥箱、MP-501A型超级恒温循环槽、SX2-10-12N型马弗炉 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;FST-800T型多功能粉碎机 东莞市房太电器有限公司;FreeZone冷冻干燥机 美国Labconco公司;SZC-101型自动脂肪测定仪、KDN-19H2型自动定氮仪 上海纤检仪器有限公司;Epoch型酶标仪 南京拜尔沃克智能科技有限公司;KQ5200DE型数控超声波清洗器 昆山市超声仪器有限公司;Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱 美国安捷伦科技公司;ICS-5000型高压离子色谱系统 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司。
将铁皮石斛干条置于60 ℃鼓风干燥至恒重后,采用多功能粉碎机粉碎并过60目筛,将过筛后的粉末样品置于干燥皿中备用。
脂肪的测定参考GB/T 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》中的索氏抽提法;蛋白质的测定参考GB/T 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》中的凯氏定氮法;灰分的测定参考GB/T 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》。
采用酶法对铁皮石斛中的多糖进行提取。称取铁皮石斛粉末2.0 g,加入去离子水80 mL和0.02 g食品级木瓜蛋白酶,置于酶反应器中,60 ℃反应2 h,静置冷却,5000 r/min离心10 min,上清液转移至容量瓶,加入去离子水定容。取适量混匀后的样品溶液,加入4倍体积无水乙醇4 ℃醇沉6 h,4000 r/min离心20 min,沉淀用80%乙醇洗涤两次后加水溶解,获得供试品溶液。采用苯酚-硫酸法[20]测定总糖含量,以葡萄糖为对照品。
取醇沉后的样品,冻干获得多糖粉末。精密称取10 mg样品溶于5 mL、4 mol/L三氟乙酸溶液中,置于121 ℃下酸解2 h,吹干酸液,加入5 mL去离子水溶解,获得供试品溶液。采用离子色谱对铁皮石斛中的单糖组成进行测定。采用外标法,配制10种单糖的混标溶液,通过比对保留时间定性,峰面积定量。
色谱柱使用CarboPac PA20,柱温为30 ℃,流动相为水(A)-1 mol/L醋酸钠(B)-250 mmol/L氢氧化钠(D),检测波长为280 nm,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量为10 μL,流动相梯度洗脱程序如下:0~13 min,98%A,2%D;13~13.1 min,98%~93%A,2%D;13.1~20 min,93%~78%A,2%D;20~21 min,78%~20%A,2%~80%D;21~30 min,20%A,80%D。
总黄酮是样品中所有黄酮类化合物的总量。参考唐丽等[21]的方法提取总黄酮,稍作修改。称取铁皮石斛粉末0.4 g,加入8 mL、70%乙醇,70 ℃超声提取40 min,5000 r/min离心10 min,上清液转移至25 mL容量瓶,加入70%乙醇定容,充分摇匀,冷却,获得供试品溶液。
采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝法[22]测定总黄酮含量,稍作修改。量取供试品溶液1 mL于试管中,加入1 mL 70%乙醇溶液,振荡均匀后加入5% NaNO2溶液375 μL,振荡均匀,避光静置5 min,加入10% Al(NO3)3溶液250 μL,振荡均匀,避光静置5 min,最后加入1 mo1/L NaOH溶液2.0 mL振荡混匀后,避光静置15 min,在510 nm的波长处测定吸光度,以芦丁为对照品。
参考陈晓霞[23]的方法提取测定柚皮素,稍作修改。称取铁皮石斛粉末1.0 g加入甲醇-10%盐酸(5:1)溶液,加热回流3 h,冷却后过滤,减压浓缩,用甲醇溶液溶解并定容至25 mL即为供试品溶液。采用外标法,配制柚皮素标准系列溶液,以浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标制作标准曲线,根据保留时间定性,峰面积定量。
