Article(id=1320886489530093708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050076, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853479987, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853479987, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853479987, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853479987, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=72, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886489748197517, articleId=1320886489530093708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Protein Sources on the Properties and Structure of Cassava Starch Films, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enhance the mechanical properties and moisture barrier performance of cassava starch (CS) films, this study employed peanut protein isolate (PPI) and gelatin (GL) as protein modifiers to prepare composite films with CS. The effects of protein sources and addition ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, and 5:5) on the properties and microstructure of the composite films were systematically investigated. The results showed that both proteins demonstrated good compatibility with CS, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties, water barrier performance, and microstructure density of the films. In the PPI/CS composite film, the optimal mass ratio was 3:7. The moisture content, water solubility, water absorption, moisture absorption, and water vapor permeability of the film were reduced by 28.32%, 19.39%, 14.79%, 27.87%, and 11.98%, respectively, compared to those of the pure CS film. The elongation at break also increased from 53.39% to 82.16%. In the GL/CS composite film, the addition of GL primarily improved the tensile strength of the film. When the mass ratio of GL/CS was 4:6, the tensile strength increased from 2.36 to 4.44 MPa, and the water barrier properties were significantly improved (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that protein addition optimized the surface morphology and modified the crystalline structure of the films, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between protein and starch molecules. In summary, PPI/CS composite films are more appropriate for short-term packaging requiring high flexibility and moisture barrier performance, whereas GL/CS composite films are more suitable for food packaging applications requiring greater structural stability. Both composites demonstrate significant potential for application in the field of biodegradable packaging materials.

, authors=Lei GUO, Chen LI*, authorsList=Lei GUO, Chen LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chen LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886493183332510, articleId=1320886489530093708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同来源蛋白对木薯淀粉薄膜性能与结构的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为提升木薯淀粉(CS)薄膜的力学性能和水分阻隔能力,本研究采用花生分离蛋白(PPI)及明胶(GL)两种蛋白与CS制备复合薄膜,系统研究了不同来源蛋白与添加比例(0:10、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6和5:5)对复合膜性能与微观结构的影响。结果显示,两种蛋白与CS均具有良好的相容性,能有效改善薄膜的力学性能、水分阻隔性能和微观结构致密性。在PPI/CS复合膜中,最佳质量比为3:7,薄膜的水分含量、水溶性、吸水性、吸湿性和水蒸气透过率分别较纯CS膜降低了28.32%、19.39%、14.79%、27.87%和11.98%,断裂伸长率也从53.39%提高至82.16%。而在GL/CS复合膜中,GL的加入主要提升了薄膜的拉伸强度,在GL/CS质量比为4:6时,拉伸强度从2.36 MPa提高至4.44 MPa,且水分阻隔性能得到显著改善(P<0.05)。扫描电镜和XRD分析显示,蛋白质的加入优化了膜的表面形貌并改变了其结晶结构,FTIR结果进一步证实了蛋白与淀粉分子间的氢键作用。综上,PPI/CS复合膜更适用于需高柔韧性和水分阻隔性能的短期包装,而GL/CS复合膜适用于对结构稳定性要求较高的食品包装,展示出在可降解包装材料领域的应用潜力。

, authors=郭雷, 李琛*, authorsList=郭雷, 李琛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李琛, authorNote=

郭雷(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉基复合材料,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李琛(1979−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物基包装材料,E-mail:。
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郭雷(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉基复合材料,E-mail:

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Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2011, 81(1): 724−729., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886854765888191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886854782665408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, companyId=1320886854765888191, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Home and Art Design, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886854807831233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, companyId=1320886854765888191, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=东北林业大学家居与艺术设计学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886858041639638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Transmittance of two types of composite films, figureFileSmall=khjtA56ur71+8qdxJC7eAQ==, figureFileBig=RbHrp5dpz6rZayw3sBnnvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886858117137111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两类复合膜的透光率

注:不同的字母表示同一类复合膜不同比例之间具有显著性差异,P<0.05;图5同。

, figureFileSmall=khjtA56ur71+8qdxJC7eAQ==, figureFileBig=RbHrp5dpz6rZayw3sBnnvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886858213606104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Appearance of two types of composite films, figureFileSmall=uZfN+P+/EiwUJivA2jmAPg==, figureFileBig=eEppQuhBv8YVK2mv30ySNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886858272326361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=图2, caption=两类复合膜的外观, figureFileSmall=uZfN+P+/EiwUJivA2jmAPg==, figureFileBig=eEppQuhBv8YVK2mv30ySNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886858339435226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mechanical properties of PPI/CS composite films, figureFileSmall=l8I+8B2fgUOnT/TMYRlmRQ==, figureFileBig=cuqzBxvDaW4+5ijhmCuIBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886858414932699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PPI/CS复合膜力学性能

注:不同的字母表示同一指标不同比例之间具有显著性差异,P<0.05;图4同。

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注:(a)PPI/CS薄膜;(b)GL/CS薄膜。

, figureFileSmall=yJCBzmE+DpkSp9a5WmjE8Q==, figureFileBig=ETA9ChHJhe0OrPPwEPoQXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886859014718180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Fourier transform infrared spectra, figureFileSmall=YvFbnJ8WRbr2ykiPXGneVA==, figureFileBig=jyJqpKGjXqECdOybQgUgLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886859081827045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=图8, caption=傅里叶变换红外光谱图

