Article(id=1320886463504438267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853473782, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853473782, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853473782, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853473782, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=195, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886465198937084, articleId=1320886463504438267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores by Compound Antimicrobial Peptides in Thermal Physical Field, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bacterial spores are common microbes in foods. They are difficult to be inactivated because of their extreme resistances. The synergistic inactivation effects and mechanism of Nisin combined with ε-polylysine treatment on Bacillus subtilis spores in thermal physical field (80, 90 ℃) were studied, and a more effective method for food preservation was provided. The changes of OD600 nm, OD260 nm, OD280 nm values were used for characterizing the inner membrane damage and intracellular components release. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for observing the changes in spore morphology and structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for analyzing the changes in lipids phase of spore inner membrane, the secondary structure of spore proteins, and nucleic acid backbone. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was determined to evaluate spore's metabolic condition. The results are as follows: Under 90 ℃ treatment, 1.59 lg CFU/mL or 1.22 lg CFU/mL Bacillus subtilis spores were inactivated respectively with addition of 0.5 g/L Nisin or 0.25 g/L ε-polylysine, while 4.28 lg CFU/mL spores were inactivated with combined usage of 0.5 g/L Nisin and 0.25 g/L ε-polylysine. After the combined treatment, SEM images indicated that the aggregation of spores significantly intensified. The 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) release raised up to 76.03%, indicating serious inner membrane damage. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the lipids in the spore inner membrane changed from a gel state to a liquid crystal state, nucleic acid backbone was damaged, and the content of secondary structures in proteins changed (P<0.05), the α-helix and β-folding content decreased, while the β-turn and random coil content increased respectively to 43.81% and 35.37%. In addition, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase significantly decreased to lowest value 6.53 μmol/h/mg (P<0.05), and the energy metabolism of spores was severely inhibited. The main mechanism of synergistic spore inactivation by Nisin and ε-polylysine was as follows: Nisin destroyed the inner membrane structure of spores, which resulted in core hydration and release of key components such as DPA. ε-Polylysine penetrated the damaged inner membrane, entered the spore core, destroyed DNA structure, and finally caused spore inactivation.

, authors=Gaili ZHU, Yichang LIU, Peng TIAN, Haojie ZHANG, Zhong ZHANG*, authorsList=Gaili ZHU, Yichang LIU, Peng TIAN, Haojie ZHANG, Zhong ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886469774921747, articleId=1320886463504438267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=热物理场中复合抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的杀灭作用, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

细菌芽孢是食品中常见微生物,因其具有极端抗性而难以彻底被杀灭。本文旨在探究热物理场中(80、90 ℃)尼生素(Nisin)和ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-polylysine,ε-PL)复配使用对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的协同杀灭效果及其机制,为食品防腐保鲜提供更有效的方法。以OD600 nm、OD260 nm、OD280 nm的变化表征芽孢内容物的释放及内膜损伤情况。利用扫描电镜观察芽孢形态结构的变化,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析芽孢内膜脂质相态、蛋白质二级结构及核酸骨架的变化,测定Na+/K+-ATP酶活力以评估代谢状态。结果表明:90 ℃热处理下,添加0.5 g/L Nisin、0.25 g/L ε-PL处理后,分别可杀灭1.59 lg CFU/mL和1.22 lg CFU/mL的芽孢,而0.5 g/L Nisin复配0.25 g/L ε-PL使用后可杀灭4.28 lg CFU/mL的芽孢。经上述复配处理后,扫描电镜显示芽孢聚集现象显著加剧。2,6-吡啶二羧酸(2,6-dipicolinic acid,DPA)泄漏率高达76.03%,表明内膜严重受损。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明:芽孢内膜脂质相态由凝胶态转变为液晶态,核酸骨架被破坏,蛋白质二级结构含量发生显著改变(P<0.05),α-螺旋和β-折叠含量减少,而β-转角及无规卷曲含量分别增加至43.81%和35.37%。此外,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著下降至最低值6.53 μmol/h/mg(P<0.05),芽孢能量代谢受到严重抑制。Nisin和ε-PL协同杀灭芽孢的机制主要在于:Nisin破坏芽孢内膜结构,内膜受损会导致芽孢核心水化,DPA等关键物质泄漏,ε-PL则通过受损的内膜进入芽孢核心,破坏DNA结构,最终导致芽孢死亡。

, authors=朱改丽, 刘燚畅, 田鹏, 张浩杰, 章中*, authorsList=朱改丽, 刘燚畅, 田鹏, 张浩杰, 章中, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=章中, authorNote=

朱改丽(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
章中(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术、果蔬贮藏与加工技术,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MpJiDss6oNcRoMX8opnGyg==, magXml=qx0f2Ynkdo1NSyxsxJmXxg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=cyzmwDA3J3UtyGv8a7/EvQ==, pdfFileSize=7198557, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VZMyK8pNOnYaxdQ9oeX8WA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=uMozJQhefXXqBkGrpQEKzA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320886739770651483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15101862921@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886739833566045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739770651483, language=EN, stringName=Gaili ZHU, firstName=Gaili, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886739896480606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739770651483, language=CN, stringName=朱改丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio={"content":"

