Article(id=1321766511908336184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040359, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745942400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793063293673, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793063293673, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793063293673, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793063293673, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=162, endPage=171, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321766512206131769, articleId=1321766511908336184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Poria cocos Powder on the Characteristics and Quality of Noodles, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the improvement effect of Poria cocos powder on the quality of traditional noodle products, functional noodle products were developed. The present study systematically analyzed the effects of Poria cocos powder addition (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, w/w) on pasting properties, rheological properties, cooking stability, texture properties, color, microstructure, antioxidant activity, glycemic index (GI) and sensory score of noodles. The results showed that the peak viscosity of the mixed powder decreased significantly from 85.42 cP to 32.37 cP (P<0.05) as the amount of Poria cocos powder added increases. The thermal stability showed an upward trend while the hardness and adhesiveness of noodles showed a downward trend. Noodles achieved optimal texture characteristics when 4% of Poria cocos powder was added (elasticity 1.68 mm, chewiness 32.42 mJ). As the amount of Poria cocos added increased, the microstructure of noodles showed a tighter gluten network and reduced surface pores. The L* value of the color decreased from 81.30 to 69.66, the a* value increased from −0.58 to 1.82, and the brightness decreased and became reddish. The cooking loss rate decreased from 3.01% to 2.78%. The antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate and iron reduction ability) was positively correlated with the amount of Poria cocos added. The DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates of noodles with 10% Poria cocos addition were 83.48% and 79.7%, respectively. The glycemic index (eGI) decreased from 81.48 to 59.68, with significant delaying starch digestion (P<0.05). However, when the amount of Poria cocos powder added was greater than or equal to 8%, the broken rate of noodles increased significantly (P<0.05). Comprehensive quality analysis showed the optimal noodle texture, sensory score (75 points) and thermal stability (peak storage modulus G') when adding 4% of Poria cocos powder, as well as outstanding antioxidant and sugar control effects when adding 10% of Poria cocos powder. This study confirmed that Poria cocos powder could optimize the nutritional and functional properties of noodles by regulating the gluten network, starch crystallization and release of active ingredient, providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional flour products.

, authors=Yingying CUI1, Jiaying DING1, Long HUANG2, *, authorsList=Yingying CUI, Jiaying DING, Long HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Long HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321766516069085768, articleId=1321766511908336184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=茯苓粉对面条特性及品质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究茯苓粉对传统面条制品品质的改良作用,开发功能性面条制品。本研究系统分析了茯苓粉添加量(占混合粉总质量)(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%,w/w)对面条糊化特性、流变特性、蒸煮稳定性、质构特性、色度、微观结构、抗氧化活性及血糖生成指数(GI)、感官评分的影响。结果表明:随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,混合粉峰值黏度从85.42 cP显著降至32.37 cP(P<0.05),热稳定性提升;面条硬度、胶黏性呈下降趋势。当茯苓粉添加量为4%时面条的质构特性最佳(弹性1.68 mm、咀嚼性32.42 mJ)。随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,面条的微观结构显示其面筋网络更紧密,表面孔隙减少;色泽L*值从81.30降至69.66,a*值从−0.58升至1.82,亮度降低且偏红;蒸煮损失率从3.01%降至2.78%;抗氧化活性(DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率及铁还原能力)与茯苓粉添加量呈正相关,茯苓粉添加量为10%的面条的DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率最高分别为83.48%和79.7%;血糖生成指数(eGI)从81.48降至59.68,延缓淀粉消化效果显著(P<0.05)。然而,当茯苓粉添加量大于等于8%时,面条的断条率显著升高(P<0.05)。综合品质分析显示,4%茯苓粉添加组面条质构、感官评分(75分)及热稳定性(储能模量G'峰值)最优,10%添加茯苓粉组抗氧化和控糖效果突出。本研究证实茯苓粉可通过调控面筋网络、淀粉结晶及活性成分释放,优化面条营养与功能特性,为功能性面制品开发提供了理论依据。

, authors=崔莹莹1, 丁嘉颖1, 黄龙2, *, authorsList=崔莹莹, 丁嘉颖, 黄龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄龙, authorNote=

崔莹莹(1993−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:健康产品研发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
黄龙(1974−),男,硕士,高职工程师,研究方向:大健康产品研发,E-mail:。
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崔莹莹(1993−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:健康产品研发,E-mail:

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崔莹莹(1993−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:健康产品研发,E-mail:

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注:a为面团的储能模量G';b为面团的损耗模量G"。

, figureFileSmall=43zoidvsgbi4fZAfoEHiFg==, figureFileBig=EvuN+lR8yeIelcvoHChJbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766520397607532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of different proportions of Poria cocos powder on the surface structure of noodles, figureFileSmall=dPfrNOmAGL/irv7XhtyesQ==, figureFileBig=4HoJSYxlkTWvI3nO6oY4kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766520477299309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同比例茯苓粉对面条表面结构的影响

注:a:空白组0%;b:茯苓粉2%;c:茯苓粉4%;d:茯苓粉6%;e:茯苓粉8%;f:茯苓粉10%,图4同。

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注:图A为DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS+自由基清除率;B为铁还原能力;不同小写字母表示数据差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=DdMXHsXtChBBbMytCLksBg==, figureFileBig=gpdcKwyXNmvXZJ31HP9M7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766520980615796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of adding different proportions of Poria cocos powder on the starch hydrolysis rate of noodles, figureFileSmall=lEgLC1xcb16eCGmRvtZCHg==, figureFileBig=GBkD9m+HIm7sKtDFnckygg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521047724661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同比例茯苓粉添加量对面条淀粉水解率的影响, figureFileSmall=lEgLC1xcb16eCGmRvtZCHg==, figureFileBig=GBkD9m+HIm7sKtDFnckygg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521110639222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation form of noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准分值(分)
色泽面条呈浅灰色,色泽均匀,有光泽
面条色泽呈灰色,色泽较均匀,光泽度一般
面条呈深灰色,色泽不均匀,光泽度差
25~30
15~24
<15
滋味有茯苓的特殊风味、无明显苦味、异味
茯苓风味较浓或较淡,轻微苦味
茯苓味过浓或无茯苓味、有明显苦味、涩味
25~30
15~24
<15
黏弹性咀嚼时爽口、不粘牙
咀嚼时较爽口、不粘牙
咀嚼时不爽口、粘牙
15~20
10~14
<10
外观面条表面光滑
面条表面较光滑
面条表面粗糙
8~10
5~7
<5
口感面条软硬适中
面条稍硬或稍软
面条太硬或太软
8~10
5~7
<5
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521190330999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

