Article(id=1320166584916758800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040392, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681841353, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681841353, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681841353, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681841353, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=315, endPage=325, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166585118085393, articleId=1320166584916758800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Analysis of Flavor and Quality of High Quality Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong Tea, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

'Aijiao Oolong' is a distinctive type of Oolong tea from Fujian Province. To investigate the quality and flavor attributes of high-quality Aijiao Oolong tea, the Aijiao Oolong tea products from Jian'ou City were utilized as experimental materials, and classified samples with higher sensory quality scores into a high-quality group for analysis. The main taste and aroma compounds were analyzed using sensory evaluation, biochemical component analysis, and advanced technologies such as UPLC-QqQ-MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry) and HS-SPME-GC-MS (Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results demonstrated that the high-quality group of Aijiao Oolong tea had a distinct floral scent along with a rich, mellow, and fresh taste. Since the flavonoid content (1.50%±0.22%) was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group, the water extract (34.70%±1.36%), tea polyphenols (10.3%±0.69%), and caffeine (4.40%±0.32%) contents of high-quality Aijiao Oolong tea were all significantly higher than those of the ordinary group (P<0.05). The biochemical component results aligned with the tea soup's strong flavor and astringency trend in the high-quality group's sensory rating. Notably, 67.73% of the total amino acid content in the high-quality group was made up of umami amino acids. The fragrant arginine and the fresh, invigorating theanine were the primary distinguishing amino acid components, according to additional analysis using the OPLS-DA model. This could be the primary cause of the Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea soup's high freshness and sweet aftertaste. A total of 527 volatiles were identified in two group tea samples. Finally, 54 volatiles were screened as differential volatiles based on VIP≥1 and P<0.05. OAV and ACI analysis showed that mthyl salicylate, δ-decanolactone, geranyl acetate, and 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine were the main ingredients of the high-quality group, which mainly presented fruity and sweet flowery aroma, their content was significantly higher than that in the ordinary group. The findings can serve as a valuable foundation for investigating and determining the distinctive flavor and quality of high-quality Aijiao Oolong tea.

, authors=Wenping ZHANG1, Jingjing ZHOU1, Hongying PAN2, Yunzhi HAO1, Xinru YU1, Qiuming LI1, Jihang HE1, Hongzheng LIN3, *, Yun SUN1, *, authorsList=Wenping ZHANG, Jingjing ZHOU, Hongying PAN, Yunzhi HAO, Xinru YU, Qiuming LI, Jihang HE, Hongzheng LIN, Yun SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongzheng LIN, Yun SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166586485428508, articleId=1320166584916758800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶风味品质分析, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

‘矮脚乌龙’为福建特色乌龙茶品种,为探讨优质矮脚乌龙茶产品风味品质特征,本研究以建瓯市矮脚乌龙茶产品为试验材料,将感官品质评分较高的样本归类为优质组,通过感官审评、生化成分分析及采用UPLC-QqQ-MS(Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry)、HS-SPME-GC-MS(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)技术对其主要滋味物质和香气物质进行分析。结果表明:优质组矮脚乌龙茶滋味鲜爽醇厚、香气花香馥郁,茶汤花香显,清幽持久。优质矮脚乌龙茶水浸出物(34.70%±1.36%)、茶多酚(10.3%±0.69%)、咖啡碱(4.40%±0.32%)含量高于普通组,黄酮(1.50%±0.22%)含量低于普通组,均呈显著性差异(P<0.05),生化成分结果与感官审评优质组茶汤滋味醇厚度和收敛性强趋势一致。在主要呈味组分分析中,发现优质组鲜味类氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的67.73%,进一步通过OPLS-DA模型分析,筛选出以鲜爽呈味的茶氨酸和芳香类呈味的精氨酸是主要差异氨基酸组分,这可能是优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶汤滋味鲜爽度和回甘度更高的主要原因。通过HS-SPME-GC-MS技术共检测出527种茶叶香气物质,以VIP≥1,P<0.05为条件筛选出54种建瓯矮脚乌龙茶主要特征差异香气物质,结合香气活性值(OAV)和香气特征影响值(ACI)分析表明,优质组与普通组相比水杨酸甲酯、δ-癸内酯、乙酸香叶酯、2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪的含量差异较大,是优质矮脚乌龙茶特征香气形成的关键物质,赋予优质矮脚乌龙茶清甜花香与果香。研究结果可为优质矮脚乌龙茶风味品质特征挖掘鉴定提供重要参考依据。

, authors=张雯萍1, 周晶晶1, 潘宏英2, 郝韵智1, 余欣茹1, 李秋明1, 何吉杭1, 林宏政3, *, 孙云1, *, authorsList=张雯萍, 周晶晶, 潘宏英, 郝韵智, 余欣茹, 李秋明, 何吉杭, 林宏政, 孙云, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=林宏政, 孙云, authorNote=

张雯萍(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
林宏政(1986−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工工程与品质,E-mail:。
孙云(1964−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质,E-mail:。
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注:(a)OPLS-DA得分图;(b)模型交叉验证结果;(c)OPLS-DA模型VIP值(灰色区域表示VIP>1);(d)OPLS-DA散点图(红色为优质组、普通组含量高的物质)。

, figureFileSmall=YlA+8lHFpB8xc7ID9/Liag==, figureFileBig=/rw+ulYatGvbxJ4H+u4VYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166967693132332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Accumulation map of catechin content types (a) and heat map of the relative content of catechin components (b) of different quality Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea, figureFileSmall=OE5UkSFEaH30CVcDxfQEOw==, figureFileBig=1wu8gy7FRNSkknmOgDHLHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166967818961453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶儿茶素种类含量堆积图(a)和儿茶素组分含量热图(b)

