Article(id=1320176106599207849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050119, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684111498, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684111498, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684111498, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684111498, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=474, endPage=484, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320176106880226218, articleId=1320176106599207849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Advances in Physiological Functions, Extraction and Conversion Technologies of Soybean Isoflavones, columnId=1261343851327906245, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), as an important dual-purpose crop for both food and feed in China, not only serves as a major source of high-quality plant protein, but also contains rich functional components, particularly estrogen-like isoflavones. This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the structure, properties, physiological functions, extraction and analysis methods, as well as glycoside conversion techniques of soybean isoflavones. The article compares various extraction methods and concludes that extraction using organic solvents is the most commonly used method, whilst ultrasonic and microwave methods are more efficient; Supercritical extraction is suitable for the enrichment of highly active compounds. Regarding analytical methods, liquid chromatography has become the main technique for analyzing isoflavone monomers. Additionally, this paper systematically summarizes the application of acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis in glycoside conversion. Among these methods, enzymatic hydrolysis shows promising prospects due to its mild conditions and stable product quality. Finally, the paper points out the current research challenges, including unclear physiological mechanisms of monomers and insufficient green, efficient extraction and conversion technologies. It proposes future directions for in-depth studies on physiological mechanisms, development of green preparation processes, and functional products rich in high-activity aglycones, thereby providing a theoretical basis for advancing the high-value utilization of soybean resources.

, authors=Zixuan LIU1, 2, Bei FAN2, Ziqian XUE1, 2, Rui YANG2, Fengzhong WANG2, Chunmei LI2, *, Guiqiao LIU1, *, authorsList=Zixuan LIU, Bei FAN, Ziqian XUE, Rui YANG, Fengzhong WANG, Chunmei LI, Guiqiao LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunmei LI, Guiqiao LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320176111728841669, articleId=1320176106599207849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=大豆异黄酮生理功能与提取转化技术研究进展, columnId=1261343852603031688, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=专题综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

大豆是我国重要的粮饲兼用作物,不仅是优质植物蛋白的主要来源,更富含具有雌激素样活性的大豆异黄酮等功能成分。本文系统综述了大豆异黄酮的结构及性质、生理功能、提取分析方法及糖苷转化方法的研究进展。文章比较了多种提取方法,最终指出有机溶剂浸提法最为常用,超声与微波法效率更高,超临界萃取适用于高活性成分富集;在分析方法方面,液相色谱法已成为异黄酮单体分析的主流技术。同时,本文系统整理了酸水解、碱水解和酶解法在糖苷转化中的应用,其中酶解法因条件温和、产物稳定性好,显示出良好的应用前景。最后指出当前研究存在单体生理功能机制不明确、绿色高效提取与转化技术不足等问题,并对未来深入研究生理机制、开发绿色制备工艺及高活性苷元功能性产品提出展望,为推进大豆资源的高值化利用提供理论依据。

, authors=刘紫璇1, 2, 范蓓2, 薛紫乾1, 2, 杨锐2, 王凤忠2, 李春梅2, *, 刘贵巧1, *, authorsList=刘紫璇, 范蓓, 薛紫乾, 杨锐, 王凤忠, 李春梅, 刘贵巧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李春梅, 刘贵巧, authorNote=

刘紫璇(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:农产品质量与安全,E-mail:

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李春梅(1986−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品品质评价,E-mail:。
刘贵巧(1969−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:农产品质量与安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CuOwqNyif42Sd5ybEQYdzQ==, magXml=Xu2h/TLn/EsdASi3c3Hs9w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=riU1TF02I7f3tJXgGvynSg==, pdfFileSize=941510, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=R3gJh3nIIHTLpVfBeBThJA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320176112227963853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2538268790@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320176112328627152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, authorId=1320176112227963853, language=EN, stringName=Zixuan LIU, firstName=Zixuan, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