面条感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目评分标准分值(分)
色泽面条呈浅灰色,色泽均匀,有光泽
面条色泽呈灰色,色泽较均匀,光泽度一般
面条呈深灰色,色泽不均匀,光泽度差
25~30
15~24
<15
滋味有茯苓的特殊风味、无明显苦味、异味
茯苓风味较浓或较淡,轻微苦味
茯苓味过浓或无茯苓味、有明显苦味、涩味
25~30
15~24
<15
黏弹性咀嚼时爽口、不粘牙
咀嚼时较爽口、不粘牙
咀嚼时不爽口、粘牙
15~20
10~14
<10
外观面条表面光滑
面条表面较光滑
面条表面粗糙
8~10
5~7
<5
口感面条软硬适中
面条稍硬或稍软
面条太硬或太软
8~10
5~7
<5
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521265828472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gelatinization characteristics of Poria cocos noodles with different proportions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添
加量(%)
峰值黏度
(cP)
谷值黏度
(cP)
衰减值
(cP)
最终黏度
(cP)
回生值
(cP)
085.42±4.55a64.44±3.93a20.98±1.27ab69.89±3.70a5.44±0.38a
257.38±1.99b30.97±2.83b26.40±0.84a33.08±3.37b2.10±0.64b
444.43±2.02c24.84±3.36c18.24±4.64b28.13±2.71b3.28±0.73b
635.07±4.00d20.42±1.98c14.64±5.97b22.82±2.52c2.40±0.54b
830.29±1.33f13.14±2.21d17.14±3.53b15.82±2.56d2.68±0.49b
1032.37±2.73e5.35±0.94e17.09±3.99b9.11±1.73e3.75±2.04ab
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521337131641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉添加量对混合粉糊化特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添
加量(%)
峰值黏度
(cP)
谷值黏度
(cP)
衰减值
(cP)
最终黏度
(cP)
回生值
(cP)
085.42±4.55a64.44±3.93a20.98±1.27ab69.89±3.70a5.44±0.38a
257.38±1.99b30.97±2.83b26.40±0.84a33.08±3.37b2.10±0.64b
444.43±2.02c24.84±3.36c18.24±4.64b28.13±2.71b3.28±0.73b
635.07±4.00d20.42±1.98c14.64±5.97b22.82±2.52c2.40±0.54b
830.29±1.33f13.14±2.21d17.14±3.53b15.82±2.56d2.68±0.49b
1032.37±2.73e5.35±0.94e17.09±3.99b9.11±1.73e3.75±2.04ab
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521416823418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of different proportions of Poria cocos powder on the cooking properties of noodles (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)吸水率(%)蒸煮损失率(%)断条率(%)
033.00±1.80ab3.01±0.13a19.01±0.02b
230.50±0.50b2.97±0.01ab19.01±0.03b
433.86±2.87a2.97±0.12ab19.08±0.07ab
631.80±1.12ab2.94±0.06ab19.01±0.05ab
831.93±1.40ab2.85±0.11ab19.15±0.05a
1030.23±0.25b2.78±0.10b19.16±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521509098107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉对面条蒸煮特性的影响(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)吸水率(%)蒸煮损失率(%)断条率(%)
033.00±1.80ab3.01±0.13a19.01±0.02b
230.50±0.50b2.97±0.01ab19.01±0.03b
433.86±2.87a2.97±0.12ab19.08±0.07ab
631.80±1.12ab2.94±0.06ab19.01±0.05ab
831.93±1.40ab2.85±0.11ab19.15±0.05a
1030.23±0.25b2.78±0.10b19.16±0.07a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521576206972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of different proportions of Poria cocos powder on the textural properties of noodles (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添
加量(%)
硬度(N)内聚性(g·s)弹性(mm)胶黏性(N)咀嚼性(mJ)
058.80±5.99a0.41±0.06ab0.80±0.03c23.33±4.30a20.46±5.03b
234.85±9.60cd0.33±0.07c1.46±0.20ab12.15±4.58c17.51±6.71b
444.63±14.41b0.42±0.06a1.68±0.17a18.92±7.80b32.42±15.18a
638.67±7.75bcd0.37±0.04abc1.56±0.16b14.82±2.33bc23.44±5.31b
843.22±7.06bc0.36±0.05abc1.55±0.10ab16.01±1.99bc25.07±4.55ab
1032.37±7.43d0.35±0.07bc1.41±0.16b12.04±4.40c17.67±7.49b
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521668481661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉对面条质构特性的影响(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添
加量(%)
硬度(N)内聚性(g·s)弹性(mm)胶黏性(N)咀嚼性(mJ)
058.80±5.99a0.41±0.06ab0.80±0.03c23.33±4.30a20.46±5.03b
234.85±9.60cd0.33±0.07c1.46±0.20ab12.15±4.58c17.51±6.71b
444.63±14.41b0.42±0.06a1.68±0.17a18.92±7.80b32.42±15.18a
638.67±7.75bcd0.37±0.04abc1.56±0.16b14.82±2.33bc23.44±5.31b
843.22±7.06bc0.36±0.05abc1.55±0.10ab16.01±1.99bc25.07±4.55ab
1032.37±7.43d0.35±0.07bc1.41±0.16b12.04±4.40c17.67±7.49b
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521731396222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect of different proportions of Poria cocos powder on the color of noodles (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)L*a*b*ΔE
081.30±0.11a-0.58±0.01e14.24±0.06b\
275.94±0.04b0.88±0.01d16.10±0.01a5.86±0.01de
475.09±0.03b1.01±0.01c14.02±0.10c6.42±0.02d
673.58±0.05c1.60±0.01b13.70±0.02d8.05±0.03c
870.48±0.02c1.60±0.01b12.60±0.03e11.16±0.01ab
1069.66±0.01c1.82±0.01a12.25±0.03f12.05±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521823670911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉对面条色泽的影响(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)L*a*b*ΔE
081.30±0.11a-0.58±0.01e14.24±0.06b\
275.94±0.04b0.88±0.01d16.10±0.01a5.86±0.01de
475.09±0.03b1.01±0.01c14.02±0.10c6.42±0.02d
673.58±0.05c1.60±0.01b13.70±0.02d8.05±0.03c
870.48±0.02c1.60±0.01b12.60±0.03e11.16±0.01ab
1069.66±0.01c1.82±0.01a12.25±0.03f12.05±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521886585472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Relative crystallinity with different proportions of Poria cocos powder addition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)相对结晶度(%)
070.07±0.12e
270.70±0.23d
473.48±0.15c
673.85±0.12b
868.64±0.06f
1076.44±0.11a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521974665857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉添加量相对结晶度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)相对结晶度(%)
070.07±0.12e
270.70±0.23d
473.48±0.15c
673.85±0.12b
868.64±0.06f
1076.44±0.11a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522066940546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Estimated glycemic index of noodles with different proportions of Poria cocos powder added