注:图中同行不同小写字母(a、b)表示差异显著(P<0.05),标尺从0.00~1.00对应颜色由蓝变红,颜色越偏向红色表示儿茶素组分含量越高,则蓝色与之相反。

, figureFileSmall=OE5UkSFEaH30CVcDxfQEOw==, figureFileBig=1wu8gy7FRNSkknmOgDHLHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166967965762094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ring diagram of aroma substances type (a) and accumulation diagram of relative contents of aroma substances type (b) of different quality Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea, figureFileSmall=G1GA5EE0BunR4ikLP48RXg==, figureFileBig=aQWz15qZsgMR+2P86d3ndw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968087396911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶香气物质种类占比环状图(a)和香气物质种类相对含量占比堆积图(b), figureFileSmall=G1GA5EE0BunR4ikLP48RXg==, figureFileBig=aQWz15qZsgMR+2P86d3ndw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968183865904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=OPLS-DA score chart (a) and cross-validation results of model of aroma substances (b) in Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong of different quality, figureFileSmall=Y8qcXpgdHqav+67e9sVvFQ==, figureFileBig=FF/PRGM1928r6cAlcHsfXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968330666545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙香气物质OPLS-DA得分图(a)和模型交叉验证结果(b), figureFileSmall=Y8qcXpgdHqav+67e9sVvFQ==, figureFileBig=FF/PRGM1928r6cAlcHsfXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968448107058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Different quality Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong key aroma substance, figureFileSmall=OXzcSyF1HBsGhvunWBNhGA==, figureFileBig=1D5eMO60yKwVpZTQATDY2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968599102003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙关键香气物质, figureFileSmall=OXzcSyF1HBsGhvunWBNhGA==, figureFileBig=1D5eMO60yKwVpZTQATDY2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320166968741708340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample information of Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea in different quality type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号获奖情况采摘时间厂家产地
AY1茶王2023年4月建瓯市范家茶源茶叶专业合作社建瓯市东峰镇
AY2金奖2023年4月福建省建瓯市东峰茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY3金奖2023年4月建瓯市东峰镇李墩茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY4银奖2023年4月建瓯市清华茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY5银奖2023年4月建瓯市小青茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY6银奖2023年4月建瓯市茗芝春茶业有限公司建瓯市东峰镇
AP1未获奖2023年4月建瓯市茗悠茶厂建瓯市小桥镇
AP2未获奖2023年5月建瓯市云中茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AP3未获奖2023年4月建瓯市东奥茶厂建瓯市南雅镇
AP4未获奖2023年4月建瓯市世友茶庄建瓯市玉山镇
AP5未获奖2023年4月建瓯市御福岩茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AP6未获奖2023年4月建瓯市双叶茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
), ArticleFig(id=1320166968825594421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶样品信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号获奖情况采摘时间厂家产地
AY1茶王2023年4月建瓯市范家茶源茶叶专业合作社建瓯市东峰镇
AY2金奖2023年4月福建省建瓯市东峰茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY3金奖2023年4月建瓯市东峰镇李墩茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY4银奖2023年4月建瓯市清华茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY5银奖2023年4月建瓯市小青茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AY6银奖2023年4月建瓯市茗芝春茶业有限公司建瓯市东峰镇
AP1未获奖2023年4月建瓯市茗悠茶厂建瓯市小桥镇
AP2未获奖2023年5月建瓯市云中茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AP3未获奖2023年4月建瓯市东奥茶厂建瓯市南雅镇
AP4未获奖2023年4月建瓯市世友茶庄建瓯市玉山镇
AP5未获奖2023年4月建瓯市御福岩茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
AP6未获奖2023年4月建瓯市双叶茶厂建瓯市东峰镇
), ArticleFig(id=1320166968905286198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensory evaluation of Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea in different quality type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品外形汤色香气滋味叶底总分
优质组AY1紧细重实,叶端弯曲,乌润浅橙黄明亮馥郁幽长,有桂花香鲜爽醇厚,花香显肥厚软匀亮,红边显96.5
AY2紧细重实,叶端稍弯曲,乌润浅橙黄明亮香气馥郁幽长醇爽,有回甘匀整明亮,红边显96
AY3紧细重实,叶端稍弯曲,较乌润橙黄较明亮馥郁幽长醇厚,回甘显匀整明亮,红边尚显95.75
AY4紧结匀整,乌润橙黄明亮清高细长醇厚,有回甘匀整,红边尚显94.3
AY5紧结匀整,较乌润橙黄明亮浓郁,花香显醇厚,带花香匀整明亮,红边尚显94
AY6紧结匀整,乌润橙黄尚明亮馥郁细长醇厚,有花香匀整明亮,红边尚显93
普通组AP1紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙黄尚明亮花香较显醇和,带花香匀整明亮,红边尚显88
AP2紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙黄尚明亮花香较显醇和,有涩感尚匀整、红边尚显86
AP3较紧结,尚匀整,较乌润橙红尚明亮清高细长醇和,略带花香尚匀整、红边尚显87
AP4较紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙黄尚明亮香气细沉较醇和,带花香尚匀整、红边尚显84
AP5尚紧结,较匀整,乌褐橙红明亮香气纯正粗浓,略苦涩尚匀整、红边尚显83
AP6紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙红尚明亮花香显纯和,带花香尚匀整,红边尚显84
), ArticleFig(id=1320166970536870457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶感官审评

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品外形汤色香气滋味叶底总分
优质组AY1紧细重实,叶端弯曲,乌润浅橙黄明亮馥郁幽长,有桂花香鲜爽醇厚,花香显肥厚软匀亮,红边显96.5
AY2紧细重实,叶端稍弯曲,乌润浅橙黄明亮香气馥郁幽长醇爽,有回甘匀整明亮,红边显96
AY3紧细重实,叶端稍弯曲,较乌润橙黄较明亮馥郁幽长醇厚,回甘显匀整明亮,红边尚显95.75
AY4紧结匀整,乌润橙黄明亮清高细长醇厚,有回甘匀整,红边尚显94.3
AY5紧结匀整,较乌润橙黄明亮浓郁,花香显醇厚,带花香匀整明亮,红边尚显94
AY6紧结匀整,乌润橙黄尚明亮馥郁细长醇厚,有花香匀整明亮,红边尚显93
普通组AP1紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙黄尚明亮花香较显醇和,带花香匀整明亮,红边尚显88
AP2紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙黄尚明亮花香较显醇和,有涩感尚匀整、红边尚显86
AP3较紧结,尚匀整,较乌润橙红尚明亮清高细长醇和,略带花香尚匀整、红边尚显87
AP4较紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙黄尚明亮香气细沉较醇和,带花香尚匀整、红边尚显84
AP5尚紧结,较匀整,乌褐橙红明亮香气纯正粗浓,略苦涩尚匀整、红边尚显83
AP6紧结尚匀整,较乌润橙红尚明亮花香显纯和,带花香尚匀整,红边尚显84
), ArticleFig(id=1320166970645922362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Contents of biochemical components in Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea at different quality type