注:(a)PPI/CS薄膜;(b)GL/CS薄膜。

, figureFileSmall=YvFbnJ8WRbr2ykiPXGneVA==, figureFileBig=jyJqpKGjXqECdOybQgUgLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886859144741606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Color of PPI/CS composite films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜L*a*b*ΔE*
纯CS97.53±0.67a−3.09±0.03f18.61±0.10d1.81±0.16f
PPI/CS(1:9)95.63±1.07b−2.90±0.05e19.16±0.56cd3.50±0.18e
PPI/CS(2:8)94.30±0.63b−2.80±0.04d19.96±0.79c5.05±0.28d
PPI/CS(3:7)91.23±1.18c−2.42±0.04c21.66±0.52b8.56±0.12c
PPI/CS(4:6)89.39±1.43d−2.02±0.09b22.28±0.28b10.49±0.21b
PPI/CS(5:5)87.11±1.41e−1.75±0.06a23.52±0.72a13.10±0.32a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859211850471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PPI/CS复合膜色度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜L*a*b*ΔE*
纯CS97.53±0.67a−3.09±0.03f18.61±0.10d1.81±0.16f
PPI/CS(1:9)95.63±1.07b−2.90±0.05e19.16±0.56cd3.50±0.18e
PPI/CS(2:8)94.30±0.63b−2.80±0.04d19.96±0.79c5.05±0.28d
PPI/CS(3:7)91.23±1.18c−2.42±0.04c21.66±0.52b8.56±0.12c
PPI/CS(4:6)89.39±1.43d−2.02±0.09b22.28±0.28b10.49±0.21b
PPI/CS(5:5)87.11±1.41e−1.75±0.06a23.52±0.72a13.10±0.32a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859278959336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Color of GL/CS composite films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜L*a*b*ΔE*
纯CS97.53±0.67c−3.09±0.03a18.61±0.10c1.81±0.16c
GL/CS(1:9)98.87±0.26a−3.51±0.05b18.48±0.17c1.47±0.80d
GL/CS(2:8)97.77±0.27bc−3.51±0.04b19.05±0.21b2.04±0.17b
GL/CS(3:7)98.78±0.20a−3.65±0.06c18.71±0.14cd1.66±0.12cd
GL/CS(4:6)98.23±0.30ab−3.66±0.05c18.88±0.15bc1.79±0.10c
GL/CS(5:5)98.44±0.34ab−3.71±0.04c19.50±0.76a2.40±0.14a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859341873897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

GL/CS复合膜色度

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薄膜L*a*b*ΔE*
纯CS97.53±0.67c−3.09±0.03a18.61±0.10c1.81±0.16c
GL/CS(1:9)98.87±0.26a−3.51±0.05b18.48±0.17c1.47±0.80d
GL/CS(2:8)97.77±0.27bc−3.51±0.04b19.05±0.21b2.04±0.17b
GL/CS(3:7)98.78±0.20a−3.65±0.06c18.71±0.14cd1.66±0.12cd
GL/CS(4:6)98.23±0.30ab−3.66±0.05c18.88±0.15bc1.79±0.10c
GL/CS(5:5)98.44±0.34ab−3.71±0.04c19.50±0.76a2.40±0.14a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859429954282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Water absorption, moisture absorption and water vapor permeability of PPI/CS composite films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜吸水性(%)吸湿性(%)水蒸气透过率
(10−10 g·m/m2·s·Pa)
纯CS425.17±3.83a60.81±1.50a3.59±0.03a
PPI/CS(1:9)393.33±7.01b54.85±1.32b3.42±0.04b
PPI/CS(2:8)370.87±9.64c48.03±1.88c3.36±0.06bc
PPI/CS(3:7)362.27±8.63c43.86±1.23e3.16±0.14d
PPI/CS(4:6)374.41±7.93c44.59±0.65de3.19±0.07cd
PPI/CS(5:5)391.80±9.41b46.10±0.55d3.25±0.09cd
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859526423275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

PPI/CS复合膜吸水性、吸湿性、水蒸气透过率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜吸水性(%)吸湿性(%)水蒸气透过率
(10−10 g·m/m2·s·Pa)
纯CS425.17±3.83a60.81±1.50a3.59±0.03a
PPI/CS(1:9)393.33±7.01b54.85±1.32b3.42±0.04b
PPI/CS(2:8)370.87±9.64c48.03±1.88c3.36±0.06bc
PPI/CS(3:7)362.27±8.63c43.86±1.23e3.16±0.14d
PPI/CS(4:6)374.41±7.93c44.59±0.65de3.19±0.07cd
PPI/CS(5:5)391.80±9.41b46.10±0.55d3.25±0.09cd
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859593532140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Water absorption, moisture absorption and water vapor permeability of GL/CS composite films

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜吸水性(%)吸湿性(%)水蒸气透过率
(10−10 g·m/m2·s·Pa)
纯CS425.17±3.83a60.81±1.50a3.59±0.03a
GL/CS(1:9)427.47±8.70a58.67±1.08ab3.53±0.04a
GL/CS(2:8)411.00±15.71ab55.71±1.39b3.47±0.06ab
GL/CS(3:7)398.80±10.63bc51.10±0.50c3.38±0.08bc
GL/CS(4:6)384.08±12.52c48.23±4.15c3.29±0.06c
GL/CS(5:5)396.67±11.53bc48.42±2.21c3.32±0.12c
), ArticleFig(id=1320886859673223917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886489530093708, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

