Article(id=1320889489522798706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040339, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854195241, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854195241, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854195241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854195241, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=15, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889489719930995, articleId=1320889489522798706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Construction of Pea Protein-Coconut Oil-Potato Starch Gel System and Application in the Development of Dysphagia Food, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Dysphagia (DP) was an increasingly prevalent health issue in aging populations, leading to increasing demand for DP-oriented food. This study aimed to develop a composite gel system based on pea protein-coconut oil-potato starch to address the functional and nutritional limitations of single-component gels and explore its potential for dysphagia food applications. Using potato starch as the matrix, a ternary composite gel system was formulated by incorporating pea protein (4%, w/v) and coconut oil (4%, w/v). Single-factor experiments optimized the formulation, and techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological analysis, texture profile analysis (TPA), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR), sensory evaluation, and 3D printing were employed to investigate the gel structure, rheological properties, swallowing adaptability, and printability. The results demonstrated that the ternary composite gel achieved a hardness of 1062.95 N/m2, adhesiveness of 400.13 J/m3, and cohesiveness of 0.87, meeting the class II criteria of the Japanese Dysphagia Diet (JDD) standards. Rheological analysis revealed higher storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') compared to single-component gels, with a tanδ<1, indicating solid-like behavior conducive to swallowing control. LF-NMR analysis showed the water-holding capacity of the ternary composite gel was enhanced compared to that of the potato starch gel, with increased bound water proportion (T21 decreased from 4.20 ms to 2.97 ms). Sensory evaluation highlighted the ternary gel's superior cohesiveness and minimal oral residue, while IDDSI testing confirmed safe swallowing characteristics. Further integration of 3D printing technology with fruit-vegetable freeze-dried powders enabled nutrient fortification (protein: 16.06~18.06 g/100 g DW, dietary fiber: 10.31~15.95 g/100 g DW) and precise geometric control (dimensional error<5%). This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for developing personalized nutrition foods tailored to individuals with dysphagia.
, authors=Yu ZHANG
1, 2, Huizhi CHEN
2, Ruiling LIU
2, Weijie WU
2, Chuan TONG
1, Xiangjun FANG
2, Hangjun CHEN
2, Ben NIU
2, *, Haiyan GAO
2, *, authorsList=Yu ZHANG, Huizhi CHEN, Ruiling LIU, Weijie WU, Chuan TONG, Xiangjun FANG, Hangjun CHEN, Ben NIU, Haiyan GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ben NIU, Haiyan GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889495151554722, articleId=1320889489522798706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶体系构建及其在易食食品开发中的应用, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
吞咽困难(Dysphagia,DP)是当今老龄化人口中日益严重的健康问题,这推动了DP适用食品的需求不断增加。本研究旨在构建豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉的复合凝胶体系,提升单一凝胶的功能和营养缺陷,并探索其在易食食品中的应用潜力。以马铃薯淀粉为基质,复配豌豆蛋白(4%,m/v)与椰子油(4%,m/v),构建三元复合凝胶体系。通过单因素实验优化添加量,结合扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、流变分析、质构剖面分析(texture profile analysis,TPA)、低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、感官评价及3D打印等技术,揭示凝胶结构、流变特性、吞咽适应性及打印特性。结果表明:三元复合凝胶硬度达1062.95 N/m2,黏附性400.13 J/m3,内聚性0.87,符合“日本吞咽障碍特殊食品”Ⅱ级标准;其储能模量(G')和损耗模量(G'')高于单一组分凝胶,tanδ值<1,表现为类固体特性,利于吞咽控制;LF-NMR显示,与马铃薯淀粉凝胶相比,三元复合凝胶持水能力提升,结合水比例增加(T21从4.20 ms降至2.97 ms);感官评价中,三元凝胶内聚力最高,口腔残留最少,IDDSI测试符合安全吞咽标准。进一步通过3D打印技术复配果蔬冻干粉,实现营养强化(蛋白质含量达16.06~18.06 g/100 g DW,膳食纤维10.31~15.95 g/100 g DW),并精准控制几何形状(尺寸误差<5%)。本研究为开发适用于吞咽困难人群的个性化营养食品提供了理论依据与技术路径。
, authors=张雨
1, 2, 陈慧芝
2, 刘瑞玲
2, 吴伟杰
2, 童川
1, 房祥军
2, 陈杭君
2, 牛犇
2, *, 郜海燕