色谱测定条件:色谱柱使用XBridge C18液相色谱柱,柱温为30 ℃,流动相为0.2%磷酸(A)-甲醇(B),检测波长为288 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10 μL,流动相梯度洗脱程序如下:0~5 min,25%B;5~10 min,25%~30%B;10~25 min,30%~40%B;25~45 min,40%~55%B;45~50 min,55%~60%B。
总酚是样品中所有酚类化合物的总量,是酚酸和其他酚类物质的总和。参考尚艳等[24]的方法提取总酚,稍作修改。精密称取铁皮石斛粉末0.5 g,加入10 mL 70%甲醇,70 ℃超声提取40 min,5000 r/min离心10 min,上清液转移至10 mL容量瓶,加入70%甲醇定容,充分摇匀,冷却,获得供试品溶液。
取供试品溶液稀释至合适浓度,量取1 mL于试管中,加入2 mL 10%(v/v)福林酚试剂,振荡均匀,避光静置5 min,依次加入7.5% Na2CO3溶液2 mL、去离子水5.0 mL,振荡均匀,40 ℃水浴20 min,冷却至室温,在波长765 nm处测定吸光度,以没食子酸为对照品。
酚酸是总酚中的一个具体类别,其提取和检测方法如下:称取铁皮石斛粉末0.5 g置于离心管中,加入10 mL 80%甲醇,于70 ℃下360 W超声45 min,5000 r/min离心10 min,上清液转移至10 mL容量瓶,加入80%甲醇定容,充分摇匀,冷却,获得供试品溶液。采用外标法,配制8种酚酸的混标溶液,通过比对保留时间定性,峰面积定量。
色谱测定条件:色谱柱使用XBridge C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),柱温为30 ℃,流动相为0.05%磷酸(A)-甲醇(B),检测波长为280 nm,流速为0.6 mL/min,进样量为10 μL,流动相梯度洗脱程序如下:0~5 min,10%~20%B;5~55 min,20%~40%B;55~60 min,40%~80%B;60~65 min,80%B;65~70 min,80%~10%B;70~77 min,0%B。
DPPH自由基清除力根据检测试剂盒中说明书进行。称取0.1 g铁皮石斛粉末,加入1 mL 80%甲醇溶液,冰水浴匀浆10 min,12000 r/min离心10 min,上清液即为供试品溶液。 以80%甲醇为溶剂配制0.5 mg/mL Trolox标准溶液并稀释,分别量取浓度为0、5、10、15、20、25 μg/mL标准液400 μL,加入600 μL DPPH乙醇溶液混匀,避光静置30 min,4000 r/min离心5 min,上清液于517 nm测定吸光度,按公式(1)计算DPPH自由基清除率,以Trolox浓度为横坐标,DPPH自由基清除率为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。DPPH自由基清除力标准曲线方程为y=0.026x−7×10−5,R2=0.9954。 取供试品溶液稀释至合适浓度,操作同上,记为样品管。空白管用80%乙醇代替样品,对照管用80%乙醇代替DPPH乙醇溶液。DPPH自由基清除力以标准品Trolox当量计(mg Trolox/g)。
$ 标曲\rm{D}PPH自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{A_S}{A_{S0}}\right)\times100 $
$\rm 样本DPPH 自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{A_1-A_2}{A_0}\right)\times 100 $
式中:AS为各浓度标准管的吸光度;AS0为标准浓度为0 的一管;A0表示空白管的吸光度;A1表示样品管的吸光度;A2表示对照管的吸光度。
参考周文雅[25]的方法提取测定生物碱,稍作修改。称取铁皮石斛粉末0.5 g,加入10%氨水和氯仿并称重,65 ℃水浴加热冷凝回流2 h,冷却后过滤,用氯仿稀释滤液,加入缓冲液及溴甲酚绿溶液,剧烈振荡,静置至明显分层,取下层溶液加入NaOH无水乙醇溶液,在波长为620 nm处测定吸光度,以石斛碱为对照品。
参考杨玉亮等[26]的方法,采用酸水解法进行制样。称取样品300.0 mg置于水解管中,加入6 mol/L HCl,充氮气3 min,溶液置于120 ℃烘箱中水解22 h。水解结束后,加NaOH中和,用蒸馏水定容至25 mL。过滤并离心,上清液即为供试品溶液。采用外标法,配制17种氨基酸的混标溶液,通过比对保留时间定性,峰面积定量。