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Modern Food, 2024, 30(3): 186−188,193.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176129323946085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=71, rfOrder=97, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN Y. Detection of soybean isoflavone content by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Modern Food, 2024, 30(3): 186−188,193., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176129391054950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=72, rfOrder=98, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAPRIOLI G, NAVARINI L, CORTESE M, et al. 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The Food Industry, 2016, 37(11): 86−88.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176129550438504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=73, rfOrder=100, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG L Q, YU L Y, LUO Y N, et al. Synthetic research of soybean isoflavone glycoside hydrolyzed into isoflavone aglucon by acetic acid catalysis[J]. The Food Industry, 2016, 37(11): 86−88., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176129625935977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=74, rfOrder=101, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于丽颖, 罗亚楠, 郑凤梅. 复合有机酸催化大豆异黄酮糖苷水解成苷元的工艺研究[J]. 粮油食品科技, 2016, 24(5): 35−37. [YU L Y, LUO Y N, ZHENG F M. Research on hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides catalyzed with complex organic acid[J]. 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China Condiment, 2013, 38(12): 63−67.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176129844039788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=75, rfOrder=104, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI E N, XIAO X Q, DENG K Y. Research on extraction technique of lsoflavone from soy sauce residue by alkali hydrolysis[J]. China Condiment, 2013, 38(12): 63−67., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176129919537261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=76, rfOrder=105, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG S, WANG L, YAN Q, et al. Hydrolysis of soybean isoflavone glycosides by a thermostable β-glucosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila[J]. 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Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 2016, 17(6): 455−464., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176130049560687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=107, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周文红, 郭咪咪, 毕艳红, 等. 酶解制备苷元型大豆异黄酮[J]. 中国油脂, 2020, 45(12): 100−104. [ZHOU W H, GUO M M, BI Y H, et al. Preparation of aglycone soy isoflavones by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and its micronization[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2020, 45(12): 100−104.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176130154418288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=78, rfOrder=108, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU W H, GUO M M, BI Y H, et al. Preparation of aglycone soy isoflavones by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and its micronization[J]. China Oils and Fats, 2020, 45(12): 100−104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176130242498673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=109, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周文红, 郭咪咪, 李秀娟, 等. 大豆异黄酮提取及其生物转化的研究进展[J]. 粮油食品科技, 2019, 27(5): 37−42. [ZHOU W H, GUO M M, LI X J, et al. Research progress of extraction and biotransformation of soybean isoflavones[J]. Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods, 2019, 27(5): 37−42.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320176130317996146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=79, rfOrder=110, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU W H, GUO M M, LI X J, et al. Research progress of extraction and biotransformation of soybean isoflavones[J]. Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods, 2019, 27(5): 37−42., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320176111993082822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176112009860039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, companyId=1320176111993082822, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176112018248648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, companyId=1320176111993082822, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320176112127300553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176112135689162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, companyId=1320176112127300553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320176112148272075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, companyId=1320176112127300553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京 100193)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320176116384519163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Chemical structure, name and molecular formula of soy isoflavones