GL/CS复合膜吸水性、吸湿性、水蒸气透过率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
薄膜吸水性(%)吸湿性(%)水蒸气透过率
(10−10 g·m/m2·s·Pa)
纯CS425.17±3.83a60.81±1.50a3.59±0.03a
GL/CS(1:9)427.47±8.70a58.67±1.08ab3.53±0.04a
GL/CS(2:8)411.00±15.71ab55.71±1.39b3.47±0.06ab
GL/CS(3:7)398.80±10.63bc51.10±0.50c3.38±0.08bc
GL/CS(4:6)384.08±12.52c48.23±4.15c3.29±0.06c
GL/CS(5:5)396.67±11.53bc48.42±2.21c3.32±0.12c
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郭雷 , 李琛 *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(10): 72-81
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (10) : 72 -81
不同来源蛋白对木薯淀粉薄膜性能与结构的影响
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郭雷(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉基复合材料,E-mail:

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郭雷 , 李琛*
作者信息
  • 东北林业大学家居与艺术设计学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
通讯作者:
李琛(1979−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物基包装材料,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郭雷(2000−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉基复合材料,E-mail:

Effects of Different Protein Sources on the Properties and Structure of Cassava Starch Films
Lei GUO , Chen LI*
Affiliations
  • College of Home and Art Design, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang 150040, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050076
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为提升木薯淀粉(CS)薄膜的力学性能和水分阻隔能力,本研究采用花生分离蛋白(PPI)及明胶(GL)两种蛋白与CS制备复合薄膜,系统研究了不同来源蛋白与添加比例(0:10、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6和5:5)对复合膜性能与微观结构的影响。结果显示,两种蛋白与CS均具有良好的相容性,能有效改善薄膜的力学性能、水分阻隔性能和微观结构致密性。在PPI/CS复合膜中,最佳质量比为3:7,薄膜的水分含量、水溶性、吸水性、吸湿性和水蒸气透过率分别较纯CS膜降低了28.32%、19.39%、14.79%、27.87%和11.98%,断裂伸长率也从53.39%提高至82.16%。而在GL/CS复合膜中,GL的加入主要提升了薄膜的拉伸强度,在GL/CS质量比为4:6时,拉伸强度从2.36 MPa提高至4.44 MPa,且水分阻隔性能得到显著改善(P<0.05)。扫描电镜和XRD分析显示,蛋白质的加入优化了膜的表面形貌并改变了其结晶结构,FTIR结果进一步证实了蛋白与淀粉分子间的氢键作用。综上,PPI/CS复合膜更适用于需高柔韧性和水分阻隔性能的短期包装,而GL/CS复合膜适用于对结构稳定性要求较高的食品包装,展示出在可降解包装材料领域的应用潜力。

木薯淀粉薄膜  /  花生分离蛋白  /  明胶  /  性能  /  结构表征

To enhance the mechanical properties and moisture barrier performance of cassava starch (CS) films, this study employed peanut protein isolate (PPI) and gelatin (GL) as protein modifiers to prepare composite films with CS. The effects of protein sources and addition ratio (0:10, 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, and 5:5) on the properties and microstructure of the composite films were systematically investigated. The results showed that both proteins demonstrated good compatibility with CS, effectively enhancing the mechanical properties, water barrier performance, and microstructure density of the films. In the PPI/CS composite film, the optimal mass ratio was 3:7. The moisture content, water solubility, water absorption, moisture absorption, and water vapor permeability of the film were reduced by 28.32%, 19.39%, 14.79%, 27.87%, and 11.98%, respectively, compared to those of the pure CS film. The elongation at break also increased from 53.39% to 82.16%. In the GL/CS composite film, the addition of GL primarily improved the tensile strength of the film. When the mass ratio of GL/CS was 4:6, the tensile strength increased from 2.36 to 4.44 MPa, and the water barrier properties were significantly improved (P<0.05). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that protein addition optimized the surface morphology and modified the crystalline structure of the films, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of hydrogen bonds between protein and starch molecules. In summary, PPI/CS composite films are more appropriate for short-term packaging requiring high flexibility and moisture barrier performance, whereas GL/CS composite films are more suitable for food packaging applications requiring greater structural stability. Both composites demonstrate significant potential for application in the field of biodegradable packaging materials.