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)AUCHIeGI
010366.5±0.11a76.11±0.41a81.48±0.54a
28193.88±0.27b60.16±0.28b72.73±0.13b
47281.90±0.35c53.47±0.25c69.06±0.26c
66151.73±0.14d45.17±0.32d64.50±0.36d
85713.73±0.18e41.95±0.34e62.73±0.19e
104957.68±0.26f36.40±0.32f59.68±0.14f
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522171798147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉添加量的面条预估血糖生成指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)AUCHIeGI
010366.5±0.11a76.11±0.41a81.48±0.54a
28193.88±0.27b60.16±0.28b72.73±0.13b
47281.90±0.35c53.47±0.25c69.06±0.26c
66151.73±0.14d45.17±0.32d64.50±0.36d
85713.73±0.18e41.95±0.34e62.73±0.19e
104957.68±0.26f36.40±0.32f59.68±0.14f
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522272461444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Effect of Poria cocos powder with different proportions on the sensory quality of noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)感官得分(分)
070.8±0.60bc
271.9±0.53b
475.0±0.53a
671.5±0.64b
868.6±0.60d
1061.6±0.47e
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522398290565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766511908336184, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同比例茯苓粉对面条感官品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茯苓粉添加量(%)感官得分(分)
070.8±0.60bc
271.9±0.53b
475.0±0.53a
671.5±0.64b
868.6±0.60d
1061.6±0.47e
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茯苓粉对面条特性及品质的影响
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崔莹莹 1 , 丁嘉颖 1 , 黄龙 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(8): 162-171
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (8) : 162 -171
茯苓粉对面条特性及品质的影响
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崔莹莹1 , 丁嘉颖1, 黄龙2, *
作者信息
  • 1桂林旅游学院食品与健康学院,广西桂林 541006
  • 2桂林三金大健康产业有限公司,广西桂林 541004
通讯作者:
黄龙(1974−),男,硕士,高职工程师,研究方向:大健康产品研发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

崔莹莹(1993−),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:健康产品研发,E-mail:

Effect of Poria cocos Powder on the Characteristics and Quality of Noodles
Yingying CUI1 , Jiaying DING1, Long HUANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food and Health, Guilin Tourism University, Guilin 541006, China
  • 2Guilin Sanjin Great Health Industry Co., Ltd., Guilin 541004, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040359
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为探究茯苓粉对传统面条制品品质的改良作用,开发功能性面条制品。本研究系统分析了茯苓粉添加量(占混合粉总质量)(0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%,w/w)对面条糊化特性、流变特性、蒸煮稳定性、质构特性、色度、微观结构、抗氧化活性及血糖生成指数(GI)、感官评分的影响。结果表明:随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,混合粉峰值黏度从85.42 cP显著降至32.37 cP(P<0.05),热稳定性提升;面条硬度、胶黏性呈下降趋势。当茯苓粉添加量为4%时面条的质构特性最佳(弹性1.68 mm、咀嚼性32.42 mJ)。随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,面条的微观结构显示其面筋网络更紧密,表面孔隙减少;色泽L*值从81.30降至69.66,a*值从−0.58升至1.82,亮度降低且偏红;蒸煮损失率从3.01%降至2.78%;抗氧化活性(DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率及铁还原能力)与茯苓粉添加量呈正相关,茯苓粉添加量为10%的面条的DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率最高分别为83.48%和79.7%;血糖生成指数(eGI)从81.48降至59.68,延缓淀粉消化效果显著(P<0.05)。然而,当茯苓粉添加量大于等于8%时,面条的断条率显著升高(P<0.05)。综合品质分析显示,4%茯苓粉添加组面条质构、感官评分(75分)及热稳定性(储能模量G'峰值)最优,10%添加茯苓粉组抗氧化和控糖效果突出。本研究证实茯苓粉可通过调控面筋网络、淀粉结晶及活性成分释放,优化面条营养与功能特性,为功能性面制品开发提供了理论依据。

