Article(id=1320884061724332793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852901154, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852901154, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852901154, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852901154, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=333, endPage=346, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884061913076474, articleId=1320884061724332793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Characterization of the Seed Metabolic Profile Differences between Two Different Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) Materials Using the Comparative Metabolomic and Lipidomic Approaches, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the differences in metabolic profile characteristics of Thlaspi arvense seeds between Shandong and Gansu, this study employed an integrated analysis approach combining metabolomics and lipidomics. Two superior materials from Gansu (GS) and Shandong (SD), screened from five Thlaspi arvense resources collected from different regions in China, were subjected to identification and comparative analysis of their seed metabolic profile characteristics. Untargeted analysis had detected 645 metabolites, dominated by lipids/lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids/polyketides, and organic acid derivatives. Targeted lipidomics had identified 1133 lipid species, primarily glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and glycolipids, with triacylglycerols (TG) as the core component. Through principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and metabolic pathway analysis, 21 differentially accumulated metabolites and 112 differentially accumulated lipids have been identified (OPLS-DA VIP>1, P value<0.05, FC>1 or <1). GS pennycress showed significantly upregulated lipid accumulation, enriching medium- to long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and demonstrating broader improvement potential in TG biosynthesis. By contrast, SD pennycress prioritized the accumulation of medicinal secondary metabolites (e.g., tannins, alkaloids), consistent with KEGG enrichment results. This study therefore provides critical insights for the functional food development and genetic improvement of pennycress seeds.

, authors=Song YANG1, Xianyue SU1, Yanyi LI1, Yingpeng ZHANG1, Haidi YANG1, Trungtín HOÀNG2, Tao LIU1, Yong SHEN1, *, Xiaoyu XU1, *, authorsList=Song YANG, Xianyue SU, Yanyi LI, Yingpeng ZHANG, Haidi YANG, Trungtín HOÀNG, Tao LIU, Yong SHEN, Xiaoyu XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong SHEN, Xiaoyu XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884063322362629, articleId=1320884061724332793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=比较代谢组和脂质组学联合分析两份不同来源菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征差异, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究山东与甘肃菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征差异,本文采用代谢组学(Metabolomics)与脂质组学(Lipidomics)联合分析方法,对从国内不同地区收集的5份菥蓂资源中筛选出的甘肃(GanSu,GS)、山东(ShanDong,SD)两份优良材料,开展种子代谢谱特征的鉴定与差异比较。结果显示,非靶向代谢组学共检测到了645种代谢物,其含量组成以脂质及类脂质分子、苯丙烷类和聚酮类物质、有机酸及其衍生物等为主;靶向脂质组学共检测到了1133种脂类物质,主要包括甘油脂类、甘油磷脂类、糖脂类等,其中甘油三酯(TG)是核心成分。通过主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)、代谢通路差异分析,共鉴定出21种显著差异代谢物和112种显著差异脂质(OPLS-DA VIP>1,P value<0.05,FC>1或<1),GS菥蓂在脂质相关的物质中含量积累显著上调,不仅能够富集更多的中长链不饱和脂肪酸,而且在TG的生物合成路径中还表现出了更广阔的改良空间,SD菥蓂则更多偏向于积累具有药用价值的次生代谢成分,如单宁、生物碱等,这与KEGG富集分析的结果一致。本研究可为菥蓂种子的功能性食品化资源开发利用和改良提供理论参考。

, authors=杨松1, 苏仙月1, 李妍逸1, 张应鹏1, 杨海迪1, 黄忠信2, 刘涛1, 沈勇1, *, 徐笑宇1, *, authorsList=杨松, 苏仙月, 李妍逸, 张应鹏, 杨海迪, 黄忠信, 刘涛, 沈勇, 徐笑宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈勇, 徐笑宇, authorNote=

杨松(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源植物资源开发利用,E-mail:

苏仙月(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:油料植物种质资源评价,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
沈勇(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药学和功能产品研发,E-mail:。
徐笑宇(1990−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:植物脂质代谢工程,E-mail:。
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Agronomy, 2019, 9(6): 302., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320884063561437958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884063574020871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, companyId=1320884063561437958, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884063582409480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, companyId=1320884063561437958, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明 650201)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884063653712649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884063666295562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, companyId=1320884063653712649, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Thái Nguyên University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City 252160, Vietnam), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884063678878475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, companyId=1320884063653712649, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2越南太原农林大学,越南太原 252160)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320884068959507267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Morphological performance of flowering plants and mature seeds from five pennycress materials cultivated in Kunming, figureFileSmall=FNEKOefFfFfDtxyFaU5eGA==, figureFileBig=7/wmepWWbkCyS2b0tPPYig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069047587652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=图1, caption=五份参试菥蓂材料在昆明种植后的盛花期植株与成熟种子形态表现

注:A. 盛花期菥蓂的全株形态;B. 成熟种子的形态。

, figureFileSmall=FNEKOefFfFfDtxyFaU5eGA==, figureFileBig=7/wmepWWbkCyS2b0tPPYig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069232137029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Non-Targeted metabolomic comparison analysis of GS and SD pennycress seeds, figureFileSmall=mTOX6meMf9wYPI7UgV2Gpg==, figureFileBig=9kPcgXZqDMao0cR3vjFv4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069311828806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=图2, caption=GS和SD菥蓂种子的非靶向代谢组学比较分析(GS vs. SD)

注:A. 总代谢物积累丰度热图;B. PCA分析;C. 正离子检测模式下的差异代谢物火山图;D. 负离子检测模式下的差异代谢物火山图;总体差异代谢物的筛选标准为FC(fold-change,差异倍数)值>1.5(积累上调)或<0.67(积累下调),P value值<0.05;C、D图中的纵坐标为T检验的P value值的lg负对数,横坐标为差异表达倍数的log2对数。

, figureFileSmall=mTOX6meMf9wYPI7UgV2Gpg==, figureFileBig=9kPcgXZqDMao0cR3vjFv4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069366354759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Targeted lipidomics comparison analysis of GS and SD pennycress seeds (GS vs. SD), figureFileSmall=VAOppWyMruDZoth/eFYa6g==, figureFileBig=rvl2EbmmP6qOae8Lw1DVbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069429269320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=图3, caption=GS和SD菥蓂种子的靶向脂质组学比较分析(GS vs. SD)

注:A. 总脂质亚类和脂质分子数量统计图;B. OPLS-DA分析;C. 核心差异脂质TG的链长度分析;D. 核心差异脂质TG的链饱和度分析。TG差异分子的筛选以OPLS-DA 变量权重值(Variable Importance for the Projection,VIP)>1 和 P<0.05 作为筛选标准;LPA(Lysophosphatidic acid),溶血磷脂酸;LPC(Lysophosphatidylcholine),溶血磷脂酰胆碱;LPE(Lysophosphatidylethanolamine),溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺;LPG(Lysophosphatidylglycerol),溶血磷脂酰甘油;LPI(Lysophosphatidylinositol),溶血磷脂酰肌醇;PA(Phosphatidic acid),磷脂酸;PC(Phosphatidylcholine),磷脂酰胆碱;PE(Phosphatidylethanolamine),磷脂酰乙醇胺;PE-O(Phosphatidylethanolamine-Plasmalogen),醚型磷脂酰乙醇胺;PE-P(Phosphatidylethanolamine-Phosphatidyl),磷酸基磷脂酰乙醇胺;PG(Phosphatidylglycerol),磷脂酰甘油;PI(Phosphatidylinoitol),磷脂酰肌醇;PS(Phosphatidylserine),磷脂酰丝氨酸;DG(Diacylglycerol),二酰基甘油;MG(Monoacylglycerol),单酰基甘油;TG(Triacylglycerol),三酰基甘油;ChE(Cholesteryl Ester),胆固醇酯;Cer(Ceramide),鞘氨醇;DHCer(Dihydroceramide),二氢鞘氨醇;Hex1Cer(Monohexosylceramide),单己糖基鞘氨醇;Hex2Cer(Dihexosylceramide),双己糖基鞘氨醇;SM(Sphingomyelin),鞘磷脂;DGDG(Digalactosyldiacylglycerol),二半乳糖基二酰基甘油;MGDG(Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol);单半乳糖基二酰基甘油;SQDG(Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol),硫代鼠李糖基二酰基甘油;FA(Fatty Acyls),脂肪酰类;表3同。