cassava starch film  /  peanut protein isolate  /  gelatin  /  performance  /  structural characterization
郭雷, 李琛. 不同来源蛋白对木薯淀粉薄膜性能与结构的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 72 -81 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050076
Lei GUO, Chen LI. Effects of Different Protein Sources on the Properties and Structure of Cassava Starch Films[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 72 -81 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050076
木薯淀粉(Cassava Starch,CS)是一种来源广泛、价格低廉的天然聚合物,具有优异的成膜性能、高粘度和良好的凝胶性能[1]。其制成的薄膜透明度高、表面光滑,适合用作食品包装材料。然而木薯淀粉基材料易吸潮、机械性能欠佳等问题,制约了其广泛应用。为解决这些问题,通过将木薯淀粉与天然填充材料复合,如纤维素、蛋白质、壳聚糖、纳米材料等,显著改善其性能[2]。其中蛋白质作为一种天然高分子材料,因具有优良的生物相容性、可加工性和成膜性得到广泛关注。将蛋白质直接添加到淀粉中时,其特有的分子结构与淀粉分子发生相互作用,有效增强了薄膜的力学性能、柔韧性和水分阻隔性。此外,蛋白质的加入还能提升复合薄膜的抗氧化性、抗菌性和生物降解性,从而在延长食品保质期的同时,确保材料的环保性[3]。常见的与淀粉共混的蛋白种类包括动物来源的明胶[4]、乳清蛋白[5]和胶原蛋白[6],植物来源的花生蛋白[7]、谷蛋白[8]、大豆蛋白[9]和莲藕蛋白[10]等。
明胶(Gelatin,GL)是源于动物皮肤和肌腱中胶原蛋白的水溶性蛋白质,通常通过酸或碱的水解过程制备而成,因其具有良好的生物相容性和可生物降解性而备受关注[11]。GL不仅在食品工业和医药领域中广泛应用,还因其优异的成膜性能成为可食性膜和可生物降解膜研究中的重要原料。GL在与淀粉共混后,能够显著改善淀粉材料的力学性能[12]。同时,GL与增塑剂之间通常具有良好的相容性,这使其在淀粉基材料的共混改性中展现出较高的应用潜力和研究价值[13]。
花生是我国重要的油料经济作物之一,年产量超过1900 万吨,具有显著的资源优势[14]。其富含蛋白质、糖类和油脂,经过脱脂或冷榨等工艺处理后,可获得蛋白质含量为47%~55%的脱脂花生粉。通过进一步的提取和纯化处理,可以得到蛋白质含量超过90%的花生分离蛋白(Peanut Protein Isolate,PPI),是制备生物可降解蛋白膜的优质原料[15]。Reddy等[16]通过模压成型制备的PPI膜展现了良好的力学性能,拉伸强度达8.0 MPa,断裂伸长率为63%,模量为147 MPa,整体性能优于大多数植物蛋白膜。Li等[17]开发了PPI/阿拉伯胶复合膜,与纯PPI膜相比,复合薄膜的拉伸强度和水蒸气阻隔性增加,但断裂伸长率有所下降。Sun等[18]的研究表明,PPI可以改善豌豆淀粉薄膜阻隔性能。因此,将PPI与CS这两种来源广泛的材料结合制备复合膜,为克服CS薄膜的不足提供了一种可行的研究策略。
本文通过制备不同比例的GL/CS和PPI/CS复合膜,探讨PPI、GL及其添加量对CS薄膜力学性能、水分含量、水溶性、吸水性、吸湿性、水蒸气透过率以及结构的影响,揭示CS基材与PPI、GL之间的相互作用,为开发新型可降解食品包装材料提供理论依据和实践指导。
木薯淀粉(食品级) 新乡良润全谷物有限公司;花生分离蛋白 生物试剂级,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;明胶(冻力 180 Bloom) 上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司;甘油、氢氧化钠 分析纯,天津永大化学试剂有限公司。
DF-101S集热式磁力搅拌器 上海析牛莱伯仪器有限公司;101-1AB电热恒温鼓风箱 天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;SB-800超声清洗机 宁波新芝科技生物股份有限公司;L5S紫外-可见光分光光度计 上海仪电(集团)有限公司;CR-410电子色差仪 日本柯尼卡美能达株式会社;GKB-4薄膜标准测厚仪、LD-05电子万能试验机 长春月明小型仪器试验厂;FEI-NOVA-NANO230场发射扫描电镜、Nicolet iS50傅立叶变换红外光谱仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司;X'Pert3 Powedr X射线衍射仪 荷兰帕纳科公司。
按PPI/CS质量比(w/w)0:10、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6和5:5[19],准确称取相应质量的PPI和CS,分散于去离子水中配制成5%(w/v)的混合溶液,用1 mol/L的NaOH调节pH至9.0[20−21],并加入PPI/CS总质量40%的甘油作为增塑剂。随后,将混合溶液置于95 ℃恒温磁力搅拌器中,搅拌50 min。完成搅拌后,将溶液放置于室温下,缓慢搅拌直至其冷却至室温,然后超声5 min(40 kHz,240 W)以去除气泡。最后,将成膜液倒入12 cm×12 cm方形培养皿中并置于通风、干燥且阴凉的环境中静置72 h,自然晾干后揭膜,平衡水分备用。
