Article(id=1320176011338174635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320175721343987874, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792684088786, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1781452800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684088786, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684088786, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684088786, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320175721343987874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='517', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684019647, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792684019647, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=420, endPage=427, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320176013389189292, articleId=1320176011338174635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Hypoglycemic Activity of Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Purple Sweet Potato Polyphenol-Protein Complexes, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Enzymatic hydrolysates of purple sweet potato polyphenol-protein complexes (PPPCs) exhibited potential hypoglycemic activity. In this study, PPPCs were synergistically hydrolyzed using papain and alkaline protease, followed by fractionation through 3 kDa and 10 kDa ultrafiltration membranes to obtain three peptide fractions (fraction 1: <3 kDa, fraction 2: 3~10 kDa, and fraction 3: >10 kDa). The hypoglycemic effects of these fractions were evaluated in a diabetic mice model induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The most active peptide fraction was further purified by gel chromatography, and its glucose uptake-enhancing activity was assessed using an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model. Results showed that the group of high-dose fraction 1 (D+H1) in the treatment groups exhibited the most potent hypoglycemic effect. Compared with the modeling group without treatment (D+HF), mice in this group demonstrated significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels (P<0.05), markedly improved glucose tolerance (P<0.05), and significant amelioration of diabetes-induced weight loss and damage to the liver, kidneys, and heart (P<0.05). Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly elevated (P<0.05). Notably, its subfraction 1 (Peak 1) significantly increased glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by 16.20% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL (P<0.05). This study confirmed that enzymatic hydrolysates of PPPCs possessed potent hypoglycemic properties. Among them, the <3 kDa peptide fraction had the best hypoglycemic effect and exhibited a certain degree of dose dependency, and its hypoglycemic activity primarily originated from its subfraction 1. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing purple sweet potato-derived bioactive peptides as nutritional interventions for diabetes. Additionally, this study highlights the potential for high-value utilization of agricultural byproducts in functional food applications.

, authors=Yali JIN1, Jia LI2, Meng XU1, Yilin LI1, Wangting ZHOU1, Muci WU1, Jingren HE1, Ning YANG2, *, Rui ZHANG1, *, authorsList=Yali JIN, Jia LI, Meng XU, Yilin LI, Wangting ZHOU, Muci WU, Jingren HE, Ning YANG, Rui ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ning YANG, Rui ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320176015033356475, articleId=1320176011338174635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=紫薯多酚蛋白复合物酶解产物的降血糖活性, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

紫薯多酚蛋白复合物(Purple sweet potato polyphenol-protein complexes,PPPCs)的酶解物在降血糖功能方面具有潜在应用价值。本研究以PPPCs为原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶协同酶解,并通过3 kDa和10 kDa超滤膜分离获得三组不同分子量的活性肽段(组分1:<3 kDa,组分2:3~10 kDa,组分3:>10 kDa)。利用高脂饲养联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型,评估各肽段组分对糖尿病小鼠的降糖活性。采用凝胶渗透色谱对降糖活性最显著的肽段进行分离,并利用HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型评估其对葡萄糖的促消耗能力。结果显示,给药组中组分1高剂量组(D+H1)的降血糖效果最佳,与建模未给药组(D+HF)相比,小鼠空腹血糖水平显著降低(P<0.05),葡萄糖耐受量显著提高(P<0.05),糖尿病引起的体重减轻及肝脏、肾脏和心脏损伤显著改善(P<0.05),血清中总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。其亚组分1(峰1)在0.1 mg/mL浓度下可使胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量提升至16.20%。本研究证实了PPPCs酶解产物具有显著的降血糖活性功能。其中<3 kDa肽段降血糖效果最好且具有一定的剂量依赖性,其降血糖活性主要来源于其亚组分1。此研究结果为紫薯活性肽的开发及糖尿病群体营养干预策略提供了理论依据,同时,为农产品高值化加工和综合利用带来新机遇。

, authors=金雅丽1, 李佳2, 徐梦1, 李伊琳1, 周望庭1, 吴慕慈1, 何静仁1, 杨宁2, *, 张瑞1, *, authorsList=金雅丽, 李佳, 徐梦, 李伊琳, 周望庭, 吴慕慈, 何静仁, 杨宁, 张瑞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨宁, 张瑞, authorNote=