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
内含物(%)优质组普通组
水浸出物34.70±1.36a33.42±0.98b
游离氨基酸1.13±0.19a1.10±0.14a
茶多酚10.30±0.69a9.71±1.96b
咖啡碱4.40±0.32a3.67±0.77b
茶黄素0.04±0.00a0.04±0.01a
茶红素1.49±0.21b1.63±0.19a
茶褐素1.90±0.17b2.08±0.22a
黄酮1.50±0.22b1.62±0.77a
), ArticleFig(id=1320166970734002747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶生化成分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
内含物(%)优质组普通组
水浸出物34.70±1.36a33.42±0.98b
游离氨基酸1.13±0.19a1.10±0.14a
茶多酚10.30±0.69a9.71±1.96b
咖啡碱4.40±0.32a3.67±0.77b
茶黄素0.04±0.00a0.04±0.01a
茶红素1.49±0.21b1.63±0.19a
茶褐素1.90±0.17b2.08±0.22a
黄酮1.50±0.22b1.62±0.77a
), ArticleFig(id=1320166970809500220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Content of amino acid components of Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea in different quality (mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型氨基酸缩写优质组普通组
苦味类色氨酸Trp0.18±0.01a0.21±0.02a
γ-氨基丁酸GABA0.14±0.01a0.15±0.01a
缬氨酸Val0.08±0.01b0.10±0.01a
亮氨酸Leu0.10±0.01b0.13±0.00a
异亮氨酸Ile0.07±0.01b0.10±0.01a
组氨酸His0.22±0.01a0.30±0.03a
苯丙氨酸Phe0.02±0.00b0.22±0.01a
半胱酰胺Cys0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a
苦味类总量0.81±0.11b1.00±0.11a
甜味类丙氨酸Ala0.03±0.00a0.03±0.00a
脯氨酸Pro0.08±0.01a0.09±0.01a
丝氨酸Ser0.35±0.02a0.35±0.03a
苏氨酸Thr0.02±0.00b0.03±0.00a
蛋氨酸Met0.00±0.00a0.00±0.00a
谷氨酰胺Gln0.04±0.00b0.06±0.00a
甜味类总量0.53±0.02a0.56±0.04a
鲜味类天冬酰胺Asn0.11±0.00b0.13±0.00a
天冬氨酸Asp0.43±0.02a0.42±0.00a
甘氨酸Gly0.05±0.00b0.06±0.00a
谷氨酸Glu0.08±0.00b0.09±0.00a
茶氨酸Theanine3.17±0.10a2.78±0.04b
鲜味类总量3.83±0.13a3.48±0.04b
芳香类赖氨酸Lys0.08±0.01a0.09±0.01a
精氨酸Arg0.10±0.01a0.05±0.01b
酪氨酸Tyr0.31±0.03a0.32±0.02a
芳香类总量0.49±0.05a0.46±0.03a
所有氨基酸总量5.66±0.22a5.52±0.16a
), ArticleFig(id=1320166970880803389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶氨基酸组分含量(mg/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型氨基酸缩写优质组普通组
苦味类色氨酸Trp0.18±0.01a0.21±0.02a
γ-氨基丁酸GABA0.14±0.01a0.15±0.01a
缬氨酸Val0.08±0.01b0.10±0.01a
亮氨酸Leu0.10±0.01b0.13±0.00a
异亮氨酸Ile0.07±0.01b0.10±0.01a
组氨酸His0.22±0.01a0.30±0.03a
苯丙氨酸Phe0.02±0.00b0.22±0.01a
半胱酰胺Cys0.01±0.00a0.01±0.00a
苦味类总量0.81±0.11b1.00±0.11a
甜味类丙氨酸Ala0.03±0.00a0.03±0.00a
脯氨酸Pro0.08±0.01a0.09±0.01a
丝氨酸Ser0.35±0.02a0.35±0.03a
苏氨酸Thr0.02±0.00b0.03±0.00a
蛋氨酸Met0.00±0.00a0.00±0.00a
谷氨酰胺Gln0.04±0.00b0.06±0.00a
甜味类总量0.53±0.02a0.56±0.04a
鲜味类天冬酰胺Asn0.11±0.00b0.13±0.00a
天冬氨酸Asp0.43±0.02a0.42±0.00a
甘氨酸Gly0.05±0.00b0.06±0.00a
谷氨酸Glu0.08±0.00b0.09±0.00a
茶氨酸Theanine3.17±0.10a2.78±0.04b
鲜味类总量3.83±0.13a3.48±0.04b
芳香类赖氨酸Lys0.08±0.01a0.09±0.01a
精氨酸Arg0.10±0.01a0.05±0.01b
酪氨酸Tyr0.31±0.03a0.32±0.02a
芳香类总量0.49±0.05a0.46±0.03a
所有氨基酸总量5.66±0.22a5.52±0.16a
), ArticleFig(id=1320166970956300862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Key aroma substances in Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong of different quality (VIP≥1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号RI物质CAS编号含量(μg/g)VIP值
优质组普通组
11100丙酸叶醇酯33467-74-212.15±0.927.58±0.277.14
21380己酸叶醇酯31501-11-89.58±0.236.60±0.215.67
31187顺-3-己烯基丁酸酯16491-36-43.14±0.151.30±0.064.99
41502δ-癸内酯705-86-22.46±0.010.86±0.064.26
51396丁位壬内酯3301-94-83.24±0.141.87±0.053.79
613889-癸烯酸乙酯67233-91-42.27±0.043.99±0.113.48
71054γ-己内酯695-06-71.85±0.081.04±0.073.37
81200水杨酸甲酯119-36-82.23±0.091.26±0.063.10
91190丁酸己酯2639-63-62.10±0.081.24±0.043.04
101393丁酸辛酯110-39-42.34±0.124.00±0.332.80
111389顺式-3-己烯酸顺式-3-己烯酯61444-38-01.02±0.030.53±0.032.32
12912γ-丁内酯96-48-01.41±0.070.82±0.012.11
131234二甲基丁酸叶醇酯53398-85-91.51±0.071.05±0.021.92
141189己酸丁酯626-82-40.83±0.040.56±0.031.63
151284己酸3-甲基-2-丁烯酯76649-22-40.34±0.010.15±0.011.44
1611103-甲基丁酸戊酯25415-62-70.51±0.060.32±0.021.28
酯类46.9733.18
11176薄荷醇2216-51-52.03±0.110.78±0.034.09
21384乙酸香叶酯105-87-32.45±0.071.23±0.023.84
31049β-罗勒烯3779-61-12.09±0.071.36±0.032.79
411956,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇515-00-40.47±0.010.11±0.002.00
51384β-波旁烯5208-59-30.83±0.020.53±0.021.74
61100芳樟醇78-70-61.05±0.010.69±0.031.55
71037罗勒烯13877-91-30.85±0.020.63±0.021.27
81523顺-菖蒲烯483-77-20.48±0.000.69±0.021.23
91031(+)-柠檬烯5989-27-51.29±0.061.06±0.041.04
101147(S)-2-甲基-6-亚甲基-2,7-辛二烯-4-醇35628-00-30.30±0.010.18±0.011.01
萜类11.837.25
19092,5-二甲基吡嗪123-32-07.51±0.354.13±0.385.38
210042-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪15707-23-07.36±0.344.68±0.064.52
310822-乙酰基-3-甲基吡嗪23787-80-61.80±0.131.05±0.062.46
410632-乙酰吡咯1072-83-92.95±0.072.26±0.102.31
511623,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪18138-05-11.40±0.050.82±0.012.15
69112-乙酰呋喃1192-62-71.20±0.060.74±0.021.95
71004三甲基吡嗪14667-55-10.35±0.020.20±0.001.13
810121H-吡咯-2-甲醛1003-29-80.14±0.040.32±0.041.09
杂环类22.7014.21
111003,6-壬二烯醛21944-83-21.52±0.100.89±0.042.58
29645-甲基糠醛620-02-01.63±0.080.82±0.022.36
31103(Z)-6-壬醛2277-19-21.52±0.250.87±0.042.15
4962苯甲醛100-52-73.02±0.173.70±0.072.04
51106可可醛35158-25-91.14±0.030.78±0.031.80
68532-己烯醛505-57-70.44±0.020.32±0.011.04
醛类9.277.39
1871对二甲苯106-42-31.36±0.030.83±0.021.96
213541,2-二氢-1,1,6-三甲基-萘30364-38-62.48±0.051.90±0.031.92
311151,2,4,5-四甲基苯95-93-20.57±0.020.36±0.011.58
4763甲苯108-88-32.02±0.061.64±0.021.41
51400十四烷629-59-40.89±0.011.07±0.021.11
烃类7.335.80
113782-丁基-2-辛醇13019-16-41.06±0.031.97±0.062.68482
21123(1R,4R)-1-甲基-4-丙-1-烯-2-基环己基-2-烯-1-醇7212-40-02.22±0.141.37±0.062.49
31034苯甲醇100-51-62.74±0.133.62±0.182.18
醇类6.026.97
1987甲基庚烯酮110-93-02.22±0.103.33±0.103.44
211831-苯基-1,2-丙二酮579-07-70.25±0.010.07±0.001.38
31067苯乙酮98-86-20.64±0.030.47±0.021.18
酮类3.113.87
11075间甲酚108-39-40.59±0.030.33±0.001.59
21073对甲酚106-44-50.39±0.010.22±0.011.17
酚类0.970.55
111942-壬腈29127-83-11.21±0.050.7±0.031.88
含氮化合物1.210.7
总量109.4079.93
), ArticleFig(id=1320166971027604031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙关键香气物质(VIP≥1)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号RI物质CAS编号含量(μg/g)VIP值
优质组普通组
11100丙酸叶醇酯33467-74-212.15±0.927.58±0.277.14
21380己酸叶醇酯31501-11-89.58±0.236.60±0.215.67
31187顺-3-己烯基丁酸酯16491-36-43.14±0.151.30±0.064.99
41502δ-癸内酯705-86-22.46±0.010.86±0.064.26
51396丁位壬内酯3301-94-83.24±0.141.87±0.053.79
613889-癸烯酸乙酯67233-91-42.27±0.043.99±0.113.48
71054γ-己内酯695-06-71.85±0.081.04±0.073.37
81200水杨酸甲酯119-36-82.23±0.091.26±0.063.10
91190丁酸己酯2639-63-62.10±0.081.24±0.043.04
101393丁酸辛酯110-39-42.34±0.124.00±0.332.80
111389顺式-3-己烯酸顺式-3-己烯酯61444-38-01.02±0.030.53±0.032.32
12912γ-丁内酯96-48-01.41±0.070.82±0.012.11
131234二甲基丁酸叶醇酯53398-85-91.51±0.071.05±0.021.92
141189己酸丁酯626-82-40.83±0.040.56±0.031.63
151284己酸3-甲基-2-丁烯酯76649-22-40.34±0.010.15±0.011.44
1611103-甲基丁酸戊酯25415-62-70.51±0.060.32±0.021.28
酯类46.9733.18
11176薄荷醇2216-51-52.03±0.110.78±0.034.09
21384乙酸香叶酯105-87-32.45±0.071.23±0.023.84
31049β-罗勒烯3779-61-12.09±0.071.36±0.032.79
411956,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇515-00-40.47±0.010.11±0.002.00
51384β-波旁烯5208-59-30.83±0.020.53±0.021.74
61100芳樟醇78-70-61.05±0.010.69±0.031.55
71037罗勒烯13877-91-30.85±0.020.63±0.021.27
81523顺-菖蒲烯483-77-20.48±0.000.69±0.021.23
91031(+)-柠檬烯5989-27-51.29±0.061.06±0.041.04
101147(S)-2-甲基-6-亚甲基-2,7-辛二烯-4-醇35628-00-30.30±0.010.18±0.011.01
萜类11.837.25
19092,5-二甲基吡嗪123-32-07.51±0.354.13±0.385.38
210042-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪15707-23-07.36±0.344.68±0.064.52
310822-乙酰基-3-甲基吡嗪23787-80-61.80±0.131.05±0.062.46
410632-乙酰吡咯1072-83-92.95±0.072.26±0.102.31
511623,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪18138-05-11.40±0.050.82±0.012.15
69112-乙酰呋喃1192-62-71.20±0.060.74±0.021.95
71004三甲基吡嗪14667-55-10.35±0.020.20±0.001.13
810121H-吡咯-2-甲醛1003-29-80.14±0.040.32±0.041.09
杂环类22.7014.21
111003,6-壬二烯醛21944-83-21.52±0.100.89±0.042.58
29645-甲基糠醛620-02-01.63±0.080.82±0.022.36
31103(Z)-6-壬醛2277-19-21.52±0.250.87±0.042.15
4962苯甲醛100-52-73.02±0.173.70±0.072.04
51106可可醛35158-25-91.14±0.030.78±0.031.80
68532-己烯醛505-57-70.44±0.020.32±0.011.04
醛类9.277.39
1871对二甲苯106-42-31.36±0.030.83±0.021.96
213541,2-二氢-1,1,6-三甲基-萘30364-38-62.48±0.051.90±0.031.92
311151,2,4,5-四甲基苯95-93-20.57±0.020.36±0.011.58
4763甲苯108-88-32.02±0.061.64±0.021.41
51400十四烷629-59-40.89±0.011.07±0.021.11
烃类7.335.80
113782-丁基-2-辛醇13019-16-41.06±0.031.97±0.062.68482
21123(1R,4R)-1-甲基-4-丙-1-烯-2-基环己基-2-烯-1-醇7212-40-02.22±0.141.37±0.062.49
31034苯甲醇100-51-62.74±0.133.62±0.182.18
醇类6.026.97
1987甲基庚烯酮110-93-02.22±0.103.33±0.103.44
211831-苯基-1,2-丙二酮579-07-70.25±0.010.07±0.001.38
31067苯乙酮98-86-20.64±0.030.47±0.021.18
酮类3.113.87
11075间甲酚108-39-40.59±0.030.33±0.001.59
21073对甲酚106-44-50.39±0.010.22±0.011.17
酚类0.970.55
111942-壬腈29127-83-11.21±0.050.7±0.031.88
含氮化合物1.210.7
总量109.4079.93
), ArticleFig(id=1320166971107295808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