朱改丽(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

朱改丽(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886739959395168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740039086946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739959395168, language=EN, stringName=Yichang LIU, firstName=Yichang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740110390115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739959395168, language=CN, stringName=刘燚畅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886740198470501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740269773671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740198470501, language=EN, stringName=Peng TIAN, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=TIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740345271144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740198470501, language=CN, stringName=田鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886740412380010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740483683180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740412380010, language=EN, stringName=Haojie ZHANG, firstName=Haojie, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740550792045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740412380010, language=CN, stringName=张浩杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886740634678127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangzhong99@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740710175601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740634678127, language=EN, stringName=Zhong ZHANG, firstName=Zhong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740764701554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740634678127, language=CN, stringName=章中, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1320886740907307891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=thermal treatment), Keyword(id=1320886740970222452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Nisin), Keyword(id=1320886741028942709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=ε-polylysine), Keyword(id=1320886741091857270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=spore), Keyword(id=1320886741150577527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=sterilization), Keyword(id=1320886741234463608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=热处理), Keyword(id=1320886741305766777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=尼生素), Keyword(id=1320886741377069946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=ε-聚赖氨酸), Keyword(id=1320886741435790203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=芽孢), Keyword(id=1320886741490316156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=杀菌)], refs=[Reference(id=1320886743574885269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHO W, CHUNG M. Bacillus spores: A review of their properties and inactivation processing technologies[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2020, 29(11): 1447−1461., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886743637799830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PALANISAMY N, SEALE B, TURNER A, et al. Low frequency ultrasound inactivation of thermophilic bacilli (Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus) in the presence of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2019, 51: 325−331., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886743709102999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Y L, JU X R. Exploiting the combined effects of high pressure and moderate heat with nisin on inactivation of Clostridium botulinum spores[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2008, 72(1): 20−28., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886743767823256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SETLOW P. Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2006, 101(3): 514−525., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886743843320729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FARAG M A, MESAK M A, SAIED D B, et al. Uncovering the dormant food hazards, a review of foodborne microbial spores' detection and inactivation methods with emphasis on their application in the food industry[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2021, 107: 252−267., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886743918818202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SCHERER K M, SPILLE J, SAHL H, et al. The lantibiotic nisin induces lipid II aggregation, causing membrane instability and vesicle budding[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2015, 108(5): 1114−1124., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886743981732763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KMIHA S, AOUADHI C, AZIZA K, et al. Comparison of synergistic effect of nisin and monolaurin on the inactivation of three heat resistant spores studied by design of experiments in milk[J]. Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 2021(1): 9977646., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744061424540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAYLOR L Y, CANN D D, WELCH B J. Antibotulinal properties of nisin in fresh fish packaged in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Food Protection, 1990, 53(11): 953−957., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744157893533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN Y, LIU L, LI X D, et al. Effect of nisin auxiliary to high-pressure CO2 treatment on the structure and intracellular component leakage from Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food Science of Animal Products, 2023, 1(3): 9240029., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744237585310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡思嘉, 李新福, 熊强. ε-聚赖氨酸作为天然防腐剂在食品中的应用研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2022, 43(6): 452−459. [HU S J, LI X F, XIONG Q. Research progress in the application of ε-Polylysine as a natural preservative in food[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(6): 452−459.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744313082783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU S J, LI X F, XIONG Q. Research progress in the application of ε-Polylysine as a natural preservative in food[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(6): 452−459., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744392774560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y Q, HAN Q, FENG J L, et al. Antibacterial characteristics and mechanisms of ɛ-poly-lysine against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus[J]. Food Control, 2014, 43: 22−27., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744468272033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG H, LI Q Y, YANG L L, et al. The competitive release kinetics and synergistic antibacterial characteristics of tea polyphenols/ε-poly-l-lysine hydrochloride core–shell microcapsules against Shewanella putrefaciens[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2020, 55(12): 3542−3552., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744539575202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU J N, CHANG S L, XU P W, et al. Structural changes and antibacterial activity of epsilon-poly-l-lysine in response to pH and phase transition and their mechanisms[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020, 68(4): 1101−1109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744602489763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BI K, LIU Y, XIN W S, et al. Combined treatment of ε-polylysine and heat damages protective structures and spore inner membranes to inactivate Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food Microbiology, 2023, 109: 104137., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744686375844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈乐. HPTS结合ε-聚赖氨酸对芽孢灭活作用及动力学研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2021. [CHEN L. HPTS combined with ε-polylysine for spore inactivation and kinetic study[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2021.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744753484709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN L. HPTS combined with ε-polylysine for spore inactivation and kinetic study[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2021., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744828982182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BI K, ZHANG Z, SHANG B L, et al. Glucose protects the cell membrane, Na+/K+-ATPase, nucleic acids, and proteins in Bacillus subtilis spores under high pressure thermal sterilization[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2022, 369(1): 1−6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744900285351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毕可. 热力场中化学物质对枯草杆菌芽孢杀灭作用的影响[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2022. [BI K. The effect of chemical substances in a thermal field on the killing of Bacillus subtilis spores[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2022.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886744959005608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BI K. The effect of chemical substances in a thermal field on the killing of Bacillus subtilis spores[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745026114473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李佳佳. 热物理场耦合ε-PLH对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢灭活机制的研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2024. [LI J J. Study on the sporicidal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spores by thermophysical field coupled ε-PL[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2024.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745097417642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J J. Study on the sporicidal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spores by thermophysical field coupled ε-PL[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745168720811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李青桓, 辛伟山, 李佳佳, 等. 高压热杀菌处理时D-果糖对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢灭活的抑制机制[J]. 食品科学技术学报, 2024, 42(4): 145−155. [LI Q H, XIN W S, LI J J, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of D-fructose on inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores during high-pressure thermal sterilization treatment[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 42(4): 145−155.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745223246764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Q H, XIN W S, LI J J, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of D-fructose on inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores during high-pressure thermal sterilization treatment[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 42(4): 145−155., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745294549933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU K W, ZHOU X J, FU M. Inhibiting effects of epsilon-poly-lysine (ε-PL) on Pencillium digitatum and its involved mechanism[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2017, 123: 94−101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745361658798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李佳佳, 杨杰, 章中, 等. PATS结合山梨酸钾对枯草杆菌芽孢的灭活机理[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(22): 287−295. [LI J J, YANG J, ZHANG Z, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by combined treatment of PATS and potassium sorbate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2023, 39(22): 287−295.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745449739183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J J, YANG J, ZHANG Z, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by combined treatment of PATS and potassium sorbate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2023, 39(22): 287−295., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745512653744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J J, YANG J, XIN W S, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by a combination of high-pressure thermal treatment and potassium sorbate[J]. Food Microbiology, 2023, 115: 104345., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745592345521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEI Q H, LI Y, GE X Z, et al. Multipath effects of berberine on peach Brown rot fungus Monilinia fructicola[J]. Crop Protection, 2019, 116: 92−100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745655260082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈乐, 章中, 郭家俊, 等. 热结合Nisin处理对枯草杆菌芽孢的杀灭效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(20): 320−325. [CHEN L, ZHANG Z, GUO J J, et al. Effects of heat combining with Nisin treatment on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(20): 320−325.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745726563251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN L, ZHANG Z, GUO J J, et al. Effects of heat combining with Nisin treatment on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(20): 320−325., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745802060724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁栋, 陈芳, 胡小松. 芽孢萌发研究进展[J]. 中国食品学报, 2018, 18(6): 221−228. [LIANG D, CHEN F, HU X S. Research prowess on the spore germination[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(6): 221−228.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745864975285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG D, CHEN F, HU X S. Research prowess on the spore germination[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(6): 221−228., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886745936278454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VUKOMANOVIĆ M, ŽUNIČ V, KUNEJ Š, et al. Nano-engineering the antimicrobial spectrum of lantibiotics: activity of nisin against gram negative bacteria[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 4324., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746011775927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRINCE A, SANDHU P, ROR P, et al. Lipid-II independent antimicrobial mechanism of nisin depends on its crowding and degree of oligomerization[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1): 37908., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746087273400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=章中, 杨杰, 申瑾, 等. 高压热杀菌结合酸对枯草杆菌芽孢的杀灭作用[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2022, 48(12): 9−15. [ZHANG Z, YANG J, SHEN J, et al. Effects of high-pressure thermal sterilization combining with acid on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(12): 9−15.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746162770873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Z, YANG J, SHEN J, et al. Effects of high-pressure thermal sterilization combining with acid on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(12): 9−15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746225685434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QU M, ZHANG X, ZHU X Q, et al. Inhibitory effects of nisin and ε-polylysine on the microbial cell structure and physiological function of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and applications in bread preservation[J]. Food Bioscience, 2025, 74: 107942., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746284405691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NING H Q, LI Y Q, LIN H, et al. Apoptosis-induction effect of ε-poly-lysine against Staphylococcus aureus and its application on pasteurized milk[J]. LWT, 2021, 137: 110493., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746380874684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J J, YANG J, XIN W S, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by a combination of high-pressure thermal treatment and potassium sorbate[J]. Food Microbiology, 2023, 115: 12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746452177853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHRIST K, WIEDEMANN I, BAKOWSKY U, et al. The role of lipid II in membrane binding of and pore formation by nisin analyzed by two combined biosensor techniques[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2007, 1768(3): 694−704., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746531869630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YE R S, XU H Y, WAN C X, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of ε-poly-L-lysine[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2013, 439(1): 148−153., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746624144319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG J, GONG Y, QIAN P, et al. Combined effects of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure and mild heat on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2016, 68: 59−66., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746699641792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘蔚, 周涛. ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌机理研究[J]. 食品科学, 2009, 30(9): 15−20. [LIU W, ZHOU T. Action mechanism of antimicrobial ε-Poly-L-lysine[J]. Food Science, 2009, 30(9): 15−20.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746775139265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU W, ZHOU T. Action mechanism of antimicrobial ε-Poly-L-lysine[J]. Food Science, 2009, 30(9): 15−20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746846442434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GIRARDEAU A, PASSOT S, MENEGHEL J, et al. Insights into lactic acid bacteria cryoresistance using FTIR microspectroscopy[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 414(3): 1425−1443., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746921939907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU C, IRUDAYARAJ J. Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy[J]. Biopolymers, 2005, 77(6): 368−377., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886746993243076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MODUGNO C, PELTIER C, SIMONIN H, et al. Understanding the effects of high pressure on bacterial spores using synchrotron infrared spectroscopy[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 10: 3122., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747060351941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GEORGET E, KAPOOR S, WINTER R, et al. In situ investigation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spore germination and inactivation mechanisms under moderate high pressure[J]. Food Microbiology, 2014, 41: 8−18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747131655110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H J, ZHANG Z, WU S R, et al. Synergistic effects of nisin, ultrasound, and heat treatments on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. LWT, 2025, 216: 117333., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747215541191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HYLDGAARD M, MYGIND T, VAD B S, et al. The antimicrobial mechanism of action of epsilon-poly-l-lysine[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014, 80(24): 7758−7770., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747278455752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AL-QADIRI H M, AL-ALAMI N I, AL-HOLY M A, et al. Using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to study the effect of chlorine-induced bacterial injury in water[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008, 56(19): 8992−8997., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747345564617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RAO L, LIAO X J, SETLOW P. Bacillus spore wet heat resistance and evidence for the role of an expanded osmoregulatory spore cortex[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2016, 63(4): 247−253., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747421062090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H X, PEI H B, HAN Z N, et al. The antimicrobial effects and synergistic antibacterial mechanism of the combination of ε-Polylysine and nisin against Bacillus subtilis[J]. Food Control, 2015, 47: 444−450., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747496559563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KORKMAZ F, KÖSTER S, YILDIZ Ö, et al. In situ opening/closing of OmpG from E. coli and the splitting of β-sheet signals in ATR-FTIR spectroscopy[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2012, 91: 395−401., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747567862732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GENCCELEP H, SARICAOGLU F T, ANIL M, et al. The effect of starch modification and concentration on steady-state and dynamic rheology of meat emulsions[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2015, 48: 135−148., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747630777293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN Y J, SUN Z C, CHEN W X. Antimicrobial susceptibility and antibacterial mechanism of limonene against listeria monocytogenes[J]. Molecules, 2019, 25(1): 33., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320886747697886158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KATO M, HAYASHI R, TSUDA T, et al. High pressure‐induced changes of biological membrane[J]. European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002, 269(1): 110−118., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886741645505405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Inactivation effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment on Bacillus subtilis spores, figureFileSmall=/resmec03gP2cVinPqMC1w==, figureFileBig=VZMyK8pNOnYaxdQ9oeX8WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886741721002878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图1, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的灭活效果

注:图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图4~图6、图11同。

, figureFileSmall=/resmec03gP2cVinPqMC1w==, figureFileBig=VZMyK8pNOnYaxdQ9oeX8WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886741817471871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment on the OD600 value of Bacillus subtilis spores, figureFileSmall=Om37VbwCj8eqbl5dLkpM3w==, figureFileBig=ywH57mXk2kF+CuXfbRLwOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886741884580736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图2, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢OD600 nm 的影响, figureFileSmall=Om37VbwCj8eqbl5dLkpM3w==, figureFileBig=ywH57mXk2kF+CuXfbRLwOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886741960078209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Phase contrast microscopy images of Bacillus subtilis spores after heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment, figureFileSmall=k1juGoCQhUEcXR50AeukHQ==, figureFileBig=3CDgfnaN9/oUKb1iQf4Dsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742035575682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图3, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的相差显微镜图像