金雅丽(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与应用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨宁(1988−),男,博士,实验师,研究方向:食品加工与过程分析技术,E-mail:。
张瑞(1991−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:植物蛋白与食品物理加工技术,E-mail:。
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注:*表示与D+HF组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=tubDR+yW5ajce+xzpl1mTw==, figureFileBig=K5IVpolOeNvbATiwZfo+7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176024093053183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of each fraction on glucose tolerance in mice, figureFileSmall=UzRfRWhq1GnCTApMEshfJQ==, figureFileBig=t/rBlVaDSSswXNUXtj6CNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176024151773440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组分对小鼠葡萄糖耐受性的影响, figureFileSmall=UzRfRWhq1GnCTApMEshfJQ==, figureFileBig=t/rBlVaDSSswXNUXtj6CNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176024214688001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of each fraction on the body weight of mice, figureFileSmall=p8gnTWPxOCA6U5mmORU6Eg==, figureFileBig=TDp75MIolQBJDtZTyCuhJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320176024277602562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组分对小鼠体重的影响

注:不同小写字母表示有显著差异(P<0.05),图4、图6同。

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Grouping and treatment of experimental mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号饮食灌胃腹腔注射分组缩写
1正常饲料水0.1 mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液正常小鼠+正常饮食N+C
2高脂饲料水0.1 mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液正常小鼠+高脂饮食N+HF
3高脂饲料水50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高脂饮食D+HF
4高脂饲料二甲双胍(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+二甲双胍D+M
5高脂饲料组分1(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量组分1D+H1
6高脂饲料组分1(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量组分1D+L1
7高脂饲料组分2(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量组分2D+H2
8高脂饲料组分2(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量组分2D+L2
9高脂饲料组分3(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量组分3D+H3
10高脂饲料组分3(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量组分3D+L3
11高脂饲料PPPCs(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量PPPCsD+HC
12高脂饲料PPPCs(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量PPPCsD+LC
), ArticleFig(id=1320176026584469772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验小鼠分组及给药情况

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编号饮食灌胃腹腔注射分组缩写
1正常饲料水0.1 mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液正常小鼠+正常饮食N+C
2高脂饲料水0.1 mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液正常小鼠+高脂饮食N+HF
3高脂饲料水50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高脂饮食D+HF
4高脂饲料二甲双胍(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+二甲双胍D+M
5高脂饲料组分1(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量组分1D+H1
6高脂饲料组分1(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量组分1D+L1
7高脂饲料组分2(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量组分2D+H2
8高脂饲料组分2(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量组分2D+L2
9高脂饲料组分3(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量组分3D+H3
10高脂饲料组分3(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量组分3D+L3
11高脂饲料PPPCs(200 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+高剂量PPPCsD+HC
12高脂饲料PPPCs(100 mg/kg)50 mg/kg STZ糖尿病小鼠+低剂量PPPCsD+LC
), ArticleFig(id=1320176026664161549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Survival rate of experimental mice

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序号分组实验小鼠数量
(只)
死亡小鼠数量
(只)
存活小鼠数量
(只)
存活率
(%)
1N+C10010100
2N+HF10010100
3D+HF104660
4D+M102880
5D+H1102880
6D+L1101990
7D+H2103770
8D+L2103770
9D+H3102880
10D+L3103770
11D+HC101990
12D+LC101990
), ArticleFig(id=1320176026727076110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

实验小鼠的存活率

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序号分组实验小鼠数量
(只)
死亡小鼠数量
(只)
存活小鼠数量
(只)
存活率
(%)
1N+C10010100
2N+HF10010100
3D+HF104660
4D+M102880
5D+H1102880
6D+L1101990
7D+H2103770
8D+L2103770
9D+H3102880
10D+L3103770
11D+HC101990
12D+LC101990
), ArticleFig(id=1320176026789990671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of each fraction on the organ coefficients of mice