按GL/CS质量比(w/w)0:10、1:9、2:8、3:7、4:6和5:5[19],准确称取相应质量的GL和CS,分散于去离子水中配制成5%(w/v)的混合溶液,加入GL/CS总质量40%的甘油作为增塑剂。随后,将混合溶液置于95 ℃恒温磁力搅拌器中,搅拌50 min。完成搅拌后,将溶液放置于室温下,缓慢搅拌直至其冷却至室温,然后超声5 min(40 kHz,240 W)以去除气泡。最后,将成膜液倒入12 cm×12 cm方形培养皿中并置于通风、干燥且阴凉的环境中静置72 h,自然晾干后揭膜,平衡水分备用。
在薄膜样品上随机选择五个测量点,使用精度为0.01 mm的厚度仪进行测量。取其平均值得到薄膜的最终厚度,单位为mm。
透光率测定根据成晓祎等[22]的方法略有修改,将样品裁剪为3 cm×1 cm的矩形并贴于比色皿内侧,置于紫外-可见分光光度计中,测定其在660 nm波长处的吸光度(A),透光率按公式(1)计算:
$ 透光率(\text{%})={0.1}^{\text{A}}\times 100 $
薄膜颜色使用色差仪根据CIE LAB色彩模型测量[23]。白板作为标准参考,分别记录其L*、a*、b*值。总色差(ΔE*)按公式(2)计算:
$ \text{Δ}{E}^{\text{*}}=\sqrt{( \text{Δ}{L}^{\text{*}})^{\text{2}}+( \text{Δ}{a}^{{\text{*}}}{) }^{\text{2}}+( \text{Δ}{b}^{{\text{*}}})^{\text{2}}} $
式中:ΔL*、Δa*、Δb*是样品颜色与标准参考的差值。
将薄膜裁剪成100 mm×10 mm的长条。通过使用电子万能试验机对复合薄膜进行拉伸测试来测量其机械性能,夹具初始距离为50 mm,拉伸速度为20 mm/min。拉伸强度按公式(3)计算,断裂伸长率按公式(4)计算[24]:
$ 拉伸强度(\text{MPa})=\frac{\text{F}}{\text{A}} $
$ 断裂伸长率(\text{%})=\frac{\text{ΔG}}{\text{G}}\times100 $
式中:F是薄膜断裂时承受的最大拉力(N);A是测试时薄膜的横截面积(mm2);ΔG是薄膜断裂时拉伸的长度(mm);G是薄膜的初始长度(mm)。
将薄膜切成2 cm×2 cm的大小,测定样品初始质量m1(g),将薄膜在100 ℃干燥至质量恒定m2(g)。水分含量按公式(5)计算[25]:
$水分含量 (\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}}\times \text{100} $
将干燥后的薄膜置于恒重称量瓶中,加入20 mL蒸馏水至称量瓶中,室温浸泡24 h。24 h后,100 ℃下再次干燥至恒重m3(g),水溶性按公式(6)计算[26]:
$ 水溶性 (\text{%})=\frac{{\text{m}}_{\text{3}}-{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{m}}_{\text{2}}}\times 100 $
薄膜的吸水性测定参照Rammak等[27]的方法并加以适当修改。将薄膜切成2.5 cm×2.5 cm的大小,在100 ℃下干燥后称重A(g),并置于恒重称量瓶中,加入20 mL蒸馏水至称量瓶中,室温浸泡20 min。20 min后,立即取出样品,用吸水纸除去多余的水分,然后称重B(g),吸水性按公式(7)计算:
$ 吸水性(\text{%})=\frac{\text{B}-\text{A}}{\text{A}}\times 100 $
将薄膜裁成约2 cm×2 cm的大片,在100 ℃下干燥后称重W0(g),将薄膜置于干燥器中,底部倒入1000 mL去离子水提供100%的相对湿度(100% RH),并用凡士林密封干燥器。48 h后称重W1(g),吸湿性按公式(8)计算[28]:
$ 吸湿性(\text{%})=\frac{{\text{W}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{W}}_{\text{0}}}{{\text{W}}_{\text{0}}}\times 100 $
水蒸气渗透率的测定根据Yang等[29]的方法稍作修改。将15 mL蒸馏水加入30 mm×60 mm的高型称量瓶中以保持100%的相对湿度(100% RH)。选取平整、无褶皱、无孔洞的薄膜,裁剪成略大于瓶口的圆形,并用厚度仪测量其厚度。随后将薄膜覆盖于瓶口,并使用石蜡沿边缘密封,确保水分仅能通过薄膜扩散。密封后的称量瓶进行称重后置于室温下0%RH(由无水CaCl2提供)的干燥器中。待平衡一段时间后,每隔1 h测定杯子的重量,持续12 h。水蒸气透过率按公式(9)计算:
$ 水蒸气透过率(\text{g}\cdot {\text{m/}}({\mathrm{m}}^{\text{2}}\cdot \text{s}\cdot \text{Pa}))=\frac{{\text{Δ}}{\text{w}}}{\text{t}}\cdot \frac{\text{X}}{\text{AΔ}{\mathrm{p}}} $
式中:Δw是瓶子重量的变化(g);X是薄膜的厚度(m);t是时间间隔(s);A是称量瓶瓶口面积(m2);Δp是瓶子内外两侧的饱和水蒸气压差(Pa)。