注:a. CK;b. 90 ℃;c. 90 ℃-0.25g/L ε-PL;d. 90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin;e. 90 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL;f. 90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL。

, figureFileSmall=k1juGoCQhUEcXR50AeukHQ==, figureFileBig=3CDgfnaN9/oUKb1iQf4Dsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742115267459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment on the OD260 value of Bacillus subtilis spores, figureFileSmall=0upBksVxCTXXUv/4ABlUHA==, figureFileBig=msToHgTUcwNu1pYkAgoadA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742207542148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图4, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢OD260 nm的影响, figureFileSmall=0upBksVxCTXXUv/4ABlUHA==, figureFileBig=msToHgTUcwNu1pYkAgoadA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742283039621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment on the OD280 nm of Bacillus subtilis spores, figureFileSmall=a5kD/JDkRimJWKOWfujOGw==, figureFileBig=FjFhx6UJM8eLRdwJbvlm7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742366925702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图5, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢OD280 nm的影响, figureFileSmall=a5kD/JDkRimJWKOWfujOGw==, figureFileBig=FjFhx6UJM8eLRdwJbvlm7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742446617479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptide treatment on the DPA leakage rate of Bacillus subtilis spores, figureFileSmall=iuLJDwmx4PsmJa4RDVivog==, figureFileBig=Pv8bGJEupUQ9VyF8mb31bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742522114952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图6, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢DPA泄漏率的影响, figureFileSmall=iuLJDwmx4PsmJa4RDVivog==, figureFileBig=Pv8bGJEupUQ9VyF8mb31bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742593418121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Morphological changes of Bacillus subtilis spores after heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment (1 μm), figureFileSmall=3jBNSm9UsicTTcJ8lEWAEA==, figureFileBig=HfWTRPazTykcot5l9oKXuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742673109898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图7, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢形态变化(1 μm)

注:a. CK;b. 90 ℃;c. 90 ℃-0.25 g/L ε-PL;d. 90 ℃-0.5 g/L Nisin;e. 90 ℃-0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL;f. 90 ℃-0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL。

, figureFileSmall=3jBNSm9UsicTTcJ8lEWAEA==, figureFileBig=HfWTRPazTykcot5l9oKXuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742748607371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=FTIR spectra of Bacillus subtilis spores after heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment (4000~500 cm−1), figureFileSmall=rGdmzweW7qHo8S9c2Bgfww==, figureFileBig=k1Ms618OKaFCOaHUlxvBJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742815716236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图8, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的FTIR光谱图(4000~500 cm−1), figureFileSmall=rGdmzweW7qHo8S9c2Bgfww==, figureFileBig=k1Ms618OKaFCOaHUlxvBJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742899602317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=FTIR spectra of Bacillus subtilis spores after heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment (3000~2800 cm−1), figureFileSmall=aUEi5e24aZVs6kPOBHssig==, figureFileBig=s+mYpzYkfFyF+7mQAT0iKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886742975099790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图9, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的FTIR光谱图(3000~2800 cm−1), figureFileSmall=aUEi5e24aZVs6kPOBHssig==, figureFileBig=s+mYpzYkfFyF+7mQAT0iKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886743067374479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Second-order derivative FTIR spectra of Bacillus subtilis spores after heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment (1300~900 cm−1), figureFileSmall=8NWWwPk/lGwdaii+we0RPg==, figureFileBig=he/9Mq/oa1r8RvfZrMJbvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886743138677648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图10, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的二阶导数FTIR光谱图(1300~900 cm−1), figureFileSmall=8NWWwPk/lGwdaii+we0RPg==, figureFileBig=he/9Mq/oa1r8RvfZrMJbvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886743214175121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment on the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in Bacillus subtilis spores, figureFileSmall=mfoE0XSQD6Haw8fplSuEgg==, figureFileBig=5svfUKKtxmk1/fwuZn7Jbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886743281283986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=图11, caption=热结合复合抗菌肽处理对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响, figureFileSmall=mfoE0XSQD6Haw8fplSuEgg==, figureFileBig=5svfUKKtxmk1/fwuZn7Jbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886743344198547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effects of heat combined with compound antimicrobial peptides treatment on the secondary structure of Bacillus subtilis spore's proteins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组二级结构(%)
α-螺旋β-折叠β-转角无规卷曲
CK26.24±0.02a28.49±0.01a31.05±0.02h15.45±0.01h
90 ℃23.93±0.02b27.12±0.04b32.58±0.04g18.61±0.06g
90 ℃-0.25g/L ε-PL20.64±0.05c25.86±0.06c35.29±0.05f20.61±0.06f
90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin18.49±0.07d22.57±0.04d38.36±0.05e22.24±0.05e
80 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL16.27±0.03e15.12±0.01e41.44±0.01d28.23±0.02d
80 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL14.51±0.02f12.85±0.04f41.72±0.01c33.25±0.02c
90 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL13.34±0.05g10.47±0.02g43.50±0.05b34.15±0.04b
90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL12.48±0.06h10.12±0.02h43.81±0.06a35.37±0.05a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886743419696020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

热结合抗菌肽处理对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢蛋白质二级结构的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理组二级结构(%)
α-螺旋β-折叠β-转角无规卷曲
CK26.24±0.02a28.49±0.01a31.05±0.02h15.45±0.01h
90 ℃23.93±0.02b27.12±0.04b32.58±0.04g18.61±0.06g
90 ℃-0.25g/L ε-PL20.64±0.05c25.86±0.06c35.29±0.05f20.61±0.06f
90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin18.49±0.07d22.57±0.04d38.36±0.05e22.24±0.05e
80 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL16.27±0.03e15.12±0.01e41.44±0.01d28.23±0.02d
80 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL14.51±0.02f12.85±0.04f41.72±0.01c33.25±0.02c
90 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL13.34±0.05g10.47±0.02g43.50±0.05b34.15±0.04b
90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL12.48±0.06h10.12±0.02h43.81±0.06a35.37±0.05a
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1260987317930967064, delFlag=0, nameCn=食品工业科技, nameEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-0306, eissn=null, cn=11-1759/TS, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1778572404609, updatedTime=1788949639446, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Agriculture, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Agriculture, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, picEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304512595617145106, language=CN, name=食品工业科技, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639467, updatedTime=1788949639467, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304512595688448275, language=EN, name=Science and Technology of Food Industry, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949639484, updatedTime=1788949639484, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://spkj.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorB2N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1260987677001138203, websiteList=[Website(id=1260990269093196609, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1778573108218, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573937722, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=食品工业科技, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993882188333840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573969647, updateTime=1778573969647, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881970230029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573969595, updateTime=1778573969595, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882259637011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969664, updateTime=1778573969664, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993881940869900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573969588, updateTime=1778573969588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882284802837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969670, updateTime=1778573969670, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882175750927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1778573969644, updateTime=1778573969644, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882276414228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573969668, updateTime=1778573969668, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882049921806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1778573969614, updateTime=1778573969614, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882196722449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573969649, updateTime=1778573969649, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993882234471186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269093196609, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573969658, updateTime=1778573969658, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1260990269265163062, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1260987677001138203, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1778573108259, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778573934408, updateBy=18614031015, name=食品工业科技-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Science and Technology of Food Industry, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260993842489246463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778573960182, updateTime=1778573960182, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842438914812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778573960170, updateTime=1778573960170, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842510217986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960187, updateTime=1778573960187, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842430526203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic?fileId=m5/V/nQKn3zR0EIDYaiOEA==, createTime=1778573960168, updateTime=1778573960168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842531189508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960192, updateTime=1778573960192, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842476663550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1778573960179, updateTime=1778573960179, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842522800899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778573960190, updateTime=1778573960190, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842447303421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1778573960172, updateTime=1778573960172, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842497635072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778573960184, updateTime=1778573960184, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260993842506023681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260990269265163062, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778573960186, updateTime=1778573960186, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=食品工业科技, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.spgykj.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Science and Technology of Food Industry, journalPhotoCn=pHKBTDK6IiDT2yQZYevC/g==, journalPhotoEn=k9cXIKW0r+dhvmYbf8WDQQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/EN/PDF/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1778774400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
热物理场中复合抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的杀灭作用
收藏切换
PDF下载
朱改丽 , 刘燚畅 , 田鹏 , 张浩杰 , 章中 *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(10): 195-204
收起
收藏切换
食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (10) : 195 -204
热物理场中复合抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的杀灭作用
全屏
[Author(id=1320886739770651483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15101862921@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886739833566045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739770651483, language=EN, stringName=Gaili ZHU, firstName=Gaili, middleName=null, lastName=ZHU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886739896480606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739770651483, language=CN, stringName=朱改丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio={"content":"