茯苓面条  /  食用品质  /  蒸煮品质  /  消化特性  /  感官评价

To explore the improvement effect of Poria cocos powder on the quality of traditional noodle products, functional noodle products were developed. The present study systematically analyzed the effects of Poria cocos powder addition (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, w/w) on pasting properties, rheological properties, cooking stability, texture properties, color, microstructure, antioxidant activity, glycemic index (GI) and sensory score of noodles. The results showed that the peak viscosity of the mixed powder decreased significantly from 85.42 cP to 32.37 cP (P<0.05) as the amount of Poria cocos powder added increases. The thermal stability showed an upward trend while the hardness and adhesiveness of noodles showed a downward trend. Noodles achieved optimal texture characteristics when 4% of Poria cocos powder was added (elasticity 1.68 mm, chewiness 32.42 mJ). As the amount of Poria cocos added increased, the microstructure of noodles showed a tighter gluten network and reduced surface pores. The L* value of the color decreased from 81.30 to 69.66, the a* value increased from −0.58 to 1.82, and the brightness decreased and became reddish. The cooking loss rate decreased from 3.01% to 2.78%. The antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS+ free radical scavenging rate and iron reduction ability) was positively correlated with the amount of Poria cocos added. The DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates of noodles with 10% Poria cocos addition were 83.48% and 79.7%, respectively. The glycemic index (eGI) decreased from 81.48 to 59.68, with significant delaying starch digestion (P<0.05). However, when the amount of Poria cocos powder added was greater than or equal to 8%, the broken rate of noodles increased significantly (P<0.05). Comprehensive quality analysis showed the optimal noodle texture, sensory score (75 points) and thermal stability (peak storage modulus G') when adding 4% of Poria cocos powder, as well as outstanding antioxidant and sugar control effects when adding 10% of Poria cocos powder. This study confirmed that Poria cocos powder could optimize the nutritional and functional properties of noodles by regulating the gluten network, starch crystallization and release of active ingredient, providing a theoretical basis for the development of functional flour products.