采用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜的表面形貌[30]。使用导电胶将样品固定在样品台上,后对样品表面进行喷金处理,测试时设定加速电压为15~20 kV,放大倍数为1000倍。
将薄膜裁成一元硬币大小进行X射线衍射扫描,扫描角度范围为5°~60°,电压为40 kV,电流为30 mA,测试步长为0.02°,扫描速率为2 s/步。
将薄膜样品裁剪为2 cm×2 cm的正方形薄片。在25  ℃条件下,使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对样品进行测试,光谱采集范围为4000~500 cm−1,分辨率为4 cm−1。将样品置于光谱仪探头处,记录其红外吸收谱图,并分析特征吸收峰的变化以探究材料的分子结构特征。
所有实验均重复进行三次,采用 SPSS 27.0软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),并在P<0.05水平下进行Duncan多重比较检验。使用Origin 2018软件和Excel软件进行数据处理及图表绘制,结果以平均值±标准偏差的形式呈现。
透光率和外观是包装薄膜的重要特性,直接影响消费者接受度和食品质量。两类薄膜在透光率和外观上存在明显差异。如图1所示,PPI/CS复合膜的透光率随着PPI比例的增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。其中,纯CS膜透光率为82.17%,而当PPI/CS质量比为5:5时,透光率降至47.27%,说明PPI的引入对膜的光学性能产生了较大的影响。这是由于PPI的加入干扰了CS的结晶行为,并诱导了薄膜表面粗糙度的增加,从而引起光散射增强与光泽度降低,最终导致透光率下降[31]。Huntrakul等[32]将豌豆分离蛋白加入乙酰化木薯淀粉薄膜中会导致复合膜透光率降低,薄膜较低透光率可以防止光诱导的脂质氧化[18],适用于包装光敏感或易氧化的产品。而对于GL/CS复合膜,随着GL比例的增加,复合膜透光率略减弱,GL的加入对膜的透光率影响较小。不同质量比的PPI/CS复合膜和GL/CS复合膜外观如图2所示。随着PPI的加入复合膜表面颜色逐渐加深,而对于GL/CS复合膜,薄膜整体呈现均匀的白色透明特性,显示出良好的成膜效果。
PPI/CS复合膜色度变化见表1。不同配比下所得PPI/CS复合膜的L*、a*、b*与ΔE*值均表现出显著变化(P<0.05)。随着PPI添加量增加,薄膜ΔE*值呈现上升的趋势,表明薄膜颜色变化显著;L*值显著减小,说明薄膜的白度降低;a*值、b*值逐渐变大,a*值逐渐增加表示红色加深,b*值增加表明薄膜的黄色加深。造成上述变化的原因可能是PPI为米黄色或灰色粉末,导致复合薄膜颜色随PPI含量的增加而变深,此外PPI的氨基与CS发生美拉德反应也能解释此现象[33]。表2展示了GL/CS复合膜色度变化,随着比例GL的增加,薄膜L*值整体略有上升,表明薄膜亮度有所提高;a*值则呈下降趋势,颜色逐渐偏向绿色;b*值稍有增加,表现为黄色增强,这与GL薄膜本身呈浅黄色、透明度高的光学特性一致[34]。ΔE*值在1:9比例时最低,薄膜颜色最接近标准参考,色差最小,而当GL含量进一步增加时,ΔE*值显著升高(P<0.05),反映薄膜颜色变化更加明显。
PPI/CS薄膜的力学性能变化如图3所示。随着PPI添加量的增加,复合膜的拉伸强度呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。纯CS膜的拉伸强度为2.36 MPa。在PPI/CS质量比为3:7时,拉伸强度降至1.29 MPa;当质量比增加至5:5时,拉伸强度下降至1.08 MPa;与拉伸强度变化趋势相反,断裂伸长率显著提高(P<0.05)。纯CS膜的断裂伸长率为53.39%,在3:7质量比下达到82.16%,在5:5质量比下升至97.24%,较纯CS膜提高82.13%。PPI/CS复合膜拉伸强度降低而断裂伸长率增加,主要与分子链柔韧性的提高有关。PPI分子与淀粉颗粒发生相互作用,削弱淀粉链间原有的氢键网络结构,降低分子间作用力,增强分子链的运动与重排能力,从而形成较为柔性的网络结构[35]。类似地,Kadival等[7]在稻淀粉(RS)/PPI共混凝胶体系中也发现,PPI的加入削弱了凝胶网络结构,导致RS/PPI共混凝胶的硬度显著降低。
GL/CS薄膜的力学性能变化如图4所示。与PPI/CS复合薄膜相反,GL/CS复合膜的拉伸强度随着GL含量的增加显著上升,同时断裂伸长率显著下降(P<0.05)。纯GL膜质地硬且脆[36],因此随着GL添加量的增加,复合膜的延展性降低,表现为断裂伸长率下降。拉伸强度的提升主要是由于GL中的氨基与CS中的羟基之间形成了较强的分子间氢键[37];此外,CS与GL分子间还可能通过阳离子基团与阴离子基团的静电作用交联,构建更稳定的网状结构,从而增强复合膜的拉伸强度。共混膜是CS、GL、甘油和水之间通过自由羟基形成氢键的体系。在GL/CS质量比为4:6时,复合膜的拉伸强度达到最高值4.44 MPa,此时断裂伸长率下降至35.72%;当GL/CS质量比达到5:5时,拉伸强度为4.01 MPa,断裂伸长率为32.59%。这可能是由于高GL比例下淀粉分子趋于形成分子内氢键而非分子间氢键[38],从而削弱了复合体系的结构稳定性。