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异黄酮化学结构CAS化学式分配系数lgP
大豆苷元(Daidzein)486-66-8C15H10O42.78
黄豆黄素(Glycitein)40957-83-3C16H12O52.57
染料木素(Genistein)446-72-0C15H10O52.96
染料木苷(Genistin)529-59-9C21H20O100.79
大豆苷(Daidzin)552-66-9C21H20O90.45
黄豆黄苷(Glycitin)40246-10-4C22H22O100.16
乙酰基染料木苷(6"-O-Acetyl-Genistin)73566-30-0C23H22O112.59
乙酰基大豆苷(6"-O-Acetyl-Daidzi)71385-83-6C23H22O102.31
乙酰基黄豆黄苷(6"-O-Acetyl-Glyciti)134859-96-4C24H24O112.21
丙二酰基染料木苷(6"-O-Malonyl-Genistin)51011-05-3C24H22O131.67
丙二酰基大豆苷(6"-O-Malonyl-Daidzin)124590-31-4C24H22O121.59
丙二酰基黄豆黄苷(6"-O-Malonyl-Glycitin)137705-39-6C25H24O131.48
), ArticleFig(id=1320176116460016636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大豆异黄酮的化学结构及其理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
异黄酮化学结构CAS化学式分配系数lgP
大豆苷元(Daidzein)486-66-8C15H10O42.78
黄豆黄素(Glycitein)40957-83-3C16H12O52.57
染料木素(Genistein)446-72-0C15H10O52.96
染料木苷(Genistin)529-59-9C21H20O100.79
大豆苷(Daidzin)552-66-9C21H20O90.45
黄豆黄苷(Glycitin)40246-10-4C22H22O100.16
乙酰基染料木苷(6"-O-Acetyl-Genistin)73566-30-0C23H22O112.59
乙酰基大豆苷(6"-O-Acetyl-Daidzi)71385-83-6C23H22O102.31
乙酰基黄豆黄苷(6"-O-Acetyl-Glyciti)134859-96-4C24H24O112.21
丙二酰基染料木苷(6"-O-Malonyl-Genistin)51011-05-3C24H22O131.67
丙二酰基大豆苷(6"-O-Malonyl-Daidzin)124590-31-4C24H22O121.59
丙二酰基黄豆黄苷(6"-O-Malonyl-Glycitin)137705-39-6C25H24O131.48
), ArticleFig(id=1320176116552291325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physiological and functional roles of different soya isoflavone monomers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单体活性作用参考文献
染料木素抗乳腺癌细胞通过影响细胞凋亡相关蛋白、EMT相关蛋白的表达抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的增殖与侵袭迁移能力,促进其凋亡,进而抑制肿瘤的发展[49]
抗宫颈癌细胞调节FAK-paxillin和MAPK信号通路抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞的迁移和侵袭,并呈剂量依赖性[30]
抗PC3前列腺癌细胞增强caspase-3的基因表达、细胞内蛋白水平和酶活性来诱导细胞凋亡[34]
抗HT29结肠癌细胞通过在不同的转录和蛋白质水平调节caspase-3和p38 MAPK途径来表现其对HT29结肠癌细胞的抗肿瘤特性[35]
抗肝癌细胞抑制肝星状细胞(HSC)的活化,降低α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达和胶原基质的积累,以及血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平的升高[32]
抗肺癌细胞分别抑制非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞中细胞质Bcl-xL分布以及Bcl-xL和Beclin-1的相互作用,通过增加凋亡和自噬来显著增强放射敏感性[36]
抗骨质疏松可通过提高抗氧化参数和诱导成骨细胞分化显示出显著的抗骨质疏松的活性[50]
通过ER和NOS途径的参与以及ERK或PI3K信号转导途径的贡献促进成骨细胞的生成,还刺激破骨细胞从其单核祖细胞分化[51]
抗氧化在氧化应激过程中通过EKR1/2和PKC/Nrf2途径上调HO-1和GCLC的表达[43]
染料木素至少部分通过灭活NF-κB和MAPK信号通路有效保护皮质神经元免受氧化应激[44]
染料木素与大豆苷元联用能够更有效地提高PC12细胞抗氧化系统活力[45]
抗炎染料木素显著抑制D-GalN诱导的促炎细胞因子的产生,包括肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),此外染料木素还能够维持氧化还原电位并加强细胞的抗氧化防御系统[52]
大豆苷元抗乳腺癌细胞通过调节乳腺癌1号基因(BRCA1)表达量,协同增强多西紫杉类药物杀伤三阴性乳腺癌细胞,促进癌凋亡进而逆转其对化疗药的耐药性[38]
抑制TNF-α诱导的雌激素受体(ER)阴性MCF10DCIS.com人乳腺癌细胞的细胞迁移和侵袭[37]
抑制肺癌细胞在体外和体内均有效抑制肺癌的增殖和NF-κB信号传导[40]
改善围绝经期症状大豆苷元可以促进松质骨中H型血管的形成来缓解OVX诱导的骨质疏松症,这可能是激活EGFR、PI3K、Akt信号介导的[40]
大豆苷元通过以ER依赖性方式激活MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt,促进人成骨样MG63细胞的增殖、分化和抗凋亡来刺激成骨[41]
通过PI3K/Akt激活,保护软骨细胞免受SNP诱导的基质降解和凋亡[21]
使骨转换标志物水平升高,如吡啶啉、I型胶原C-端肽、骨碱性磷酸酶和I型前胶原N-端前肽,股骨结构中脂肪细胞占据的表面积减少[22]
降低肝脏和下丘脑中雌激素受体的上调,下调降钙素基因相关肽水平[15]
改善甲状腺功能不足在连续摄入大豆苷元6个月后,状腺功能低下女性的游离甲状腺适度降低[53]
抗氧化上调FOXO3/SOD2信号通路在HK-2肾近端小管细胞系中表现出抗氧化活性[46]
抗炎抑制LPS诱导的pERK1/2、p-IκBα和p-p65表达水平[47]
黄豆黄素抗胃癌细胞显著降低AGS细胞线粒体跨膜电位(ΔΨm),增加线粒体相关凋亡,并通过调节周期相关蛋白引起G0/G1细胞周期阻滞[41]
抗炎显著降低NO、促炎细胞因子如白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平,以及RAW264.7细胞中的炎症指标,如环氧合酶2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的蛋白水平[48]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176116623594494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大豆异黄酮单体生理功能作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
单体活性作用参考文献
染料木素抗乳腺癌细胞通过影响细胞凋亡相关蛋白、EMT相关蛋白的表达抑制乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的增殖与侵袭迁移能力,促进其凋亡,进而抑制肿瘤的发展[49]
抗宫颈癌细胞调节FAK-paxillin和MAPK信号通路抑制宫颈癌HeLa细胞的迁移和侵袭,并呈剂量依赖性[30]
抗PC3前列腺癌细胞增强caspase-3的基因表达、细胞内蛋白水平和酶活性来诱导细胞凋亡[34]
抗HT29结肠癌细胞通过在不同的转录和蛋白质水平调节caspase-3和p38 MAPK途径来表现其对HT29结肠癌细胞的抗肿瘤特性[35]
抗肝癌细胞抑制肝星状细胞(HSC)的活化,降低α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达和胶原基质的积累,以及血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平的升高[32]
抗肺癌细胞分别抑制非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞中细胞质Bcl-xL分布以及Bcl-xL和Beclin-1的相互作用,通过增加凋亡和自噬来显著增强放射敏感性[36]
抗骨质疏松可通过提高抗氧化参数和诱导成骨细胞分化显示出显著的抗骨质疏松的活性[50]
通过ER和NOS途径的参与以及ERK或PI3K信号转导途径的贡献促进成骨细胞的生成,还刺激破骨细胞从其单核祖细胞分化[51]
抗氧化在氧化应激过程中通过EKR1/2和PKC/Nrf2途径上调HO-1和GCLC的表达[43]
染料木素至少部分通过灭活NF-κB和MAPK信号通路有效保护皮质神经元免受氧化应激[44]
染料木素与大豆苷元联用能够更有效地提高PC12细胞抗氧化系统活力[45]
抗炎染料木素显著抑制D-GalN诱导的促炎细胞因子的产生,包括肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),此外染料木素还能够维持氧化还原电位并加强细胞的抗氧化防御系统[52]
大豆苷元抗乳腺癌细胞通过调节乳腺癌1号基因(BRCA1)表达量,协同增强多西紫杉类药物杀伤三阴性乳腺癌细胞,促进癌凋亡进而逆转其对化疗药的耐药性[38]
抑制TNF-α诱导的雌激素受体(ER)阴性MCF10DCIS.com人乳腺癌细胞的细胞迁移和侵袭[37]
抑制肺癌细胞在体外和体内均有效抑制肺癌的增殖和NF-κB信号传导[40]
改善围绝经期症状大豆苷元可以促进松质骨中H型血管的形成来缓解OVX诱导的骨质疏松症,这可能是激活EGFR、PI3K、Akt信号介导的[40]