Poria cocos noodles  /  edible quality  /  cooking quality  /  digestive characteristics  /  sensory evaluation
崔莹莹, 丁嘉颖, 黄龙. 茯苓粉对面条特性及品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 162 -171 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040359
Yingying CUI, Jiaying DING, Long HUANG. Effect of Poria cocos Powder on the Characteristics and Quality of Noodles[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 162 -171 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040359
小麦面条作为全球重要主食,因其制作工艺简单、营养丰富深受消费者喜爱[1]。然而,传统小麦面条存在风味口感单一的局限,且受精加工工艺影响,不仅膳食纤维、维生素B族、矿物质等营养物质大量流失,还存在血糖生成指数偏高的问题[2]。《中国食物与营养发展纲要(2025-2030年)》《国家全谷物行动计划(2024-2035年)》要求“开发符合我国谷物消费特点和习惯的多元化全谷物原配料和全谷物食品”,文件政策的出台为面条等传统主食的营养化、健康化、功能化指明了方向。
茯苓作为《中国药典》收载的药食同源品种,其主要活性成分包括茯苓多糖、三萜类化合物及膳食纤维等,具有抗氧化、调节血糖、改善肠道微生态等多重功效[3−4],为开发功能性面条制品提供了优质天然原料。目前关于茯苓的研究多聚焦于功能性成分提取及保健功效评价[5],在面制品中的应用研究则集中于茯苓饼干[6]、茯苓馒头[7]、茯苓糕[8]等,对于面条的研究较少。少量研究表明,茯苓可增强面团的面筋网络结构,但其添加量对面团糊化特性、淀粉结晶行为及面团微观结构的影响机制尚不明确[9]。此外,茯苓的膳食纤维含量较高,可通过物理阻隔效应改变淀粉与消化酶的接触效率,进而影响面条的体外消化特性及血糖生成指数。同时,茯苓中的酚类化合物和三萜类成分赋予茯苓一定的抗氧化活性,但其在面点加工过程中的活性保留情况及对产品抗氧化能力的提升效果仍需深入探讨[10]。
本研究系统探究不同比例(0~10%)茯苓粉添加对小麦生鲜面条品质的影响,通过分析面团糊化特性、流变特性、蒸煮特性、质构、色差、微观结构、X射线衍射、抗氧化活性、血糖生成指数以及感官评价揭示茯苓粉对面条功能与品质的调控机制,并筛选最优添加比例。研究结果可为茯苓功能性面制品的配方优化与工艺升级提供理论依据,同时为药食同源食材在主食工业化中的应用拓展新路径。
五得利中筋面粉 五得利面粉集团有限公司;桂山精制食盐 广西盐业集团有限公司;茯苓粉 亳州壹顺药业有限公司;葡萄糖检测试剂盒(GOD-POD)、麦克林淀粉糖苷酶(来源于黑曲酶)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、三氯乙酸、醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液、α-淀粉酶(猪胰酶,5 U/mg) 分析纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、三氯化铁 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;铁氰化钾 分析纯,天津市光复科技发展有限公司;无水乙醇 分析纯,四川西陇科学有限公司;过硫酸钾 分析纯,优耐德引发剂(上海)有限公司。
ZK-82B型电热真空干燥箱 上海实验仪器厂有限公司;CYX-M01志高小型电动多功能面条机 广东志高有限公司;LGJ-50G压盖型真空冷冻干燥机 北京四环起航科技有限公司;S-300型扫描电镜 日本Hitachi公司;FTC型质构仪 北京盈恒泰科技有限责任公司;CM-5色差仪 柯尼卡美能达公司;UV-1800紫外分光光度计 日本岛津公司;SN-LSC-40S离心机 上海尚普仪器设备有限公司;SB25-12DTDX超声波清洗机 宁波新芝生物科技有限公司;HWS-26电热恒温水浴锅 上海齐欣科学仪器有限公司;Anton Pear MCR 92 流变仪 奥地利安东帕公司。
混合粉(中筋面粉、茯苓粉)总质量为200 g,茯苓粉的添加量分别设置为占混合粉总质量相应比例的0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%(w/w),加水量为混合粉总质量的35%,食盐添加量为混合粉总质量的2%进行面条压制。
原料准备:称取所需的中筋面粉、茯苓粉、食用盐、水。并将茯苓粉、中筋面粉混合过60目面粉筛,备用。
和面及挤压成形:将混合粉(中筋面粉、茯苓粉)投入自动面条机后加入水、食用盐,充分搅拌至呈絮状,随后加入面条机中自动压制成面条,得到厚度为1 mm,宽度为3 mm的鲜湿面条。
以2%、4%、6%、8%、10%的茯苓粉的质量比例添加到混合粉(200 g)中作为实验组,以没有添加茯苓粉的小麦粉作为空白组。研究茯苓添加对面条的糊化特性、流变特性、蒸煮特性(吸水率、蒸煮损失率、断条率)、质构、色差、微观结构、X射线衍射、抗氧化活性、血糖生成指数以及感官评价的影响。
参考张伟峰等[11]的方法并稍作修改。称取3 g的混合粉和25 g的水,用玻璃搅拌棒混合均匀形成淀粉糊,过100目筛。使用流变仪进行糊化特性分析。测量采用预设的加热和冷却循环:初始温度为50 ℃保持1 min,然后以12 ℃/min的速度上升到95 ℃保持2.5 min,最后以相同的速率冷却至50 ℃持续2 min。
参考闫璟圆[12]的方法并稍作修改。取3 g面团,利用流变仪的温度扫描进行流变特性测定,设定频率为1 Hz、应变0.5%、升温和降温的速度均为5 ℃/min,在30~95 ℃进行升温,测试面团的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')。
参考寇锟等[13]的方法,将20根面条放入1000 mL微沸水中并计时,煮制2 min后挑起1根面条观察其中间白芯情况,随后每10s挑起1根面条进行观察,直到白芯完全消失,该时间段即为面条的最佳蒸煮时间。
参考HONG等[14]和WANG等[15]的方法,稍作修改。称取15 g(M1)面条将其投入500 mL沸水中,按最佳蒸煮时间进行煮制后捞出,用蒸馏水冲洗30 s,沥干水分(3 min)后称量面条重量记为M2(g),按以下公式计算吸水率:
$ 吸水率(\text{%})= \frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{2}-{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}\times 100 $
参考崔彦利等[16]的方法,称取5 g生面条,将其放入250 mL沸水中煮制到最佳蒸煮时间,捞出后用蒸馏水冲洗10 s,冷却4 min,于110 ℃的烘箱中烘干至恒重,称量记为S1。另取5 g生面条直接烘干至恒重,称量记为S2,按以下公式计算蒸煮损失率。