水分含量反映了薄膜在平衡湿度条件下的吸湿能力,关系到其机械性能和阻隔性能的保持[39]。而水溶性体现了薄膜在水中溶解的程度,直接影响其在潮湿环境中的稳定性[40]。两类复合薄膜的水分含量及水溶性变化如图5所示。图5(a)显示了两种类型薄膜的水分含量。纯CS膜表现出最高的水分含量,为15.22%,这归因于其亲水性。相比之下,随着PPI或GL的添加,复合膜的水分含量整体呈下降趋势。两类复合膜的水分含量均低于纯CS薄膜。在PPI/CS复合膜中,当PPI/CS质量比为3:7时,由于复合膜中CS和PPI之间的相互作用以及PPI中含有疏水性氨基酸残基,PPI可以部分覆盖淀粉中亲水性基团,使得水分含量降至最低的10.91%,降幅达28.32%。在GL/CS复合膜中,GL/CS质量比为4:6时复合膜水分含量降低至12.27%。图5(b)显示了两种类型复合膜的水溶性变化趋势。与纯CS膜相比,两类蛋白质的加入均显著降低了薄膜的水溶性(P<0.05),说明PPI和GL的添加提高了薄膜在水环境中的稳定性。其中,PPI/CS复合膜的水溶性最低值为29.36%,GL/CS复合膜的最低值为30.73%,分别较纯CS膜降低了19.39%和15.64%。
水分含量和水溶性的降低均可归因于CS的羟基基团和两类蛋白质中巯基基团之间的相互交联[41]。蛋白质的加热展开了其三维结构并暴露了巯基基团[42],这有利于与糊化淀粉的羟基基团相互作用,从而限制了水分子与薄膜基质中自由羟基的结合能力。此外,由于PPI在水中的溶解性低于CS,其掺入可进一步抑制膜的水溶性;而GL含量的增加使其与CS分子间交联作用增强,从而减少了亲水基团的暴露。Sukhija等[43]报道了含乳清浓缩蛋白和莲藕淀粉的复合膜的水分含量和水溶性低于仅由莲藕淀粉制成的膜。
吸水性、吸湿性和水蒸气透过率是评价复合薄膜在湿度环境中表现的关键指标,对薄膜的实际应用性能具有重要影响。吸水性和吸湿性则分别揭示了薄膜在直接接触水和暴露于高湿环境下的吸湿行为,而水蒸气透过率反映了薄膜对水蒸气的阻隔能力[44]。由表3与表4可以得到,两类蛋白质的引入明显降低了复合薄膜的吸水性、吸湿性及水蒸气透过率。这可是由于聚合物链的迁移性[45]以及淀粉和蛋白质官能团之间的相互作用等使得复合薄膜表面变得光滑和致密[46],从而限制了气体与水分的扩散传输。此前在玉米醇溶蛋白/淀粉[47]、大豆分离蛋白/玉米淀粉[48]及豌豆分离蛋白/木薯淀粉[32]等多种复合膜体系的研究中均有类似发现,证实蛋白质的掺入有助于改善淀粉基薄膜的水分阻隔性能。
随着PPI的增加,复合膜吸水性、吸湿性及水蒸气透过率呈现出先降低后上升的趋势,阻隔性降低一方面是由于PPI分子链中的部分氨基酸带有疏水基团[49],故其耐水性强于仅以葡萄糖为重复结构单元的淀粉。另一方面,CS在成膜过程中大量羟基暴露,且随着PPI含量的增加其中存在的自由巯基数目增多,二者交互作用变强,使气体与水分不易通过复合膜,也可能导致其阻隔增加[18]。当PPI/CS质量比为3:7时,复合膜的吸水性为362.27%、吸湿性为43.86%、水蒸气透过率为3.16×10−10 g·m/m2·s·Pa,相较纯CS膜分别降低了14.79%、27.87%、11.98%,均达到所有薄膜中的最低值。PPI/CS质量比超过最佳比例后,过多的PPI容易聚集,难以均匀分布从而导致其水分阻隔性能回升。
对于GL/CS复合膜,GL/CS质量比为4:6时,其水蒸气透过率、吸水性和吸湿性相对于纯CS膜得到最大程度的降低,这是由于GL分子既有带正电荷的部分,又有带负电荷的部分[50]。两个带电片段可以通过分子间和分子内相互作用连接。CS羟基上的氢原子与GL氨基与酰胺基上的氢原子之间形成分子间氢键,从而抑制了该比例下薄膜亲水性。PPI疏水性较强、分子量大、湿度的稳定性更好且在特定条件下(如适宜的pH和蛋白浓度)能够与CS形成较为致密的交联网络,故总体看来,PPI在降低复合膜水分敏感性方面的效果优于GL。
纯CS薄膜以及两种蛋白质复合薄膜的微观形貌如图6所示。纯CS薄膜表面粗糙,存在明显的突起和凹陷,这是由于淀粉糊化不完全导致的[51]。CS在水中糊化后,由于淀粉颗粒部分膨胀但未完全破裂,故薄膜干燥后会沉淀出许多溶胀的淀粉颗粒。
相较于纯CS薄膜,GL/CS质量比为2:8和4:6时,复合薄膜表面相对光滑和连续,没有明显的孔和裂纹,这证实了GL的加入可改善CS薄膜的内部结构,使得复合膜粗糙度更低,外观与结构致密均匀。这一结果与GL-壳聚糖复合薄膜的扫描电镜显微图像一致,研究发现GL和壳聚糖之间可能会发生相互作用[52]。根据GL/CS复合薄膜的微观结构,也证明了向CS薄膜中添加GL可以提高拉伸强度。
在PPI/CS复合膜中,膜表面结构的变化与PPI的添加比例以及PPI与CS的相互作用密切相关。当PPI/CS质量比为1:9和5:5时,由于PPI与CS间的相分离效应和高浓度PPI的聚集,导致膜表面不均匀并产生孔隙,同时干燥过程中局部收缩不同步进一步加剧了这种现象。而当PPI/CS质量比为3:7时,复合膜表面呈现致密和平滑的形貌。这可能与PPI与CS间形成了较强的氢键和疏水相互作用相关,PPI均匀分散,构建了稳定的复合网络结构,有效填充了淀粉颗粒之间的空隙,避免了PPI高浓度引发的聚集效应。
两类复合薄膜的X射线衍射图谱如图7所示。纯CS薄膜表现出较为宽阔的衍射峰。具有半结晶聚合物的特征,这表明在糊化处理过程中,CS的螺旋结构被解开,结晶结构遭到破坏。且在2θ=17.5°、19.5°、24.5°处存在明显衍射峰,它们是B型晶体峰[53]。
添加PPI后,其空间位阻效应使CS分子难以相互接近并形成晶体。如图7(a)所示。随着PPI比例的增加,2θ为17.5°和2θ为24.5°处的衍射峰逐渐减弱,复合物中氢键的变化改变了结晶区的形成,进而导致结晶度下降,但也说明PPI和CS两种大分子之间具有很好的生物相容性[22]。纯CS膜的晶粒最大,PPI的加入显著降低了复合膜的晶粒尺寸[54]。因此。PPI的加入会减少CS膜的结晶度,从而影响复合膜柔韧性,这与薄膜机械性能评估所得的结果相符。