大豆苷元通过以ER依赖性方式激活MEK/ERK和PI3K/Akt,促进人成骨样MG63细胞的增殖、分化和抗凋亡来刺激成骨[41]
通过PI3K/Akt激活,保护软骨细胞免受SNP诱导的基质降解和凋亡[21]
使骨转换标志物水平升高,如吡啶啉、I型胶原C-端肽、骨碱性磷酸酶和I型前胶原N-端前肽,股骨结构中脂肪细胞占据的表面积减少[22]
降低肝脏和下丘脑中雌激素受体的上调,下调降钙素基因相关肽水平[15]
改善甲状腺功能不足在连续摄入大豆苷元6个月后,状腺功能低下女性的游离甲状腺适度降低[53]
抗氧化上调FOXO3/SOD2信号通路在HK-2肾近端小管细胞系中表现出抗氧化活性[46]
抗炎抑制LPS诱导的pERK1/2、p-IκBα和p-p65表达水平[47]
黄豆黄素抗胃癌细胞显著降低AGS细胞线粒体跨膜电位(ΔΨm),增加线粒体相关凋亡,并通过调节周期相关蛋白引起G0/G1细胞周期阻滞[41]
抗炎显著降低NO、促炎细胞因子如白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平,以及RAW264.7细胞中的炎症指标,如环氧合酶2(COX-2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的蛋白水平[48]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176116707480575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of soybean isoflavones extraction methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取方法提取溶剂提取条件提取结果文献参考
有机溶剂浸
提法
53%乙腈在10 mL乙腈、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h7.314 mmol/g[55]
53%丙酮在10 mL丙酮、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h7.293 mmol/g[55]
53%甲醇在10 mL甲醇、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h7.232 mmol/g[55]
53%乙醇在10 mL乙醇、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h6.704 mmol/g[55]
80%乙醇80%乙醇,提取温度72.5 ℃,提取时间67.5 min,料液比为1:26.5 (g:mL)1932.44 μg/g[56]
80%乙醇温度70 ℃,料液比为1:16(g:mL),提取时间为3 h44 μg/g[61]
60%乙醇提取温度78.94 ℃,料液比为1:20.85(g:mL),提取2次,每次2 h12.03 μg/g[62]
超声提取法70%乙醇提取时间40 min,料液比1:20(g:mL)2.0505%[7]
60%乙醇料液比1:30(g:mL),超声功率300 W,超声时间30 min,超声温度40 ℃3.89 mg/g[8]
80%乙醇提取温度为80 ℃、提取时间为1.5 h、料液比1:35(g:mL),提取三次10880 μg/g[58]
70%乙醇+5%二甲基亚砜提取温度为100 ℃,提取时间为15 min,料液比1:16(g:mL)4284.1 μg/g[57]
微波辅助提取85%甲醇甲醇和0.1%盐酸组成的溶剂以85:15的比例混合,体积为10 mL,辐射功率为75 W,持续5 min830 μg/g[59]
超临界CO2
萃取
80%甲醇温度为40 ℃,压力为60 MPa,CO2流量为10 L/h,时间为270 min2458.8 μg/g[11]
70%乙醇温度为60 ℃,压力为60 MPa,CO2流量为10 L/h,时间为270 min1828.4 μg/g[11]
70%甲醇温度50 ℃,压力36 MPa86.28 μg/g[63]
70%乙醇压力35 MPa,温度60 ℃3279 μg/g[60]
无水乙醇萃取温度50 ℃,萃取压力30 MPa,夹带剂用量2.0 mL/g,萃取时间1 h30.1 μg/g[64]
80%甲醇萃取温度40 ℃,萃取压力50 MPa下,CO2流速9.80 kg/h1262.2 μg/g[65]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176116791366656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大豆异黄酮提取方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
提取方法提取溶剂提取条件提取结果文献参考
有机溶剂浸
提法
53%乙腈在10 mL乙腈、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h7.314 mmol/g[55]
53%丙酮在10 mL丙酮、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h7.293 mmol/g[55]
53%甲醇在10 mL甲醇、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h7.232 mmol/g[55]
53%乙醇在10 mL乙醇、2 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl或2 mL水和额外的7 mL水中提取,室温下搅拌2 h6.704 mmol/g[55]
80%乙醇80%乙醇,提取温度72.5 ℃,提取时间67.5 min,料液比为1:26.5 (g:mL)1932.44 μg/g[56]
80%乙醇温度70 ℃,料液比为1:16(g:mL),提取时间为3 h44 μg/g[61]
60%乙醇提取温度78.94 ℃,料液比为1:20.85(g:mL),提取2次,每次2 h12.03 μg/g[62]
超声提取法70%乙醇提取时间40 min,料液比1:20(g:mL)2.0505%[7]
60%乙醇料液比1:30(g:mL),超声功率300 W,超声时间30 min,超声温度40 ℃3.89 mg/g[8]
80%乙醇提取温度为80 ℃、提取时间为1.5 h、料液比1:35(g:mL),提取三次10880 μg/g[58]
70%乙醇+5%二甲基亚砜提取温度为100 ℃,提取时间为15 min,料液比1:16(g:mL)4284.1 μg/g[57]
微波辅助提取85%甲醇甲醇和0.1%盐酸组成的溶剂以85:15的比例混合,体积为10 mL,辐射功率为75 W,持续5 min830 μg/g[59]
超临界CO2
萃取
80%甲醇温度为40 ℃,压力为60 MPa,CO2流量为10 L/h,时间为270 min2458.8 μg/g[11]
70%乙醇温度为60 ℃,压力为60 MPa,CO2流量为10 L/h,时间为270 min1828.4 μg/g[11]
70%甲醇温度50 ℃,压力36 MPa86.28 μg/g[63]
70%乙醇压力35 MPa,温度60 ℃3279 μg/g[60]
无水乙醇萃取温度50 ℃,萃取压力30 MPa,夹带剂用量2.0 mL/g,萃取时间1 h30.1 μg/g[64]
80%甲醇萃取温度40 ℃,萃取压力50 MPa下,CO2流速9.80 kg/h1262.2 μg/g[65]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176116929777664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of analytical methods for soybean isoflavones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析方法检测物质分析柱流动相检测方法文献参考
紫外分光光度计法染料木素−−260 nm处测定豆渣提取物中大豆异黄酮的含量[66]
高效液相色
谱法
大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木苷C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)甲醇+0.20%乙酸水
溶液
柱温为30 ℃,流速为0.3 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm,进样量为
10 μL
[70]
大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素、染料木苷C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)乙腈+1%磷酸水溶液柱温为30 ℃,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm,进样量为5 μL[71]
大豆苷、大豆苷元、黄豆黄苷、黄豆黄素、染料木苷、染料木素Nucleodur C18 5 μm(150×4.6 mm)乙腈+0.1%甲酸水柱温为35 ℃,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,进样量为
10 μL
[67]
大豆苷、染料木苷、黄豆黄苷、丙二酰基大豆苷、丙二酰基染料木苷、丙二酰基黄豆黄苷、乙酰基大豆苷、乙酰基染料木苷、乙酰基黄豆黄苷、大豆苷元、染料木素、黄豆黄素SHIMADZU-GL Wonda Cract ODS2(5 μm
4.6 mm×250 mm)
0.1%乙酸乙腈+0.1%乙酸水柱温35 ℃,流速为1.2 mL/min,检测波长262 nm,进样量20 μL[68]
液相色谱-串联质谱法大豆苷、大豆苷元、黄豆黄苷,黄豆黄素、染料木苷、染料木素Luna® 3 μm PFP 100 Å乙腈+0.01%甲酸水
溶液
质谱检测采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式,流量为1.0 mL/min[69]
大豆苷元、染料木苷、染料木素Kinetex C18(50×2.10 mm i.d.,2.6 μm)10%乙腈+90% 0.01%甲酸水溶液+5 mM甲酸铵混合物ESI-MS在“多重反应监测”(MRM)模式,柱温30 ℃,流速为
0.5 mL/min,进样量5 μL
[72]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176117026246657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大豆异黄酮分析方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析方法检测物质分析柱流动相检测方法文献参考