, figureFileSmall=VAOppWyMruDZoth/eFYa6g==, figureFileBig=rvl2EbmmP6qOae8Lw1DVbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069492183881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Correlation analysis between significantly differential metabolites and differential lipids, figureFileSmall=maPjC4MXpmIZaIfu1i2PQQ==, figureFileBig=mw+Bazid7IgvogrosXVodA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069555098442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=图4, caption=显著性差异代谢物和差异脂质的相关性分析

注:A. 前20种显著性差异代谢物的KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)富集通路气泡图;B. 前20种显著性差异脂质KEGG的富集通路气泡图;C. 显著性差异代谢物的相关性热图;D. 显著性差异脂质的相关性和弦图;气泡图中的每一个气泡代表一个代谢通路(根据P value选择显著性最高的前20条),气泡越大表示影响因子越大;颜色越深表明富集程度越显著;图C的上、下部分分别对应负、正离子检测模式下的相关性;图D中内圈连接线的起点代表脂质分子,外圈弧线表示脂质亚类,彩色线条表示亚类脂质分子间的相关性(线条与亚类同色),线条越粗,表示相关性越高。

, figureFileSmall=maPjC4MXpmIZaIfu1i2PQQ==, figureFileBig=mw+Bazid7IgvogrosXVodA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069672538955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Heatmap visualization of the TG biosynthetic pathway differences in pennycress seeds between GS and SD materials (GS vs. SD), figureFileSmall=4nCIt6G7Kmo7Y8kPZ2reqA==, figureFileBig=afXyCdt0Pe22KHjL3Qk1aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069735453516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=图5, caption=GS和SD菥蓂种子在TG生物合成路径中的可视化热图差异比较(GS vs. SD)

注:G3P(Glycero-3-phosphate),甘油-3-磷酸碳骨架。

, figureFileSmall=4nCIt6G7Kmo7Y8kPZ2reqA==, figureFileBig=afXyCdt0Pe22KHjL3Qk1aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884069806756685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of major agronomic traits of five experimental pennycress materials at the mature stage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菥蓂来源株高(cm)分枝数(个)单株产量(g)种子千粒重(g)
甘肃58.00±8.49d20.00±3.54a11.52±1.60b1.22±0.04c
安徽61.50±9.19c14.00±3.53c9.27±0.414e1.16±0.07e
江苏64.00±8.49b7.00±2.83e11.17±1.15c1.21±0.04d
山东68.50±6.63a19.00±9.19b13.09±0.72a1.28±0.007a
吉林42.50±7.78e13.00±6.36d10.94±1.05d1.24±0.06b
), ArticleFig(id=1320884069869671246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

五份参试菥蓂材料在成熟期的主要生产农艺性状比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菥蓂来源株高(cm)分枝数(个)单株产量(g)种子千粒重(g)
甘肃58.00±8.49d20.00±3.54a11.52±1.60b1.22±0.04c
安徽61.50±9.19c14.00±3.53c9.27±0.414e1.16±0.07e
江苏64.00±8.49b7.00±2.83e11.17±1.15c1.21±0.04d
山东68.50±6.63a19.00±9.19b13.09±0.72a1.28±0.007a
吉林42.50±7.78e13.00±6.36d10.94±1.05d1.24±0.06b
), ArticleFig(id=1320884069936780111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fatty acid composition (%) and total lipid contents (mg/g) of mature seeds in five experimental pennycress materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菥蓂
来源
中长链饱和
脂肪酸
(C16:0+C18:0)(%)
中长链单不饱和
脂肪酸
(C16:1+C18:1)(%)
中长链多不饱和
脂肪酸
(C18:2+C18:3)(%)
长链饱和
脂肪酸
(C20:0+C22:0)(%)
长链单不饱和
脂肪酸
(C20:1+C22:1)(%)
长链多不饱和
脂肪酸
(C20:2)(%)
其他脂肪酸
(%)
总脂质含量
(mg/g)
吉林2.50±0.39b2.05±0.22c7.84±0.26c1.28±0.88b81.47±0.87c2.94±0.07c2.92±0.56a8.19±0.54c
安徽1.92±0.62c2.42±0.24b8.34±0.20a0.93±0.16d81.08±0.33c3.02±0.13b2.29±0.67b7.86±1.32c
山东3.20±0.26a2.63±0.28a8.41±0.20a1.13±0.29c80.06±0.29d2.82±0.02d1.76±0.13d6.21±1.33d
江苏2.02±0.24c1.54±0.47d8.01±0.41b5.05±0.67a89.32±0.32a2.94±0.13c2.18±0.37c8.78±0.68b
甘肃1.73±0.20d1.38±0.16d6.61±0.19d0.86±0.64d84.95±0.16b3.20±0.62a2.29±0.51b9.22±1.32a
), ArticleFig(id=1320884070003888976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