OAV>1 aroma substance and ACI value of Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong samples with different quality

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序号关键香气物质阈值[17,19,38−40](μg/g)OAVACI(%)香气特征[17,20,38,41]
优质组普通组优质组普通组
1水杨酸甲酯0.0455.64±2.3731.48±1.6123.05±0.3116.97±0.34杏仁香、薄荷香、冬青油香
2δ-癸内酯0.06637.21±0.2113.10±0.8715.44±0.507.06±0.33甜香、奶油香、水果香
3甲基庚烯酮0.0544.39±2.0966.53±2.0818.39±0.4235.89±0.30果香、清香
4乙酸香叶酯0.124.49±0.7312.28±0.2010.15±0.136.63±0.12花香
52-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪0.2430.66±1.4119.51±0.2612.70±0.2010.53±0.25坚果香
69-癸烯酸乙酯0.211.36±0.1919.97±0.554.71±0.0710.78±0.10果香、脂肪香
7丁酸己酯0.20310.37±0.416.12±0.194.30±0.073.30±0.06甜香、果香
8己酸叶醇酯0.78112.26±0.308.45±0.275.08±0.104.56±0.04青草香、果香
9γ-己内酯0.267.10±0.313.99±0.262.94±0.042.15±0.08甜香
102,5-二甲基吡嗪1.754.29±0.202.36±0.221.78±0.031.28±0.14可可香
11薄荷醇0.92.26±0.130.86±0.030.93±0.030.47±0.01清凉薄荷香
12丁位壬内酯2.61.25±0.050.72±0.020.52±0.010.39±0.01椰子香、奶香
), ArticleFig(id=1320166971195376193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166584916758800, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙样品OAV>1香气物质及ACI值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号关键香气物质阈值[17,19,38−40](μg/g)OAVACI(%)香气特征[17,20,38,41]
优质组普通组优质组普通组
1水杨酸甲酯0.0455.64±2.3731.48±1.6123.05±0.3116.97±0.34杏仁香、薄荷香、冬青油香
2δ-癸内酯0.06637.21±0.2113.10±0.8715.44±0.507.06±0.33甜香、奶油香、水果香
3甲基庚烯酮0.0544.39±2.0966.53±2.0818.39±0.4235.89±0.30果香、清香
4乙酸香叶酯0.124.49±0.7312.28±0.2010.15±0.136.63±0.12花香
52-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪0.2430.66±1.4119.51±0.2612.70±0.2010.53±0.25坚果香
69-癸烯酸乙酯0.211.36±0.1919.97±0.554.71±0.0710.78±0.10果香、脂肪香
7丁酸己酯0.20310.37±0.416.12±0.194.30±0.073.30±0.06甜香、果香
8己酸叶醇酯0.78112.26±0.308.45±0.275.08±0.104.56±0.04青草香、果香
9γ-己内酯0.267.10±0.313.99±0.262.94±0.042.15±0.08甜香
102,5-二甲基吡嗪1.754.29±0.202.36±0.221.78±0.031.28±0.14可可香
11薄荷醇0.92.26±0.130.86±0.030.93±0.030.47±0.01清凉薄荷香
12丁位壬内酯2.61.25±0.050.72±0.020.52±0.010.39±0.01椰子香、奶香
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优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶风味品质分析
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张雯萍 1 , 周晶晶 1 , 潘宏英 2 , 郝韵智 1 , 余欣茹 1 , 李秋明 1 , 何吉杭 1 , 林宏政 3, * , 孙云 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(11): 315-325
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (11) : 315 -325
优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶风味品质分析
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张雯萍1 , 周晶晶1, 潘宏英2, 郝韵智1, 余欣茹1, 李秋明1, 何吉杭1, 林宏政3, * , 孙云1, *
作者信息
  • 1福建农林大学园艺学院/茶学福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 350002
  • 2建瓯市茶业发展中心,福建建瓯 353100
  • 3福建农业职业技术学院园艺园林学院,福建福州 350303
通讯作者:
林宏政(1986−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工工程与品质,E-mail:。
孙云(1964−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质,E-mail:。
作者简介:

张雯萍(2000−),女,硕士,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质,E-mail:

Analysis of Flavor and Quality of High Quality Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong Tea
Wenping ZHANG1 , Jingjing ZHOU1, Hongying PAN2, Yunzhi HAO1, Xinru YU1, Qiuming LI1, Jihang HE1, Hongzheng LIN3, * , Yun SUN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Fujian Universities, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 2Jian'ou Tea Industry Development Center, Jian'ou 353100, China
  • 3Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350303, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040392
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‘矮脚乌龙’为福建特色乌龙茶品种,为探讨优质矮脚乌龙茶产品风味品质特征,本研究以建瓯市矮脚乌龙茶产品为试验材料,将感官品质评分较高的样本归类为优质组,通过感官审评、生化成分分析及采用UPLC-QqQ-MS(Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry)、HS-SPME-GC-MS(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)技术对其主要滋味物质和香气物质进行分析。结果表明:优质组矮脚乌龙茶滋味鲜爽醇厚、香气花香馥郁,茶汤花香显,清幽持久。优质矮脚乌龙茶水浸出物(34.70%±1.36%)、茶多酚(10.3%±0.69%)、咖啡碱(4.40%±0.32%)含量高于普通组,黄酮(1.50%±0.22%)含量低于普通组,均呈显著性差异(P<0.05),生化成分结果与感官审评优质组茶汤滋味醇厚度和收敛性强趋势一致。在主要呈味组分分析中,发现优质组鲜味类氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的67.73%,进一步通过OPLS-DA模型分析,筛选出以鲜爽呈味的茶氨酸和芳香类呈味的精氨酸是主要差异氨基酸组分,这可能是优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶汤滋味鲜爽度和回甘度更高的主要原因。通过HS-SPME-GC-MS技术共检测出527种茶叶香气物质,以VIP≥1,P<0.05为条件筛选出54种建瓯矮脚乌龙茶主要特征差异香气物质,结合香气活性值(OAV)和香气特征影响值(ACI)分析表明,优质组与普通组相比水杨酸甲酯、δ-癸内酯、乙酸香叶酯、2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪的含量差异较大,是优质矮脚乌龙茶特征香气形成的关键物质,赋予优质矮脚乌龙茶清甜花香与果香。研究结果可为优质矮脚乌龙茶风味品质特征挖掘鉴定提供重要参考依据。

矮脚乌龙  /  品质  /  滋味  /  香气  /  风味

'Aijiao Oolong' is a distinctive type of Oolong tea from Fujian Province. To investigate the quality and flavor attributes of high-quality Aijiao Oolong tea, the Aijiao Oolong tea products from Jian'ou City were utilized as experimental materials, and classified samples with higher sensory quality scores into a high-quality group for analysis. The main taste and aroma compounds were analyzed using sensory evaluation, biochemical component analysis, and advanced technologies such as UPLC-QqQ-MS (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry) and HS-SPME-GC-MS (Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). The results demonstrated that the high-quality group of Aijiao Oolong tea had a distinct floral scent along with a rich, mellow, and fresh taste. Since the flavonoid content (1.50%±0.22%) was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group, the water extract (34.70%±1.36%), tea polyphenols (10.3%±0.69%), and caffeine (4.40%±0.32%) contents of high-quality Aijiao Oolong tea were all significantly higher than those of the ordinary group (P<0.05). The biochemical component results aligned with the tea soup's strong flavor and astringency trend in the high-quality group's sensory rating. Notably, 67.73% of the total amino acid content in the high-quality group was made up of umami amino acids. The fragrant arginine and the fresh, invigorating theanine were the primary distinguishing amino acid components, according to additional analysis using the OPLS-DA model. This could be the primary cause of the Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong tea soup's high freshness and sweet aftertaste. A total of 527 volatiles were identified in two group tea samples. Finally, 54 volatiles were screened as differential volatiles based on VIP≥1 and P<0.05. OAV and ACI analysis showed that mthyl salicylate, δ-decanolactone, geranyl acetate, and 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine were the main ingredients of the high-quality group, which mainly presented fruity and sweet flowery aroma, their content was significantly higher than that in the ordinary group. The findings can serve as a valuable foundation for investigating and determining the distinctive flavor and quality of high-quality Aijiao Oolong tea.