朱改丽(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

朱改丽(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886739959395168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740039086946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739959395168, language=EN, stringName=Yichang LIU, firstName=Yichang, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740110390115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886739959395168, language=CN, stringName=刘燚畅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886740198470501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740269773671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740198470501, language=EN, stringName=Peng TIAN, firstName=Peng, middleName=null, lastName=TIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740345271144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740198470501, language=CN, stringName=田鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886740412380010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740483683180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740412380010, language=EN, stringName=Haojie ZHANG, firstName=Haojie, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740550792045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740412380010, language=CN, stringName=张浩杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])]), Author(id=1320886740634678127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangzhong99@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740710175601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740634678127, language=EN, stringName=Zhong ZHANG, firstName=Zhong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886740764701554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, authorId=1320886740634678127, language=CN, stringName=章中, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886739690959703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739699348312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886739707736921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886463504438267, companyId=1320886739690959703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000)])])]
朱改丽 , 刘燚畅, 田鹏, 张浩杰, 章中*
作者信息
  • 宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000
通讯作者:
章中(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术、果蔬贮藏与加工技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

朱改丽(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术,E-mail:

Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores by Compound Antimicrobial Peptides in Thermal Physical Field
Gaili ZHU , Yichang LIU, Peng TIAN, Haojie ZHANG, Zhong ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376
文章导航
收藏切换

细菌芽孢是食品中常见微生物,因其具有极端抗性而难以彻底被杀灭。本文旨在探究热物理场中(80、90 ℃)尼生素(Nisin)和ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-polylysine,ε-PL)复配使用对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的协同杀灭效果及其机制,为食品防腐保鲜提供更有效的方法。以OD600 nm、OD260 nm、OD280 nm的变化表征芽孢内容物的释放及内膜损伤情况。利用扫描电镜观察芽孢形态结构的变化,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析芽孢内膜脂质相态、蛋白质二级结构及核酸骨架的变化,测定Na+/K+-ATP酶活力以评估代谢状态。结果表明:90 ℃热处理下,添加0.5 g/L Nisin、0.25 g/L ε-PL处理后,分别可杀灭1.59 lg CFU/mL和1.22 lg CFU/mL的芽孢,而0.5 g/L Nisin复配0.25 g/L ε-PL使用后可杀灭4.28 lg CFU/mL的芽孢。经上述复配处理后,扫描电镜显示芽孢聚集现象显著加剧。2,6-吡啶二羧酸(2,6-dipicolinic acid,DPA)泄漏率高达76.03%,表明内膜严重受损。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明:芽孢内膜脂质相态由凝胶态转变为液晶态,核酸骨架被破坏,蛋白质二级结构含量发生显著改变(P<0.05),α-螺旋和β-折叠含量减少,而β-转角及无规卷曲含量分别增加至43.81%和35.37%。此外,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著下降至最低值6.53 μmol/h/mg(P<0.05),芽孢能量代谢受到严重抑制。Nisin和ε-PL协同杀灭芽孢的机制主要在于:Nisin破坏芽孢内膜结构,内膜受损会导致芽孢核心水化,DPA等关键物质泄漏,ε-PL则通过受损的内膜进入芽孢核心,破坏DNA结构,最终导致芽孢死亡。

热处理  /  尼生素  /  ε-聚赖氨酸  /  芽孢  /  杀菌

Bacterial spores are common microbes in foods. They are difficult to be inactivated because of their extreme resistances. The synergistic inactivation effects and mechanism of Nisin combined with ε-polylysine treatment on Bacillus subtilis spores in thermal physical field (80, 90 ℃) were studied, and a more effective method for food preservation was provided. The changes of OD600 nm, OD260 nm, OD280 nm values were used for characterizing the inner membrane damage and intracellular components release. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for observing the changes in spore morphology and structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for analyzing the changes in lipids phase of spore inner membrane, the secondary structure of spore proteins, and nucleic acid backbone. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was determined to evaluate spore's metabolic condition. The results are as follows: Under 90 ℃ treatment, 1.59 lg CFU/mL or 1.22 lg CFU/mL Bacillus subtilis spores were inactivated respectively with addition of 0.5 g/L Nisin or 0.25 g/L ε-polylysine, while 4.28 lg CFU/mL spores were inactivated with combined usage of 0.5 g/L Nisin and 0.25 g/L ε-polylysine. After the combined treatment, SEM images indicated that the aggregation of spores significantly intensified. The 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) release raised up to 76.03%, indicating serious inner membrane damage. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the lipids in the spore inner membrane changed from a gel state to a liquid crystal state, nucleic acid backbone was damaged, and the content of secondary structures in proteins changed (P<0.05), the α-helix and β-folding content decreased, while the β-turn and random coil content increased respectively to 43.81% and 35.37%. In addition, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase significantly decreased to lowest value 6.53 μmol/h/mg (P<0.05), and the energy metabolism of spores was severely inhibited. The main mechanism of synergistic spore inactivation by Nisin and ε-polylysine was as follows: Nisin destroyed the inner membrane structure of spores, which resulted in core hydration and release of key components such as DPA. ε-Polylysine penetrated the damaged inner membrane, entered the spore core, destroyed DNA structure, and finally caused spore inactivation.