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组别心脏指数(%)肝脏指数(%)脾脏指数(%)肾脏指数(%)
N+C0.45±0.05b3.96±0.35a0.27±0.08a1.44±0.19d
N+HF0.43±0.07a4.26±0.62b0.28±0.10a1.13±0.17ab
D+HF0.49±0.07e6.31±0.53h0.35±0.06a1.06±0.23a
D+M0.47±0.06cd4.96±0.74c0.28±0.08a1.33±0.25cd
D+H10.46±0.05bc5.06±0.59cd0.30±0.12a1.29±0.17bcd
D+L10.48±0.08de5.98±0.43f0.32±0.09a1.21±0.21abc
D+H20.48±0.06de6.17±0.64gh0.36±0.07a1.13±0.18ab
D+L20.52±0.07f6.29±0.72h0.34±0.12a1.25±0.18abc
D+H30.47±0.07cd5.75±0.35e0.32±0.10a1.27±0.23bcd
D+L30.49±0.05e6.03±0.59fg0.33±0.09a1.12±0.22ab
D+HC0.46±0.09bc5.17±0.43d0.28±0.06a1.31±0.15bcd
D+LC0.47±0.07cd5.66±0.53e0.34±0.08a1.18±0.26abc
), ArticleFig(id=1320176026873876752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320176011338174635, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组分对小鼠脏器系数的影响

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组别心脏指数(%)肝脏指数(%)脾脏指数(%)肾脏指数(%)
N+C0.45±0.05b3.96±0.35a0.27±0.08a1.44±0.19d
N+HF0.43±0.07a4.26±0.62b0.28±0.10a1.13±0.17ab
D+HF0.49±0.07e6.31±0.53h0.35±0.06a1.06±0.23a
D+M0.47±0.06cd4.96±0.74c0.28±0.08a1.33±0.25cd
D+H10.46±0.05bc5.06±0.59cd0.30±0.12a1.29±0.17bcd
D+L10.48±0.08de5.98±0.43f0.32±0.09a1.21±0.21abc
D+H20.48±0.06de6.17±0.64gh0.36±0.07a1.13±0.18ab
D+L20.52±0.07f6.29±0.72h0.34±0.12a1.25±0.18abc
D+H30.47±0.07cd5.75±0.35e0.32±0.10a1.27±0.23bcd
D+L30.49±0.05e6.03±0.59fg0.33±0.09a1.12±0.22ab
D+HC0.46±0.09bc5.17±0.43d0.28±0.06a1.31±0.15bcd
D+LC0.47±0.07cd5.66±0.53e0.34±0.08a1.18±0.26abc
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紫薯多酚蛋白复合物酶解产物的降血糖活性
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金雅丽 1 , 李佳 2 , 徐梦 1 , 李伊琳 1 , 周望庭 1 , 吴慕慈 1 , 何静仁 1 , 杨宁 2, * , 张瑞 1, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(12): 420-427
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (12) : 420 -427
紫薯多酚蛋白复合物酶解产物的降血糖活性
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金雅丽1 , 李佳2, 徐梦1, 李伊琳1, 周望庭1, 吴慕慈1, 何静仁1, 杨宁2, * , 张瑞1, *
作者信息
  • 1武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院/国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心,湖北武汉 430023
  • 2武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院/湖北省农产品加工与转化重点实验室,湖北武汉 430023
通讯作者:
杨宁(1988−),男,博士,实验师,研究方向:食品加工与过程分析技术,E-mail:。
张瑞(1991−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:植物蛋白与食品物理加工技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

金雅丽(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品加工与应用,E-mail:

Hypoglycemic Activity of Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Purple Sweet Potato Polyphenol-Protein Complexes
Yali JIN1 , Jia LI2, Meng XU1, Yilin LI1, Wangting ZHOU1, Muci WU1, Jingren HE1, Ning YANG2, * , Rui ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering/National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
  • 2School of Food Science and Engineering/Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
出版时间: 2026-06-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050072
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紫薯多酚蛋白复合物(Purple sweet potato polyphenol-protein complexes,PPPCs)的酶解物在降血糖功能方面具有潜在应用价值。本研究以PPPCs为原料,采用木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶协同酶解,并通过3 kDa和10 kDa超滤膜分离获得三组不同分子量的活性肽段(组分1:<3 kDa,组分2:3~10 kDa,组分3:>10 kDa)。利用高脂饲养联合腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型,评估各肽段组分对糖尿病小鼠的降糖活性。采用凝胶渗透色谱对降糖活性最显著的肽段进行分离,并利用HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型评估其对葡萄糖的促消耗能力。结果显示,给药组中组分1高剂量组(D+H1)的降血糖效果最佳,与建模未给药组(D+HF)相比,小鼠空腹血糖水平显著降低(P<0.05),葡萄糖耐受量显著提高(P<0.05),糖尿病引起的体重减轻及肝脏、肾脏和心脏损伤显著改善(P<0.05),血清中总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)含量显著提高(P<0.05)。其亚组分1(峰1)在0.1 mg/mL浓度下可使胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量提升至16.20%。本研究证实了PPPCs酶解产物具有显著的降血糖活性功能。其中<3 kDa肽段降血糖效果最好且具有一定的剂量依赖性,其降血糖活性主要来源于其亚组分1。此研究结果为紫薯活性肽的开发及糖尿病群体营养干预策略提供了理论依据,同时,为农产品高值化加工和综合利用带来新机遇。