2, *, authorsList=张雨, 陈慧芝, 刘瑞玲, 吴伟杰, 童川, 房祥军, 陈杭君, 牛犇, 郜海燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=牛犇, 郜海燕, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=XgPVw1uLR5JHhVZrzM5SmA==, magXml=2LQCQxmsCmg8+HudhsMVqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZdhS33NbAtvpHtuXzQoRSw==, pdfFileSize=11467346, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=HeR2T6QsxDfxlgQaHpzydw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=A1cvm4gBVVmuv1qty+BZ6Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889495562596522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zzyidyh@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889495646482605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, authorId=1320889495562596522, language=EN, stringName=Yu ZHANG, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889495709397166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, authorId=1320889495562596522, language=CN, stringName=张雨, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1浙江工业大学食品科学与工程学院,浙江杭州 310014
2浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021, bio={"content":"
张雨(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品物流保鲜,E-mail:zzyidyh@163.com
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1浙江工业大学食品科学与工程学院,浙江杭州 310014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889495478710438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495487099047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495495487656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320889495944278195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, authorId=1320889495793283248, language=CN, stringName=陈慧芝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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陈慧芝(1989−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品物流保鲜,E-mail:chenhuizhiht@163.com
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陈慧芝(1989−),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品物流保鲜,E-mail:chenhuizhiht@163.com
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2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495495487656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495495487656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889495478710438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495487099047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495495487656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021)])]), Author(id=1320889496485343423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889496556646593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, authorId=1320889496485343423, language=EN, stringName=Chuan TONG, firstName=Chuan, middleName=null, lastName=TONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Multicomponent 3D-printed dysphagia foods: Integrating plant proteins, fats, and carbohydrates for nutritional and textural enhancement[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2025, 168: 111525., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889500465737978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LORENZ T, ISKANDAR M M, BAEGHBALI V, et al. 3D Food printing applications related to dysphagia: A narrative review[J]. 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Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2025, 46(9): 1−10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889505586983214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Y, WANG Z, SHI C, et al. A novel strategy of dysphagia-oriented matrices bovine tendon collagen-cassava starch composite gels[J]. 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Applied Food Research, 2025, 5(1): 100966., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889495390630051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495399018660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495390630051, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495407407269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495390630051, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1浙江工业大学食品科学与工程学院,浙江杭州 310014)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889495478710438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495487099047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit Post-Production Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Logistic