紫外分光光度计法染料木素−−260 nm处测定豆渣提取物中大豆异黄酮的含量[66]
高效液相色
谱法
大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木苷C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)甲醇+0.20%乙酸水
溶液
柱温为30 ℃,流速为0.3 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm,进样量为
10 μL
[70]
大豆苷、大豆苷元、染料木素、染料木苷C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm)乙腈+1%磷酸水溶液柱温为30 ℃,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为260 nm,进样量为5 μL[71]
大豆苷、大豆苷元、黄豆黄苷、黄豆黄素、染料木苷、染料木素Nucleodur C18 5 μm(150×4.6 mm)乙腈+0.1%甲酸水柱温为35 ℃,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,进样量为
10 μL
[67]
大豆苷、染料木苷、黄豆黄苷、丙二酰基大豆苷、丙二酰基染料木苷、丙二酰基黄豆黄苷、乙酰基大豆苷、乙酰基染料木苷、乙酰基黄豆黄苷、大豆苷元、染料木素、黄豆黄素SHIMADZU-GL Wonda Cract ODS2(5 μm
4.6 mm×250 mm)
0.1%乙酸乙腈+0.1%乙酸水柱温35 ℃,流速为1.2 mL/min,检测波长262 nm,进样量20 μL[68]
液相色谱-串联质谱法大豆苷、大豆苷元、黄豆黄苷,黄豆黄素、染料木苷、染料木素Luna® 3 μm PFP 100 Å乙腈+0.01%甲酸水
溶液
质谱检测采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式,流量为1.0 mL/min[69]
大豆苷元、染料木苷、染料木素Kinetex C18(50×2.10 mm i.d.,2.6 μm)10%乙腈+90% 0.01%甲酸水溶液+5 mM甲酸铵混合物ESI-MS在“多重反应监测”(MRM)模式,柱温30 ℃,流速为
0.5 mL/min,进样量5 μL
[72]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176117101744130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of methods for the conversion of soybean isoflavone glycosides

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水解方法酶类型水解物质水解条件水解率文献参考
酸水解法−大豆异黄酮糖苷反应温度160 ℃,水解时间为4 h时,乙酸浓度为
2.0 mol/L
92.2%[73]
大豆异黄酮糖苷反应温度135 ℃,反应时间为160 min,复合酸配比(苹果酸:柠檬酸)为4:397%[74]
碱水解法−酱油渣中大豆异黄酮糖苷碱浓度1 mol/mL,水解温度为55 ℃,水解时间为
120 min
34%[75]
酶解法真菌嗜热假单胞菌β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆粉提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在50 ℃加热4 h45.9%±2.4%[76]
豆浆提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在50 ℃加热4 h43.5%±1.3%[76]
大豆胚提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在50 ℃加热4 h42.8%±1.8%[76]
大豆粉沉淀提取物0.02 U/ml的酶在50 ℃加热4 h40.9%±0.5%[76]
大豆粉上清液0.02 U/ml的酶在50 ℃加热4 h38.9%±0.4%[76]
杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆粉提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h17.6%±1.1%[76]
豆浆提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h20.5%±0.5%[76]
大豆胚提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h15.4%±0.3%[76]
大豆粉沉淀提取物0.02 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h,并通过煮沸5 min
终止反应
21.1%±1.7%[76]
大豆粉上清液0.02 U/ml的酶在37 ℃加热4 h,并通过煮沸5 min
终止反应
19.8%±0.5%[76]
土曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆粉提取物在50 ℃的恒温控制培养箱中的McIlvaine缓冲液(pH5.0)中水解10 min。通过煮沸5 min终止反应大豆苷元:95.8%,染料木素:86.7%,黄豆黄素:72.1%[77]
β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆异黄酮糖苷(90%)加酶量为10%(酶活性为100 U/g),反应时间6 h,反应温度48 ℃,pH为4.870.45%[78]
纤维素酶大豆异黄酮糖苷(90%)加酶量为10%(酶活性为3000 U/g),反应时间6 h,反应温度48 ℃,pH为4.849.84%[78]
β-半乳糖苷酶大豆异黄酮糖苷(90%)加酶量为10%(酶活性为10000 U/g),反应时间10 h,反应温度48 ℃,pH为4.88.18%[78]
), ArticleFig(id=1320176117181435907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176106599207849, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

大豆异黄酮糖苷转化方法的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水解方法酶类型水解物质水解条件水解率文献参考
酸水解法−大豆异黄酮糖苷反应温度160 ℃,水解时间为4 h时,乙酸浓度为
2.0 mol/L
92.2%[73]
大豆异黄酮糖苷反应温度135 ℃,反应时间为160 min,复合酸配比(苹果酸:柠檬酸)为4:397%[74]
碱水解法−酱油渣中大豆异黄酮糖苷碱浓度1 mol/mL,水解温度为55 ℃,水解时间为
120 min
34%[75]
酶解法真菌嗜热假单胞菌β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆粉提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在50 ℃加热4 h45.9%±2.4%[76]
豆浆提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在50 ℃加热4 h43.5%±1.3%[76]
大豆胚提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在50 ℃加热4 h42.8%±1.8%[76]
大豆粉沉淀提取物0.02 U/ml的酶在50 ℃加热4 h40.9%±0.5%[76]
大豆粉上清液0.02 U/ml的酶在50 ℃加热4 h38.9%±0.4%[76]
杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆粉提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h17.6%±1.1%[76]
豆浆提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h20.5%±0.5%[76]
大豆胚提取物0.01 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h15.4%±0.3%[76]
大豆粉沉淀提取物0.02 U/mL的酶在37 ℃加热4 h,并通过煮沸5 min
终止反应
21.1%±1.7%[76]
大豆粉上清液0.02 U/ml的酶在37 ℃加热4 h,并通过煮沸5 min
终止反应
19.8%±0.5%[76]
土曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆粉提取物在50 ℃的恒温控制培养箱中的McIlvaine缓冲液(pH5.0)中水解10 min。通过煮沸5 min终止反应大豆苷元:95.8%,染料木素:86.7%,黄豆黄素:72.1%[77]
β-葡萄糖苷酶大豆异黄酮糖苷(90%)加酶量为10%(酶活性为100 U/g),反应时间6 h,反应温度48 ℃,pH为4.870.45%[78]
纤维素酶大豆异黄酮糖苷(90%)加酶量为10%(酶活性为3000 U/g),反应时间6 h,反应温度48 ℃,pH为4.849.84%[78]
β-半乳糖苷酶大豆异黄酮糖苷(90%)加酶量为10%(酶活性为10000 U/g),反应时间10 h,反应温度48 ℃,pH为4.88.18%[78]
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大豆异黄酮生理功能与提取转化技术研究进展
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刘紫璇 1, 2 , 范蓓 2 , 薛紫乾 1, 2 , 杨锐 2 , 王凤忠 2 , 李春梅 2, * , 刘贵巧 1, *
食品工业科技 | 专题综述 2026,47(12): 474-484
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食品工业科技 |专题综述 2026 , 47 (12) : 474 -484
大豆异黄酮生理功能与提取转化技术研究进展