紫薯多酚蛋白复合物  /  酶解  /  超滤  /  糖尿病模型  /  降血糖

Enzymatic hydrolysates of purple sweet potato polyphenol-protein complexes (PPPCs) exhibited potential hypoglycemic activity. In this study, PPPCs were synergistically hydrolyzed using papain and alkaline protease, followed by fractionation through 3 kDa and 10 kDa ultrafiltration membranes to obtain three peptide fractions (fraction 1: <3 kDa, fraction 2: 3~10 kDa, and fraction 3: >10 kDa). The hypoglycemic effects of these fractions were evaluated in a diabetic mice model induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The most active peptide fraction was further purified by gel chromatography, and its glucose uptake-enhancing activity was assessed using an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model. Results showed that the group of high-dose fraction 1 (D+H1) in the treatment groups exhibited the most potent hypoglycemic effect. Compared with the modeling group without treatment (D+HF), mice in this group demonstrated significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels (P<0.05), markedly improved glucose tolerance (P<0.05), and significant amelioration of diabetes-induced weight loss and damage to the liver, kidneys, and heart (P<0.05). Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly elevated (P<0.05). Notably, its subfraction 1 (Peak 1) significantly increased glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by 16.20% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL (P<0.05). This study confirmed that enzymatic hydrolysates of PPPCs possessed potent hypoglycemic properties. Among them, the <3 kDa peptide fraction had the best hypoglycemic effect and exhibited a certain degree of dose dependency, and its hypoglycemic activity primarily originated from its subfraction 1. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing purple sweet potato-derived bioactive peptides as nutritional interventions for diabetes. Additionally, this study highlights the potential for high-value utilization of agricultural byproducts in functional food applications.