Aijiao Oolong  /  quality  /  taste  /  aroma  /  flavor
张雯萍, 周晶晶, 潘宏英, 郝韵智, 余欣茹, 李秋明, 何吉杭, 林宏政, 孙云. 优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶风味品质分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 315 -325 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040392
Wenping ZHANG, Jingjing ZHOU, Hongying PAN, Yunzhi HAO, Xinru YU, Qiuming LI, Jihang HE, Hongzheng LIN, Yun SUN. Analysis of Flavor and Quality of High Quality Jian'ou Aijiao Oolong Tea[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 315 -325 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040392
建瓯市是福建省主要的乌龙茶产区之一,是北苑贡茶的发源地,蕴藏着丰富的茶树种质资源[1]。‘矮脚乌龙’是建瓯市茶叶的特色和主要品种之一,拥有百年以上的栽培历史,其具抗逆性强、易栽培、品质优异等特点。1990年姚月明等[2]对福建省的乌龙茶茶树对比研究中,证实福建建瓯矮脚乌龙茶树是台湾当家品种青心乌龙的亲缘茶树。矮脚乌龙茶以其优异的抗逆性和品质特征著称,其成茶条索细紧重实、色泽乌褐油润,特征性香气融合桂花香与兰花香,汤色金黄明亮[3],这些风味品质使其在消费市场广受欢迎。为提升优质矮脚乌龙茶供应,建瓯市虽举办茶王赛等审评活动,但该方法易受主观因素和环境干扰,耗资大且产出有限,难以满足日益增长的需求。
目前,矮脚乌龙茶的品质形成机制研究中建瓯矮脚乌龙茶初制工艺品质关键因子可归纳为鲜叶质量与加工技术两大要素。鲜叶质量研究表明,矮脚乌龙在生化成分上具有独特代谢谱,例如在没食子酸(GA)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)及总儿茶素等指标上表现突出,这与其浓醇回甘的滋味品质直接相关[4];同时,引种至武夷山后,矮脚乌龙能保持稳定的植物学性状,并在茶多酚、咖啡碱和水浸出物含量上显著高于其他品种[5−6],如九龙袍、毛蟹和丹桂等,这进一步证实了其适应性和品质优势。在加工过程中,矮脚乌龙的特征性花果香气形成与萜烯类物质的动态变化密切相关,包括反-β-罗勒烯、α-法尼烯及顺式-马鞭烯醇等成分的代谢调控[7]。烘焙工艺[8]对香气组分影响显著:醇类和碳氢化合物随温度升高而递减,而酮类物质则呈上升趋势;烘焙试验表明,60~75 ℃为最佳烘焙区间,过高温度会导致花香衰减和火功味加重。
关于优质矮脚乌龙茶的风味品质特征尚未明晰,其感官品质与化学品质关联有待进一步深入研究。为探究优质矮脚乌龙茶的风味品质特征,本研究以2023年建瓯市“北苑贡茶”茶王赛中矮脚乌龙茶样为研究对象,通过对感官品质、生化成分、关键滋味物质组分及香气物质检测与分析,旨在探究矮脚乌龙茶感官品质与化学成分的关系,为建瓯矮脚乌龙茶的风味品质特性的客观评价提供参考,为推广优质矮脚乌龙茶产品提供理论依据。
矮脚乌龙茶样品 来自建瓯市2023年“北苑贡茶”茶王赛参赛样品,焙火程度为中火,以获奖茶6个茶样为优质组,用AY表示(AY1~AY6);以未获奖6个茶样为普通组,用AP表示(AP1~AP6),样品情况见表1。每个样品设置3个重复样;磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钠、茚三酮、氯化亚锡、碱式乙酸铅、饱和草酸、福林酚、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;甲醇、95%乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、盐酸、硫酸 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;3-己酮 色谱纯,BioBioPha/Sigma-Aldrich公司;正己烷 色谱纯,德国Meker公司;标准品 色谱纯,BioBioPha/Sigma-Aldrich。
DK-S24型电热恒温水浴锅 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;SHB-III型循环水式真空泵 郑州长城科工贸有限公司;UV-2800AH型紫外可见光光度计 上海尤尼克仪器有限公司;722S可见分光光度仪 上海棱光技术有限公司;JY-5430R型台式高速冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;GZY-P1O-W超纯水机 湖南科尔顿水务有限公司;UPLC-QQQ-MS三重四极杆液质联用仪 美国Waters公司;Vortex-Genie2涡旋振荡器 美国Scientific Industries公司;G560E涡旋振荡器 美国Industrial Industries公司;KQ-300GDV恒温数控超声波清洗器 昆山超声仪器公司;8890-7000D GC-MS/MS、DB-5MS石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) 美国Agilent公司。
参照国家标准《茶叶感官审评方法》(GB/T 23776-2018)[9]和团体标准《北苑贡茶 矮脚乌龙》(T/BYGC 0001-2023)[3],由六名受过专业训练的高级评茶员对茶样进行感官审评。
样品中水浸出物含量测定参照GB/T 8305-2013[10];游离氨基酸含量测定依据GB/T 8314-2013[11];茶多酚含量测定按照GB/T 8313-2018[12];咖啡碱含量测定采用GB/T 8312-2013[13]方法;茶红素、茶黄素及茶褐素含量测定参照系统比色法[14],取3 g茶叶粉末,加入沸水水浴,使用分液漏斗加入50 mL茶汤和50 mL乙酸乙酯振荡5 min后分离,萃取溶液分别加入95%乙醇、饱和草酸溶液,在波长380 nm比色测定;黄酮类物质含量测定使用AlCl3比色法[15],取 1 g茶叶粉末,加入70%甲醇进行水浴,冷却离心后取上清液,取0.5 mL提取液加入1% AlCl3溶液至10 mL,避光静置反应10 min后,在波长420 nm比色测定。
参照Feng等[16]的方法,将矮脚乌龙茶茶样研磨至粉状,茶粉过40目筛,每份样品称30 mg于2 mL离心管中,实验全程于冰上完成。每份样品加入1 mL 70%甲醇/水溶液,室温超声20 min、100%功率。在离心机中4 ℃,12000 r/min,离心10 min,取上清液原液待用。将提取原液分别稀释100倍和400倍,取700 μL稀释的上清液至进样瓶中,供UPLC-QQQ-MS分析,每份样品重复3次。
氨基酸、儿茶素组分定性、定量分析参照占鑫怡等[17]的方法进行数据计算。氨基酸、儿茶素标准曲线绘制:根据已测批量待测物的峰面积与已知质量浓度的标准溶液的峰面积进行比例换算,估算待测物的质量浓度范围;配制5个以上不同质量浓度的标准溶液,以标准溶液质量浓度x为横坐标(μg/mL),峰面积为纵坐标(y),绘制不同氨基酸、儿茶素组分的标准曲线,得出回归方程,然后根据标准曲线进行定量分析。
将−80 ℃冰箱保存的矮脚乌龙茶样本于液氮环境中速冻脆化,经液氮辅助超细研磨后,采用涡旋振荡器实现基质均匀分散。使用分析天平(精度0.1 mg)精确量取(500.0±0.5)mg置于20 mL顶空瓶中。依次注入5 mL饱和氯化钠溶液及20 μL 3-己酮(10 μg/mL)工作液,随即装配全自动固相微萃取装置进行吸附相选择与吸取操作。