五份参试菥蓂材料成熟种子的脂肪酸组成(%)与总脂质含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菥蓂
来源
中长链饱和
脂肪酸
(C16:0+C18:0)(%)
中长链单不饱和
脂肪酸
(C16:1+C18:1)(%)
中长链多不饱和
脂肪酸
(C18:2+C18:3)(%)
长链饱和
脂肪酸
(C20:0+C22:0)(%)
长链单不饱和
脂肪酸
(C20:1+C22:1)(%)
长链多不饱和
脂肪酸
(C20:2)(%)
其他脂肪酸
(%)
总脂质含量
(mg/g)
吉林2.50±0.39b2.05±0.22c7.84±0.26c1.28±0.88b81.47±0.87c2.94±0.07c2.92±0.56a8.19±0.54c
安徽1.92±0.62c2.42±0.24b8.34±0.20a0.93±0.16d81.08±0.33c3.02±0.13b2.29±0.67b7.86±1.32c
山东3.20±0.26a2.63±0.28a8.41±0.20a1.13±0.29c80.06±0.29d2.82±0.02d1.76±0.13d6.21±1.33d
江苏2.02±0.24c1.54±0.47d8.01±0.41b5.05±0.67a89.32±0.32a2.94±0.13c2.18±0.37c8.78±0.68b
甘肃1.73±0.20d1.38±0.16d6.61±0.19d0.86±0.64d84.95±0.16b3.20±0.62a2.29±0.51b9.22±1.32a
), ArticleFig(id=1320884070100357969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Classification of significantly differential metabolites and differential lipid classes (GS vs SD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物种类代谢物名称VIP值FC值代谢物
种类
代谢物名称VIP值FC值代谢物
种类
代谢物名称VIP值FC值代谢物
种类
代谢物名称VIP值FC值
     显著差异代谢物显著差异脂质显著差异脂质显著差异脂质
黄酮化合物(Flavonoids)紫罗兰酮(Violanone)5.037.14GLTG(53:1)-FA17:01.630.91GPPC(14:0/16:0)1.661.48SLMGDG(18:2/18:3)1.680.58
DG(18:1/18:3)1.610.54PE(14:0/16:0)1.652.35MGDG(16:3/18:3)1.630.60
5,7-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮(5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-8-one)3.488.45TG(52:4)-FA20:21.611.08PC(16:0/18:2)1.631.46MGDG(18:1/18:3)1.6020.58
MG(18:3)1.611.7PG(14:0/18:2)1.621.32MGDG(18:1/18:2)1.590.59
DG(18:1/19:0)1.600.48DGDG(16:3/20:3)1.590.65
2',6'-二羟基-4'-甲氧基查耳酮(2',6'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone-4'-O-neohesperid)1.410.21MG(18:1)1.591.27PE(15:0/16:0)1.621.41MGDG(18:3/18:3)1.590.57
TG(56:6)-FA20:41.590.74PE(16:0/14:0)1.612.10DGDG(16:3/20:1)1.580.66
3,5-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-7-[3,4,5-三羟基-6-(羟甲基)氧杂-2-基]氧基-2,3-二氢铬-4-酮(3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one)1.020.33TG(51:1)-FA17:01.591.18LPI(17:0)1.611.32MGDG(16:0/18:3)1.570.64
MG(18:2)1.581.27MGDG(18:2/18:2)1.540.58
吲哚类及其衍生物(Indoles and derivatives)色氨酸(Tryptophan)1.183.54TG(53:2)-FA16:01.570.86PA(16:0/16:0)1.612.84DGDG(18:1/18:2)1.530.68
TG(52:5)-FA14:01.571.07PE(O-16:0/16:0)1.591.88MGDG(16:2/18:3)1.520.60
羧酸类及其衍生物(Carboxylic acids and derivatives)哌啶酸(Pipecolic acid)1.850.10MG(20:1)1.561.26PA(18:1/20:1)1.591.49DGDG(16:3/18:3)1.520.69
甜菜碱(Betaine)1.542.20TG(53:1)-FA18:11.560.88PE(20:3/20:3)1.581.35DGDG(18:2/18:2)1.460.67
天冬酰胺(Asparagine)1.042.14MG(20:2)1.561.28PE(16:0/16:0)1.562.46DGDG(16:2/18:3)1.460.71
有机氮化合物(Organonitrogen compounds)胆碱(Choline)6.940.56TG(58:8)-FA20:31.560.72PE(O-16:0/18:2)1.561.34SQDG(18:1/18:3)1.452.10
水苏糖(Stachyose)1.670.51TG(51:2)-FA16:01.561.17DGDG(18:2/18:3)1.410.66
四糖(Tetrasaccharides(Hex-Hex-Hex-Hex))1.380.48TG(53:3)-FA16:01.550.80PC(14:0/18:2)1.551.47MGDG(16:3/20:3)1.350.57
胍丁胺(Agmatine)1.302.30TG(50:0)-FA16:01.541.20SPCer (d18:1/24:0)1.231.23
帕拉金糖(Palatinose)1.130.38TG(56:7)-FA20:41.540.74PA(16:0/20:1)1.551.54
脂肪酰基(Fatty Acyls)FA 19:13.180.24TG(57:3)-FA18:21.530.72
棕榈油酸(Palmitoleic acid)1.280.26TG(53:2)-FA18:11.520.86PI(16:0/16:0)1.531.39
异苯并二氢吡喃醌类化合物(Isochromanequinones)马卡因(Marticin)1.540.01TG(51:2)-FA17:01.521.14PA(18:0/20:0)1.521.53
TG(51:3)-FA18:31.511.10
MG(16:1)1.511.29
肉桂酸及其衍生物(Cinnamic acids and derivative)岩黄芪双香豆素D
(Hedysarimcoumestan D)
1.250.08DG(20:0/20:1)1.511.32PG(20:0/18:1)1.501.71
TG(50:5)-FA20:51.511.19LPE(15:0)1.491.41
单宁(Tannin)2-羟基-3-甲氧基-4-己氧基苯甲酸
(Benzoic acid+1O,1MeO,O-Hex)
1.190.17TG(51:2)-FA18:21.501.13PE(16:0/18:2)1.491.36
苯及其取代衍生物
(Benzene and substituted
derivatives)
苯锈啶
(Fenpropimorph)
3.160.41TG(53:2)-FA17:01.500.86PC(18:0/18:3)1.471.43
TG(50:1)-FA16:01.481.19
生物碱及其衍生物
(Alkaloids and
derivatives)
葫芦巴碱
(Trigonelline)
1.490.37TG(55:4)-FA18:11.470.76PC(17:0/18:1)1.451.45
TG(53:3)-FA17:01.470.79
木蝴蝶黄酮苷B
(Oroxin B)
1.290.21TG(51:1)-FA16:01.471.18PE(14:0/18:2)1.451.4
TG(51:1)-FA18:11.471.18
TG(51:3)-FA17:01.471.12PA(18:1/16:1)1.440.79
TG(53:1)-FA18:01.460.90
TG(51:2)-FA16:11.461.14PI(15:0/17:0)1.441.43
DG(16:0/18:1)1.460.74
TG(49:1)-FA16:01.451.21PI(18:0/18:2)1.440.86
DG(18:0/18:1)1.450.55
TG(53:4)-FA18:21.440.78PA(18:1/20:0)1.431.68
TG(50:1)-FA18:11.431.19
TG(55:3)-FA18:11.430.76PE(17:0/19:0)1.420.72
TG(53:4)-FA16:01.430.78
DG(16:1/17:0)1.430.71PI(20:0/18:2)1.411.63
DG(17:0/18:2)1.430.56
TG(53:2)-FA18:21.420.84PC(18:0/18:0)1.411.45
TG(55:1)-FA16:01.410.77
TG(53:3)-FA18:21.410.79PC(18:0/18:2)1.401.44
TG(55:5)-FA18:11.410.76
DG(18:1/18:1)1.410.55PE(18:0/16:0)1.381.88
TG(55:3)-FA18:21.390.76
TG(55:2)-FA18:11.370.77PC(18:1/18:2)1.371.43
TG(55:1)-FA18:11.360.77
DG(16:0/18:0)1.360.75PS(18:2/20:1)1.370.74
TG(51:3)-FA16:11.341.13LPE(18:1)1.331.42
TG(48:1)-FA14:01.311.22PE(O-18:0/18:1)1.331.32
TG(56:1)-FA18:11.300.74PE(P-20:1/18:0)1.220.71
), ArticleFig(id=1320884070188438354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884061724332793, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