purple sweet potato polyphenol-protein complexes  /  enzymatic hydrolysis  /  ultrafiltration  /  diabetes model  /  hypoglycemic activity
金雅丽, 李佳, 徐梦, 李伊琳, 周望庭, 吴慕慈, 何静仁, 杨宁, 张瑞. 紫薯多酚蛋白复合物酶解产物的降血糖活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (12) : 420 -427 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050072
Yali JIN, Jia LI, Meng XU, Yilin LI, Wangting ZHOU, Muci WU, Jingren HE, Ning YANG, Rui ZHANG. Hypoglycemic Activity of Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Purple Sweet Potato Polyphenol-Protein Complexes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (12) : 420 -427 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050072
糖尿病已成为21世纪最严峻的公共卫生挑战之一,位列心血管疾病和癌症之后,成为第三大杀手,亟需引起社会的广泛关注与重视,推动有效的预防和治疗措施[1]。这种慢性代谢疾病与长期不健康的饮食模式密切相关[2],会引发多器官功能障碍和衰竭[3−4]。目前,糖尿病临床治疗主要依赖胰岛素注射和口服降血糖药。然而,胰岛素治疗可能导致低血糖、增重等不良反应[5],长期口服降血糖药可能引发胃肠道不适、肝肾功能损害等副作用[6]。植物源天然降糖活性物质因安全性高、副作用小等特点,在糖尿病干预研究中备受关注[7−10]。
紫薯富含膳食纤维、多糖、蛋白质和花色苷等多酚类物质。其中,多酚物质常与蛋白质以共价键或非共价键结合形成PPPCs[11],呈现良好的抗氧化和抗炎等生物活性[12−13]。利用酶解处理可有效释放复合物中的功能性肽段。据文献报道,从植物蛋白中酶解获得的降血糖肽,具有活性强、稳定性高、吸收好、免疫原性低等优点,对于辅助治疗糖尿病具有极大潜力[14−18]。近年来,对PPPCs的活性研究越来越多,而对其酶解产物的降血糖活性却鲜有探讨。
本研究以PPPCs为原料,利用木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶进行酶解,通过超滤分离不同分子量肽段,系统评估其对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。并利用HepG2细胞胰岛素抵抗模型,观察其中降血糖活性最好的肽段的凝胶色谱分离峰各组分对葡萄糖消耗量的影响。研究结果将为PPPCs的高值化利用提供理论依据,为天然降血糖功能因子的开发提供新思路,同时,对糖尿病群体营养干预策略研究具有重要意义。
紫薯(‘济薯1号’) 购于山东临沂,于−4 ℃冷藏保存。选取的果实大小均匀,未出现损伤;ICR小鼠 雄性,4周龄,初始体重20±2 g,在ICR实验环境下进行饲养,购自华中科技大学实验动物中心(生产许可号:SCXK(鄂)20230032);HepG2细胞 购自中国科学院典型培养物保藏中心;木瓜蛋白酶(20 kU/g)、碱性蛋白酶(50 kU/g)、胰蛋白酶(20 kU/g)、胰岛素、葡萄糖试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;4%多聚甲醛(分析纯) Biosharp生物有限公司;葡萄糖、盐酸二甲双胍、STZ 分析纯,阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;1640培养基、新生牛血清、抗体、PBS缓冲液 Gibco公司;TC、HDL-C、TG、LDL-C试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;其余试剂均为国产分析纯。
TGCXZ-10B超声逆流循环提取机 北京弘祥隆生物技术股份有限公司;HPS10超滤组件、MSM201膜分离装置 上海摩速科学器材有限公司;XD30倒置显微镜 宁波舜宇仪器有限公司;ALPHA 2-4 LD plus冷冻干燥机 德国Christ公司;JY02S紫外分析仪 北京君意东方电泳设备有限公司;SpectraMaxM2e酶标仪 美谷分子仪器(上海)有限公司;SW-CJ-2FD双人单面净化工作台 苏州净化设备有限公司;CO2生化培养箱 德国Memment公司。