在Fiber Conditioning Station中完成120 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS复合涂层萃取头的老化处理(250 ℃,5 min)。样品在60 ℃恒温条件下平衡5 min后,以500 r/min振荡频率进行15 min动态顶空吸附。热解析过程在GC进样口温度为250 ℃,时间为5 min,完成分离鉴定温度为250 ℃×5 min。配置DB-5MS石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气采用高纯氦气(纯度不小于99.999%),恒流流速1.2 mL/min。进样系统维持250 ℃高温,采用不分流进样策略,设置3.5 min溶剂延迟窗口。程序升温梯度:初始40 ℃保持3.5 min,以10 ℃/min升至100 ℃;7 ℃/min升至180 ℃;最终以25 ℃/min升至280 ℃保持5 min。EI离子源(70 eV)与四极杆质量分析器联用,关键温控参数:离子源230 ℃、四极杆150 ℃、传输线280 ℃。依据GB 23200.8-2016标准,扫描方式为选择离子检测模式,扫描范围覆盖目标化合物的特征离子质量数,针对目标化合物特征离子选择至少1个定量离子和2个定性离子,确保定性定量分析的专属性与灵敏度。
参考Yuan等[18]报道的文献方法并基于迈维自建(MWGC)数据库,对香气组分进行定性定量分析,鉴定挥发性化合物。根据得到的物质峰与NIST谱库对比进行物质鉴定,并以相同前处理方式测定不同碳原子保留时间,计算出物质对应的保留指数(Retention Index,RI),通过内标半定量法[19]计算出各代谢物的含量,香气组分含量=香气物质峰面积×内标物含量/内标物峰峰面积。
参照黄慧清等[20]的方法计算RI、香气活性值(Odor Activity Value,OAV)与香气特征影响值(Aroma Contribution Index,ACI),计算公式如下:
$ \rm RI=100\mathrm{n}+100\times ({\text{RT}}_{\text{样品}}-{\text{RT}}_{\mathrm{n}})/({\text{RT}}_{\mathrm{n}+1}-{\text{RT}}_{\mathrm{n}}) $
式中:RI为该香气物质的保留指数;n为该化合物前一个碳标的原子数;RT样品为该化合物的保留时间;$ {\text{RT}}_{\mathrm{n}} $为该化合物前一碳标的保留时间;$ {\text{RT}}_{\mathrm{n}+1} $为该化合物后一碳标的保留时间。
$ \rm OVA_i=\frac{{C}_{i}}{{T}_{i}} $
式中:OAVi为化合物i的香气活性值;Ci(μg/g)为香气物质的含量;Ti(μg/g)为香气物质的阈值[21–22]。
$\rm ACI({\text{%}})=\frac{{O}_{x}}{{\sum }_{n}{O}_{n}}\times 100 $
式中:ACI为香气特征影响值;Ox为香气成分x的香气活性值[23]。
每个样品均进行独立理化检测,均重复测定3次,优质组与普通组数据以样品平均值±标准差表示;采用SIMCA-P14.1进行正交偏最小二乘法判别分析;SPSS26软件进行描述性分析及方差分析(ANOVA)的显著性分析;Origin软件绘制堆积百分图;Graphpad Prism 9.0软件绘制柱状图;TBools绘制热图。
两组矮脚乌龙茶感官审评结果表明(表2),优质组各项感官指标评价均好于普通组,优质组感官总得分为93~96.50分,平均值为94.93±1.24分,普通组总得分为83~88分,平均值为85.33±1.80分。两组感官评价总分差异显著;优质组矮脚乌龙茶总体表现为条索紧细重实,干茶色泽乌褐油润,汤色橙黄明亮,香气花香馥郁持久悠长,滋味醇厚鲜爽,叶底肥厚软匀,红边显。普通组总体条索尚紧结,干茶色泽较乌润,香气清高细长,汤色橙黄尚明亮,滋味醇和略带苦涩,叶底较肥厚尚匀、有红边。
茶叶主要生化成分能够在一定程度上反映茶汤滋味品质差异[24],水浸出物是茶汤滋味厚薄的重要指标,而游离氨基酸是茶汤鲜甜的主要呈味物质,二者含量高低与茶叶品质呈正相关。根据表3的检测结果,发现优质组水浸出物和游离氨基酸含量比普通组高。在影响茶汤苦涩味的物质中,茶多酚和黄酮是茶汤苦涩味的主要贡献物质,优质组的茶多酚含量(10.30%)显著高于普通组(9.71%),而黄酮含量(1.50%)显著低于普通组(1.62%)(P<0.05)。同时,优质组的咖啡碱含量也显著高于普通组(P<0.05)。两组茶黄素含量无显著差异,普通组茶红素和茶褐素含量均显著高于优质组(P<0.05),这与感官审评中普通组茶汤汤色更橙红更深结果相一致。此外,研究表明咖啡碱能与儿茶素、茶黄素形成络合物,从而使茶汤形成一定刺激性且较协调的爽口感[25]。总体而言,优质组和普通组建瓯矮脚乌龙的主要生化结果分析与感官审评结果趋势一致。
通过UPLC-QqQ-MS共检测出21种氨基酸组分,氨基酸含量的变化与差异如表4所示。其中,优质组和普通组之间的总氨基酸含量没有显著性差异,分别为5.66、5.52 mg/g。根据游离氨基酸的呈味特征[17],氨基酸按照呈味特点可大致分为鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸和芳香类氨基酸。鲜味类氨基酸对茶汤鲜爽程度有正向作用[26],优质组和普通组鲜味类氨基酸含量存在显著性差异(表4,P<0.05),其含量占比分别占总氨基酸含量的67.73%、63.07%,优质组的鲜味类氨基酸在呈味上更突出。其中茶氨酸的含量与茶叶品质呈正相关,也是评价滋味品质的重要指标[27]。优质组茶氨酸含量(3.17 mg/g)显著高于普通组(2.78 mg/g)(P<0.05),是普通组茶氨酸含量的1.14倍。此外,优质组的苦味类氨基酸含量显著低于普通组(P<0.05)。这些综合结果也进一步解释了优质组滋味更醇爽的原因。
进一步将氨基酸组分进行OPLD-DA,得分图显示(图1a)优质组和普通组分别聚类,经过200次置换验证,排列交叉模型验证的Q2回归直线与Y轴的截距小于0(图1b),表明该模型可信度较高,不存在过度拟合,认为该结果可用于建瓯矮脚乌龙茶氨基酸组分判别分析。OPLS-DA模型中VIP值体现其物质贡献大小,以VIP值>1为筛选指标。如图1c所示,茶氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和半胱酰胺6个氨基酸组分的VIP值大于1,说明这6个氨基酸组分在不同品质矮脚乌龙茶中差异显著且贡献较大。图1d散点图表明茶氨酸和精氨酸是优质组中关键影响物质,而苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和半胱酰胺是普通组的关键物质。
儿茶素组分分为酯型儿茶素和非酯型儿茶素。优质组与普通组儿茶素总含量无显著性差异,含量变化分别为61.48~81.08 mg/g,58.74~75.36 mg/g。由图2a可知矮脚乌龙茶样的酯型儿茶素总含量均高于非酯型儿茶素含量。有研究表明酯型儿茶素虽然是苦涩味主要来源,但能增加茶汤的浓稠度和醇厚感,而非酯型儿茶素则苦涩感较低,具有一定的爽口感[28]。优质组酯型儿茶素含量高于普通组,而非酯型儿茶素含量低于普通组。基于儿茶素组分含量进行聚类分析,结果如图2b所示,优质组和普通组明显被分为两大类,其中Ⅰ和Ⅲ区域中具有强收敛性的酯型儿茶素中EGCG(Epigallocatechin Gallate)、EGCG-CH3(Epigallocatechin-3-methylgallate)、ECG(Epicatechin gallate)、GCG(Gallocatechin gallate)、CG(Catechin gallate)含量优质组显著高于普通组(P<0.05),而Ⅱ区域非酯型儿茶C(Ccatechin)含量普通组显著高于优质组(P<0.05),儿茶素C含量过高,会使茶汤苦涩味加重和掩盖茶汤的醇厚感[29]。优质组儿茶素含量较普通组儿茶素高,儿茶素种类的含量差异是使不同品质矮脚乌龙茶茶汤苦涩味、收敛性强弱产生差异的重要原因[30]。本研究结果与叶江华等[31]研究中武夷山高等级乌龙茶的儿茶素含量较低的结果不一致,可能与矮脚乌龙茶树品种产地、鲜叶采摘的时间、加工条件等因素有关。
为探究建瓯矮脚乌龙茶香气组分特征,利用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用的方法[32],从12个建瓯矮脚乌龙茶样品中检测鉴定到527种已知香气物质,分为11大类,如图3a所示,包括130种酯类、109种萜类、76种杂环化合物、47种醛类、43种醇类、41种酮类、34种烃和芳烃类化合物、14种酚类、14种酸类、12种含硫和含氮化合物、7种其他类物质。由图3b可知,检测出香气物质以酯类(25%)、萜类(21%)、杂环类化合物(14%)为主,其中酯类物质相对含量在建瓯矮脚乌龙茶中最高,达到27%~37%;其次是杂环类化合物相对含量在19%~28%之间,萜类化合物相对含量在15%~19%之间。