thermal treatment  /  Nisin  /  ε-polylysine  /  spore  /  sterilization
朱改丽, 刘燚畅, 田鹏, 张浩杰, 章中. 热物理场中复合抗菌肽对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的杀灭作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 195 -204 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376
Gaili ZHU, Yichang LIU, Peng TIAN, Haojie ZHANG, Zhong ZHANG. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores by Compound Antimicrobial Peptides in Thermal Physical Field[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 195 -204 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376
芽孢是细菌的休眠态,普遍存在于水、土壤、空气和变质食物中,对多种物理(热处理、超高压、辐照等)和化学杀菌技术具有极强的抗逆性,成为食品工业中较难杀灭的微生物之一[1]。芽孢的萌发生长会引起食品腐败变质或食源性疾病,例如嗜热杆菌及其芽孢可使乳制品和罐头食品变质,肉毒芽孢杆菌可在食物中生长并产生致命毒素[2−3]。芽孢的抗逆性与其独特的结构密切相关,芽孢一般有七层结构,从内到外依次为核心、内膜、细胞壁、皮层、外膜、芽孢衣、芽孢外壁。芽孢核心含有DNA、RNA、酶及以螯合形式存在的DPA。内膜是一道强大的渗透屏障,在芽孢抵御多种化学物质时发挥着重要作用,特别是抵御能够破坏芽孢DNA的化学物质[4];细胞壁与皮层主要由肽聚糖构成,芽孢衣则是阻碍大分子杀菌物质进入芽孢内部的第一道防线,而芽孢外壁主要由蛋白质构成,同时还含有少量的脂质和碳水化合物[5]。
近年来,食品工业中芽孢灭活技术的研究取得了显著进展。目前使用最广泛的芽孢灭活方法仍是热处理,但长时间高温加热会对食品的营养和感官品质产生严重负面影响。因此,联合其他杀菌措施以降低杀菌温度、减少对食品品质的损伤成为研究热点。尼生素(Nisin)是一种由乳酸乳球菌产生的对热稳定的天然抗菌肽,属于I类成孔细菌素。Nisin具有独特的抗细菌成孔活性,其活性在脂质II存在时会增强[6]。研究表明,Nisin可抑制多种革兰氏阳性菌(G+菌)的生长,包括其芽孢的生长,同时抑制某些毒素的形成[7−8]。PAN等[9]研究发现,仅HPCD(8 MPa,65 ℃)处理120 min后,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的灭活率为79.04%,而添加0.35 g/kg Nisin处理90 min后,芽孢灭活率为97.82%。ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)也是一种天然抗菌剂,由白色链霉菌产生,进入人体后可被分解为赖氨酸,而赖氨酸是人体必需的八种氨基酸之一[10]。据报道,ε-PL对蜡样芽孢杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌等食源性细菌有良好的抑制作用[11−13]。BI等[14]研究发现,90 ℃结合1 g/L ε-PL处理60 min后,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢存活浓度下降了2.18 lg CFU/mL;陈乐[15]研究发现,200 MPa-75 ℃可杀灭1.52 lg CFU/mL枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢,而进一步添加0.3% ε-PL处理后可将枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的杀灭量提高至2.11 lg CFU/mL。
然而,尽管Nisin或ε-PL均能增强热处理对芽孢的杀灭效果,但其增效幅度有限,因此本研究提出以下假设:热物理场中Nisin和ε-PL复合使用将对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢产生协同杀灭作用。为验证该假设,本研究采用平板计数法评估杀菌效果,并通过检测芽孢紫外吸收物质泄漏量、DPA泄漏率、Na+/K+-ATPase活力以及芽孢内膜脂质、蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子结构变化,深入探讨其灭活机理。本研究旨在为食品工业中芽孢的高效灭活提供新的技术思路,降低杀菌温度,减少对食品品质的损伤,同时为天然抗菌剂在食品杀菌中的应用提供理论依据。
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis spore) 编号As 1.433,中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心;营养琼脂 河南九邦生物科技有限公司;硫酸锰(分析纯) 山东诚泰化工有限公司;胰酪胨大豆酵母浸膏琼脂培养基(Trypticase soy yeast extract agar,TSA-YE) 深圳逗点生物技术有限公司;尼生素(Nisin)(纯度900 IU/mg) 河北创之源生物科技有限公司;ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)(纯度95%) 山东西亚化学有限公司;溴化钾(KBr) 光谱纯,西安天茂宝鼎生物科技有限公司;2,6-吡啶二羧酸(DPA) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;实验所用水均为无菌蒸馏水。
LS-100HD型立式高压蒸汽灭菌锅 山东德莱赛工业科技有限公司;DRK-150型生化培养箱 山东德瑞克分析仪器有限公司;LHH-6型电热恒温水浴锅 常州金坛良友仪器有限公司;SH-6600型紫外可见分光光度计 江苏盛奥华环保有限公司;TY-16M型台式高速冷冻离心机 山东天妍仪器有限公司;HD-LG10型真空冷冻干燥机 山东环美分析仪器有限公司;SU8700型扫描电子显微镜 深圳市谱塞斯科技有限公司;RMR-2208L型酶标仪 南京炯创科技有限公司;LJ-FTIR920型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 山东蓝景电子科技有限公司;CX-40 型相差显微镜 宁波舜宇光学科技有限公司。
枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的培养及菌悬液的制备参考BI等[16]的方法并略作修改。在无菌条件下将至少活化三代以上的枯草芽孢杆菌划线接种至含锰盐的营养琼脂培养基斜面(硫酸锰:0.1538 g/L),于37 ℃下恒温培养7 d,使用相差显微镜镜检观察到芽孢形成率≥99%后,用无菌蒸馏水浸透培养基表面并进行洗涤,收集悬浮液至离心管,在4 ℃、9000 r/min离心15 min后弃上清液和含有细胞碎片的沉淀物顶层,收集底部芽孢,重复3次。将纯化的芽孢重悬于无菌蒸馏水中并调节菌悬液浓度约为1.5×109 CFU/mL,于4 ℃下保存,一个月内使用。使用前用无菌水调节菌悬液浓度约至1.5×108 CFU/mL。
样品制备参考毕可[17]的方法并加以修改。将50 mL芽孢悬浮液加入无菌离心管中,在4 ℃、9000 r/min离心15 min后弃去上清液。加入配制好的等体积Nisin溶液(0.5 g/L)、ε-PL溶液(0.25 g/L)或Nisin-ε-PL复合物(0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL或0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL)重悬,使芽孢悬浮液终体积为50 mL。充分振荡使其混合均匀后,将制备好的样品转移至无菌聚乙烯塑封袋中,密封后分别于置于80、90 ℃水浴锅中热处理30 min。处理完毕后立即将样品放入冰水中冷却,并进行各项指标的测定。未经处理的芽孢悬浮液记为CK组,样品组分别为:80 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL、80 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL、90 ℃、90 ℃-0.25g/L ε-PL、90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin、90 ℃-0.25g/L Nisin-0.125g/L ε-PL、90 ℃-0.5g/L Nisin-0.25g/L ε-PL。
将处理前后的枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢悬浮液进行梯度稀释,取1 mL稀释后的样品注入培养皿中,并加入15~20 mL的TSA-YE培养基,待平板冷却凝固后,倒置于37 ℃恒温培养箱培养36~48 h后计数,每组设置三个平行。菌落计数参照GB 4789.2-2022菌落总数测定法进行,结果以对数值表示,并按照以下公式计算芽孢的存活率:
$ \mathrm{存活率}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{N}_{ }}{\mathrm{N}_0} \times 100$
式中:N0为芽孢的初始存活浓度,lg CFU/mL,N为处理后芽孢的存活浓度,lg CFU/mL。
取5 mL处理前后的样品,充分摇匀,于紫外可见分光光度计600 nm处测定吸光值。
将不同处理前后的芽孢悬浮液用无菌磷酸盐缓冲液梯度稀释至适宜浓度(106~107CFU/mL),以保证单个芽孢在视野中分布均匀且不重叠。取10 μL稀释后的样品滴加于洁净载玻片中央,覆盖20 mm×20 mm、厚0.15 mm的盖玻片轻压排除气泡并避免液体溢出。将制备好的样品置于相差显微镜载物台,遵循由低倍(10×)至高倍(40×)再至油镜(100×)的顺序逐级聚焦,以定位芽孢富集且形态清晰的视野。最后在总放大倍数为1000×的油镜视野下选择合适视野并使用HAYEAR成像软件采集图像[18]。
取5 mL处理前后的样品,在4 ℃、9000 r/min离心15 min后收集上清液,用紫外可见分光光度计分别测定260、280 nm处的吸光值。
芽孢内DPA泄漏量的测定参考李青桓等[19]的方法并加以修改。DPA标准曲线的绘制:分别配制10、20、40、60、80、120、160、180、200 μg/mL的DPA标准溶液,并加入1 mL DPA显色剂(100 mL 1 mol/mL乙酸钠溶液,1 g硫酸亚铁铵,1 g抗坏血酸,pH5.5),混合均匀后避光孵育90 min,于440 nm下测定混合液吸光度并绘制标准曲线。标曲回归方程为y=0.0013x+0.0437,相关系数R2=0.997。
对芽孢悬浮液进行121 ℃、30 min热处理后,以其DPA的泄漏量为阳性对照。将各处理前后的芽孢悬浮液于4 ℃、9000 r/min离心15 min后取上清液。将4 mL上清液与1 mL DPA显色剂振荡混匀后,暗处孵育90 min,于440 nm下测定吸光度,按照标准曲线计算DPA泄漏量。DPA的泄漏率计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{DPA泄漏率}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{F}_{\text{b}}-\text{F}_{\text{a}}}{\text{F}_{\text{0}}-\text{F}_{\text{a}}}\times\mathrm{100} $
式中,Fa:未处理芽孢样品上清液中DPA含量,Fb:处理后芽孢DPA的泄漏量,F0:121 ℃处理30 min后芽孢DPA的泄漏量。
扫描电镜制样方法参考LIU等[20]的方法并加以修改。将不同处理前后的芽孢悬浮液于4 ℃、9000 r/min离心15 min后弃上清液。用生理盐水洗涤2次,在2.5%戊二醛中固定4 h后用0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.0)洗涤3次。随后用乙醇30%、50%、70%、90%、100%连续脱水20 min,收集菌泥真空冷冻干燥8 h后使用扫描电子显微镜观察芽孢形态。取少量冻干菌粉,用牙签将其均匀分散于导电胶表面[21]。将黏附菌体的导电胶固定于扫描电子显微镜载物台,置于离子溅射仪中进行喷金处理(电流5 mA,时间60 s)。镀金完成后,立即将样品转移至扫描电镜腔室,在加速电压10 kV、工作距离约8.5 mm的条件下,利用二次电子探测器(SE2)于10000×放大倍数下逐步聚焦,并调节亮度与对比度。通过多次调整视野选取代表性区域,最终采集并保存高分辨率图像。
傅里叶变换红外光谱可用于分析处理前后芽孢内膜蛋白质结构及脂质相态的变化。将不同处理前后的芽孢样品真空冷冻干燥8 h,并将溴化钾(光谱级)烘干后密封保存。取1 mg的冻干菌粉和200 mg的KBr于玛瑙研钵中研磨成粉末,使用压片机压制成薄片[22]。选择纯KBr作为背景,在4000~500 cm−1的范围内进行扫描,以4 cm−1的分辨率扫描64次,并使用OMNIC、Peak fit、Origin 2025软件对光谱数据进行采集和分析。
Na+/K+-ATPase活性的测定参考PEI等[23]的方法并加以修改,取处理前后芽孢悬浮液10 mL,在4 ℃、9000 r/min离心15 min后弃上清液,按照 Na+/K+-ATP酶活力检测试剂盒中的说明书依次添加不同试剂,反应结束后使用酶标仪采集660 nm下吸光值,以µmol/h/mL表示ATP酶活力。
所有实验至少重复3次,使用IBM SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行方差分析(ANOVA),并运用Duncan法进行多重比较和显著性检验(P<0.05),用Origin 2025软件进行作图,图中不同小写字母表示差异显著。
图1为热处理结合Nisin、ε-PL及其复合物对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的灭活效果,芽孢的初始存活浓度约为8.26 lg CFU/mL。单独使用Nisin或ε-PL处理均不能杀灭芽孢;经90 ℃处理30 min后,芽孢存活浓度仅下降了0.42 lg CFU/mL,存活率为38.02%;相同温度条件下添加0.5 g/L Nisin或0.25 g/L ε-PL处理后,则分别可以杀灭1.59 lg CFU/mL、1.22 lg CFU/mL芽孢,对应存活率分别为2.57%、6.03%。然而,当二者以复合物形式共同作用时,杀灭效果随温度及浓度升高而显著增强(P<0.05):添加0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,80、90 ℃条件下分别可杀灭2.03 lg CFU/mL、3.65 lg CFU/mL,存活率分别下降至0.93%、0.022%;增大浓度至0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL后,80 ℃、90 ℃分别杀灭3.27 lg CFU/mL、4.28 lg CFU/mL,存活率进一步降至0.054%、0.005%。与热结合单一抗菌肽处理相比,添加Nisin-ε-PL复合物处理后可显著(P<0.05)降低芽孢的存活浓度,且杀灭效果与温度及复合物浓度呈正相关,并有利于降低芽孢的杀灭温度。上述研究结果验证了前言中所提出的假设:热物理场中Nisin和ε-PL复合使用将对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢产生协同杀灭作用。该结论与陈乐等[24]报道一致,其研究表明仅80 ℃或Nisin单独处理均不能有效杀灭芽孢,而80 ℃结合500 mg/L Nisin处理20 min可使芽孢存活浓度下降约1.4 lg CFU/mL。为深入探究Nisin-ε-PL复合物对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的协同杀菌机制,本研究进一步测定了芽孢悬浮液OD600 nm及紫外吸收物质泄漏量,并结合扫描电子显微镜观察分析芽孢形态结构变化,从而揭示芽孢的杀灭机制。