PPPCs的制备参考江甜[19]的方法。新鲜紫薯打浆后按料液比1:8与蒸馏水(pH6.5)混合后置于超声逆流循环提取机中,设置温度为40 ℃,提取90 min。提取液于4000 r/min下离心20 min,分离出上清液并加入硫酸铵至饱和度达60%,4 ℃搅拌60 min以沉淀蛋白。将样品于4000 r/min下再次离心20 min,收集沉淀后用蒸馏水复溶,然后用0.1 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液将pH调节至6.5。随后使用截留分子量为10 kDa的聚醚砜超滤膜进行分离。待透过液的电导率降低至10 µs/cm左右时,收集浓缩组分冻干。
PPPCs的酶解参考李佳等[20]的方法,采用双酶分步酶解,所采用的两种酶为木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶。用蒸馏水将PPPCs冻干粉配制成浓度为0.01 g/mL的底物溶液,用0.1 mol/L的NaOH溶液和HCl溶液调节溶液pH。先在温度50 ℃,pH7.0条件下,按5000 U/g的酶添加量加入木瓜蛋白酶,反应1 h。95 ℃水浴灭活10 min,冷却至室温。然后在温度60 ℃,pH8.0条件下,按酶添加量6000 U/g加入碱性蛋白酶,反应5 h。95 ℃水浴灭活10 min,冷却后4000 r/min离心20 min,收集上清液冻干即得PPPCs酶解粗产物。
将PPPCs酶解粗产物上样至Sep-Pak柱,蒸馏水洗脱并收集洗脱液。减压浓缩后冻干,再用蒸馏水配制成浓度为5%的样品溶液。再先后用3 kDa和10 kDa的超滤离心管将溶液在4000 r/min离心40 min,得到3个不同分子量组分的溶液,冻干。
所有的动物实验程序获华中科技大学实验动物伦理委员会批准,并遵守相关国家标准。ICR小鼠自由饮食1周后,分为12组(n=10),如表1所示。小鼠喂养4周后,建模组以50 mg/kg的剂量连续三次腹腔注射STZ,对照组腹腔注射0.1 mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液[21]。腹腔注射2周后,剪尾部取血,测定血糖值,血糖值大于11.0 mmol/L的为建模成功小鼠[10]。之后按照对应的饮食继续喂养,并按照分组进行对应灌胃给药,每天一次,以二甲双胍(200 mg/kg)作为阳性对照。每周进行体重和空腹血糖值测定,血糖值测定前小鼠禁食8 h(不禁水),剪尾部取血,测定血糖值。第6周对所有小鼠进行口服糖耐量测试(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)。测定前禁食12 h(不禁水),灌胃1 g/kg葡萄糖后,测定各组小鼠0、15、30、60、120 min的血糖值。
实验第6周,小鼠禁食12 h后称重。眼眶静脉采血,室温凝血2 h,1500 r/min离心15 min分离血清,−80 ℃冻存。迅速摘取心、肾、脾、肺、肝组织,4%多聚甲醛固定后−80 ℃保存。按试剂盒说明测定血清中TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C含量。小鼠脏器指数按公式(1)进行计算:
$ \text{OR}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{m}}{\text{M}}\times 100 $
式中:OR:脏器指数,%;m:小鼠脏器的质量,g;M:小鼠解剖前的体重,g。
通过G75凝胶色谱将组分1进行分离,分离条件为:加样量为1 mL,加样浓度为50 mg/mL,洗脱流速为2 r/min。洗脱液经过220 nm紫外检测,分别收集后冻干。
将复苏后的HepG2细胞接种于含10%新生牛血清的1640培养基中,置于CO2培养箱内培养。培养条件:37 ℃的温度、90%的相对湿度以及5%的CO2浓度。细胞单层贴壁时每隔3 d传代一次[22]。
选取处于对数生长期的细胞用于实验。用0.25%胰蛋白酶对细胞进行消化,随后用含10%胎牛血清的1640培养液制备细胞悬液。稀释计数,然后按每孔100 µL细胞悬液(密度为1×104个细胞/孔)接种于96孔板中进行培养。待细胞贴壁后,实验组各孔加入含有对应胰岛素浓度(1×10−5、1×10−6、1×10−7、1×10−8、1×10−9 mmol·L−1)的1640培养液100 µL,正常对照组则加入等量无血清的1640培养液,每组设置6个平行。培养24 h后更换为无血清的1640培养液,继续培养24 h后,采用葡萄糖试剂盒测定培养液中的葡萄糖含量。以无细胞的孔作为空白对照,计算各组的葡萄糖消耗量,并以消耗量最低的一组对应的胰岛素浓度作为建立胰岛素抵抗模型的最佳浓度。
按照1.2.8中的方法培养细胞,细胞贴壁完成后,分为正常对照组、模型组及三个给药组(二甲双胍组、峰1组和峰2组)。正常对照组每孔补充100 µL无血清1640培养液,模型组和各给药组则加入等量含胰岛素的1640无血清培养液,孵育24 h后更换培养液。随后,正常对照组和模型组更换为新鲜无血清1640培养液,各给药组分别加入含不同浓度药物(1、0.5、0.1、0.05、0.01 mg/mL)的无血清1640培养液100 µL,继续培养24 h。之后再次更换培养基,培养18 h后测定各孔葡萄糖含量,并计算其消耗量。
本实验所得数据由至少3次重复独立实验所获取,实验数据表示为平均值±标准偏差,数据的显著性差异分析采用SPSS Statistics 27软件进行,P<0.05表示有显著性差异,采用Origin 2022进行绘图。