为了进一步分析优质矮脚乌龙特征香气物质,本研究对527种香气物质进行OPLS-DA建模,得分图(图4a)将优质组和普通组划分为两组,并且验证模型(图4b)不存在过度拟合。以VIP≥1且P<0.05为筛选条件,共筛选出54种建瓯矮脚乌龙茶主要特征差异香气物质(见表5),其中酯类16种、萜类10种、杂环类8种、醛类6种、烃类5种、醇类3种、酮类3种、酚类2种、含氮化合物1种。这些变化的关键性香气组分主要表现为花香、果香、木香[33]。不同品质矮脚乌龙茶的酯类化合物含量在主要差异香气物质中占据首位(41.50%~42.93%),其次是杂环类化合物达到17.79%~20.75%。由表5结果可知,除醇类、酮类外,酯类、萜类、杂环类等化合物含量优质组均显著高于普通组。优质组酯类成分中丙酸叶醇酯、己酸叶醇酯、顺-3-己烯基丁酸酯、δ-癸内酯等的含量较高,具有清果香、花香等[34]香气特征;萜类中薄荷醇、乙酸香叶酯、β-罗勒烯的含量较高,具有淡淡的木香、柑橘香、花香、果香、青香和甜润的香脂香气[20]。而普通组醇类中2-丁基-2-辛醇、苯甲醇的含量较高,具有轻微的青气和花香香气;酮类中甲基庚烯酮的含量较高,富有果香香气[35]。上述这些主要差异香气物质的存在可能构成了优质矮脚乌龙茶花香馥郁,清幽持久的香气特征。
茶叶中香气的呈现是由各个挥发性成分的气味阈值与浓度所决定的。OAV是通过香气成分含量与气味阈值比值,来综合评价各香气物质在样品中贡献度,但其贡献率则通过ACI值来比较[26]。通常认为1<OAV≤10的香气物质对茶叶香气形成有贡献,OAV>10,则对茶叶香气形成有显著影响。在筛选的特征性香气物质的基础上,分析出OAV>1的有12种挥发性物质(表6)。优质组OAV大于1的有12种,而普通组OAV大于1的有10种。用这12种香气物质含量进行可视化热图聚类分析(图5),A区域中优质组的OAV高于普通组,并划分为3部分,A1包括呈坚果、豆香和可可香型的2,5-二甲基吡嗪和2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪;A2包括呈花香、清甜香、清香香型的水杨酸甲酯、丁酸己酯、乙酸香叶酯、己酸叶醇酯、丁位壬内酯;A3包括呈甜香、清凉感、奶香、具有持久性香气型的γ-己内酯、δ-癸内酯、薄荷醇。这些OAV高的香气物质可能共同组成了优质组花果香馥郁悠长的风味品质特征。而B区域甲基庚烯酮(果香、清香)和9-癸烯酸乙酯(果香、脂肪香)两种物质在普通组含量高,有研究表明这两种香气物质具有果香浓郁的香气特征[35],使得普通组矮脚乌龙茶香气以果香为主。
进一步计算12种香气物质的ACI值,以ACI>10%筛选出6个关键香气物质(表6,图5):水杨酸甲酯(杏仁香、果香、青香)、δ-癸内酯(甜香、奶油香、水果香)、甲基庚烯酮(果香)、乙酸香叶酯(清甜花香)、2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪(坚果香)和9-癸烯酸乙酯(果香、脂肪香)。推测这些香气物质可能是构成不同品质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶的差异特征香气成分。与普通组相比,水杨酸甲酯、δ-癸内酯、乙酸香叶酯和2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪四种香气物质在优质组中较为突出,其中,兼具清香与薄荷香的水杨酸甲酯在优质组中的 OAV 高达55.64。作为茶叶中关键的香气化合物,水杨酸甲酯不仅赋予茶叶高品质的花香基调,还在整体茶香形成过程中发挥重要作用。δ-癸内酯凭借清新的甜香、果香气息,以及浓郁的奶油香气[36],为优质茶增添独特风味;乙酸香叶酯散发着清甜平和的花香[37],丰富香气层次;2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪则带来烘烤香与坚果香气,使茶香更具深度。综上,水杨酸甲酯、δ-癸内酯、乙酸香叶酯和2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪是优质组矮脚乌龙相对于普通组具有更好的花香且香气馥郁幽长的关键特征香气物质。
本研究通过感官审评、主要生化成分、关键呈味物质组分和香气共同探讨了优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶风味品质与化学成分的联系。在感官评审中,优质矮脚乌龙茶各项审评分数均高于普通矮脚乌龙茶。在滋味品质方面,水浸出物、茶多酚、咖啡碱与品质呈现正相关,黄酮、茶红素、茶褐素呈现负相关且具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。优质组矮脚乌龙茶优异的滋味品质推测与茶叶氨基酸中鲜味类氨基酸含量较高密切相关。高含量的鲜味类氨基酸使其茶汤入口清甜,回甘持久。进一步分析发现虽然优质组茶多酚含量较高,但可能通过茶氨酸对苦涩滋味有抑制作用,形成了“浓而不涩”的特点。同时,茶多酚与咖啡碱含量在优质矮脚乌龙茶有正向协同效应,强化了滋味的立体感。在儿茶素组分研究中,较高的酯型儿茶素含量加强茶汤滋味浓厚度。前人研究中氨基酸组分和儿茶素组分在茶汤呈味上有重要协同作用[39]。本研究中茶氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸在优质组中占比更高,其呈味阈值低且能抑制EGCG的苦涩感,这类氨基酸的生成与茶树品种特性及嫩梢原料等级密切相关[42]。
在香气品质方面,通过GC-MS技术从12个茶样中检测到527种挥发性成分,以酯类(25%)、萜类(21%)和杂环化合物(14%)构成香气物质的主要成分,赋予矮脚乌龙茶花香、清果香的香气特征。茶叶的香气特征由香气成分、比例和气味活性值共同决定。进一步结合OPLS-DA筛选出54种VIP≥1的香气物质,并基于OAV>1与ACI>10%分析最终确定水杨酸甲酯、δ-癸内酯、乙酸香叶酯、2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪4种物质是优质组的特征香气成分。水杨酸甲酯具有冬青油香、薄荷香和杏仁香特征,其香气活性值(OAV)最高,表明其对矮脚乌龙茶馥郁清幽的形成起关键作用。研究表明,水杨酸甲酯在乌龙茶中常与美拉德反应产物中如吡嗪类共同作用[43],能增强茶汤的甜润与冷香特征。δ-癸内酯具有甜香与水果香特征,是奶油香和椰子香的关键成分,其香气阈值极低,即使微量存在也能显著提升茶汤的甜润感和果香[44]。乙酸香叶酯则赋予茶汤浓郁的花香(如玫瑰、天竺葵香),其香气强度与酯化反应程度密切相关,在乌龙茶中常与芳樟醇、橙花叔醇等萜烯类物质协同作用,形成复合型花香[40]。2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪为坚果香与烘烤香贡献者,是美拉德反应的典型产物[45],增加了优质矮脚乌龙茶的风味品质。
本研究通过多维度解析揭示了优质建瓯矮脚乌龙茶“浓而不涩”的滋味特征与“馥郁清幽”香气特征形成的化学机制。结果表明,其优异品质源于滋味成分与香气物质的协同增效作用。研究从生化成分、呈味物质及香气物质入手,明确了优质矮脚乌龙茶的核心品质指标,为构建品质评价体系及定向化加工工艺优化提供了科学依据。后续研究中,通过香气重组与缺失实验精准鉴定矮脚乌龙茶的特征挥发性香气成分,并解析其关键香气物质的生物合成途径。在此基础上,通过统一茶青原料品质、优化摇青强度及烘焙温度等工艺参数,实现对香气滋味轮廓的定向调控,从而提升矮脚乌龙茶的风味品质与市场辨识度,深化其品质形成机制研究。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040392
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
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    1福建农林大学园艺学院/茶学福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 350002
    2建瓯市茶业发展中心,福建建瓯 353100
    3福建农业职业技术学院园艺园林学院,福建福州 350303

通讯作者:

林宏政(1986−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:茶叶加工工程与品质,E-mail:。
孙云(1964−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:茶叶加工与品质,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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