$ \mathrm{W}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{S}_2-\mathrm{S}_1}{\mathrm{S}_2}\times100 $
式中:W表示蒸煮损失率,%;S1表示烘干至恒重的熟面条质量,g;S2表示烘干至恒重的生面条质量,g。
参考戴瑞等[17]的方法,取20根生面条,将其两端切除至面条为15 cm,将面条放入500 mL的沸水中煮至最佳蒸煮时间,挑出面条,观察完整面条的数量N,按照下式计算断条率。
$ \mathrm{Q}(\text{%})=\frac{20-\mathrm{N}}{20}\times 1 00 $
式中:Q表示断条率,%;N表示完整熟面条数量,根。
参考WAN等[18]的方法,稍作修改。选9根面条为一组,3根一层堆叠成方,并将其修整成1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的待测样。质构仪测试:采用P/36 R探头,设定最大感应力为300 N,回升高度为15 mm,测试前、中、后速率均为60 mm/min,形变60%,触发力0.45 N,测试重复3次。
参考Liu等[19]的方法。取5 g待测样并将其平铺到测量容器中(不透光),进行色泽测定。其中L*表示亮度,a*表示红绿值,正值时偏红,负值时偏绿,b*表示黄蓝值,正值时偏黄,负值时偏蓝。以未添加茯苓粉的面条作为参比样(L*参值、a*参值和b*参值),按照下式计算色差值ΔE。
$ \Delta E= \sqrt{{( {L}^{\text{*}}-{L}^{\text{*}}\mathrm{参}) }^{2}+{( {a}^{\text{*}}-{a}^{\text{*}}\mathrm{参}) }^{2}+{({b}^{\text{*}}-{b}^{\text{*}}\mathrm{参}) }^{2}} $
式中:L*,a*和b*分别表示茯苓面条的亮度值、红绿值和黄蓝值;L*参,a*参和b*参分别表示未加茯苓粉的普通面条的亮度值、红绿值和黄蓝值;ΔE表示色差。
参考王朝敏等[20]的方法,并稍作修改。将制作好面条放入-80 ℃冷冻24 h,再冷冻干燥24 h,对干燥处理后的茯苓面条在5 kV加速电压下喷金30 s。获取样品表面、截面1000倍的图像进行观察。
根据汤晓智等[21]的方法,并稍作修改。对煮制后的茯苓面条冻干粉进行X-射线衍射扫描。记录样品的X-射线衍射图谱并进行绘图。
参照姚月华等[22]的方法,将生面条样品冷冻干燥24 h后,粉碎后进行过筛(60目)。称取10 g面条粉末,加入100 mL 80%乙醇,混匀后置于37 ℃水浴中提取2 h,随后超声处理15 min,以2500 r/min离心10 min,收集上清液为样品提取液备用。
参照王敬涵等[23]的方法,取2 mL面条提取液,与2 mL 0.1 mmol/L的DPPH乙醇溶液混合均匀,于室温避光条件下反应30 min,随后在517 nm波长处测定吸光度值,按以下公式计算DPPH自由基清除能力:
$ \mathrm{C}(\text{%})=\frac{{{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}-(\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2})}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\times 1 00 $
式中:C表示DPPH自由基清除能力,%;A1表示2 mL试样提取液与2 mL DPPH溶液的吸光度值;A2表示2 mL样品与2 mL 80%乙醇吸光度值;A0表示2 mL 80%乙醇与2 mL DPPH溶液的吸光度值。
参照杜密英等[24]的方法,将0.5 mL面条提取物、2.5 mL 0.2 mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(pH6.6)和2.5 mL 1%铁氰化钾溶液混合,50 ℃水浴20 min。加入2.5 mL 10%三氯乙酸溶液,5000 r/min离心10 min后,取上清液2.5 mL。向体系中加入0.5 mL浓度为0.1%的三氯化铁溶液,充分混匀后静置10 min,于700 nm波长下测定吸光度值(A)。铁还原能力以吸光度表征,吸光度越大表明还原力越强,同时以提取剂的吸光度作为空白对照(A0)。
参照戴瑞等[17]的方法,稍作修改。取5 mL 7 mmol/L ABTS溶液和5 mL 2.45 mmol/L过硫酸钾溶液,放入同一棕色试剂瓶中混合,在暗处中放置反应12 h。使用前,将ABTS工作液用80%乙醇稀释至734 nm波长处吸光度为0.70±0.02。取2 mL面条提取液,加入4 mL上述ABTS工作液混匀,反应10 min后,于734 nm波长处测定吸光度,按以下公式计算ABTS+自由基清除率:
$ \mathrm{F}(\text{%})=\left(1-\frac{\mathrm{B}_1-\mathrm{B}_2}{\mathrm{B}_0}\right)\times 100 $
式中:F表示ABTS+自由基清除能力,%;B0表示2 mL 80%乙醇与4 mL ABTS工作液的吸光度值;B1表示2 mL面条提取液与4 mL ABTS工作液的吸光度值;B2表示2 mL试样提取液与4 mL 80%乙醇的吸光度值。
根据罗蔓等[25]的方法,稍作修改。将熟面条冷却至室温后放入冻干机内冷冻干燥48 h,取出后放入粉碎机内进行粉碎,过100目筛。称取200 mg面条冻干粉放入50 mL离心管中,每个样品(200 mg)分散在醋酸钠缓冲液(15 mL,pH5.2,0.1 mol/L)中,然后加入混合酶液(10 mL,α-淀粉酶200 U/mL,麦克林淀粉糖苷酶160 U/mL)。将混合物置于振荡水浴中,模拟体外消化(37 ℃,170 r/min)。在0、30、60、90、120和180 min时,取出等体积(0.5 mL),加入乙醇(7.5 mL)使酶失活。4000×g,离心10 min后,采用葡萄糖测定试剂(GOPOD)对体系中的葡萄糖含量进行测定。在0、30、60、90、120和180 min时取出0.2 mL消化液测定葡萄糖含量后,将离心管里剩余的消化液继续反应16 h后,取出测定每个样品的总葡萄糖含量。基于淀粉水解率随时间变化的曲线,计算曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)以评估面条体外消化过程对血糖的影响,进而确定样品的淀粉水解指数(Hydrolysis index,HI)及预估血糖生成指数(Estimated glycemic index,eGI)。
$ 淀粉水解率(\text{%})= \frac{\text{取样点葡萄糖当量}}{\text{总葡萄糖当量}}\times 0.9\times 100 $
$\rm 淀粉水解指数HI= \frac{\text{AUC面条样品}}{\text{AUC参考食品}(\text{白面包})} $