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刘紫璇1, 2 , 范蓓2, 薛紫乾1, 2, 杨锐2, 王凤忠2, 李春梅2, * , 刘贵巧1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038
  • 2中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京 100193
通讯作者:
李春梅(1986−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品品质评价,E-mail:。
刘贵巧(1969−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:农产品质量与安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘紫璇(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:农产品质量与安全,E-mail:

Advances in Physiological Functions, Extraction and Conversion Technologies of Soybean Isoflavones
Zixuan LIU1, 2 , Bei FAN2, Ziqian XUE1, 2, Rui YANG2, Fengzhong WANG2, Chunmei LI2, * , Guiqiao LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050119
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大豆是我国重要的粮饲兼用作物,不仅是优质植物蛋白的主要来源,更富含具有雌激素样活性的大豆异黄酮等功能成分。本文系统综述了大豆异黄酮的结构及性质、生理功能、提取分析方法及糖苷转化方法的研究进展。文章比较了多种提取方法,最终指出有机溶剂浸提法最为常用,超声与微波法效率更高,超临界萃取适用于高活性成分富集;在分析方法方面,液相色谱法已成为异黄酮单体分析的主流技术。同时,本文系统整理了酸水解、碱水解和酶解法在糖苷转化中的应用,其中酶解法因条件温和、产物稳定性好,显示出良好的应用前景。最后指出当前研究存在单体生理功能机制不明确、绿色高效提取与转化技术不足等问题,并对未来深入研究生理机制、开发绿色制备工艺及高活性苷元功能性产品提出展望,为推进大豆资源的高值化利用提供理论依据。

大豆异黄酮  /  生理功能  /  提取方法  /  分析方法  /  转化方法

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), as an important dual-purpose crop for both food and feed in China, not only serves as a major source of high-quality plant protein, but also contains rich functional components, particularly estrogen-like isoflavones. This paper provides a systematic review of recent advances in the structure, properties, physiological functions, extraction and analysis methods, as well as glycoside conversion techniques of soybean isoflavones. The article compares various extraction methods and concludes that extraction using organic solvents is the most commonly used method, whilst ultrasonic and microwave methods are more efficient; Supercritical extraction is suitable for the enrichment of highly active compounds. Regarding analytical methods, liquid chromatography has become the main technique for analyzing isoflavone monomers. Additionally, this paper systematically summarizes the application of acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis in glycoside conversion. Among these methods, enzymatic hydrolysis shows promising prospects due to its mild conditions and stable product quality. Finally, the paper points out the current research challenges, including unclear physiological mechanisms of monomers and insufficient green, efficient extraction and conversion technologies. It proposes future directions for in-depth studies on physiological mechanisms, development of green preparation processes, and functional products rich in high-activity aglycones, thereby providing a theoretical basis for advancing the high-value utilization of soybean resources.

soybean isoflavones  /  physiological function  /  extraction method  /  analytical method  /  conversion method
刘紫璇, 范蓓, 薛紫乾, 杨锐, 王凤忠, 李春梅, 刘贵巧. 大豆异黄酮生理功能与提取转化技术研究进展. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 474 -484 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050119
Zixuan LIU, Bei FAN, Ziqian XUE, Rui YANG, Fengzhong WANG, Chunmei LI, Guiqiao LIU. Advances in Physiological Functions, Extraction and Conversion Technologies of Soybean Isoflavones[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 474 -484 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050119
大豆异黄酮是大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)中一类重要的功能活性成分,与皂苷等同为大豆中典型的生物活性物质。该成分最早于1931年从大豆中分离获得。其分子结构中的苯环及羟基基团与内源性雌激素17-β-雌二醇高度相似,可通过选择性结合雌激素受体发挥生物学效应,故常被称为植物雌激素[1]。大豆异黄酮主要分布在大豆的胚轴和子叶中,其中胚轴中异黄酮种类最多且含量丰富[2]。但由于子叶占大豆籽粒总重的95%以上,使其成为异黄酮的主要储存部位,这一物质基础也奠定了大豆异黄酮的研究与利用价值。
当前,大豆异黄酮凭借多样的生理活性成为功能性食品与医药领域的研究热点,相关研究与应用技术持续更新发展。临床研究已证实,大豆异黄酮可通过植物雌激素样作用有效缓解女性围绝经期综合征[3],同时具备抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生理功能[4]。在提取工艺方面,传统有机溶剂浸提法因成本低廉被广泛应用,而超声波辅助提取、微波辅助提取以及超临界CO2萃取等新兴技术显著提升了提取效率[5−6],其中乙醇-超声波辅助提取联用,已成为工业化生产的优选方案[7],超声波产生的空化效应可增加大豆组织细胞壁的破坏速度,提高异黄酮的提取效率[8]。同时,针对糖苷型异黄酮生物利用度低的瓶颈,酸水解法、碱水解法和酶解法等技术可有效促进糖苷向活性苷元的定向转化,实现功能成分的生物可利用性。
为充分挖掘大豆异黄酮的应用潜力,系统梳理其研究进展具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文系统综述了大豆异黄酮的结构、性质、生理功能、分析提取方法以及糖苷转化方法的研究进展,以期为大豆异黄酮的深入利用提供理论依据。
大豆中主要存在的异黄酮有12种,根据化学结构可分为游离型苷元(Aglycon)和结合型糖苷(Glucosides)两大类,其中游离型苷元包括染料木素(Genistein)、大豆苷元(Daidzein)和黄豆黄素(Glycitein)3种,占异黄酮总量的2%~3%,结合型糖苷主要包括葡萄糖苷、乙酰基葡萄糖苷、丙二酰基葡萄糖苷等,约占总量的97%~98%[9],因此,大豆中的异黄酮主要以糖苷形式存在。
从分子结构来看,与其他黄酮类化合物相比,大豆异黄酮的A、B、C环的共轭程度较小,因此一般为淡黄色或灰白色粉末,且在紫外荧光下响应较弱,但与某些金属离子形成络合物后荧光有所加强。在溶解性方面,苷元型异黄酮可溶于甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、乙醚等有机溶剂及稀碱中,一般难溶于水或不溶于水,糖苷型易溶于甲醇、乙醇、吡啶、乙酸乙酯及稀碱液中,难溶于苯、乙醚、氯仿、石油醚等有机溶剂,对水溶解度增强,可溶于热水。在旋光性方面,苷元型异黄酮不具有旋光性,而糖苷型由于引入了葡萄糖基而表现出旋光性。此外,异黄酮分子中的酚羟基使其呈弱酸性,可溶于碱性水溶液及吡啶,其中染料木素比大豆苷元多一个酚羟基,因此酸性更强[10−11]。各异黄酮单体的结构及其理化性质如表1所示。