显著性差异代谢物和差异脂质分类(GS vs SD)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物种类代谢物名称VIP值FC值代谢物
种类
代谢物名称VIP值FC值代谢物
种类
代谢物名称VIP值FC值代谢物
种类
代谢物名称VIP值FC值
     显著差异代谢物显著差异脂质显著差异脂质显著差异脂质
黄酮化合物(Flavonoids)紫罗兰酮(Violanone)5.037.14GLTG(53:1)-FA17:01.630.91GPPC(14:0/16:0)1.661.48SLMGDG(18:2/18:3)1.680.58
DG(18:1/18:3)1.610.54PE(14:0/16:0)1.652.35MGDG(16:3/18:3)1.630.60
5,7-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基苯并二氢吡喃-4-酮(5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-8-one)3.488.45TG(52:4)-FA20:21.611.08PC(16:0/18:2)1.631.46MGDG(18:1/18:3)1.6020.58
MG(18:3)1.611.7PG(14:0/18:2)1.621.32MGDG(18:1/18:2)1.590.59
DG(18:1/19:0)1.600.48DGDG(16:3/20:3)1.590.65
2',6'-二羟基-4'-甲氧基查耳酮(2',6'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxychalcone-4'-O-neohesperid)1.410.21MG(18:1)1.591.27PE(15:0/16:0)1.621.41MGDG(18:3/18:3)1.590.57
TG(56:6)-FA20:41.590.74PE(16:0/14:0)1.612.10DGDG(16:3/20:1)1.580.66
3,5-二羟基-2-(4-羟基苯基)-7-[3,4,5-三羟基-6-(羟甲基)氧杂-2-基]氧基-2,3-二氢铬-4-酮(3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one)1.020.33TG(51:1)-FA17:01.591.18LPI(17:0)1.611.32MGDG(16:0/18:3)1.570.64
MG(18:2)1.581.27MGDG(18:2/18:2)1.540.58
吲哚类及其衍生物(Indoles and derivatives)色氨酸(Tryptophan)1.183.54TG(53:2)-FA16:01.570.86PA(16:0/16:0)1.612.84DGDG(18:1/18:2)1.530.68
TG(52:5)-FA14:01.571.07PE(O-16:0/16:0)1.591.88MGDG(16:2/18:3)1.520.60
羧酸类及其衍生物(Carboxylic acids and derivatives)哌啶酸(Pipecolic acid)1.850.10MG(20:1)1.561.26PA(18:1/20:1)1.591.49DGDG(16:3/18:3)1.520.69
甜菜碱(Betaine)1.542.20TG(53:1)-FA18:11.560.88PE(20:3/20:3)1.581.35DGDG(18:2/18:2)1.460.67
天冬酰胺(Asparagine)1.042.14MG(20:2)1.561.28PE(16:0/16:0)1.562.46DGDG(16:2/18:3)1.460.71
有机氮化合物(Organonitrogen compounds)胆碱(Choline)6.940.56TG(58:8)-FA20:31.560.72PE(O-16:0/18:2)1.561.34SQDG(18:1/18:3)1.452.10
水苏糖(Stachyose)1.670.51TG(51:2)-FA16:01.561.17DGDG(18:2/18:3)1.410.66
四糖(Tetrasaccharides(Hex-Hex-Hex-Hex))1.380.48TG(53:3)-FA16:01.550.80PC(14:0/18:2)1.551.47MGDG(16:3/20:3)1.350.57
胍丁胺(Agmatine)1.302.30TG(50:0)-FA16:01.541.20SPCer (d18:1/24:0)1.231.23
帕拉金糖(Palatinose)1.130.38TG(56:7)-FA20:41.540.74PA(16:0/20:1)1.551.54
脂肪酰基(Fatty Acyls)FA 19:13.180.24TG(57:3)-FA18:21.530.72
棕榈油酸(Palmitoleic acid)1.280.26TG(53:2)-FA18:11.520.86PI(16:0/16:0)1.531.39
异苯并二氢吡喃醌类化合物(Isochromanequinones)马卡因(Marticin)1.540.01TG(51:2)-FA17:01.521.14PA(18:0/20:0)1.521.53
TG(51:3)-FA18:31.511.10
MG(16:1)1.511.29
肉桂酸及其衍生物(Cinnamic acids and derivative)岩黄芪双香豆素D
(Hedysarimcoumestan D)
1.250.08DG(20:0/20:1)1.511.32PG(20:0/18:1)1.501.71
TG(50:5)-FA20:51.511.19LPE(15:0)1.491.41
单宁(Tannin)2-羟基-3-甲氧基-4-己氧基苯甲酸
(Benzoic acid+1O,1MeO,O-Hex)
1.190.17TG(51:2)-FA18:21.501.13PE(16:0/18:2)1.491.36
苯及其取代衍生物
(Benzene and substituted
derivatives)
苯锈啶
(Fenpropimorph)
3.160.41TG(53:2)-FA17:01.500.86PC(18:0/18:3)1.471.43
TG(50:1)-FA16:01.481.19
生物碱及其衍生物
(Alkaloids and
derivatives)
葫芦巴碱
(Trigonelline)
1.490.37TG(55:4)-FA18:11.470.76PC(17:0/18:1)1.451.45
TG(53:3)-FA17:01.470.79
木蝴蝶黄酮苷B
(Oroxin B)
1.290.21TG(51:1)-FA16:01.471.18PE(14:0/18:2)1.451.4
TG(51:1)-FA18:11.471.18
TG(51:3)-FA17:01.471.12PA(18:1/16:1)1.440.79
TG(53:1)-FA18:01.460.90
TG(51:2)-FA16:11.461.14PI(15:0/17:0)1.441.43
DG(16:0/18:1)1.460.74
TG(49:1)-FA16:01.451.21PI(18:0/18:2)1.440.86
DG(18:0/18:1)1.450.55
TG(53:4)-FA18:21.440.78PA(18:1/20:0)1.431.68
TG(50:1)-FA18:11.431.19
TG(55:3)-FA18:11.430.76PE(17:0/19:0)1.420.72
TG(53:4)-FA16:01.430.78
DG(16:1/17:0)1.430.71PI(20:0/18:2)1.411.63
DG(17:0/18:2)1.430.56
TG(53:2)-FA18:21.420.84PC(18:0/18:0)1.411.45
TG(55:1)-FA16:01.410.77
TG(53:3)-FA18:21.410.79PC(18:0/18:2)1.401.44
TG(55:5)-FA18:11.410.76
DG(18:1/18:1)1.410.55PE(18:0/16:0)1.381.88
TG(55:3)-FA18:21.390.76
TG(55:2)-FA18:11.370.77PC(18:1/18:2)1.371.43
TG(55:1)-FA18:11.360.77
DG(16:0/18:0)1.360.75PS(18:2/20:1)1.370.74
TG(51:3)-FA16:11.341.13LPE(18:1)1.331.42
TG(48:1)-FA14:01.311.22PE(O-18:0/18:1)1.331.32
TG(56:1)-FA18:11.300.74PE(P-20:1/18:0)1.220.71
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比较代谢组和脂质组学联合分析两份不同来源菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征差异
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杨松 1 , 苏仙月 1 , 李妍逸 1 , 张应鹏 1 , 杨海迪 1 , 黄忠信 2 , 刘涛 1 , 沈勇 1, * , 徐笑宇 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(8): 333-346
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (8) : 333 -346
比较代谢组和脂质组学联合分析两份不同来源菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征差异
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杨松(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源植物资源开发利用,E-mail:

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杨松(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源植物资源开发利用,E-mail:

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苏仙月(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:油料植物种质资源评价,E-mail:

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杨松1 , 苏仙月1 , 李妍逸1, 张应鹏1, 杨海迪1, 黄忠信2, 刘涛1, 沈勇1, * , 徐笑宇1, *
作者信息
  • 1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明 650201
  • 2越南太原农林大学,越南太原 252160
通讯作者:
沈勇(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药学和功能产品研发,E-mail:。
徐笑宇(1990−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:植物脂质代谢工程,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨松(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:药食同源植物资源开发利用,E-mail:

苏仙月(2003−),女,本科,研究方向:油料植物种质资源评价,E-mail:

Characterization of the Seed Metabolic Profile Differences between Two Different Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) Materials Using the Comparative Metabolomic and Lipidomic Approaches
Song YANG1 , Xianyue SU1 , Yanyi LI1, Yingpeng ZHANG1, Haidi YANG1, Trungtín HOÀNG2, Tao LIU1, Yong SHEN1, * , Xiaoyu XU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
  • 2Thái Nguyên University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City 252160, Vietnam
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050110
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为探究山东与甘肃菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征差异,本文采用代谢组学(Metabolomics)与脂质组学(Lipidomics)联合分析方法,对从国内不同地区收集的5份菥蓂资源中筛选出的甘肃(GanSu,GS)、山东(ShanDong,SD)两份优良材料,开展种子代谢谱特征的鉴定与差异比较。结果显示,非靶向代谢组学共检测到了645种代谢物,其含量组成以脂质及类脂质分子、苯丙烷类和聚酮类物质、有机酸及其衍生物等为主;靶向脂质组学共检测到了1133种脂类物质,主要包括甘油脂类、甘油磷脂类、糖脂类等,其中甘油三酯(TG)是核心成分。通过主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)、代谢通路差异分析,共鉴定出21种显著差异代谢物和112种显著差异脂质(OPLS-DA VIP>1,P value<0.05,FC>1或<1),GS菥蓂在脂质相关的物质中含量积累显著上调,不仅能够富集更多的中长链不饱和脂肪酸,而且在TG的生物合成路径中还表现出了更广阔的改良空间,SD菥蓂则更多偏向于积累具有药用价值的次生代谢成分,如单宁、生物碱等,这与KEGG富集分析的结果一致。本研究可为菥蓂种子的功能性食品化资源开发利用和改良提供理论参考。

菥蓂  /  种子  /  代谢组  /  脂质组  /  功能开发

To investigate the differences in metabolic profile characteristics of Thlaspi arvense seeds between Shandong and Gansu, this study employed an integrated analysis approach combining metabolomics and lipidomics. Two superior materials from Gansu (GS) and Shandong (SD), screened from five Thlaspi arvense resources collected from different regions in China, were subjected to identification and comparative analysis of their seed metabolic profile characteristics. Untargeted analysis had detected 645 metabolites, dominated by lipids/lipid-like molecules, phenylpropanoids/polyketides, and organic acid derivatives. Targeted lipidomics had identified 1133 lipid species, primarily glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and glycolipids, with triacylglycerols (TG) as the core component. Through principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and metabolic pathway analysis, 21 differentially accumulated metabolites and 112 differentially accumulated lipids have been identified (OPLS-DA VIP>1, P value<0.05, FC>1 or <1). GS pennycress showed significantly upregulated lipid accumulation, enriching medium- to long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and demonstrating broader improvement potential in TG biosynthesis. By contrast, SD pennycress prioritized the accumulation of medicinal secondary metabolites (e.g., tannins, alkaloids), consistent with KEGG enrichment results. This study therefore provides critical insights for the functional food development and genetic improvement of pennycress seeds.