色谱条件参考冯琳[27]的方法:色谱柱使用Agilent Hypersil ODS柱,柱温为40 ℃,流动相为醋酸钠-三乙胺-四氢呋喃(A)-醋酸钠-甲醇-乙醇(B),检测波长为338 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10 μL,流动相梯度洗脱程序如下:0~17 min,8%~50% B;17~20.1 min,50%~100% B;20.1~24 min,100%~0% B。
每组试验重复3次,采用Excel 2019对数据进行汇总和整理,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 27对数据进行显著性分析,采用Origin 2021进行作图,采用Simca 14.1对数据进行主成分分析。
植物的生长常受多重环境因子(如地理位置、气候、土壤类型和灌溉水平等)的共同调控,这些因素均会影响植物营养成分、代谢物和生物活性物质的合成与积累[28−29]。产地和种植模式的差异对铁皮石斛的基础成分具有显著影响(表2)。其中,脂肪含量较高的为SH6(1.23%),显著高于其他7种,SH8(0.15%)显著低于其他7种(P<0.05)。SH2(2.79%)和SH7(2.80%)的蛋白质含量显著低于其它6种,而SH1(4.29%)的蛋白质含量显著高于其他7种(P<0.05)。SH1(2.31%)的灰分含量显著低于其他7种,SH8(6.23%)的灰分含量显著高于其他7种(P<0.05)。
多糖是铁皮石斛最主要的活性成分之一,具有增强免疫力[30]、抗氧化[31]、抗疲劳[20]、降血糖[32−33]等多种生理功效,其含量的高低直接影响铁皮石斛的药用价值。如图1所示,不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的总多糖含量均高于25%,符合《中华人民共和国药典:2020版》对铁皮石斛干燥品中多糖含量的规定。其中SH5(41.06%)和SH7(38.74%)的多糖含量显著高于其他样本(P<0.05)。SH3(33.53%)和SH4(33.22%)间多糖含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但与其他的样本之间差异显著。其中仿野生种植生产的铁皮石斛SH6(26.80%)和SH8(26.96%)多糖含量显著低于大棚种植样本(27.63%~41.06%)(P<0.05)。温暖湿润且土壤含水量适宜的环境利于铁皮石斛的生长及其多糖的积累。大棚种植能够有效控制温湿度,适合的昼夜温差亦能促进多糖的积累[34]。这可能是造成大棚种植样本(尤其浙产铁皮石斛)多糖含量整体高于仿野生种植及其他地区样本的原因。
单糖是指不能再被简单水解成更小的糖类的分子。如图2和表3所示(以岩藻糖为参照峰)。甘露糖和葡萄糖是铁皮石斛主要单糖组分,但二者的比例存在差异,结果与既有研究一致[35−36]。研究表明,低甘露糖/葡萄糖比的铁皮石斛多糖可下调与血清支链氨基酸(BCAA)生物合成相关的微生物基因丰度,改善宿主BCAA代谢,从而发挥显著的抗糖尿病功效[37]。此外,多糖中还存在少量的岩藻糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖,SH8还额外检出微量的鼠李糖。铁皮石斛基因组中存在编码UDP-鼠李糖合酶的基因,但其表达受发育阶段、非生物胁迫及组织部位调控,在茎中含量极低。佟岩等[38]研究发现,24 h低温胁迫可诱导铁皮石斛UDP-鼠李糖合酶表达上调。这可能是SH8鼠李糖含量相对较高的原因[39−40]。
黄酮是一种具备抗氧化功效的次生代谢产物,也是铁皮石斛主要的活性成分之一[41]。如图3所示,不同产地及种植模式的铁皮石斛中总黄酮含量有差异。SH6中的总黄酮含量显著高于其他样品(P<0.05),达到了0.513%,SH8次之,为0.468%,含量最低的为SH1,仅为0.102%,与SH2(0.107%)无显著性差异(P<0.05)。孙凤婷等[42]对比了10批次不同产地的铁皮石斛的总黄酮含量,分布在0.152%~0.436%。本研究测得的8个样本总黄酮含量分布在0.102%~0.513%范围内,与其的研究结果相近。其中仿野生种植生产的铁皮石斛SH6(0.513%)和SH8(0.468%)总黄酮含量显著高于大棚种植样本(0.102%~0.276%)(P<0.05)。徐丽红等[43]的研究表明,越接近野生的栽培模式,越利于黄酮和酚类物质的积累。这主要归因于非生物胁迫条件(如大昼夜温差、强紫外辐射、低水分及低养分等)能激活苯丙烷代谢途径,促使植物合成更多酚和黄酮等具有抗氧化功能的次生代谢产物以应对环境压力。