and Processing, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889495495487656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, companyId=1320889495478710438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所,农业农村部果品采后处理重点实验室,全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室,中国轻工业果蔬保鲜与加工重点实验室,浙江杭州 310021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889498351808735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Effects of different factors on the chewiness of composite gel, figureFileSmall=RXqK0bDrXFxe7pJoeRhdXg==, figureFileBig=HeR2T6QsxDfxlgQaHpzydw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498414723296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
不同因素对复合凝胶咀嚼性的影响注:不同小写英文字母表示数据存在显著性差异,P<0.05。
, figureFileSmall=RXqK0bDrXFxe7pJoeRhdXg==, figureFileBig=HeR2T6QsxDfxlgQaHpzydw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498611855585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
SEM of different gels (800×), figureFileSmall=TP14tFa3e4Riz3fL5Fgisg==, figureFileBig=6kwIiax4pLRJF8qeTFDFAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498687353058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同凝胶扫描电镜图(800×)注:A.马铃薯淀粉凝胶;B.椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶;C.豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶;D.豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶。
, figureFileSmall=TP14tFa3e4Riz3fL5Fgisg==, figureFileBig=6kwIiax4pLRJF8qeTFDFAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498767044835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Rheological properties of fruit-vegetable gels, figureFileSmall=vVdcuXTjqu0TJg4cwCdj7g==, figureFileBig=NyvR/jb8tUbaputMGJYTvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498834153700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
果蔬凝胶的流变特性注:A.储存模量;B.损耗模量;C.表观黏度。
, figureFileSmall=vVdcuXTjqu0TJg4cwCdj7g==, figureFileBig=NyvR/jb8tUbaputMGJYTvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498892873957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
LF-NMR relaxation time distribution of different gels, figureFileSmall=HWMi1MECiGx2bFTskmXY5A==, figureFileBig=ktBmHMPXSjVIfpblXwmayQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889498955788518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同凝胶的低场核磁弛豫时间分布, figureFileSmall=HWMi1MECiGx2bFTskmXY5A==, figureFileBig=ktBmHMPXSjVIfpblXwmayQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889499031285991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Sensory qualities of different gels, figureFileSmall=51UtrCiz42iULfThyGzRtA==, figureFileBig=aUq8+LQT0pQqAb/P5y3bgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889499098394856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同凝胶的感官品质注:小写字母不同表示凝胶样品差异显著(P<0.05)。
, figureFileSmall=51UtrCiz42iULfThyGzRtA==, figureFileBig=aUq8+LQT0pQqAb/P5y3bgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889499182280937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Morphology of 3D printed fruit-vegetable gels, figureFileSmall=f5lwA9OgMNhg65AZ9/EJTQ==, figureFileBig=r9Se0D2cYJyrQwbm+99zmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889499261972714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
3D打印果蔬凝胶的形态注:A. 原味凝胶;B. 胡萝卜风味凝胶;C. 紫薯风味凝胶;D. 水蜜桃风味凝胶;E. 菠菜风味凝胶。
, figureFileSmall=f5lwA9OgMNhg65AZ9/EJTQ==, figureFileBig=r9Se0D2cYJyrQwbm+99zmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889499337470187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Sensory evaluation of gels and scoring standard
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官属 性名称 | 评估定义 | 评估方法 | 得分(分) |
|---|
内聚力 (25分) | 样品在舌头上保持聚拢的能力 | 将2.5 mL样品放在舌头上,保持最多4 s;保持直立姿势,下巴水平,舌头放松,评估黏附性 | 黏附性低 (1~10) |
| 黏附性中等(11~19) |
黏附性高 (20~25) |
推进力 (25分) | 舌头移动样品以启动吞咽的能力 | 将样品移向舌头后部,然后吞咽,评估力量 | 需要很少努力(1~10) |
| 需要一些努力(11~19) |
| 需要较大努力(20~25) |
吞咽力 (25分) | 样品在舌头和口腔顶部之间被压下并吞咽时的所需的力量 | 将2.5 mL样品放在舌头上,并在口腔顶部和舌头之间压下,然后吞咽,评估力量 | 所需力量大(1~10) |
| 所需力量中等(11~19) |
| 所需力量小(20~25) |
口腔残留 (25分) | 吞咽后在口腔中检测到的残留物量 | 在评估后吞咽,评估口腔残留物 | 残留物高 (1~10) |
| 残留物适中(11~19) |
残留物少 (20~25) |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499425550572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
凝胶感官指标及其评分标准
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