基于课题组前期优化的实验结果[20],采用木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶分步对PPPCs进行酶解处理,获得的酶解产物经脱盐、冻干、超滤膜分离处理后,得到三组酶解组分,其分子量范围分别为:组分1:<3 kDa,组分2:3~10 kDa,组分3:>10 kDa。
观察糖尿病模型实验组小鼠存活状况,部分小鼠因严重糖代谢紊乱出现糖不耐受、饮食下降等症状导致死亡。如表2所示,给药组的存活率均高于建模组(D+HF)。其中,D+H1组、D+HC组和D+LC组的小鼠生存状态尤为突出,表现为:存活率较高;生理状态良好,皮毛顺滑且主动活跃;代谢指标稳定,饮水正常。后续试验所测数据均来自于各组末次给药时的存活个体,确保数据可靠性。
建模成功后,每周对小鼠空腹血糖进行1次测定,测定结果如图1所示。模型组的小鼠空腹血糖明显高于正常组小鼠,其中,D+HF组的小鼠血糖一直保持高水平状态,并显著高于给药组(P<0.05)。给药3周后,D+M、D+H1组和D+HC组的小鼠血糖均呈现较明显的下降趋势,一直到给药6周后,D+M组、D+H1组和D+HC组的小鼠血糖水平均低于其他建模组。更值得注意的是,在1~6周内,D+H1组和D+HC组小鼠血糖水平始终低于D+M组,且在开始的2周D+H1组略高于D+HC组,但在之后的四周内D+H1组始终低于D+HC组。可能是刚开始的2周药效还未完全发挥,2周后药效逐渐稳定。说明组分1和复合物均具有一定的降血糖效果,组分1的降血糖效果更优,且均优于常见的口服降糖药二甲双胍。
OGTT是评价小鼠血糖代谢调节能力的标准方法[23]。结果如图2所示,进食15 min内,各组小鼠血糖均呈上升趋势,15 min后,N+C组小鼠血糖值开始降低,但建模组小鼠血糖值仍呈上升趋势,这表明建模组小鼠的葡萄糖耐受性相对于正常组小鼠受损。在30 min时,建模组小鼠的血糖值达到最高值,各给药组小鼠的血糖值均低于D+HF组。30 min后,各建模组小鼠的血糖值均呈现不同速率的下降。在120 min时,D+H1组的血糖值最低,其次为D+HC组。表明组分1可改善小鼠的葡萄糖耐受性损伤,可能是由于组分1可抑制肝脏的糖异生[24]。该结果与空腹血糖实验结果相同,也表明组分1的降血糖效果优于多酚蛋白复合物和二甲双胍。
实验期间,小鼠体重的变化情况如图3所示,N+HF组体重增幅最大,达15.67 g,较N+C组高5.93 g。值得注意的是,所有糖尿病组的小鼠体重增长均显著低于正常组小鼠(P<0.05),这可能与STZ诱导导致糖、脂代谢紊乱、蛋白质分解增强有关[25]。经过给药干预后,D+H1组的小鼠体重增长最高,其次为D+HC组,说明组分1可有效缓解小鼠糖尿病相关的体重减轻。
各组分对小鼠脏器系数的影响如表3所示。其中,脾脏系数在各组中无显著性差异(P>0.05),说明酶解产物对脾脏的保护作用有限;建模组的肝脏系数显著高于正常组(P<0.05),说明建模组小鼠可能存在脂肪肝现象,其中D+HF组的肝脏指数最大,达6.31%±0.53%,表明其脂肪肝现象最严重。给药组中D+M组、D+H1组和D+HC组肝脏系数降低幅度最大,分别较D+HF组下降了21.39%、19.81%和18.07%。表明复合物和组分1都可以有效抑制小鼠肝脏脂肪蓄积,且高剂量组分1的效果更佳;糖尿病组小鼠的心脏系数与正常组相比显著上升(P<0.05),表明糖尿病小鼠出现了心脏肥大现象。经给药干预后,除了D+L2组外小鼠的心脏系数均发生了不同程度的下降,其中:D+H1组和D+HC组心脏系数下降最显著(P<0.05),说明高剂量组分1和复合物可改善心脏肿大现象;D+L1、D+H2和D+L3组与D+HF组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),说明组分2以及低剂量组分1和低剂量组分3对小鼠心脏肿大现象无明显改善;糖尿病会造成肾脏组织的损伤,因此糖尿病小鼠的肾脏系数显著低于正常小鼠(P<0.05),N+C组小鼠的肾脏系数为1.44%±0.19%,而D+HF组下降至1.06%±0.23%,下降了26.39%。经过给药干预后各组的肾脏系数均发生了不同程度的升高,其中D+M组、D+H1组和D+HC的上升程度最大,分别较D+HF组上升了17.70%、14.16%和15.93%。说明高剂量组分1和复合物均可以改善糖尿病引起的肾脏损伤。以上结果可系统性证实PPPCs及其酶解产物对糖尿病引发的多脏器损伤具有选择性保护作用。
糖脂代谢间具有密切的关联性,DM患者通常伴有脂代谢异常的情况[26],而机体中血脂水平的变化可以用来衡量脂代谢情况,因此控制血脂水平被认为和控制血糖同等重要[27]。PPPCs及其酶解产物的各组分对小鼠血清指标的影响如图4所示,图中D+HF模型组的小鼠血清中TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著高于正常组(P<0.05),分别高出25.15%、88.89%和265.00%,而HDL-C水平则显著低于正常组(P<0.05),显著降低28.81%。说明建模组小鼠脂质代谢出现了严重异常。经过各组不同的给药治疗后,糖尿病小鼠出现不同的逆转效果,其中只有D+M、D+H1和D+HC组的小鼠血清中TC、TG和LDL-C水平显著低于D+HF组(P<0.05),同时HDL-C水平显著高于D+HF组(P<0.05),说明二甲双胍、组分1和复合物均有一定的改善脂代谢异常的作用。其中组分1的效果最好,TC、TG和LDL-C水平的降低及HDL-C水平的升高均高于其它组,TC、TG和LDL-C水平较D+HF组分别降低9.69%、32.03%和56.16%,HDL-C水平较D+HF组升高38.44%。