柚皮素属于二氢黄酮类化合物,是铁皮石斛中的一种标志性成分,具有重要的药理作用,可用于鉴别铁皮石斛的真伪和质量控制。如图4所示,不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的柚皮素含量有差异,SH6(89.42 μg/g)中的柚皮素含量显著高于其他样品(P<0.05);其次为SH8(69.21 μg/g),SH1(44.38 μg/g)最低,该趋势与总黄酮含量分布一致。吕朝耕等[44]对两个不同种源的浙产石斛(设置两个栽培周期,共24批样品)的研究显示,柚皮素的最高含量为15.92 μg/g。本研究中8个铁皮石斛样品柚皮素含量较高,整体品质较优。柚皮素的含量在不同产地及种植模式的铁皮石斛中存在差异,这为建立更精准的铁皮石斛质量评价提供了依据。
总酚是指样品中酚类化合物的总量,是衡量食品或天然产物品质的重要指标之一。酚类化合物在植物中起到了保护自身免受外界环境侵害的作用,同时赋予植物独特营养价值[45]。酚类化合物对人类健康具有优异的抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗癌和神经保护作用[46−47]。不同产地及种植模式的铁皮石斛总酚含量见图5。其中仿野生种植的SH6(0.356%)和SH8(0.347%)总酚含量最高,显著(P<0.05)高于大棚种植样本(0.068%~0.250%)。含量最低的为SH3,仅为0.068%,SH1(0.126%)和SH2(0.122%)间无显著差异(P>0.05),但与其他的样本之间差异显著。李娟等[48]优化了铁皮石斛总酚的提取测定条件,报道其平均含量在0.548%,本研究与其报道的总酚得率相近。
酚酸是植物源食品中天然存在的一类酚类物质,具有杀菌、抗氧化、抗毒素等作用[49]。如图6和表4所示(以原儿茶酸为参照峰),本研究检测了铁皮石斛中8种酚酸物质(原儿茶酸、没食子酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、对羟基苯丙酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和苯甲酸)的含量。结果表明,不同产地及种植方式的铁皮石斛酚酸存在差异。8种样本均检出原儿茶酸、香草酸、阿魏酸和苯甲酸,其中苯甲酸含量普遍较高。8份铁皮石斛中,仅SH2未检出没食子酸,SH3和SH5未检出对羟基苯甲酸。而仅SH2、SH3和SH6检出对羟基苯丙酸,只在SH4、SH6、SH7和SH8检出对香豆酸,SH6均能检出8种酚酸。
DPPH法是一种广泛应用于评价食品、中草药和其他物质的抗氧化活性的化学实验方法,通过检测抗氧化剂对DPPH自由基的清除能力间接评估其抗氧化活性[50]。本研究通过DPPH自由基清除实验来表征其抗氧化活性,以Trolox当量(mg Trolox/g)表示。如图7所示,不同产地及种植模式的铁皮石斛的DPPH自由基清除能力存在显著差异。仿野生SH6和SH8 DPPH自由基清除能力最突出,分别达到4.667 mg Trolox/g、3.175 mg Trolox/g,显著高于其他大棚种植样品(P<0.05)。最低的为SH1,仅为0.9758 mg Trolox/g。SH2(1.259 mg Trolox/g)和SH3(1.193 mg Trolox/g)间无显著差异,SH4(1.527 mg Trolox/g)和SH5(1.431 mg Trolox/g)间亦无显著差异,但与其他样本之间差异显著。DPPH自由基清除力整体上以浙产铁皮石斛(SH6~SH8)表现更为优异。自由基清除活性通常与黄酮、酚类物质呈现正相关[51]。本研究结果与前述总黄酮和总酚含量分布具有良好的一致性。
生物碱是一种主要存在于植物中的活性物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节等多种作用,对治疗细胞损伤、保肝、镇痛、促进胃液分泌和助消化等方面也有功效[52−55]。石斛碱是石斛中一种特征性生物碱,其含量在铁皮石斛中的含量极低。研究表明,不同产地铁皮石斛的化学成分差异显著,即使在最佳生长期,铁皮石斛中石斛碱的含量也远低于金钗石斛等其他石斛品种,部分样本甚至无法检出[56]。如图8所示,不同产地及种植模式铁皮石斛的石斛碱含量有明显差异,其中SH2所含生物碱含量最高,为33.44 μg/g。其次是SH5,为18.78 μg/g、SH3为15.27 μg/g、SH4为11.33 μg/g、SH1为3.14 μg/g。SH6、SH7和SH8均未检出石斛碱,不具有差异性。