Nisin、ε-PL均可作用于芽孢内膜,使内膜通透性发生改变,导致芽孢核心水化。芽孢悬浮液在600 nm处的吸光度(OD600 nm)反映了芽孢核心水化程度,可表征内膜对水分子的通透性变化,芽孢核心水化程度与其杀菌抗性呈负相关[25]。图2为不同温度结合Nisin、ε-PL及其复合物处理前后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢悬浮液OD600 nm的变化情况。
90 ℃分别结合Nisin、ε-PL处理后,芽孢悬浮液OD600 nm分别下降至0.40和0.43;80 ℃结合0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL、0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合物处理30 min后,OD600 nm分别下降至0.358和0.274;90 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后OD600 nm降到最低值0.222。Nisin能够与芽孢的内膜相互作用,嵌入内膜并形成跨膜孔道,从而破坏内膜的完整性,ε-PL则进一步加剧这种破坏,使得水分子更易于进入芽孢的核心区域,导致核心水化[26−27]。随着核心水化程度的增加,芽孢对杀菌处理的抗性逐渐降低,最终引发芽孢的死亡。实验表明芽孢核心水化的变化情况与杀菌效果是一致的。为了更直观地检测芽孢核心水化的情况,采用了相差显微镜对各处理前后的芽孢样品进行了观察,结果如图3所示。
图3为热结合复合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的相差显微镜图像。在相差显微镜下,核心未水化的芽孢对光的折射性能较强而呈现为亮点,核心水化的芽孢折射性能降低而呈现为暗点[22]。如图3a所示,未处理组芽孢均呈现为亮点,90 ℃热处理后,少部分芽孢转变为暗点(图3b)。90 ℃分别结合ε-PL、Nisin处理后,更多的芽孢转变为暗点(图3c、图3d)。随着Nisin-ε-PL复合物的添加,几乎所有的芽孢都转变为暗点(图3e、图3f),这表明抗菌肽复合物的添加有利于破坏芽孢内膜结构,使芽孢核心水化程度增加,提高芽孢杀灭效果。为了更深入地探究芽孢内膜的受损情况,本研究进一步针对芽孢紫外吸收物质的泄漏量进行检测分析。
紫外吸收物质泄漏量可反映芽孢内膜对生物大分子的通透性变化情况,核酸和蛋白质的紫外吸收峰分别位于260 nm和280 nm[28]。图4和图5分别为热结合Nisin、ε-PL及其复合物处理前后芽孢样品OD260 nm和OD280 nm的变化情况。
未处理的枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢样品的OD260 nm为0.055。经90 ℃加热30 min后,OD260 nm增加了0.085;80 ℃结合0.25g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL或0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,OD260 nm分别增加了0.25、0.29;90 ℃结合0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,OD260 nm增加了0.425,而结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,OD260 nm达到最大值0.53。表明Nisin-ε-PL复合物可显著增加芽孢内核酸的泄漏量(P<0.05),且与Nisin-ε-PL复合物浓度及温度相关。
图5为热结合Nisin、ε-PL及其复合物处理后对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢样品蛋白质泄漏量的影响,未处理的枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢OD280 nm为0.051。与90 ℃结合ε-PL处理相比,90 ℃结合Nisin处理后OD280 nm更大,表明Nisin对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢蛋白泄漏作用更显著。90 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL或0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,芽孢悬浮液OD280 nm分别增加了0.442和0.384,这表明热结合Nisin-ε-PL复合物处理对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的蛋白泄漏具有协同作用。随着温度和Nisin-ε-PL复合物浓度的提高,蛋白质泄漏量不断增大,并且蛋白质泄漏量的变化趋势与杀菌效果及核心水化的变化趋势是一致的。Nisin和ε-PL均可作用于芽孢内膜。其中,Nisin能够渗透膜结构,破坏膜的完整性,诱导胞内物质泄漏;ε-PL则通过与带负电的细胞壁及细胞膜组分发生静电相互作用,诱导膜去极化,导致细胞膜损伤及胞内物质泄露[29−30]。两者复合作用时,对芽孢内膜的破坏更为严重,进一步加剧芽孢内核酸与蛋白质的泄漏,从而加速芽孢死亡。上述结果表明,Nisin与ε-PL均能损伤芽孢结构的完整性,其复合处理具有协同作用。
DPA是芽孢内特有的物质,可与金属离子螯合形成稳定的Ca2+-DPA络合物,维持芽孢核心的低水分含量,而芽孢内膜损伤会导致DPA泄漏,进而引起芽孢核心水化,降低芽孢的杀灭抗性[21]。
未经处理的枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢结构完整,无DPA泄漏。单独90 ℃热处理30 min后芽孢DPA泄漏量较少,然而,当添加Nisin、ε-PL处理后可导致大量DPA泄漏,且随着抗菌肽浓度的增加DPA泄漏量显著增加(P<0.05)。如图6所示,90 ℃处理后DPA泄漏率仅为10.6%,添加0.5 g/L Nisin或0.25 g/L ε-PL处理后,DPA泄漏率分别增加至54.88%、43.17%;90 ℃结合0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL或0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL处理30 min后,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的DPA泄漏率分别增加至71.5%和76.03%,这一结果与紫外吸收物质泄漏趋势相吻合,表明内膜屏障的完整性已遭受不可逆破坏。DPA位于芽孢的核心区域,其泄漏进一步证实了热物理场下Nisin和ε-PL能够破坏芽孢内膜的结构,导致芽孢内部关键物质被释放,核心水化程度加剧最终促使芽孢死亡[31]。为进一步检测芽孢结构的损伤情况,使用扫描电镜对芽孢形态进行了观察和分析。
芽孢的形态结构变化可反映热结合抗菌肽处理下芽孢的受损情况,扫描电镜能够直观地呈现处理前后芽孢形态结构的变化。图7为不同处理条件下枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的扫描电镜结果。
从上述图扫描电镜结果可见,未处理的枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢表面光滑,形态结构完整,整体呈椭圆状。经90 ℃热处理后,芽孢表面开始出现褶皱、凹陷等形态变化。经90 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin或0.25 g/L ε-PL处理后,芽孢表面凹陷更严重,少量芽孢出现破损,而90 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,芽孢凹陷数量最多,破损程度最深,芽孢衣、细胞壁等结构遭到破坏,并伴有明显的聚集和粘连现象,这表明添加Nisin-ε-PL复合物能有效提高热处理对芽孢形态结构的破坏。据报道,Nisin通过其N端的两个硫氨酸环与脂质II结合,从而中断肽聚糖的合成过程,抑制细胞壁形成,同时破坏细胞膜的结构[32]。而ε-PL的作用靶点亦为内膜,进一步加剧了内膜的通透性变化[33]。此外,已有研究表明,热处理可以改变芽孢衣蛋白质网络的结构,破坏其屏障功能,从而使Nisin和ε-PL能够穿透受损芽孢衣,作用于芽孢的内部结构和物质,最终使芽孢失活[34]。刘蔚等[35]的研究也报道了ε-PL可使枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢细胞壁受损,进而破坏芽孢结构的完整性。综上所述,热处理联合Nisin和ε-PL复合物能有效破坏枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的完整结构,且破损程度与抗菌肽复合物浓度相关。
芽孢内膜损伤机制可能与内膜脂质分子的结构改变有关。为进一步从分子水平研究热结合复合抗菌肽处理对芽孢内膜的破坏作用,并分析其对芽孢关键生物大分子的影响,采用了傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对芽孢样品进行了检测分析。FTIR光谱技术能够有效检测处理前后芽孢内生物大分子的结构变化,特别是内膜脂质、核酸及蛋白质等关键物质的结构改变[36]。通过分析特征化学基团对应的特征吸收峰位置及峰强度的变化,可揭示热结合复合抗菌肽处理对芽孢关键物质的影响。
图8显示了经热联合抗菌肽(Nisin-ε-PL复合物)处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)原谱图。由图8可见,经过不同处理后芽孢样品的FTIR光谱图峰形、峰强度及峰位置发生变化,以下选取了3000~2800 cm−1、1700~1600 cm−1、1300~900 cm−1三个特征波段进行分析,分别用于研究热结合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢内膜脂质、蛋白质及核酸的变化情况。
图9为不同处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢在3000~2800 cm−1范围内FTIR光谱图,表征了芽孢内膜脂质的变化。2872和2962 cm−1处的吸收峰分别对应酰基链-CH3的对称和反对称伸缩振动,而2854和2927 cm−1处的吸收峰则分别表示-CH2的对称和反对称伸缩振动[37]。-CH3和-CH2基团振动的变化通常与生物膜中脂质分子的堆积变化有关,而-CH2基团振动峰向更高波数位移与膜流动性的增加有关[38]。由图9可知,与未处理的枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢相比,经过热处理后,芽孢在2927、2872 cm−1处的吸收峰发生轻微位移,而添加Nisin、ε-PL处理后,吸收峰增强,位移更明显。其中,90 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin 处理后,芽孢在2854 cm−1处的吸收峰蓝移4 cm−1。添加Nisin-ε-PL复合物处理后,随着温度的升高,吸收峰峰强明显增大。80 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合物处理30 min后,芽孢在2927、2872 cm−1处的吸收峰分别蓝移5、4 cm−1,而温度升高至90 ℃后,2927、2872 cm−1处的吸收峰分别蓝移7、5 cm−1,且所有吸收峰的强度均有所增强,表明抗菌肽复合物的添加使枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢内膜进一步受到损伤,内膜磷脂分子结构被破坏,导致次甲基链发生了更密集的堆积,官能团分子间氢键作用减弱,脂肪酰基链构象发生紊乱,膜磷脂相态由凝胶态转变为液晶态[39]。吸收峰强度的变化是由于化学键振动过程中偶极矩的变化,而偶极矩变化的增大则导致分子结构更加不稳定[40]。Nisin通过与细胞壁的中间体物质-脂质Ⅱ结合形成大分子后,破坏内膜结构;ε-PL则通过静电作用与内膜磷脂基团结合,插入磷脂双层后破坏疏水尾链的有序排列,进而改变脂质相态,增加内膜流动性及通透性,最终实现杀菌目的[41]。
图10为热结合Nisin、ε-PL及其复合物处理后在1300~900 cm−1波段枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的红外光谱图,主要表征了芽孢核酸主链和肽聚糖层结构的变化。其中,1232 cm−1处的吸收峰为磷酸二酯键中P=O的伸缩振动,而1072 cm−1处的吸收峰为肽聚糖C-O-C对称伸缩振动,这些峰的变化反映了核酸骨架和肽聚糖层的结构改变[42]。为深入分析核酸和肽聚糖的结构变化,对1300~900 cm−1波段的FTIR光谱数据进行了二阶导数处理。
经过热结合抗菌肽处理后,在1300~900 cm−1波段的FTIR光谱的吸收峰强度和位置发生明显变化。与未处理组相比,仅90 ℃处理后,1232和1072 cm−1处吸收峰位置和强度均未出现明显变化,添加Nisin或ε-PL处理后,在1232和1072 cm−1处的吸收峰强度增大,发生轻微位移;80 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合抗菌肽处理后,在1232和1072 cm−1处的吸收峰分别蓝移4、5 cm−1,温度升高至90 ℃后,分别蓝移5、6 cm−1,表明热结合复合抗菌肽处理加剧了芽孢内核酸的变性,核酸骨架被破坏,肽聚糖层结构的稳定性也降低。芽孢皮层和细胞壁主要由肽聚糖构成,肽聚糖结构的稳定性对芽孢的耐热性起着关键作用[43],当肽聚糖结构的稳定性受到破坏时,芽孢对杀菌处理的抗性会显著降低,从而使芽孢更容易被杀灭。Nisin可导致芽孢内膜损伤,促进ε-PL进入芽孢核心,破坏DNA结构,进一步导致DNA吸收峰强度和位置发生改变[44]。BI等[14]研究发现,热联合ε-PL处理下枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢内膜也可被破坏,ε-PL进入芽孢核心导致DNA变性,这与本文研究结果是一致的。
傅里叶红外光谱在1700~1600 cm−1波段的吸收峰主要表征蛋白质酰胺I带的变化,通过对酰胺I带进行曲线拟合分析可以得到蛋白质二级结构含量的变化[45]。
蛋白质结构的稳定性决定了其生理功能,表1为热结合抗菌肽处理后枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢蛋白质二级结构含量的变化。由表可知,经过不同条件处理后,枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢蛋白质二级结构发生显著变化(P<0.05),且二级结构含量的变化与复合物浓度增加或温度升高的趋势一致,具体表现为α-螺旋、β-折叠含量减少,而β-转角及无规则卷曲含量增多。如与未处理组相比,经过90 ℃热处理之后,α-螺旋、β-折叠含量下降至23.93%、27.12%,β-转角和无规卷曲含量分别增加至32.58%、18.61%。分别添加Nisin或ε-PL处理后,β-转角含量分别进一步增加至38.36%、35.29%,无规卷曲含量分别进一步增加至22.24%、20.61%。80 ℃结合0.25g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL复合物处理后,β-转角及无规则卷曲的含量分别增加至41.44%、28.23%,而升高温度至90 ℃后,二者含量进一步增加至43.50%、34.15%,表明热结合复合抗菌肽处理导致蛋白质二级结构伸展,从有序态向无序态转变,蛋白质的稳定性降低,进而影响其功能[46]。芽孢衣的主要成分为蛋白质,当其二级结构向无序态转变时,芽孢衣蛋白质网络结构会变得松散,其通透屏障功能受损,导致Nisin和ε-PL能穿过受损芽孢衣而进入核心区域,作用于芽孢内部的靶标[40]。