$ \mathrm{预估血糖生成指数(eGI)=39.7+0.549\times HI} $
参照张晴晴等[26]的方法,并稍作修改。选择10名食品或烹饪专业的学生(5男5女)作为评价员,对熟面条进行感官评价,评价过程独立完成,互不干扰。感官评分标准见表1。
每项实验独立重复3次,借助IBM SPSS Statistics 25软件与Excel工具开展统计分析,通过Duncan检验法进行显著性差异分析,以P<0.05作为组间差异显著的判定标准。数据处理后利用Origin 2019软件进行绘图,结果以“平均值±标准差”形式呈现。
由图1可见,随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,混合粉的黏度呈显著递减趋势(P<0.05)。0%添加组(对照组)黏度最高,而10%添加组黏度最低,表明茯苓粉的加入对面条具有稀释黏度作用。由表2可见,随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,茯苓混合粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度显著降低(P<0.05);衰减值呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势;回生值无显著变化(P>0.05)。峰值黏度反映了淀粉颗粒膨胀程度,茯苓粉通过氢键结合水分子,使混合粉中淀粉颗粒与水分接触减少,抑制淀粉吸水膨胀,导致峰值黏度显著降低(P<0.05)[27];谷值黏度随茯苓粉添加量增加呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),且下降幅度大于峰值粘度,分析认为茯苓粉中的膳食纤维会进一步包裹混合粉的淀粉颗粒表面形成空间网络,阻碍淀粉颗粒相互碰撞,从而降低谷值黏度并提升混合粉的热稳定性;同时,茯苓粉中膳食纤维通过吸附或嵌入淀粉分子螺旋结构,阻碍冷却阶段淀粉链的重排与结晶,使混合粉的最终黏度持续下降[28]。因此,通过优化茯苓粉添加比例,可降低混合粉黏腻感(峰值黏度)的同时维持热稳定性(谷值黏度),并通过抑制回生(最终黏度),进而最终改善面条的食用品质[29]。
如图2所示,当茯苓粉添加量在0%~6%范围内时,面团的储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且G'始终高于G''(P<0.05),说明面条具有典型粘弹性特征。当茯苓粉添加量为0%时,面团在30~95 ℃温区范围内表现出最高模量值,说明纯面粉形成的面筋具有最佳热稳定性[30]。随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,储能模量G'和损耗模量G''均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,当茯苓粉添加量超过6%后,模量值显著下降(P<0.05)。分析认为过量的茯苓粉阻碍了面团面筋蛋白间的相互作用,或与水分竞争结合位点导致面团持水性下降,面筋网络形成受阻,从而降低了体系的整体粘弹性。
面条的蒸煮特性是衡量面条品质的关键指标,吸水率越低、蒸煮损失率及断条率越高的面条在煮制过程中越容易产生浑汤现象[31]。从表3中可以看出,随着茯苓粉添加量的增多,面条的断条率变化不显著(P>0.05)。分析认为茯苓粉中含有的多糖分子在面团形成过程中,会填充于面筋网络孔隙中,起到物理支撑作用,维持面筋网络结构的完整性,在一定程度上抑制断条率上升;但当茯苓粉添加量过高(8%~10%)时,过量的茯苓粉会阻碍面筋蛋白分子间二硫键的交联,削弱了面筋网络的强度与韧性,从而使得面条断条率有轻微上升趋势。蒸煮损失率随茯苓粉添加量的增加而呈现轻微下降趋势,分析认为茯苓粉会进一步促进面条内部形成更加致密的网络结构,增强束缚淀粉颗粒的能力,使淀粉颗粒很难从面筋网络结构中脱落,从而降低面条蒸煮损失[32]。吸水率则随着茯苓粉添加量的增加呈先轻微升高后降低的趋势。茯苓粉主要成分包括多糖、纤维素等,这些成分具有一定的吸水能力,适量的茯苓粉(2%~4%)会增加面团吸水性,但由于茯苓粉中蛋白质含量较少,对于水分的吸收能力小于未添加茯苓粉的面条;过量茯苓粉(6%~10%)会破坏面团面筋网络结构,导致面条吸水率下降,蒸煮时机械强度也有所降低[33]。综上,4%茯苓粉添加可通过优化分子间相互作用提升吸水率并维持结构稳定性,而过量添加则因物理阻隔效应损害面团蒸煮品质,该结果为茯苓面条的工艺优化提供了蒸煮特性层面的理论依据。
从表4中可以看出,添加不同比例的茯苓粉对熟面条的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性有显著的影响(P<0.05)。从整体趋势看,硬度随着茯苓粉添加量的增加先降低后升高。当茯苓粉添加量较低时,茯苓粉吸水后阻止了部分面筋蛋白的形成,使得面条硬度下降。而当茯苓粉添加量达到一定程度时(4%),茯苓粉中的多糖又会填充于面筋蛋白中形成网状结构,在一定程度上增强面条的硬度,但总体仍低于纯小麦粉面条;内聚性在4%达峰值,说明适量茯苓粉会促进面条面筋的交联,过高添加(8%~10%)则会破坏这种结合[34−35]。弹性呈现先升后降,咀嚼性在4%时最高,是该比例下硬度、弹性与内聚性共同作用的结果。综合来看,当茯苓添加量为4%时,面条的质构特性较好,此时茯苓粉中的多糖分子与面粉中蛋白质协同作用最强,面条质构属性最佳。
由表5可知,茯苓粉的添加量对面条色泽的L*、a*影响显著(P<0.05)。综合来看茯苓面条的L*呈下降趋势,a*呈上升趋势,b*则呈先升高后下降的趋势(P<0.05),总色差ΔE呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05)。当茯苓粉添加量为10%时面条的ΔE达到最大值12.05,说明茯苓粉对面条颜色的影响十分显著,消费者可以根据面条的颜色适量添加茯苓粉[36],这与周松超等[37]的研究结果一致。随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,面条的L*值从81.30降至69.66,其亮度逐渐降低。a*值则从-0.58(偏绿)逐渐转变为1.82(偏红),b*值由14.24先升高至16.10再逐渐降低至12.25。茯苓粉添加量越多时,面条颜色越深,亮度越低。
由图3可知,空白组(0%)面条表面淀粉颗粒与面筋网络结构存在,但颗粒间孔隙相对明显,结构紧密性不足,完整性较差。观察图3b~图3c(茯苓粉2%~4%),淀粉颗粒与面筋网络连接更紧密,表面结构趋于均匀,孔隙减小。表明适量茯苓粉添加量可改善面条表面结构,增强面筋网络完整性。而随着茯苓粉继续增加,观察图3d~图3f(茯苓粉6%~10%),淀粉颗粒间缝隙增大,结构松散,部分颗粒连接不紧密。表明添加过量茯苓粉会稀释面条面筋蛋白,削弱面团整体强度与可塑性。由于茯苓粉本身无塑性和延伸性,过量使用会破坏面筋网络的连续性,导致淀粉颗粒间结合松散,表面结构完整性下降,最终影响面条品质。