由表5所示,8种铁皮石斛中均检测出17种氨基酸且各氨基酸含量存在差异。样本总氨基酸含量在2413~3596 mg/100 g,由高到低排列顺序为:SH8>SH5>SH1>SH4>SH3>SH6>SH2>SH7。这些差异可能源于产地不同所造成的土壤矿物质和微气候差异,或由种植模式不同所带来的生物胁迫差异、水分和养分差异,它们通过调控植物代谢途径影响氨基酸合成。各样本中,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和亮氨酸为含量最丰富的氨基酸,三者合计占比均超过总氨基酸含量的40%,含量最低的为半胱氨酸,这一分布特征与罗绪强等[57]的研究结果一致。
此外,在8种铁皮石斛样本中,EAA/TAA值处于35.82%~37.45%,其中SH7样本比值最低,SH8比值最高。NEAA/TAA值为62.55%~64.18%。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)与联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)所制定的理想蛋白质评判标准,优质蛋白质EAA/TAA值应维持在约40%的水平,NEAA/TAA值需接近60%[58]。结果表明,铁皮石斛富含高质量的蛋白质成分,具备较高的营养价值,可将其归类为优质蛋白质来源。
以9种铁皮石斛常见组分为因变量,不同产地及种植模式为自变量进行OPLS-DA(图9)。2个主成分贡献率分别为90.6%和6.32%,累计贡献率为96.92%,基本可以反映样品整体信息。所建立的OPLS-DA模型R2X、R2Y、Q2分别为1、0.989、0.978,表示模型拟合优秀;为验证模型的可靠性,本研究采用置换检验法,对样本随机排序。结果显示,在进行200次的随机排列后,R2>Q2,且Q2回归线的截距<0(图10),说明该模型可以对数据进行有效预测,不存在过度拟合的问题。
从OPLS-DA因子载荷图可看出各样本能被有效区分,其中SH3、SH4和SH5集中在第二象限,聚为一类。SH1和SH2距离其他样本均较远,而SH7和SH8较为接近,且这两者相较于其他样本更靠近SH6。说明SH7和SH8在组成上相似程度高,且在所有样本中,二者与SH6成分最接近。这表明产地和种植模式对铁皮石斛的化学成分有显著影响,进而影响其品质和潜在的药理作用。
本研究检测了8种铁皮石斛中的基础成分、活性物质及氨基酸含量等指标。结果表明,铁皮石斛营养组成稳定,多糖为其含量最丰富的活性物质,甘露糖和葡萄糖是其主要单糖组分;氨基酸种类齐全,且其比例符合理想蛋白质标准。仿野生种植模式下的铁皮石斛(如SH6、SH8)多糖含量低于大棚种植模式,但其总黄酮、总酚、DPPH自由基清除力和柚皮素含量均相对更高。
综上所述,不同产地及种植模式的铁皮石斛在营养物质的组成上表现出高一致性,但在具体营养成分和活性物质含量上存在显著差异。这些差异主要源于独特的地理环境、气候条件和土壤特性及栽培方式。深入了解上述差异对于铁皮石斛的选育和栽培模式优化至关重要。基于研究结果,SH5与SH7样品富含多糖,SH6与SH8在总黄酮和总酚含量上表现突出,因此可以充分利用这些样本的特性,针对性地开发满足不同药用和保健需求的产品,为铁皮石斛产业的精准化发展提供科学依据。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050125
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
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    1江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
    2浙江健九鹤集团有限公司,浙江宁波 315000

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庞敏霞(1989−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:中药药理与新产品开发研究、农业资源与环境,E-mail:。
余达威(1990−),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品加工技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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