Thlaspi arvense  /  seed  /  metabolome  /  lipidome  /  functional development
杨松, 苏仙月, 李妍逸, 张应鹏, 杨海迪, 黄忠信, 刘涛, 沈勇, 徐笑宇. 比较代谢组和脂质组学联合分析两份不同来源菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征差异. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 333 -346 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050110
Song YANG, Xianyue SU, Yanyi LI, Yingpeng ZHANG, Haidi YANG, Trungtín HOÀNG, Tao LIU, Yong SHEN, Xiaoyu XU. Characterization of the Seed Metabolic Profile Differences between Two Different Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) Materials Using the Comparative Metabolomic and Lipidomic Approaches[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 333 -346 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050110
菥蓂(Thlaspi arvense L.)是十字花科一年生草本植物,药食同源[1−2],在中国呈广域的分布格局,北起黑龙江,南至云南,具有多种不同的地域性称谓[2−3],例如败酱草、菥蓂子、遏蓝菜等。菥蓂的全生育期约150~160 d,发育阶段特征明显:幼苗期(30~40 d)呈基生叶莲座状,生长期(60~70 d)形成顶生总状花序,结果期(30~35 d)开始产生具龙骨状突起的短角果,成熟期(20~25 d)结果出黑褐色的椭圆形种子[1]。作为一味传统的中药材,菥蓂全株在各生育期均具有相当的药用价值,与其特有的黄酮类、硫苷类等次生代谢产物密切相关,临床上常用于目赤肿痛、淤血腹痛、风湿痹痛等症候的治疗[1−3]。此外,菥蓂的种子还富含油脂,含油量可达27%~39%,其中不饱和脂肪酸占比最高,低温压榨油体抗氧化性优于菜籽油,在保健食品和生物柴油领域具有广阔的开发潜力[4−6]。
菥蓂的应用历史可追溯至秦汉时期,长三角地区的居民一直将菥蓂作为时令野菜食用,形成了南翔罗汉菜、菥蓂烧肉片等地域名肴[2−3],目前菥蓂也已被开发为多种中成药制品[3,7]。现代研究通过色质谱分析技术从菥蓂种子中鉴定出了36类活性成分,包括10种芥子油苷(如黑芥子苷)、15种黄酮(如山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷)及11种酚酸类物质(如绿原酸)[8−9],均具有显著的药食同源价值,《食疗本草》更将菥蓂记载为具有“解热毒”功效的养生食品[10]。作为一种广生态幅的植物,菥蓂的高耐寒性和耐旱性支撑了其在我国七大地理分区中的广域性生长[11−12],主要功能性成分也因而差异显著[5,8−9],其中,种子因富含以油脂为主的多种物质最具代表性[13]。因此,全面解析菥蓂种子的代谢谱特征和差异,对于挖掘其潜在的应用价值至关重要[5−6]。对北美、欧洲、亚洲、南非等多个地区的174份菥蓂种质资源的研究表明,地理来源与其遗传多样性紧密相关,进而影响种子含油量及代谢产物的组成[14]。然而在国内,对菥蓂资源的研究开发目前仍处于初期阶段,尽管在中成药领域应用广泛,但依然尚无规模化的种植,仍以农家种和野生种为主进行生产[1−3]。相比之下,国外对菥蓂的育种驯化研究已取得明显进展,例如Mcginn等[15]已成功选育出专用型的栽培菥蓂品种Spring 32,成功进行了基于CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas9基因编辑系统的脂质品质改良。近年来,由于全球气候变化,在一定程度上引起了油菜(Brassica napus)、芝麻(Sesamum indicum)等大宗油料作物的产量下降[16−17],而菥蓂具有较强的耐逆性,可在部分边际土壤地带(如盐碱、旱地等)进行栽培[11−12],具有补充国家区域油料缺口的潜能,但尽管具有重要的经济价值,传统的“杂草”认知依然长期制约了我国菥蓂的资源开发利用[3]。
得益于全球对植物生物多样性资源开发利用的不断加强,菥蓂的研究领域逐步扩大,从农业生态[18−21]到食品加工开发[22−26]等方面都已有涉及。在此背景下,菥蓂的食用价值逐步获得了现代科学的认可,相关食用加工技术体系也得以不断优化发展[27−29]。营养学研究指出,在福建特色菜肴“败酱草烧肉片”中,菥蓂富含维生素C、膳食纤维,有清热解毒、消食健胃的作用,猪肉则可提供优质蛋白质和维生素B族,能够与菥蓂中的生物活性物质形成营养互补,有效调节脂质代谢平衡[28]。菥蓂种子因芥酸含量较高,在哺乳动物代谢系统中易引发心肌脂质沉积等毒性效应[26,28],Doebley等[29]和Wang等[30]通过现代分子生物技术驯化,降低了菥蓂种子芥子油苷和分子纤维的含量,使改良品系的芥酸含量与市售低芥酸菜籽油达到了同等安全的水平。目前,欧盟已批准菥蓂提取物作为新型食品原料[31],可广泛应用于植物基功能性食品的开发。
近年来,代谢组学(metabolomics)与脂质组学(lipidomics)作为系统生物学研究的核心代谢分析技术,正深刻影响着食品科学的研究范式[32]。菥蓂作为一种传统但又具备较高挖掘应用潜力的植物资源,将在未来的相关领域中发挥出重要的价值,例如作为功能性保健食品的原材料等[2,6,22]。其中,菥蓂种子因兼具药用和油用功效[6,33],可以从多个角度进行高值化开发。Johnston等[34]通过转录组学(transcriptomics)和代谢组学联合分析发现,与其他十字花科的植物相比,菥蓂种子具有更高的碳转化效率,泛素蛋白酶体系统的下调和脂滴稳定性的增加可贡献更高的油脂产量。Romsdahl等[35]利用脂质组学解析了菥蓂不同组织中非极性和极性脂质分子的种类及脂肪酸组成,结果发现种子要比叶片组织含有更丰富的油酸(18:1)和亚油酸(18:2)功能脂类,其中许多成分都具有显著的医疗保健开发价值。
当前,欧盟食品安全局(European Food Safety Authority,EFSA)已将代谢组学数据纳入新型食品风险评估的关键证据链,标志着代谢组学技术正式进入食品监管决策体系[36]。代谢组学分析技术已在咖啡(Coffea arabica)[37]、葡萄(Vitis vinifera)[38]、澳洲坚果(Macadamia integrifolia)[39]、迷迭香(Salvia rosmarinus)[40]等多种植物食品原料的加工开发研究中展现出了良好的成效,应用涵盖关键营养成分分子调控靶点鉴定、特征代谢物溯源、风味品质评价体系构建及复杂代谢网络解析等方面,成为了食品工业科技研究中不可或缺的关键技术[41−42]。尽管菥蓂目前仍以野生资源为主,但随着对其基础研究的不断深入,已为后续的品质育种和功能产品开发奠定了较扎实的理论基础[25]。基于此,对菥蓂种子的品质成分构成进行依托组学分析的特异性解析与差异研究,将有望为其作为潜在食品新原料的精深加工、高值化利用及相关技术体系优化提供精准科学的数据支持,从而加速这一高价值植物资源的开发利用进程。
本研究采集了国内5个不同地理来源、遗传背景与生长环境各异的野生菥蓂资源,通过在云南昆明进行栽培试验,结合农艺性状观测与种子品质分析,筛选出来自甘肃(GS)和山东(SD)的两份材料表现出良好的生态适应性与农艺性状,具有较高的开发潜力。然而,其种子的关键品质指标,如总脂质含量与脂肪酸组成存在显著差异。为此,本研究进一步采用比较代谢组学与脂质组学方法,对这两份菥蓂材料的种子进行了系统性代谢谱解析,旨在阐明菥蓂种子品质构成特征及其种源间的差异,以期为我国菥蓂资源的深度开发与食品化综合利用提供科学依据。