如图5所示,组分1经过凝胶色谱分离后,于220 nm紫外检测得到两个洗脱峰,分别为峰1和峰2,将其冻干成粉后用于后续试验。
胰岛素通过调节糖代谢酶基因表达影响糖代谢[28],低浓度时增强细胞葡萄糖消耗,超过阈值浓度则诱发胰岛素抵抗,抑制葡萄糖的摄取与利用[29–30]。持续性高胰岛素血症可诱导胰岛β细胞功能障碍,进而促进糖尿病发生[31]。如图6所示,在胰岛素浓度低于10−7 mmol/L时,随着胰岛素浓度的下降,细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量增加,当胰岛素浓度为10−8 mmol/L时,实验组细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量已经显著低于正常组(P<0.05),说明此胰岛素浓度已经开始诱发胰岛素抵抗;当胰岛素浓度为10−7 mmol/L时,细胞葡萄糖消耗量达到最低,胰岛素抵抗效果达到最大;而当胰岛素浓度高于10−7 mmol/L后,实验组对葡萄糖的消耗量呈上升趋势,当浓度达10−5 mmol/L时已经显著高于正常组(P<0.05);这可能是由于当胰岛素浓度过高时,可以在短时间内对细胞葡萄糖的消耗起到协助作用。因此选10−7 mmol/L为胰岛素抵抗模型建立的最佳浓度。
图7数据显示,相较于正常对照组,胰岛素抵抗模型组的葡萄糖摄取能力明显下降,表明模型建立有效。不同浓度组分干预后,各给药组间葡萄糖消耗量呈现浓度依赖性差异。峰1组分在浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量最大,达到16.20%,且没有明显的剂量依赖性,当浓度达到1 mg/mL时,细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量低于胰岛素模型组,这可能是由于过高浓度的样品会对细胞的活性产生抑制作用,从而影响葡萄糖的消耗量。峰2组分给药组中细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量最大的浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,最大消耗量为8.77%,低于峰1最佳浓度下细胞的葡萄糖消耗量,这说明峰1促进细胞消耗葡萄糖的效果优于峰2。该实验结果说明组分1的降血糖效果主要源于峰1,且峰1在较低浓度就有较明显的降血糖效果,浓度大于0.1 mg/mL时降血糖效果下降。
本研究系统探究了PPPCs酶解产物的降血糖活性。通过双酶酶解协同超滤分离获得三个组分(<3 kDa、3~10 kDa、>10 kDa),其中<3 kDa组分(组分1)对糖尿病小鼠模型具有显著的降血糖效果:可有效降低空腹血糖(P<0.05),改善糖耐量,调节血脂代谢,并缓解脏器损伤。值得注意的是,组分1的降糖效果优于原复合物,且呈现剂量依赖性。进一步通过凝胶色谱分离组分1获得两个亚组分,其中峰1在0.1 mg/mL浓度下可使胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞的葡萄糖消耗量达到16.20%。这些结果表明,PPPCs经酶解后释放的小分子肽(特别是<3 kDa组分)具有显著的降糖活性,其作用机制可能与改善胰岛素敏感性相关。本研究为紫薯高值化利用提供了新思路,所鉴定的活性肽在功能性食品和糖尿病辅助治疗领域具有重要应用前景。

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2026年第47卷第12期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025050072
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
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    1武汉轻工大学硒科学与工程现代产业学院/国家富硒农产品加工技术研发专业中心,湖北武汉 430023
    2武汉轻工大学食品科学与工程学院/湖北省农产品加工与转化重点实验室,湖北武汉 430023

通讯作者:

杨宁(1988−),男,博士,实验师,研究方向:食品加工与过程分析技术,E-mail:。
张瑞(1991−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:植物蛋白与食品物理加工技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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