前文的实验结果已表明热结合复合抗菌肽会破坏芽孢内膜,Na+/K+-ATP酶作为一种关键的细胞膜酶,其活性可能也会受到内膜损伤的影响,该酶主要负责钠离子和钾离子的跨膜转运,并在维持细胞膜的生理功能上起着至关重要的作用[47]。
如图11所示,未经处理芽孢的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力为14.18 μmol/h/mg。随着处理温度和抗菌肽浓度的升高,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著(P<0.05)下降,这可能是与内膜受损有关[17]。90 ℃结合Nisin或ε-PL处理30 min后,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力分别下降了2.3、1.75 μmol/h/mg。80 ℃结合0.25 g/L Nisin-0.125 g/L ε-PL或0.5 g/LNisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合抗菌肽处理后,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力分别下降了3.93、5.58 μmol/h/mg;90 ℃结合0.5 g/L Nisin-0.25 g/L ε-PL复合抗菌肽处理后,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力降到最低值6.53 μmol/h/mg,表明复合抗菌肽进一步破坏了内膜上的Na+/K+-ATP酶活力,ATP无法合成,进而导致芽孢能量代谢受阻,这与前述实验中复合抗菌肽能协同破坏芽孢内膜的结果一致。毕可[17]研究发现:热结合ε-PL处理枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢后,芽孢内膜上Na+/K+-ATP酶活力显著下降。KATO等[48]报道,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的快速下降会导致细胞膜内外H+梯度的差异,进而改变细胞膜的通透性。以上报道与本实验研究结果一致。由此可见,热结合Nisin和ε-PL复合物对芽孢产生的破坏作用是多方面的,除了对芽孢结构的损伤,也包括对芽孢能量代谢的破坏。
在热物理场中,Nisin和ε-PL能穿过受损芽孢衣并对芽孢产生显著的协同杀灭效果(P<0.05),且其对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢的杀菌作用是多方面的,既破坏了芽孢的结构,又损伤了芽孢的关键物质。热结合复合抗菌肽处理后,在结构方面,芽孢发生塌陷和破裂,芽孢衣蛋白质网络的屏障功能受损,内膜严重破损导致其通透性大幅度增加,芽孢核心高度水化;而在关键物质方面,芽孢蛋白质二级结构向无序态转变,膜磷脂出现相态变化且其酰基链发生紊乱,DNA发生变性,Na+/K+-ATP酶活力降低。本研究探讨了热结合复合抗菌肽处理对细菌芽孢的杀菌机理,为食品工业提供了更为有效的杀菌新技术。未来研究可进一步验证该技术在各种食品体系中的应用效果。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
CHO W, CHUNG M. Bacillus spores: A review of their properties and inactivation processing technologies[J]. Food Science and Biotechnology, 2020, 29(11): 1447−1461.
2
PALANISAMY N, SEALE B, TURNER A, et al. Low frequency ultrasound inactivation of thermophilic bacilli (Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus) in the presence of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2019, 51: 325−331.
3
GAO Y L, JU X R. Exploiting the combined effects of high pressure and moderate heat with nisin on inactivation of Clostridium botulinum spores[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2008, 72(1): 20−28.
4
SETLOW P. Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2006, 101(3): 514−525.
5
FARAG M A, MESAK M A, SAIED D B, et al. Uncovering the dormant food hazards, a review of foodborne microbial spores' detection and inactivation methods with emphasis on their application in the food industry[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2021, 107: 252−267.
6
SCHERER K M, SPILLE J, SAHL H, et al. The lantibiotic nisin induces lipid II aggregation, causing membrane instability and vesicle budding[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2015, 108(5): 1114−1124.
7
KMIHA S, AOUADHI C, AZIZA K, et al. Comparison of synergistic effect of nisin and monolaurin on the inactivation of three heat resistant spores studied by design of experiments in milk[J]. Journal of Food Quality, 2021, 2021(1): 9977646.
8
TAYLOR L Y, CANN D D, WELCH B J. Antibotulinal properties of nisin in fresh fish packaged in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide[J]. Journal of Food Protection, 1990, 53(11): 953−957.
9
PAN Y, LIU L, LI X D, et al. Effect of nisin auxiliary to high-pressure CO2 treatment on the structure and intracellular component leakage from Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food Science of Animal Products, 2023, 1(3): 9240029.
10
胡思嘉, 李新福, 熊强. ε-聚赖氨酸作为天然防腐剂在食品中的应用研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2022, 43(6): 452−459. [HU S J, LI X F, XIONG Q. Research progress in the application of ε-Polylysine as a natural preservative in food[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(6): 452−459.]
HU S J, LI X F, XIONG Q. Research progress in the application of ε-Polylysine as a natural preservative in food[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2022, 43(6): 452−459.
11
LI Y Q, HAN Q, FENG J L, et al. Antibacterial characteristics and mechanisms of ɛ-poly-lysine against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus[J]. Food Control, 2014, 43: 22−27.
12
YANG H, LI Q Y, YANG L L, et al. The competitive release kinetics and synergistic antibacterial characteristics of tea polyphenols/ε-poly-l-lysine hydrochloride core–shell microcapsules against Shewanella putrefaciens[J]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2020, 55(12): 3542−3552.
13
LIU J N, CHANG S L, XU P W, et al. Structural changes and antibacterial activity of epsilon-poly-l-lysine in response to pH and phase transition and their mechanisms[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2020, 68(4): 1101−1109.
14
BI K, LIU Y, XIN W S, et al. Combined treatment of ε-polylysine and heat damages protective structures and spore inner membranes to inactivate Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food Microbiology, 2023, 109: 104137.
15
陈乐. HPTS结合ε-聚赖氨酸对芽孢灭活作用及动力学研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2021. [CHEN L. HPTS combined with ε-polylysine for spore inactivation and kinetic study[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2021.]
CHEN L. HPTS combined with ε-polylysine for spore inactivation and kinetic study[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2021.
16
BI K, ZHANG Z, SHANG B L, et al. Glucose protects the cell membrane, Na+/K+-ATPase, nucleic acids, and proteins in Bacillus subtilis spores under high pressure thermal sterilization[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2022, 369(1): 1−6.
17
毕可. 热力场中化学物质对枯草杆菌芽孢杀灭作用的影响[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2022. [BI K. The effect of chemical substances in a thermal field on the killing of Bacillus subtilis spores[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2022.]
BI K. The effect of chemical substances in a thermal field on the killing of Bacillus subtilis spores[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2022.
18
李佳佳. 热物理场耦合ε-PLH对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢灭活机制的研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2024. [LI J J. Study on the sporicidal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spores by thermophysical field coupled ε-PL[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2024.]
LI J J. Study on the sporicidal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis spores by thermophysical field coupled ε-PL[D]. Yinchuan: Ningxia University, 2024.
19
李青桓, 辛伟山, 李佳佳, 等. 高压热杀菌处理时D-果糖对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢灭活的抑制机制[J]. 食品科学技术学报, 2024, 42(4): 145−155. [LI Q H, XIN W S, LI J J, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of D-fructose on inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores during high-pressure thermal sterilization treatment[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 42(4): 145−155.]
LI Q H, XIN W S, LI J J, et al. Inhibitory mechanism of D-fructose on inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores during high-pressure thermal sterilization treatment[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 42(4): 145−155.
20