已有研究表明,大豆异黄酮的生理活性主要来源于其苷元形式。大豆苷元和染料木素可直接通过被动扩散穿过细胞膜,在Caco-2细胞中的渗透性(7~15倍)和细胞积累量(8.8倍)均显著高于其葡萄糖苷形式,而糖苷型异黄酮需先水解去除糖基,转化为相应的苷元形式才能被机体吸收利用,因此,其生理活性具有间接性[10−12]。3种苷元型异黄酮的具体生理功能作用如表2所示。
大豆异黄酮具有显著的雌激素样活性,可通过调控NF-κB信号通路表达来改善卵巢形态和激素紊乱[13−14]。刘鹿等[3]临床研究表明,每日补充60 mg大豆异黄酮,干预6个月后,围绝经期女性血清雌二醇水平显著升高,促黄体生成素水平显著降低,提示其可能通过调控内分泌系统的性腺轴从而延缓卵巢分泌功能的减退。深入研究发现,大豆苷元经肠道微生物菌群代谢产生的S-雌马酚是发挥雌激素样功能的关键活性物质[15],S-雌马酚更易被肠道吸收且可呈游离形式穿过血脑屏障,因而比大豆异黄酮具有更高的生物活性[16],其与雌激素受体结合亲和力显著高于大豆苷元(相同结合力下大豆苷元消耗量为雌马酚的5倍)[17−18]。动物实验证实,大豆苷元及其代谢产物S-雌马酚可升高骨转换标志物水平,抑制去卵巢大鼠肝脏及下丘脑雌激素受体过度表达,激活EGFR/MEK/ERK及PI3K/Akt信号通路,改善钙吸收与转运,促进松质骨H型血管生成以及人成骨样MG63细胞增殖、分化及抗凋亡[19],抑制软骨细胞基质降解[20]与凋亡[21−23],改善抑郁样行为[24−26],从而缓解围绝经期不良症状。
大豆异黄酮的抗肿瘤作用主要由苷元型异黄酮介导,特别是染料木素和大豆苷元。Valachovicova等[27]通过比较苷元型和糖苷型异黄酮对高侵袭性乳腺癌细胞的作用,发现仅染料木素和大豆苷元能显著抑制NF-κB和AP-1转录因子活性,并降低uPA分泌,从而抑制乳腺癌细胞转移。染料木素的抗肿瘤机制具有多靶点特性,可通过调控PTK/NF-κB/Akt/FAK-paxillin/MAPK等信号通路调节乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌细胞的细胞周期和凋亡,并促进各种癌细胞系的G2/M和G0/G1细胞周期阻滞从而达到抗肿瘤效果[28−30]。同样,还可调节蛋白或蛋白酶,包括骨桥蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、蛋白磷酸酶2A、caspase-3、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)的基因表达[31−32]和蛋白水平以及酶活性抑制癌细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡[33−35]。染料木素还可以分别抑制非小细胞肺癌中细胞质Bcl-xL分布以及Bcl-xL和Beclin-1的相互作用,增加凋亡和自噬来显著增强放射敏感性,促进电离辐射诱导的细胞死亡[36]。由此可见,苷元型异黄酮尤其是染料木素,通过多靶点、多通路的作用机制,在抑制癌细胞转移、调节细胞周期和诱导凋亡等方面展现出显著的抗肿瘤效果。
与染料木素相似,大豆苷元在抗肿瘤过程中亦具有多靶点调控特性。在乳腺癌方面,其可显著抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α诱导的雌激素受体阴性MCF10DCIS.com人乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力[37],并能通过上调乳腺癌1号基因表达量增强多西紫杉类药物对三阴性乳腺癌细胞的杀伤效果,有效逆转化疗耐药性[38]。在跨癌种协同治疗方面,大豆苷元与拓扑替康联用可增强拓扑替康对Topo I催化活性的抑制作用,通过诱导DNA损伤及G2/M期阻滞,显著提升对人乳腺癌MCF7、肝癌HepG2和结肠癌Caco2细胞系三种癌细胞具有显著的协同抗肿瘤作用,其可通过诱导细胞通过线粒体的凋亡效应[39]。在肺癌方面,大豆苷元则通过抑制NF-κB信号通路显著抑制肺癌细胞增殖[40]。此外,黄豆黄素作为另一种苷元型异黄酮,可通过调节与活性氧相关的MAPK/STAT3/NF-κB信号通路诱导AGS胃癌细胞凋亡和G0/G1期细胞周期停滞,从而抑制人胃癌细胞的增殖[41]。综上,大豆苷元及黄豆黄素通过干预DNA损伤修复、关键信号通路及靶向细胞周期核心节点形成多维抗肿瘤机制,为开发基于异黄酮苷元结构的新型抗肿瘤策略提供了机制基础。
大量研究表明,大豆异黄酮亦具有显著的抗炎和抗氧化活性。动物实验证实,大豆异黄酮能显著增加SOD和过氧化氢酶的活性,降低硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质(TBARS)水平,有效缓解氧化应激并抑制体脂积累和血浆TG升高[42]。不同苷元型异黄酮的作用机制存在特异性,其中染料木素通过激活EKR1/2、PKC和Nrf2信号通路,上调HO-1和GCLC的表达,同时灭活NF-κB和MAPK信号通路,实现对皮质神经元的氧化应激保护[43−44];其还能显著抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)等促炎细胞因子释放,与大豆苷元联用可协同提高PC12细胞的抗氧化系统活力[45]。大豆苷元则在肝肾保护中作用突出,在HK-2肾近端小管细胞中通过上调FOXO3和SOD2信号通路缓解氧化应激损伤[46];在肝细胞方面,能显著抑制LPS诱导的pERK1/2、p-IκBα和p-p65表达,下调Keap1并上调Nrf2表达,使活性氧减少23.9%±7.8%,并使SOD活性增加88.4%±18.9%[47]。黄豆黄素的抗炎作用主要表现为显著降低NO、白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α等炎症介质水平,并抑制RAW264.7细胞中环氧合酶2和诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达[48]。可见,三种苷元型异黄酮通过互补性机制共同强化抗炎与抗氧化作用,其中染料木素侧重神经保护与抗炎调控,大豆苷元精于肝肾氧化应激缓解,黄豆黄素专注于炎症介质抑制,这种协同作用为代谢性炎症疾病的多靶点干预提供数据支撑。
有机溶剂浸提法是大豆异黄酮提取的常用方法,其原理是利用有机溶剂溶解固体样品中的目标成分。乙醇因其安全性和经济性已成为工业生产的首选溶剂[54]。Murphy等[55]系统比较乙腈、丙酮、甲醇和乙醇对五种不同大豆制品(大豆粉、豆腐、豆豉、组织化植物蛋白和大豆胚芽)中异黄酮的提取效果,发现乙腈对大豆粉的提取效率最高(7.314 mmol/g),其次为丙酮(7.293 mmol/g)、甲醇(7.232 mmol/g)和乙醇(6.704 mmol/g),所有样品中大豆胚芽的异黄酮提取率最高,为47.812±1 mmol/g。尽管乙腈、丙酮和甲醇的提取效率较高,但其毒性大、成本高且后续处理复杂,限制了工业应用。Tran等[56]通过响应面法优化了乙醇提取工艺参数,确定80%乙醇提取大豆异黄酮的最佳条件为温度72.5 ℃,提取时间67.5 min,料液比26.5:1(mL:g),提取率达到1932.44 μg/g,此提取方法环境污染低,更具安全性以及节约成本,因此利用价值更高。综合安全性、经济性与工业化可行性,乙醇提取法仍为更具实际应用价值的优选工艺。
超声提取法是在有机溶剂浸提法的基础上,利用不同的超声波振动击碎植物细胞壁,加快植物细胞内有效成分与溶剂的接触面积,实现快速且充分融合,从而达到分离提取的目的。Luthria等[57]研究表明,在相同溶剂提取下,超声提取的大豆异黄酮得率为4284.1 μg/g,较传统有机溶剂浸提法(3011.5 μg/g)提高了42.3%。周文红等[58]通过单因素实验和正交试验确定超声提取大豆异黄酮的最佳工艺,结果表明,各因素对大豆异黄酮提取率影响大小的顺序为:提取温度>提取时间>料液比>乙醇浓度;在乙醇浓度为80%、提取温度为80 ℃、提取时间为1.5 h、液料比为35:1(mL:g)的工艺条件下,大豆异黄酮的提取率达到最高,为10.88 mg/g。综上,超声提取法通过空化效应强化细胞破壁与传质过程,在提高大豆异黄酮提取效率、缩短提取时间方面显著优于传统有机溶剂浸提法,且通过工艺参数优化可进一步提升提取率,其高效、节能的特性使其在工业化连续生产中具备突出的应用优势。
微波提取法(Microwave-assisted Extraction,MAE)是利用交变电流产生的电磁场效应,使分子产生极性交换运动,促进细胞壁破裂和目标成分快速溶出[54]。Ðurović等[59]系统研究了微波提取参数(时间、温度和功率)对大豆粉中6种主要异黄酮单体的提取效率的影响,研究发现,当提取温度从55 ℃升高到75 ℃,时间从2 min增加到5 min,或功率从25 W提高到50 W时,异黄酮提取率均显著增加,但当提取温度从75 ℃升高到85 ℃或时间从5 min增加到10 min时,异黄酮提取率无显著差异,当功率从50 W增加到75 W时,异黄酮发生降解导致提取效率降低,最终确定在75 ℃,微波功率75 W下辐射5 min,总异黄酮提取率最高,达到830 μg/g,较传统有机溶剂浸提法(380 μg/g)提高118%,较超声提取法(480 μg/g)提高73%。由此可见,微波提取法通过电磁场效应加速分子运动与细胞壁破裂,大豆异黄酮提取效率对温度、时间和功率存在显著的参数依赖性。在适宜范围内提升参数可显著提高大豆异黄酮提取率,但超过临界值则可能因异黄酮降解而降低。相较于传统有机溶剂浸提法和超声提取法,该方法在提取率和提取时间方面均有显著优势。
超临界萃取技术是一种新兴的绿色分离提取技术,其原理是在超临界状态下,将超临界流体与待分离的物质接触,使其有选择性地把目标成分依次萃取出来。与传统溶剂浸提法相比,具有萃取效率高、无溶剂残留、操作条件温和等优点,有效保持了天然活性物质的特性。针对大豆异黄酮极性较强,通常需要添加夹带剂以增强超临界CO2的溶解性,提高提取效率,最为常用的夹带剂为乙醇。左玉帮[11]系统优化了以甲醇与乙醇为夹带剂的超临界CO2萃取工艺,并对比分析其提取大豆异黄酮的效能差异。结果显示,甲醇优势显著但工业应用受限,以80%甲醇为夹带剂时,总异黄酮提取量达2458.8 μg/g,显著高于70%乙醇(1828.4 μg/g);然而乙醇体系虽提取量略低,但兼具安全性、经济性及工艺兼容性(可直接用于食品级提取物制备)。Kao等[60]系统研究了有机溶剂浸提法(50%乙醇)与超临界CO2萃取法(以70%乙醇为夹带剂)在不同温度和压力条件下对大豆异黄酮成分的提取特性,结果显示,超临界CO2萃取法在60 ℃、35 MPa条件下可实现总异黄酮含量最大化(3279±66.0 μg/g),其中丙二酰葡萄糖苷(798±19.6 μg/g)与葡萄糖苷(1982±44.4 μg/g)的提取效率显著,而80 ℃、35 MPa条件下则显著提升乙酰葡萄糖苷(396±15.7 μg/g)和苷元(274±6.6 μg/g)的产率。通过对比两种提取方法发现,虽然超临界CO2提取总异黄酮收率(3279 μg/g)低于有机溶剂浸提法(5010 μg/g),但其对乙酰葡萄糖苷和苷元的提取优势突出,适用于高活性苷元类成分的富集。但该方法的设备维护成本相对较高,还未大规模投入到异黄酮的实际提取生产中。