5份野生菥蓂样品 分别采集自吉林、安徽、山东、江苏、甘肃五省,于2022年5~6月成熟期采收,种子经人工春化处理和赤霉素诱导萌发[43]后,于2022年10月下旬至11月上旬播种于云南农业大学后山试验基地温室大棚内进行盆栽种植;乙腈(Acetonitrile)、甲醇(Methanol)、异丙醇(Isopropanol) 赛默飞世尔科技公司;二氯甲烷(Dichloromethane)、乙酸铵(Ammonium acetate) 西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司(Sigma-Aldrich);甲基叔丁基醚(Methyl tert-butyl ether,MTBE) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;同位素内标(Isotope-labeled internal standards) 安诺伦生物科技有限公司;11种脂肪酸混合标准品(11 Types of Fatty Acid Standard Samples) 美国Nu-chek Prep.Inc公司。
QP2010 Plus气相色谱-质谱仪、Agilent 1290 Infinity LC 超高压液相色谱仪、LC-30AD 超高效液相色谱仪 日本岛津shimadzu公司;AB Triple TOF 6600质谱仪、AB6500+QTRAP 质谱仪 美国AB SCIEX公司;Eppendorf 5430R 低温高速离心机 德国艾本德公司;Phenomenex,Kinetex C18(2.6 µm, 2.1 mm×100 mm)色谱柱 美国菲罗门Phenomenex公司。
参照近缘作物油菜(Brassica napus)的生长周期实施常规水肥及病虫害管理[44]。菥蓂为自花授粉植物,2023年收获第一代种子后,继续播种以系统观察记录其在2024年第二代生长期和成熟期的关键农艺性状表现,于第二代植株生理成熟期,对各份材料进行以下性状指标的测定分析,具体方法如下:
株高:使用直尺测量从土壤表面至植株主茎最高点的垂直高度(cm),每份材料随机测量10株,计算平均值及标准差[45]。分枝数:统计植株主茎上产生的一级有效分枝数目(个),每份材料随机选取10株计数,计算平均值及标准差[45]。单株产量:单株收获后,人工脱粒、清除杂质并充分干燥后称量单株种子总重(g),每份材料随机收获10株,计算平均值及标准差[46]。种子千粒重:参照国家种子检验规程(GB/T 3543.1-2025),从各份材料的混合种子中随机取样,计数1000粒完整种子并称重(g),重复三次,计算平均值及标准差[47]。
至2024年5~6月菥蓂成熟后,采收新鲜的菥蓂种子样本,通过气相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定脂肪酸[48]。气相色谱-质谱仪配备了分体式/不分体式进样器和氢火焰电离检测器。进样口温度为220 ℃,载气为氦气;色谱柱柱流量:0.47 mL/min,进样体积:1 μL。柱温恒器的加热程序如下:初始柱温为140 ℃,保持5 min;然后以4 ℃/min的速度将温度从140 ℃提高到240 ℃,并在240 ℃下保持15 min。电离法为EI,电离能为70 eV,离子源温度为200 ℃,扫描质量范围为50~500 m/z,样品分流比为20:1。将测得的样品色谱图中各峰的保留时间与11种脂肪酸混合标准品色谱图中各峰的保留时间进行比较,以确定样品色谱图中各峰的性质。面积归一化法用于确定每种脂肪酸相对于总脂肪酸含量的百分比。
取第二代成熟新鲜的菥蓂种子样品进行液相色谱-质谱联用分析[49]。具体流程如下:样品冰上解冻后,精密称取1 g种子,加入预冷提取液(甲醇:乙腈:水=2:2:1,v/v)涡旋混匀,低温超声处理30 min,−20 ℃静置10 min,于4 ℃、14000 r/min离心20 min,收集上清液真空冷冻干燥。质谱检测前,加入100 μL复溶液(乙腈:水=1:1,v/v)涡旋复溶,于4 ℃、14000 r/min离心15 min,取上清液进样分析。样品采用Agilent 1290 Infinity LC超高效液相色谱系统(Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography,UHPLC)搭配C18色谱柱分离,柱温40 ℃,流速0.4 mL/min,进样量2 μL;流动相A相为水(含25 mmol/L乙酸铵与0.5%甲酸),B相为甲醇。梯度洗脱程序:0~0.5 min维持5% B;0.5~10.0 min内B相线性升至100%;10.0~12.0 min保持100% B;12.0~12.1 min内B相线性降至5%;12.1~16.0 min维持5% B,全流程样品置于4 ℃自动进样器。质谱分析采用AB Sciex Triple TOF 6600系统,ESI离子源参数:Gas1 60,Gas2 60,CUR 30,离子源温度600 ℃,正负离子模式切换下ISVF电压±5500 V。一级质谱扫描范围m/z 60~1000 Da,二级扫描m/z 25~1000 Da;TOF MS累积时间0.20 s/谱图,子离子扫描累积时间0.05 s/谱图。二级谱图通过信息依赖性采集(IDA)获取,采用高灵敏度模式,去簇电压(DP)±60 V,碰撞能量35±15 eV;IDA设置:排除4 Da内同位素峰,每周期监测候选离子数10。
靶向脂质组学分析聚焦于植物特定脂质分子的选择性识别与特异性检测,绝对定量基于同位素内标校正法[35]。第二代菥蓂种子样本的前处理流程如下:经4 ℃梯度复温的样本精密量取后,依次加入200 μL预冷甲醇进行基质分散,随后注入10 μL内标混合物(含13C、2H同位素标记物),继而补充800 μL甲基叔丁基醚实施液液萃取。全程采用涡旋振荡(30 s)与低温超声萃取(4 ℃,20 min)交替处理,室温平衡30 min促进相分离。加入200 μL超纯水后,于4 ℃条件下以14000 r/min离心15 min分层,收集上层有机相经氮吹浓缩。质谱分析前复溶于200 μL 90%异丙醇/乙腈混合溶剂,经涡旋混匀(60 s)与低温高速离心(14000 r/min,15 min)后,取澄清上清液进行质谱检测。随后,在LC-30AD超高效液相色谱系统上,利用C18和Amino色谱柱对样品进行分离。
C18色谱柱:柱温45 ℃;流速0.35 mL/min;流动相组成A:70%乙腈+30%水+5 mmol/L醋酸铵,B:异丙醇溶液,梯度洗脱程序如下:0~5.0 min,B从20%线性变化至60%,5.0~13.0 min,B从60%线性变化至100%,13.1~17.0 min,B维持在20%。Amino色谱柱:柱温40 ℃;流速0.4 mL/min;流动相组成A:2 mmol/L醋酸铵+50%甲醇+50%乙腈,B:2 mmol/L醋酸铵+50%乙腈+50%水,梯度洗脱程序如下:0~3.0 min,B维持在3%,3.0~13.0 min,B从3%线性变化至100%,13.0~17.0 min,B维持在100%,17.1~22.0 min,B维持在3%。整个分析过程中样品置于10 ℃自动进样器中。
为避免仪器检测信号波动而造成的影响,采用随机顺序,进行样本的连续分析。分别采用电喷雾电离(ESI)正离子和负离子模式进行检测。样品经UPLC分离后采用AB6500+QTRAP质谱仪进行质谱分析。ESI源条件如下:离子源温度:400 ℃,离子源气体1(GS1):50,离子源气体2(GS2):55,帘气(CUR):35,正、负离子模式下离子喷雾电压(IS)为+3000 V 和−2500 V,采用MRM模式监测。
本研究中所有试验数据均以三次生物学独立重复实验的平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)形式呈现。采用Excel 2021软件进行基础数据图表绘制,统计学分析通过SPSS 26.0(IBM,USA)完成,其中组间差异显著性采用单因素方差分析(Analysis of variance,ANOVA)结合LSD(Least significant difference)多重比较检验进行评估,显著性水平均设定为P<0.05。脂肪酸数据的积分分析通过Sciex OS(Peak Proteins,UK)软件开展。组学数据的热图绘制通过TBtools v2.210软件构建层次聚类热图展示。其他作图和优化主要通过Photoshop 2019软件和ImageJ 1.450软件进行。