GL/CS复合薄膜X射线衍射图谱如图7(b)所示。与PPI/CS复合膜相同,随着GL比例的增加,2θ为17.5°和24.5°处的衍射峰呈现出减弱的趋势。特别的是,在2θ=7°处出现了一个新峰,该峰为GL的特征峰[55],表明GL已成功加入CS基质中,且随着GL比例的增加,该峰强度增强。2θ=19.5°附近的峰为直链淀粉在加工冷却后形成的Vh型结晶峰[22],随着GL含量的增加,Vh型结晶峰变宽,表明复合膜的结晶峰降低,是由于添加的GL阻碍了复合膜中淀粉结晶的重排;当GL/CS质量比为4:6时,Vh型结晶峰逐渐变窄,表明晶粒尺寸增大且结晶度有所提升[56],这一结果证明GL与CS已成功构建起稳定的复合体系。
采用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析了聚合物之间的化学作用和化学键的变化[57]。如图8所示。纯CS及两类复合膜均在3000~3600 cm−1范围内显示出宽谱带,对应于CS的O-H伸缩振动[58]。位于2800~3000 cm−1的吸收峰为C-H伸缩振动区域[59],包括CH2或CH3不对称谱带。纯淀粉膜光谱在1640~1650 cm−1处显示出尖锐的吸收峰,这归因于CS分子中牢固结合的水[60]。加入GL和PPI后,红外光谱图新增酰胺带吸收峰,主要表现为酰胺Ⅰ带(1600~1700 cm−1)和酰胺Ⅱ带(1500~1600 cm−1)[61],酰胺Ⅰ带对应于蛋白质中C=O的伸缩振动,酰胺Ⅱ带对应于N-H弯曲振动和C-N伸缩振动[62]。这些吸收峰的出现表明GL和PPI在复合膜中分别与CS相互作用,且两类蛋白质构象和氢键模式发生了改变[63]。
向CS膜中加入PPI后,如图8(a)所示。红外光谱中出现酰胺Ⅰ带(1645 cm−1)和酰胺Ⅱ带(1546 cm−1)的特征峰,并随着PPI含量增加而逐渐增强。这是由于PPI中酰胺基团(来源于肽键)的特征吸收增加[64],同时PPI与CS分子间的氢键或其他相互作用进一步强化了这些振动吸收强度。这表明PPI的加入不仅改变了膜的化学环境,还增强了两种聚合物之间的相容性。
如图8(b)所示,加入GL的复合薄膜酰胺带吸收峰比PPI/CS复合膜更明显,主要因为GL中含有较多的酰胺基团,且其分子结构规整,易与CS形成强相互作用,从而产生较强的红外吸收峰。而PPI的分子结构更加复杂,酰胺基团的分布不如GL均匀。与PPI/CS复合薄膜不同,GL/CS质量比为1:9和3:7下的复合薄膜,酰胺Ⅰ带与酰胺Ⅱ带的特征峰透过率显著低于质量比为2:8、4:6和5:5的复合膜。这表明,在GL/CS质量比为2:8、4:6和5:5这三种比例下制备的复合膜,酰胺Ⅰ带中C=O键的伸缩振动、酰胺Ⅱ带中N-H键的弯曲振动以及C-N键的伸缩振动显著增强。这可能归因于加热过程中,GL的疏水基团以及隐藏的巯基和羟基逐渐暴露[65]。CS中的疏水分子易于与GL的疏水链段聚集并发生相互作用,增强了CS与GL分子的结合性能。GL/CS质量比为3:7的复合膜酰胺Ⅱ带吸收峰透过率的下降,可能是由于CS与GL之间较弱的相互作用导致分子结构发生变化。此外还发现随着GL含量的提升,GL/CS复合膜在3077 cm−1处产生了肩峰,这是由于N-H伸缩振动[66],且其对氢键的形成具有敏感性。
将植物蛋白PPI和动物蛋白GL引入CS基薄膜中,制备的复合膜在性能和结构上表现出明显变化。结构表征显示,CS基质与PPI及GL之间存在显著相互作用,且二者与CS表现出良好的相容性,进而影响复合膜的理化性能和微观形貌。在PPI/CS体系中,随着PPI含量的增加,复合薄膜的颜色逐渐加深,透光性显著降低(P<0.05),同时表现出较好的延展性和水分阻隔性。当质量比为3:7时,复合膜的水分含量、水溶性、吸湿性、吸水性及水蒸气透过率均降至最低,断裂伸长率为82.16%,但拉伸强度降至1.29 MPa。相比之下,GL在GL/CS体系中对薄膜颜色和透光率影响较小,但GL的加入显著提升了复合膜的拉伸强度(P<0.05)。此外,GL也可改善薄膜的水分阻隔性能,但在相同质量比下,其改善效果弱于PPI。在GL/CS质量比为4:6时,复合膜结构致密均匀,表面光滑且具有较低的吸湿性和水蒸气透过率,拉伸强度达到最大值4.44 MPa,但断裂伸长率下降至35.72%。
PPI/CS复合膜因其良好的柔韧性和优异的水分屏障性能,适用于果蔬、熟食等短期食品包装。相比之下,GL/CS复合膜在力学强度方面具有显著优势,结构更加稳定,适合用于干货、谷物及粉状食品的保护性包装。两种复合薄膜均在不同方面提升了CS薄膜的性能,展现出良好的应用前景,为高性能天然可降解包装材料的设计提供了理论支持和实践方案。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050076
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
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    东北林业大学家居与艺术设计学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

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李琛(1979−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:生物基包装材料,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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