综上所述,目前针对大豆异黄酮的提取已开发出多种技术,部分方法已具备一定的工业应用潜力,其中有机溶剂浸提法以乙醇为代表,凭借安全性高、成本低的优势成为工业生产的基础方法,但提取效率相对有限;超声与微波提取法能显著提升提取效率并缩短时间,且工艺参数的可控性使其更适配工业化连续生产,是传统方法的高效升级方案;超临界CO2萃取法作为绿色技术,虽总提取量可能不及有机溶剂法,却能实现对特定活性成分的高选择性富集,且具有无溶剂残留、操作条件温和的特点。实际应用中,需根据生产目标、成本预算、环保要求等因素综合权衡,选择适宜的提取方法。未来应聚焦多技术联用,以进一步提升提取效果和经济效益。不同提取方法汇总见表3。
紫外分光光度法(Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry,UV-Vis)是基于物质在特定波长下的特征吸收进行定量分析的方法。何恩铭等[66]建立了豆渣提取物中大豆异黄酮的快速分析方法,以染料木素为标准品,在260 nm波长处测定,结果显示该方法在1.31~11.79 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2为0.9995,具有较好的定量可靠性。Migues等[67]进一步优化该技术,通过分析6种异黄酮单体在200~400 nm范围内的特征紫外光谱,结合内标法量化样品中的异黄酮含量,经配对t检验证实,其结果与高效液相色谱法无显著性差异。尽管UV-Vis法因异黄酮单体共轭结构相似性易受干扰,通常只能进行总量分析,但结合内标法后,该方法也能对不同单体进行定量。此方法在大豆制品异黄酮的快速筛查和质量控制中具有潜在应用前景。
高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)因其较高的选择性和灵敏度,已成为大豆异黄酮定量分析的主流方法。如表4所示,该方法常用C18反相色谱柱作为分离柱,流动相中有机相以甲醇或乙腈为主,水相以甲酸水或乙酸水为主。在色谱分离过程中,大豆异黄酮各单体的洗脱顺序呈现明显规律,葡萄糖苷型异黄酮洗脱最快,随后依次为丙二酰基型、乙酰基型和苷元型异黄酮,每种苷元遵循大豆苷元、黄豆黄素和染料木素的顺序出峰[12]。于寒松等[68]建立了12种大豆异黄酮的超高效液相色谱的定量分析方法,采用SHIMADZU-GL Wonda Cract ODS2(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,以0.1%乙酸乙腈-0.1%乙酸水为流动相,方法在1~100 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2为0.9973~0.9997),为大豆异黄酮全谱系分析提供技术方案。
近年来,液相色谱-串联质谱法(Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)因其高灵敏度和强特异性,在大豆异黄酮检测中亦得到应用(表5)。研究表明,采用Luna®PFP色谱柱替代传统C18柱,可显著提升高极性异黄酮单体的分离效率,提高色谱峰信号强度并缩短分析时间,该方法检出限可达2.2~6.8 μg/L,定量限为7.4~22.8 μg/L[69],为复杂基质中痕量异黄酮单体的精准定量提供了技术支撑。
综上所述,UV-Vis、HPLC及LC-MS/MS是目前分析检测大豆异黄酮的主要方法,其中UV-Vis基于特征吸收光谱,具有操作快速、成本较低的优势,适用于快速鉴别与总量分析,但对单体的区分能力有限,HPLC法选择性好,可实现多种异黄酮单体的基线分离,LC-MS/MS则通过选择母离子-子离子对的选择性监测,具有高灵敏度和强特异性,可有效克服基质干扰,尤其适用于复杂基质样品中异黄酮的痕量检测。
糖苷型异黄酮转化为苷元型异黄酮是大豆异黄酮实现生物活性和应用价值的关键步骤。目前,大豆异黄酮的水解方法主要包括酸水解法、碱水解法和酶解法三大类,不同糖苷转化方法的比较见表5。
酸水解法是利用大豆异黄酮糖苷在酸性条件下的水解特性,通过苷键质子化、断裂生成苷元。该方法通常采用盐酸、乙酸等无机酸或有机酸作为催化剂,结合乙醇或甲醇等溶剂进行水解提取,最终通过萃取获得苷元型异黄酮。该工艺水解大豆异黄酮糖苷水解率较高,但其反应温度高,强酸易腐蚀,对设备要求高[79]。成乐琴等[73]系统研究了乙酸催化异黄酮糖苷水解为苷元的工艺条件,通过考察反应温度、时间和乙酸浓度等关键因素,确定了最佳水解条件为反应温度160 ℃,水解时间4 h,乙酸浓度2.0 mol/L,此条件下糖苷水解率达92.2%。于丽颖等[74]通过优化复合有机酸催化体系,实现大豆异黄酮糖苷向活性苷元的高效转化,在135 ℃反应温度、160 min反应时间及苹果酸:柠檬酸=4:3的复合酸配比下,糖苷水解率达到97%。相较于单一酸水解,采用复合有机酸催化水解工艺更绿色环保,可有效降低水解时间以及反应温度,且水解产物可直接作为保健食品原料,具有较高的应用价值。
碱水解法是通过碱性条件促使大豆异黄酮糖苷发生水解反应的重要方法。该方法主要经历两个转化阶段,首先在温和碱性条件下,共轭苷(丙二酰基和乙酰基糖苷)水解生成葡萄糖苷型异黄酮,随后在更强碱性条件下,葡萄糖苷进一步水解生成具有更高生物活性的苷元形式。然而,碱性条件下得到的苷元型大豆异黄酮存在稳定性差、易降解、纯度偏低等问题。黎尔纳等[75]系统研究了不同水解工艺对酱油渣中大豆异黄酮糖苷的转化效率,发现对照组异黄酮苷元含量为38.709 mg/g,单一碱水解组含量提升至52.053 mg/g,水解率为34%,先碱水解后酸水解组含量达到67.314 mg/g,水解率显著提升至74%,表明碱酸两步水解工艺在大豆异黄酮糖苷的水解率显著优于单一碱水解工艺,为优化酱油渣中异黄酮成分提取工艺提供了重要依据。
酶法水解大豆异黄酮糖苷的反应条件较为温和,多在弱酸性缓冲溶液中进行,产物稳定性高,是目前大豆异黄酮糖苷水解最具发展前景的工艺。现有研究表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶和糖化酶等均能有效催化糖苷水解[79],其中β-葡萄糖苷酶是目前酶解大豆糖苷中应用最广的酶,其在45~65 ℃下能够发挥较好的活性,水解率显著高于纤维素酶和β-半乳糖苷酶[78]。不同来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶催化效率存在一定差异。Yang等[76]比较了嗜热假单胞菌和杏仁来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶对五种大豆制品的转化效果,发现真菌嗜热假单胞菌来源的酶催化效率更高,50 ℃处理8 h后仍保持95%以上活性,且不同大豆制品的酶解效果存在显著差异,其总异黄酮中异黄酮苷元含量的比较为:大豆粉提取物(45.9%±2.4%)>豆浆(43.5%±1.3%)>大豆胚提取物(42.8%±1.8%)>大豆粉沉淀物(40.9%±0.5%)>大豆粉上清液(38.9%±0.4%)。此外,Yan等[77]从土曲霉中分离纯化的β-葡萄糖苷酶在pH5.0和65 ℃时活性最佳,对大豆苷元、染料木素和黄豆黄素的水解率分别达到95.8%、86.7%和72.1%,且具有优异的胃蛋白酶/胰蛋白酶耐受性,进一步拓展了其应用场景。
综上所述,酸水解法、碱水解法和酶解法在大豆异黄酮糖苷转化中各具特点,其中酸水解法通过强酸催化实现高效水解,但存在高温强酸腐蚀设备、操作条件严苛等问题,复合有机酸体系可提升环保性,为工艺优化提供了新思路;碱水解法通过分步转化生成苷元,但其产物稳定性差,虽碱酸两步法可显著提升水解率,但仍需解决产物稳定性难题;酶解法凭借温和的反应条件、高产物稳定性及良好的选择性脱颖而出,尤其是β-葡萄糖苷酶因催化效率高、耐受性强成为研究热点。未来应聚焦绿色催化剂开发、复合酶系协同作用机制研究,以及基于底物特性的精准酶解工艺设计,以实现大豆异黄酮糖苷的高效、可持续转化。
大豆异黄酮作为一种重要的生物活性物质,在缓解女性围绝经期综合征、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等方面表现出显著效果,医药价值巨大。但针对我国在大豆异黄酮生理功能方面的研究还不够深入,大豆异黄酮的提取方法及其在工业上的应用不够成熟,异黄酮糖苷向苷元的转化工艺过程繁琐仍不完善,严重制约了大豆异黄酮产业应用的健康发展。本人在总结前人研究的基础上,尝试给出如下可能的研究重点:深入探究大豆异黄酮各单体在雌激素受体亚型(ERα/ERβ)、肠道菌群代谢轴、胃肠道细胞、信号通路中的精准调控机制,系统解析其生物利用度规律,全面揭示大豆异黄酮各单体的生理功能作用机制及其体内利用度;构建绿色高效的提取技术体系,研发新型分离材料,优化超临界萃取技术参数,通过多技术协同联用提升大豆异黄酮提取效率,并建立大豆异黄酮提取动力学模型,实现对大豆异黄酮提取过程的精确调控与效率优化;定性改造β-葡萄糖苷酶底物结合口袋提升催化效率,筛选高活性肠道益生菌菌株,开发糖苷转化与绿色提取的耦合技术,满足高纯度大豆异黄酮苷元产业化需求。在此基础上,加强大豆异黄酮在功能性食品、保健品和药品等领域的应用研究,拓展其应用范围与价值。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050119
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
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    1河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸 056038
    2中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,农业农村部农产品加工综合性重点实验室,北京 100193

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李春梅(1986−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:农产品品质评价,E-mail:。
刘贵巧(1969−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:农产品质量与安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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