如图1A所示,五份收集自全国不同地区的菥蓂材料在云南农业大学后山试验基地温室大棚种植后均能正常生长发育,但在整体株型和种子形态上表现出了一定的差异。总体形态上GS和SD的种子要更加饱满圆润,其他材料如安徽的种子则颗粒较小、扁平不规则(图1B)。
结合农艺性状统计分析(表1),来自甘肃(GS)和山东(SD)的两份菥蓂要比其他材料表现出了更佳的长势,不仅在分支数上远多于其余三个地区的菥蓂,而且单株的种子产量也最高,SD的最高为13.09 g,其次为GS(11.52 g)。在株高方面,SD的菥蓂最高,达68.5 cm,是最低组吉林菥蓂(42.5 cm)的1.6倍,平均高出其他材料4~10.5 cm。五份菥蓂材料的种子千粒重也存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
在菥蓂的成熟种子中共有11种植物主要脂肪酸能够被检测到(表2),包括中长链饱和脂肪酸,中长链单不饱和脂肪酸、中长链多不饱和脂肪酸、长链饱和脂肪酸、长链单不饱和脂肪酸、长链多不饱和脂肪酸、其他脂肪酸类。总体上,中长链脂肪酸的比例较低,平均为12.12%,长链单不饱和脂肪酸的比例最高,均占80%以上,来自江苏的菥蓂具有最高的长链单不饱和脂肪酸,达89.32%。相比之下,长链饱和、多不饱和脂肪酸的比例在五份材料中平均处于4%~8%之间,其他未能够被有效识别定性的脂肪酸总体比例在2%左右。SD菥蓂具有最高的中长链脂肪酸比例,较最低的GS菥蓂高出46.5%,GS菥蓂则具有最高的长链多不饱和脂肪酸比例,平均高出其他菥蓂9.2%,而GS菥蓂的总脂质含量最高(9.22 mg/g),SD的最低(6.21 mg/g),相差约三分之一。因此推测在一定程度上,菥蓂种子的脂质特性差异可能主要是由遗传背景分化和长期的地域环境适应协同驱动造成,同时在昆明异地种植后还可能产生了新的变异。但总体上,5份参试菥蓂材料的脂质组成与Jarvis等[50]的报道一致,但在棕榈酸(C16:0)和油酸(C18:1)的含量上具有一定差异。
根据五份参试菥蓂材料在昆明地区种植后的综合表现,选择GS和SD这两份生态适应性较佳、生产农艺性状表现较好,但在种子脂质特性上差异显著的菥蓂材料继续开展了代谢组学的比较分析以解析其中的代谢谱特征和种间差异。同时采用了非靶向代谢组学技术和靶向绝对定量脂质组学技术来综合比较检测不同类别的物质成分在菥蓂种子内的分布模式。
在GS和SD两份菥蓂种子中鉴定出了645种代谢物,其中正离子检测模式下鉴定出332种,负离子检测模式下鉴定出313种(附表1~附表2,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版),基本可划分为12类物质,其中脂质及类脂质分子物质(Lipids and lipid−like molecules)占比为29.46%,苯丙烷类和聚酮类物质(Phenylpropanoids and polyketides)占比为17.98%,有机酸及其衍生物(Organic acids and derivatives)占比为7.75%,有机氧化合物(Organic oxygen compounds)占比6.67%,与有机杂环化合物(Organoheterocyclic compounds)的占比相同,苯类化合物(Benzenoids)占比为6.05%,有机氮化合物(Organic nitrogen compounds)占比为2.79%,生物碱及其衍生物(Alkaloids and derivatives)占比为1.71%,核苷、核苷酸及其类似物(Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues)占比为1.24%,木脂素、新木脂素及相关化合物(Lignans,neolignans and related compounds)占比为0.78%,烃类衍生物(Hydrocarbon derivatives)占比为0.31%,其他未能够被有效识别和分类的物质占比为18.59%。
各类代谢物的积累丰度在两份菥蓂种子中差异明显,主要体现在脂类、苯丙类和聚酮类物质以及部分有机酸、生物碱及其衍生物上(图2A)。PCA分析显示GS和SD两份菥蓂材料的三个生物学重复样本在单样本的数据上均比较集中,说明组内差异小,但在组间分离明显,反映出这两份菥蓂种子的总体代谢物分布差异十分显著(图2B)。在正、负离子两种检测模式下,分别鉴定到了不同种类的差异代谢物,其中正离子模式下的差异代谢物以脂类代谢物(绿色圆圈)为主,负离子模式下多为苯丙类和聚酮类物质(粉红色圆圈),这一结果反映出GS和SD两份菥蓂种子在代谢物的积累趋势上存在一定的差异偏好性(图2C~图2D)。
如图3所示,采用靶向绝对定量脂质组学分析技术比较了GS和SD两份菥蓂种子的脂类成分差异,共检测到了六大类26个亚类的1133种脂类物质,六大类脂质主要包括:GP、GL、ST、SP、SL、FA(图3A),不同亚类的含量和数量都具有显著差异(附表3,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。其中,GL是含量和数量都占比最高的脂类,TG是核心成分,共有411种,占总脂类数量的30%以上,其次为GP,主要以PE、PC、PA为主。其余检测到的四大类脂质总体均占比较低,这与十字花科含油植物种子的脂质构成基本相似。
通过OPLS-DA模型比较了两份菥蓂种子的差异,结果显示GS和SD材料之间的分离程度显著,但组内聚集良好,反映出两个样本间存在明显的脂质构成差异(图3B),这与代谢组学的PCA分析结果一致(图2B)。脂质的功能特性与其分子链长和饱和度密切相关,为进一步分析GS和SD两份菥蓂种子的脂质特性,对核心差异脂质成分TG的碳链长度及饱和度进行了比较,结果显示共有18种TG分子表现出了显著差异。具体来说,这些差异TG分子的链长都在56~60个碳原子之间(图3C),均主要在TG分子的sn-1/3位点上结合了长链不饱和脂肪酸的甘油脂(图3D),这反映出两份菥蓂材料的脂质特性差异主要是体现在对长链脂肪酸的富集功能上。与其他同源十字花科植物如拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)和油菜相比,菥蓂中的脂肪酸延长酶具有更高的表达活性[51],因此可能是造成种间脂质特性差异的关键原因之一。
表3进一步分析列举了GS和SD两份菥蓂材料种子中的具体显著差异代谢物和差异脂质,总共鉴定出了21种显著差异代谢物和112种显著差异脂质。与SD菥蓂相比,GS中积累上调的显著差异代谢物有6种,下调的有15种,其中黄酮类化合物、羧酸类及其衍生物、有机氮化合物是主要的差异成分,菥蓂特有的药用次生代谢产物如黑芥子苷(Sinigrin)、芥子酶(myrosin)、芥子油甙(glucosinolate)等则未见显著差异(附表1,详见本刊官网 http://www.spgykj.com/文章的网络版)。
相比之下,GS比SD积累上调的显著差异脂质为97种,下调的15种,这与总脂质特性分析的结果一致(表3)。在上调的显著差异脂质中,GL是主要的种类(53种),占一半以上,反之在下调的显著差异脂质中,GP是主要的种类(11种),意味着GS菥蓂种子比SD能够合成更多的中性贮藏性脂质,例如TG、DG、MG,SD菥蓂的种子则较多偏向于合成流动性的极性膜脂,例如PE、PI、PG等。同时,在脂肪酸组成上,一个较明显的趋势是,GS菥蓂能够富集更丰富的长链不饱和脂肪酸,主要在TG中,而在TG生物合成路径的关键中间产物如DG中则以中长链脂肪酸居多,同时PL也主要富集中长链脂肪酸,这与图3C~图3D的结果相符,反映出GS菥蓂在脂肪酸延长相关基因的表达上可能要比SD菥蓂具有更高的表达量。
对表3中筛选到的显著差异代谢物和差异脂质开展了KEGG功能注释。图4A显示21种显著差异代谢物在功能上主要被富集到了矿质吸收、蛋白质分解吸收、氨基酸合成代谢等通路中,112种显著差异脂质主要被富集到了GP/GL代谢、脂肪分解吸收、内源信号传导等路径上(图4B)。结合显著差异代谢物和差异脂质的物质类别来看(表3),显然这些成分在种子的整体代谢水平上总体处于初生和次生代谢的部分上游途径中,虽然不至于过度影响菥蓂的整体品质构成,但却对资源的开发利用方向和品质改良提升具有十分关键的意义,例如在油用和药用方面。
图4C展示了显著差异代谢物间的相关性分析结果,总体上各显著差异代谢物间的正负相关程度区别较明显,不同代谢物之间呈现出了不同的相互调节作用,例如Agmatine(胍基丁胺)与另外7种正离子检测模式下的代谢物均呈正相关关系,说明它们可能来源于同一源头的合成途径,因此在总体积累上呈协同效应。但随着代谢支流的分化,逐步又表现出负相关或者没有相关性的关系,例如Betaine(甜菜碱)与Trigonelline(葫芦巴碱),以及负离子检测模式下的Palmitoleic acid(棕榈油酸)与Asparagine(天冬酰胺),体现出了较显著的合成转化或独立关系。