感官属 性名称 | 评估定义 | 评估方法 | 得分(分) |
|---|
内聚力 (25分) | 样品在舌头上保持聚拢的能力 | 将2.5 mL样品放在舌头上,保持最多4 s;保持直立姿势,下巴水平,舌头放松,评估黏附性 | 黏附性低 (1~10) |
| 黏附性中等(11~19) |
黏附性高 (20~25) |
推进力 (25分) | 舌头移动样品以启动吞咽的能力 | 将样品移向舌头后部,然后吞咽,评估力量 | 需要很少努力(1~10) |
| 需要一些努力(11~19) |
| 需要较大努力(20~25) |
吞咽力 (25分) | 样品在舌头和口腔顶部之间被压下并吞咽时的所需的力量 | 将2.5 mL样品放在舌头上,并在口腔顶部和舌头之间压下,然后吞咽,评估力量 | 所需力量大(1~10) |
| 所需力量中等(11~19) |
| 所需力量小(20~25) |
口腔残留 (25分) | 吞咽后在口腔中检测到的残留物量 | 在评估后吞咽,评估口腔残留物 | 残留物高 (1~10) |
| 残留物适中(11~19) |
残留物少 (20~25) |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499513630957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Texture analysis of different gels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 硬度(N·m−2) | 弹性 | 内聚性 | 胶黏性(J·m−3) | 咀嚼性(N·m−2) | 回复性 |
|---|
| 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 675.28±11.46d | 0.65±0.06c | 0.81±0.05a | 454.78±26.79a | 353.57±16.21d | 0.18±0.06a |
| 椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 873.72±16.39c | 0.68±0.04bc | 0.84±0.05a | 431.66±18.56ab | 494.56±18.36c | 0.26±0.08a |
| 豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 961.47±27.10b | 0.78±0.06ab | 0.87±0.06a | 422.52±20.68ab | 652.60±25.89b | 0.29±0.08a |
| 豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 1062.95±29.07a | 0.80±0.04a | 0.87±0.05a | 400.13±21.66b | 731.01±28.97a | 0.31±0.06a |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499580739822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同凝胶的质构分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 硬度(N·m−2) | 弹性 | 内聚性 | 胶黏性(J·m−3) | 咀嚼性(N·m−2) | 回复性 |
|---|
| 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 675.28±11.46d | 0.65±0.06c | 0.81±0.05a | 454.78±26.79a | 353.57±16.21d | 0.18±0.06a |
| 椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 873.72±16.39c | 0.68±0.04bc | 0.84±0.05a | 431.66±18.56ab | 494.56±18.36c | 0.26±0.08a |
| 豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 961.47±27.10b | 0.78±0.06ab | 0.87±0.06a | 422.52±20.68ab | 652.60±25.89b | 0.29±0.08a |
| 豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 1062.95±29.07a | 0.80±0.04a | 0.87±0.05a | 400.13±21.66b | 731.01±28.97a | 0.31±0.06a |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499652042991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
LF-NMR relaxation parameters of different gels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 弛豫时间(ms) | | 峰面积比例(%) |
|---|
| T21 | T22 | T23 | | A21 | A22 | A23 |
|---|
| 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 4.20±0.12b | 109.70±0.05a | ND | | 4.50±0.03c | 95.50±0.06b | ND |
| 椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 4.62±0.18a | 95.38±0.14b | ND | | 4.20±0.09d | 102.34±0.13a | ND |
| 豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 3.65±0.11c | 95.48±0.02b | ND | | 4.88±0.13b | 95.12±0.09c | ND |
| 豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 2.97±0.08d | 72.33±0.09c | ND | | 6.29±0.21a | 93.71±0.17d | ND |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499714957552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同凝胶的低场核磁弛豫参数
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| 样品 | 弛豫时间(ms) | | 峰面积比例(%) |
|---|
| T21 | T22 | T23 | | A21 | A22 | A23 |
|---|
| 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 4.20±0.12b | 109.70±0.05a | ND | | 4.50±0.03c | 95.50±0.06b | ND |
| 椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 4.62±0.18a | 95.38±0.14b | ND | | 4.20±0.09d | 102.34±0.13a | ND |
| 豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 3.65±0.11c | 95.48±0.02b | ND | | 4.88±0.13b | 95.12±0.09c | ND |
| 豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 2.97±0.08d | 72.33±0.09c | ND | | 6.29±0.21a | 93.71±0.17d | ND |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499786260721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
IDDSI test of different 3D printed gels
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| 样品 | 叉子按压实验 | 勺子倾倒测试 | 餐叉滴落测试 |
|---|
| 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
| 椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
| 豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
| 豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499853369586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
不同凝胶体系的IDDSI测试