LIU K W, ZHOU X J, FU M. Inhibiting effects of epsilon-poly-lysine (ε-PL) on Pencillium digitatum and its involved mechanism[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2017, 123: 94−101.
21
李佳佳, 杨杰, 章中, 等. PATS结合山梨酸钾对枯草杆菌芽孢的灭活机理[J]. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(22): 287−295. [LI J J, YANG J, ZHANG Z, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by combined treatment of PATS and potassium sorbate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2023, 39(22): 287−295.]
LI J J, YANG J, ZHANG Z, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by combined treatment of PATS and potassium sorbate[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2023, 39(22): 287−295.
22
LI J J, YANG J, XIN W S, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by a combination of high-pressure thermal treatment and potassium sorbate[J]. Food Microbiology, 2023, 115: 104345.
23
PEI Q H, LI Y, GE X Z, et al. Multipath effects of berberine on peach Brown rot fungus Monilinia fructicola[J]. Crop Protection, 2019, 116: 92−100.
24
陈乐, 章中, 郭家俊, 等. 热结合Nisin处理对枯草杆菌芽孢的杀灭效果[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(20): 320−325. [CHEN L, ZHANG Z, GUO J J, et al. Effects of heat combining with Nisin treatment on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(20): 320−325.]
CHEN L, ZHANG Z, GUO J J, et al. Effects of heat combining with Nisin treatment on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(20): 320−325.
25
梁栋, 陈芳, 胡小松. 芽孢萌发研究进展[J]. 中国食品学报, 2018, 18(6): 221−228. [LIANG D, CHEN F, HU X S. Research prowess on the spore germination[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(6): 221−228.]
LIANG D, CHEN F, HU X S. Research prowess on the spore germination[J]. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2018, 18(6): 221−228.
26
VUKOMANOVIĆ M, ŽUNIČ V, KUNEJ Š, et al. Nano-engineering the antimicrobial spectrum of lantibiotics: activity of nisin against gram negative bacteria[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 4324.
27
PRINCE A, SANDHU P, ROR P, et al. Lipid-II independent antimicrobial mechanism of nisin depends on its crowding and degree of oligomerization[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1): 37908.
28
章中, 杨杰, 申瑾, 等. 高压热杀菌结合酸对枯草杆菌芽孢的杀灭作用[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2022, 48(12): 9−15. [ZHANG Z, YANG J, SHEN J, et al. Effects of high-pressure thermal sterilization combining with acid on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(12): 9−15.]
ZHANG Z, YANG J, SHEN J, et al. Effects of high-pressure thermal sterilization combining with acid on the sterilization of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(12): 9−15.
29
QU M, ZHANG X, ZHU X Q, et al. Inhibitory effects of nisin and ε-polylysine on the microbial cell structure and physiological function of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and applications in bread preservation[J]. Food Bioscience, 2025, 74: 107942.
30
NING H Q, LI Y Q, LIN H, et al. Apoptosis-induction effect of ε-poly-lysine against Staphylococcus aureus and its application on pasteurized milk[J]. LWT, 2021, 137: 110493.
31
LI J J, YANG J, XIN W S, et al. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by a combination of high-pressure thermal treatment and potassium sorbate[J]. Food Microbiology, 2023, 115: 12.
32
CHRIST K, WIEDEMANN I, BAKOWSKY U, et al. The role of lipid II in membrane binding of and pore formation by nisin analyzed by two combined biosensor techniques[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2007, 1768(3): 694−704.
33
YE R S, XU H Y, WAN C X, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of ε-poly-L-lysine[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2013, 439(1): 148−153.
34
MENG J, GONG Y, QIAN P, et al. Combined effects of ultra-high hydrostatic pressure and mild heat on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis[J]. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 2016, 68: 59−66.
35
刘蔚, 周涛. ε-聚赖氨酸抑菌机理研究[J]. 食品科学, 2009, 30(9): 15−20. [LIU W, ZHOU T. Action mechanism of antimicrobial ε-Poly-L-lysine[J]. Food Science, 2009, 30(9): 15−20.]
LIU W, ZHOU T. Action mechanism of antimicrobial ε-Poly-L-lysine[J]. Food Science, 2009, 30(9): 15−20.
36
GIRARDEAU A, PASSOT S, MENEGHEL J, et al. Insights into lactic acid bacteria cryoresistance using FTIR microspectroscopy[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 414(3): 1425−1443.
37
YU C, IRUDAYARAJ J. Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy[J]. Biopolymers, 2005, 77(6): 368−377.
38
MODUGNO C, PELTIER C, SIMONIN H, et al. Understanding the effects of high pressure on bacterial spores using synchrotron infrared spectroscopy[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 10: 3122.
39
GEORGET E, KAPOOR S, WINTER R, et al. In situ investigation of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spore germination and inactivation mechanisms under moderate high pressure[J]. Food Microbiology, 2014, 41: 8−18.
40
ZHANG H J, ZHANG Z, WU S R, et al. Synergistic effects of nisin, ultrasound, and heat treatments on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores[J]. LWT, 2025, 216: 117333.
41
HYLDGAARD M, MYGIND T, VAD B S, et al. The antimicrobial mechanism of action of epsilon-poly-l-lysine[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014, 80(24): 7758−7770.
42
AL-QADIRI H M, AL-ALAMI N I, AL-HOLY M A, et al. Using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorbance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to study the effect of chlorine-induced bacterial injury in water[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008, 56(19): 8992−8997.
43
RAO L, LIAO X J, SETLOW P. Bacillus spore wet heat resistance and evidence for the role of an expanded osmoregulatory spore cortex[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2016, 63(4): 247−253.
44
LIU H X, PEI H B, HAN Z N, et al. The antimicrobial effects and synergistic antibacterial mechanism of the combination of ε-Polylysine and nisin against Bacillus subtilis[J]. Food Control, 2015, 47: 444−450.
45
KORKMAZ F, KÖSTER S, YILDIZ Ö, et al. In situ opening/closing of OmpG from E. coli and the splitting of β-sheet signals in ATR-FTIR spectroscopy[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2012, 91: 395−401.
46
GENCCELEP H, SARICAOGLU F T, ANIL M, et al. The effect of starch modification and concentration on steady-state and dynamic rheology of meat emulsions[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2015, 48: 135−148.
47
HAN Y J, SUN Z C, CHEN W X. Antimicrobial susceptibility and antibacterial mechanism of limonene against listeria monocytogenes[J]. Molecules, 2019, 25(1): 33.
48
KATO M, HAYASHI R, TSUDA T, et al. High pressure‐induced changes of biological membrane[J]. European Journal of Biochemistry, 2002, 269(1): 110−118.
2026年第47卷第10期
PDF下载
107
50
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30
基金
作者信息
    宁夏大学食品科学与工程学院,宁夏银川 750000

通讯作者:

章中(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:新型食品杀菌抑菌技术、果蔬贮藏与加工技术,E-mail:。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040376
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