为了直观揭示差异脂质间的共调节关系,采用和弦图展示了不同显著差异脂质亚类之间的相关性(图4D)。其中,外圈脂质中TG的弧长最长,表明TG在菥蓂种子中的代谢状态突出,是种子脂质代谢的核心(图3A),而TG同时又与MGDG和DGDG存在较高强度的关联,跟其他GP、GL等脂类分子也存在不同程度的相关,反映出菥蓂种子在脂质能量储存-膜功能-环境适应三位一体中的代谢分配多样性。这一方面与植物种子中TG的生物合成机制有关,另一方面也意味着菥蓂中各显著差异积累的脂质分子在调控整体脂质代谢分配里扮演了不同的角色,可能是影响菥蓂生理特征的重要因素,例如抗逆性等。
TG是植物种子油的核心成分,占到了90%以上的比例。TG的生物合成是复杂且多样的生化过程,在植物种子中通常由酰基依赖途径(acyl-dependent pathway)和酰基非依赖途径(acyl-independent pathway)协同调控,共同维持细胞内脂质代谢平衡。图5以可视化热图分析的形式展现了表3中显著差异脂质分类的两份菥蓂种子中TG合成路径的差异,显然,在两个主要的合成途径中,TG的生产积累在GS菥蓂中均要较SD菥蓂在初始底物(LPA、LPC)、中间产物(PA)和直接前体(DG、PC)上能够富集更高的浓度,而且两个途径中各脂类分子的脂肪酸构成都主要以中长链和长链不饱和脂肪酸居多。这反映出GS菥蓂在总体贮藏性脂质和不饱和脂肪酸的积累特性上都要显著强于SD菥蓂,表明菥蓂种子的脂质代谢调控机制在种间差异上十分明显,相关基因的表达和分子变异都具有较高的挖掘和改良空间。
菥蓂作为一种强耐逆性植物,在不同类型的生态区都能够发挥出多样的用途[18,52]。多项研究已证实菥蓂种子中特有的硫苷类化合物及酚酸类成分具有显著的抗炎、抗肿瘤及调节嘌呤代谢功效[7,53],而菥蓂种子富含的不饱和脂肪酸油脂则具备作为高品质航空燃油和可食用植物油的潜在新来源[6,54−55]。然而,相比起国外近年来对菥蓂的快速开发应用,目前我国的菥蓂资源依然还处于野生状态,人工驯化进程缓慢,而且不同地理种群在自然选择压力下形成了显著的性状分化,在代谢物的积累趋势上也存在着较明显的偏好性差异,开发潜力丰富多样。
尽管菥蓂在中国江南地区早已发展为特色的药膳类食材[3],基于其辛香微苦的独特风味,历史上也诞生了多种以菥蓂为原料的菜谱,但主要使用的部位仍为叶片,菥蓂种子在食品加工领域的应用依然有限,这一方面是由于种子中硫苷类物质经水解产生的异硫氰酸酯可能引发胃肠道刺激性反应[24,56],另一方面则受到系统性加工技术研究缺失的制约,如脱毒工艺优化及风味调控等关键技术尚未突破[6]。基于此,本研究采用多组学整合分析策略,通过代谢组学与脂质组学联合分析方法,系统解析了从五份国内不同来源的菥蓂资源中鉴选出的GS与SD两份优良材料的成熟种子代谢谱特征差异,为菥蓂种子的食品化和功能化应用拓展了新的视野。
研究通过代谢组联合脂质组学分析发现,GS与SD菥蓂种子存在显著的代谢差异。PCA及OPLS-DA模型显示两组样本明显分离,挖掘鉴定到了21种差异代谢物和112种差异脂质。GS种子特异性富集脂肪酰基(如棕榈油酸)、有机氮化合物(如胆碱)及黄酮类物质,而SD种子倾向积累多酚类(如单宁)和生物碱(如木蝴蝶黄酮苷B)。种子内的脂质积累呈现显著的偏好性,GS中有97种脂质上调(GL类中性脂占比54.64%),且TG合成通路的关键前体(LPA、DG等)浓度更高,中长链不饱和脂肪酸积累能力显著优于SD。KEGG富集表明差异代谢物主要参与次生代谢物合成与转运,差异脂质则集中于甘油脂代谢及脂肪分解通路。综合两种比较组学的分析结果,显然GS菥蓂因含有更丰富多样的功能性脂类更适用于作为食品原料进行开发改良,而SD菥蓂则可能更适于作为药物资源开展相关的应用潜力挖掘。
此外,多组学整合分析还在一定程度上揭示了本研究鉴选到的两份菥蓂材料在其种子应用开发方面的潜在互补作用。非靶向代谢组和靶向脂质组的功能富集分析表明,影响GS和SD菥蓂种子代谢分化的分子基础分别锚定于脂质合成与次生代谢通路的关键调控节点。GS菥蓂的中性脂质及不饱和脂肪酸积累优势突出,尤其在TG合成途径中,其酰基依赖与非依赖双通路协同增效,驱动贮藏性脂质的高效合成,凸显其作为高值化油料的开发潜力,而SD菥蓂的次生代谢物积累优势则为新型药用成分的挖掘利用提供了资源基础。这一差异分化的代谢多样性不仅反映了菥蓂潜在的环境适应策略,更为其定向改良提供了理论依据,例如通过靶向调控脂质合成关键酶及优化次生代谢通路,可构建“油-药”兼用型的菥蓂新种质,推动菥蓂向功能型食品经济原料的转型。
与通过基因编辑技术对菥蓂进行特定品质改良的研究相比,如Jarvis等[50]利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除脂肪酸去饱和酶2型FAD2(Fatty acid desaturase 2,FAD2)基因并抑制油酸去饱和酶1型ROD1(Reduced oleate desaturation 1,ROD1)基因表达,成功提升菥蓂种子油酸含量至90%以上(达到橄榄油级别),本研究鉴定到的菥蓂种子代谢谱特征差异亦有可能成为具有潜在改良价值的新型靶点。例如,脂质代谢途径关键酶的遗传多态性被认为是导致不同植物地理种质在脂质特性上产生差异的重要原因之一[57−58],GS和SD菥蓂在脂肪酸组成、脂质类别以及其他代谢产物上的显著差异,在一定程度上暗示着国内不同地域来源的菥蓂在相关功能基因的表达上也存在特有的模式,因此后续将可更有针对性地开展更深层面的靶点挖掘和功能验证,以明确调控菥蓂种子代谢谱差异背后的遗传基础,进而为菥蓂的品质定向改良提供更多的分子标记选择[59−60]。此外,国内外研究还利用与菥蓂同源的十字花科植物种子油脂的相关特性实现向其他高价值油脂的转化[15,30],而本研究通过对菥蓂种子脂质代谢谱特征差异的解析,或将有助于加快推进这一开发过程,例如借助合成生物学技术利用菥蓂种子的长链不饱和脂肪酸差异作为生产富含神经酸(C24:1)、EPA(Eicosapentaenoic acid,C20:5)、DHA(Docosahexaenoic acid,C22:6)等功能性食品的低成本新来源[1,61]。显然,解析不同菥蓂种质的品质特征差异,为菥蓂的多样化高效开发奠定了有利基础[59−62],除了“油-药”兼用型以外,亦能够继续探索其在优质营养补充、天然食品添加剂等领域的潜力价值。
为进一步深化菥蓂在食品研究开发领域的用途和认识,未来可继续结合转录组学、蛋白质组学等其他多组学联合分析手段,全面解析菥蓂种子品质形成的分子调节作用网络,深刻阐明代谢物合成、分配、转运、积累与基因表达调控之间的关联,挖掘到更丰富的关键靶点及代谢通路[35,61−62]。同时,还应当对鉴选得到的优良材料开展多地点、多年份的田间试验,验证研究中发现的代谢差异在不同生境下的稳定性,为菥蓂的实际生产与育种创新提供更可靠的数据支撑。这不仅能够持续推动菥蓂向食用型植物油、天然活性健康产品原料等方向的应用转化,还有助于保障国家粮油安全,满足当代市场对新型功能性食品开发的迫切需求。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050110
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
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    1云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,云南昆明 650201
    2越南太原农林大学,越南太原 252160

通讯作者:

沈勇(1976−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:中药学和功能产品研发,E-mail:。
徐笑宇(1990−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:植物脂质代谢工程,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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