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 叉子按压实验 | 勺子倾倒测试 | 餐叉滴落测试 |
|---|
| 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
| 椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
| 豌豆蛋白-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
| 豌豆蛋白-椰子油-马铃薯淀粉凝胶 |  |  |  |  |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499920478451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Size of 3D printed fruit-vegetable gels ''D''
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| 样品 | 长度(mm) | 宽度(mm) | 高度(mm) |
|---|
| 模型参数 | 22.00 | 35.00 | 5.00 |
| 原味凝胶 | 23.92±0.06a | 37.87±0.15a | 5.43±0.04a |
| 菠菜风味凝胶 | 22.93±0.07c | 36.78±0.14b | 5.26±0.05c |
| 水蜜桃风味凝胶 | 22.65±0.06d | 35.13±0.09c | 4.99±0.06d |
| 紫薯风味凝胶 | 23.42±0.08b | 36.77±0.18b | 5.39±0.04b |
| 胡萝卜风味凝胶 | 22.90±0.06c | 35.22±0.11c | 5.37±0.05b |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889499987587316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
3D打印果蔬凝胶“D”的尺寸
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 长度(mm) | 宽度(mm) | 高度(mm) |
|---|
| 模型参数 | 22.00 | 35.00 | 5.00 |
| 原味凝胶 | 23.92±0.06a | 37.87±0.15a | 5.43±0.04a |
| 菠菜风味凝胶 | 22.93±0.07c | 36.78±0.14b | 5.26±0.05c |
| 水蜜桃风味凝胶 | 22.65±0.06d | 35.13±0.09c | 4.99±0.06d |
| 紫薯风味凝胶 | 23.42±0.08b | 36.77±0.18b | 5.39±0.04b |
| 胡萝卜风味凝胶 | 22.90±0.06c | 35.22±0.11c | 5.37±0.05b |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889500050501877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=
Size of 3D printed fruit-vegetable gels ''Dayan Pagoda''
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 长度(mm) | 宽度(mm) | 高度(mm) |
|---|
| 模型参数 | 34.00 | 34.00 | 42.00 |
| 原味凝胶 | 34.78±0.04b | 37.78±0.09b | 41.78±0.17a |
| 菠菜风味凝胶 | 34.23±0.05c | 35.62±0.11d | 40.91±0.10b |
| 水蜜桃风味凝胶 | 34.12±0.07c | 36.45±0.09c | 41.91±0.18a |
| 紫薯风味凝胶 | 35.45±0.04a | 38.91±0.10a | 41.89±0.09a |
| 胡萝卜风味凝胶 | 34.21±0.04c | 37.73±0.12b | 41.74±0.09a |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889500125999350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
3D打印果蔬凝胶“大雁塔”的尺寸
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 样品 | 长度(mm) | 宽度(mm) | 高度(mm) |
|---|
| 模型参数 | 34.00 | 34.00 | 42.00 |
| 原味凝胶 | 34.78±0.04b | 37.78±0.09b | 41.78±0.17a |
| 菠菜风味凝胶 | 34.23±0.05c | 35.62±0.11d | 40.91±0.10b |
| 水蜜桃风味凝胶 | 34.12±0.07c | 36.45±0.09c | 41.91±0.18a |
| 紫薯风味凝胶 | 35.45±0.04a | 38.91±0.10a | 41.89±0.09a |
| 胡萝卜风味凝胶 | 34.21±0.04c | 37.73±0.12b | 41.74±0.09a |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889500218274039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=
Proximate composition of different gels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 营养成分指标 | 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 复合凝胶 | 胡萝卜风味凝胶 | 紫薯风味凝胶 | 水蜜桃风味凝胶 | 菠菜风味凝胶 |
|---|
| 水分(g/100 g FW) | 65.89±0.19a | 60.29±0.78c | 56.62±0.52d | 45.52±0.73e | 63.06±0.33b | 60.77±0.64c |
| 淀粉(g/100 g DW) | 62.55±0.44a | 47.55±0.44b | 41.89±0.19d | 46.77±0.08c | 35.89±0.16e | 41.89±0.19d |
| 蛋白质(g/100 g DW) | 9.06±0.70e | 16.51±0.15c | 18.06±0.41a | 17.15±0.70b | 15.28±0.53e | 16.44±0.58c |
| 脂肪(g/100 g DW) | 2.43±0.01d | 13.60±0.28a | 11.43±0.01b | 10.42±0.81c | 10.26±0.06c | 11.03±0.25b |
| 膳食纤维(g/100 g DW) | 6.40±0.22c | 10.31±0.09d | 13.48±0.22b | 15.95±0.57a | 11.05±0.61c | 15.88±0.46a |
| 灰分(g/100 g DW) | 1.69±0.04f | 2.71±0.12e | 3.47±0.73d | 5.62±0.64a | 4.31±0.25c | 5.06±0.19b |
), ArticleFig(id=1320889500293771512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889489522798706, language=CN, label=表7, caption=
不同凝胶的基本营养成分
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 营养成分指标 | 马铃薯淀粉凝胶 | 复合凝胶 | 胡萝卜风味凝胶 | 紫薯风味凝胶 | 水蜜桃风味凝胶 | 菠菜风味凝胶 |
|---|
| 水分(g/100 g FW) | 65.89±0.19a | 60.29±0.78c | 56.62±0.52d | 45.52±0.73e | 63.06±0.33b | 60.77±0.64c |
| 淀粉(g/100 g DW) | 62.55±0.44a | 47.55±0.44b | 41.89±0.19d | 46.77±0.08c | 35.89±0.16e | 41.89±0.19d |
| 蛋白质(g/100 g DW) | 9.06±0.70e | 16.51±0.15c | 18.06±0.41a | 17.15±0.70b | 15.28±0.53e | 16.44±0.58c |
| 脂肪(g/100 g DW) | 2.43±0.01d | 13.60±0.28a | 11.43±0.01b | 10.42±0.81c | 10.26±0.06c | 11.03±0.25b |
| 膳食纤维(g/100 g DW) | 6.40±0.22c | 10.31±0.09d | 13.48±0.22b | 15.95±0.57a | 11.05±0.61c | 15.88±0.46a |
| 灰分(g/100 g DW) | 1.69±0.04f | 2.71±0.12e | 3.47±0.73d | 5.62±0.64a | 4.31±0.25c | 5.06±0.19b |
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