图4a可看出,空白组(0%)面条截面中淀粉颗粒与面筋网络结合不够紧密,孔隙明显,面筋蛋白网络对淀粉颗粒包裹不充分,整体结构完整性较弱,反映出无茯苓粉添加时,面条截面微观结构存在一定松散性。当茯苓粉添加量为2%(图4b)和4%(图4c)时,面团的孔径缩小,淀粉颗粒与面筋蛋白连接更紧密,结构趋于紧实。表明适量茯苓粉可有效填充面筋网络空隙,增强淀粉颗粒与面筋蛋白的相互作用,改善截面结构的紧密性与完整性,提升面条微观结构质量。随着茯苓粉添加量增至6%(图4d)、8%(图4e)及10%(图4f),截面结构明显劣化,淀粉颗粒间缝隙增大,连接松散,部分颗粒游离于面筋网络外[38],截面结构稳定性下降,品质受损。
综上,当茯苓粉添加4%时面条的表面及截面结构较为稳定,而过量添加则会损害结构的品质,其作用机制与面筋蛋白体系被稀释及茯苓粉自身缺乏塑性、延伸性密切相关。
小麦面条的主要成分是淀粉与面筋蛋白,淀粉在X射线衍射中呈现特征结晶峰。茯苓粉富含茯苓多糖、蛋白质、膳食纤维、小分子物质等成分,这些成分可与小麦淀粉通过氢键等作用力结合,干扰淀粉分子间的有序排列,破坏原有结晶结构[39]。
如图5所示,从衍射峰的形态与强度变化来看,随着茯苓粉添加量从0%逐步增加至10%,衍射峰的特征发生显著改变(P<0.05)。当茯苓粉添加量为0%时,面条淀粉出现明显衍射峰,表明此时淀粉结晶结构较为规整,有序性高。随着茯苓粉添加量增加,峰形逐渐宽化、弥散,这可能是淀粉的结晶结构被破坏,结晶度降低。这种变化与茯苓粉中富含的蛋白质、膳食纤维、小分子物质等成分密切相关,这些成分会干扰淀粉支链双螺旋结构的再次有序排列,从而减缓淀粉的回生过程。当茯苓粉添加量为2%、4%时,峰形已有宽化趋势但变化相对较小,而当添加量达到6%、8%、10%时,峰形宽化,表明结晶结构的破坏程度加剧。
结合表6数据进一步分析,当茯苓粉添加量为2%、4%时,相对结晶度分别为70.70%、73.48%,较0%时的70.07%变化显著(P<0.05)。说明较低的茯苓粉添加量虽对面条淀粉结晶结构有一定影响但尚不显著。当添加量达到6%时,面条的相对结晶度为73.85%,峰形宽化显著,8%时降至68.64%,结晶度下降显著,表明较高添加量对淀粉结晶结构的破坏作用更为突出。但当添加量为10%时,相对结晶度升至76.44%,达到最高。这可能是由于该添加量下,茯苓粉中的某些成分与淀粉分子间形成了新的有序结构,成分间相互作用促进了结晶的重新排列。
如图6所示,随着茯苓粉添加量从0%增加到10%,茯苓面条的DPPH自由基清除率显著上升(P<0.05)。当茯苓粉添加量为0%时,DPPH自由基清除率仅19.33%,而当茯苓粉添加量达10%时,茯苓面条的DPPH自由基清除率升至83.48%,增长约空白组的4倍。说明茯苓粉对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用,且添加量越多,自由基清除能力越强。ABTS+自由基清除率从茯苓粉添加量为0%时的15.82%逐步增加到79.7%(茯苓粉添加量为10%),提升了近5倍。铁还原能力从空白组(茯苓粉添加量为0%)的0.41增长到2.52(茯苓粉添加量为10%),达到空白组的6倍。茯苓添加量与自由基清除效果呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。分析认为,茯苓粉中的茯苓多糖具有多个活性基团(多糖、三萜类等抗氧化活性成分),能通过供氢方式与自由基结合,进而达到清除自由基目的[40]。
观察图7中不同颜色曲线代表的淀粉水解率变化,0%添加的空白组在各时间点的淀粉水解率显著高于添加了茯苓粉的其他组(2%~10%)。证明当茯苓粉添加比例越高时,茯苓面条的淀粉水解速率越迟缓,淀粉消化率越低。
由表7可知,当茯苓粉添加量从0%提升至10%时,茯苓面条的AUC由10366.5大幅降至4957.68,HI从76.11递减至36.40,eGI也从81.48降低到59.68(P<0.05)。说明茯苓粉对茯苓面条的淀粉消化及血糖生成具有一定抑制效应。茯苓粉添加量越高,抑制作用越显著(P<0.05)。分析认为,茯苓粉中富含膳食纤维[41]等功能性成分。这些成分在体系中能够与淀粉发生物理或化学层面的相互作用,减少消化酶与淀粉直接接触[42]。这种作用机制有效延缓了淀粉的水解进程,使得茯苓面条的葡萄糖释放速率降低[43]。最终使得茯苓面条的AUC、HI、eGI等指标随茯苓粉添加量增加而下降(P<0.05)。
如表8所示,10名评价员分别对6组茯苓面条的色泽、外观、黏弹性、滋味和口感进行评分。在色泽方面,随着茯苓粉的添加,面条的颜色变成浅棕色并逐渐加深变暗,当添加量为10%时,面条颜色最灰,评分最低。当茯苓粉添加量为4%时,面条综合感官评分最高为75分。当茯苓添加量为2%到4%时,面条中拥有淡淡的茯苓味道。而茯苓粉添加量大于4%时,面条中的药材味稍重,风味变差,让人难以接受。
本研究系统地分析了不同比例茯苓粉(0%~10%)添加到小麦粉中对生鲜面条品质的影响。实验结果表明,茯苓粉添加比例为4%时,面条硬度、弹性及咀嚼性的改善效果最为显著(P<0.05)。扫描电镜观察得出,当茯苓粉以适宜比例添加到面条中时,其内部组织结构呈现出更为均匀的分布状态,面筋网络连续性得到显著提升(P<0.05)。然而,当添加量超过4%时,面条的结构稳定性开始受到破坏,面团的表面及截面孔隙变大。随着茯苓粉添加量的增加,面条的色泽也发生了显著变化,表现为L*值、b*值降低,a*值升高(P<0.05)。X-射线衍射分析表示,当茯苓粉添加量为0%时,面条淀粉衍射峰较高,随着茯苓粉添加量增加,峰形逐渐宽化、弥散,淀粉的结晶结构被破坏,结晶度降低。流变学分析显示,0~6%茯苓粉添加量范围内面团储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')呈先升后降趋势,6%时面团热稳定性最佳(P<0.05)。抗氧化活性指标(DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率及铁还原能力)与茯苓粉添加量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),10%添加组茯苓面条的自由基清除率较空白照组提升5~6倍;血糖生成指数(eGI)随添加量增加从81.48(空白组)降至59.68(茯苓粉添加量为10%)(P<0.05),表明茯苓粉可通过延缓淀粉消化显著降低血糖响应。当茯苓粉添加量为4%,茯苓面条感官得分最高为75分。本研究结果为茯苓功能性面制品开发提供了理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040359
  • 接收时间:2025-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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    1桂林旅游学院食品与健康学院,广西桂林 541006
    2桂林三金大健康产业有限公司,广西桂林 541004

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黄龙(1974−),男,硕士,高职工程师,研究方向:大健康产品研发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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