Article(id=1320886595385934442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040336, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853505225, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853505225, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853505225, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853505225, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=167, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886595859890796, articleId=1320886595385934442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Preparation of Selenium-enriched Probiotic Fermented Milk and Evaluation of Its Selenium Enrichment Capacity and Flavor Compounds, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To prepare a selenium-enriched probiotic fermented milk, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20, a selenium-enriching strain isolated in our laboratory, was employed to ferment milk at 42 ℃ for 12 hours. The physicochemical indexes, selenium content, flavor compounds and some other indicators of the prepared fermented milk were systematically evaluated. Four experimental treatments were conducted as follows: SF group was performed using commercially available L. paracasei. BF group was performed using L. paracasei SCFF20 alone. XF group was performed using L. paracasei SCFF20 and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), and YF group was performed using L. paracasei SCFF20 and sodium selenite. Results showed that the XF group exhibited significantly higher Se(0) content (4.05±0.01 mg) and a* value (1.30±0.02) compared to other groups (P<0.05), demonstrating L. paracasei SCFF20's ability to selenium biotransformation and its synergistic effect with SeNPs during milk fermentation. Furthermore, electronic nose and GC-MS analysis indicated that both L. paracasei SCFF20 and commercial L. paracasei contributed esters, alcohols and aldehydes to the flavor profile of the fermented milk. Notably, the XF group showed enhanced flavor diversity, particularly in esters and acids compared to the SF group. Therefore, the incorporation of L. paracasei SCFF20 with SeNPs markedly improved both the selenium content and flavor complexity in the fermented milk. This study provides a theoretical basis for research on biogenic selenium-enriched fermented milk and its related product development.

, authors=Lujun HU1, Rui LIN1, Yulan CAO1, Man LIN1, Yuan ZHANG1, Yutong LI1, Dake XIONG1, Teng XU1, *, Zhifeng ZHAO1, 2, authorsList=Lujun HU, Rui LIN, Yulan CAO, Man LIN, Yuan ZHANG, Yutong LI, Dake XIONG, Teng XU, Zhifeng ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Teng XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886599978697335, articleId=1320886595385934442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=富硒益生菌发酵乳的制备及其富硒能力和风味物质评价, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为开发一款富硒益生菌发酵乳,本研究以本实验室筛选的具有富硒能力的副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20)于42 ℃条件下发酵牛乳12 h,并对制备的发酵乳理化指标、硒含量、风味物质等指标进行评价。本研究共设置4个实验组:SF组采用市售副干酪乳酪杆菌,BF组采用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20,XF组采用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和纳米硒颗粒(SeNPs),YF组采用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和亚硒酸钠。结果发现,XF组的Se(0)累积量(4.05±0.01 mg)和a*值(1.30±0.02)显著优于其他组(P<0.05),表明L. paracasei SCFF20发酵制备的发酵乳能有效富硒,且L. paracasei SCFF20和SeNPs在发酵牛乳过程中表现出协同效应。此外,电子鼻和GC-MS对风味物质检测结果显示,L. paracasei SCFF20和市售L. paracasei都能为发酵乳增添酯类、醇类和醛类等风味物质,且XF组产生的风味物质多样性优于SF组,主要体现在酯类和酸类。因此,L. paracasei SCFF20和SeNPs协同改善了发酵乳的硒含量及风味物质。本研究为富硒发酵乳的研究及其相关产品开发提供一定的理论指导。

, authors=胡陆军1, 林锐1, 曹雨澜1, 林曼1, 张媛1, 李遇彤1, 熊大可1, 徐腾1, *, 赵志峰1, 2, authorsList=胡陆军, 林锐, 曹雨澜, 林曼, 张媛, 李遇彤, 熊大可, 徐腾, 赵志峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐腾, authorNote=

胡陆军(1984−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐腾(1991−),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品化学,E-mail:。
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China Condiment, 2024, 49(1): 40−47., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320886953743077541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886953751466150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, companyId=1320886953743077541, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Food and Liquor Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886953755660455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, companyId=1320886953743077541, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1四川轻化工大学食品与酿酒工程学院,四川宜宾 644002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320886953814380712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886953818575017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, companyId=1320886953814380712, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320886953826963626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, companyId=1320886953814380712, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都 610040)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320886958402949347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Preparation process of the fermented milk base, figureFileSmall=tuNDMQddcthokJVuttfMFg==, figureFileBig=YutIi84ns632+tdh1aggNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886958470058212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=图1, caption=发酵乳基的制备流程, figureFileSmall=tuNDMQddcthokJVuttfMFg==, figureFileBig=YutIi84ns632+tdh1aggNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886958558138597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Technological process of the fermented milk with live cultures, figureFileSmall=vPL/FHhwDtnbSPuTN+VWfg==, figureFileBig=EyEZGHKfiitnJROJCQjqvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960214888678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=图2, caption=活菌型发酵乳的工艺流程, figureFileSmall=vPL/FHhwDtnbSPuTN+VWfg==, figureFileBig=EyEZGHKfiitnJROJCQjqvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960286191847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of elemental selenium Se(0) content in the fermented milk, figureFileSmall=lqjz8+l6hkY7PSEf4wsaJA==, figureFileBig=AqHRfvsRyVsyVKceGQGMKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960349106408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=图3, caption=发酵乳单质硒Se(0)含量结果

注:SF组为市售副干酪乳酪杆菌;BF组为副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20;XF组为SeNPs颗粒+副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20;YF组为亚硒酸钠+副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20;不同小写字母表示显著性差异,P<0.05,图4同。

, figureFileSmall=lqjz8+l6hkY7PSEf4wsaJA==, figureFileBig=AqHRfvsRyVsyVKceGQGMKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960416215273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of total selenium concentration in the fermented milk, figureFileSmall=FcNSClaU+2RyRG01e2tKVQ==, figureFileBig=9OywhwbVjCO3dNg6nvEKxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960487518442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=图4, caption=发酵乳总硒浓度对比, figureFileSmall=FcNSClaU+2RyRG01e2tKVQ==, figureFileBig=9OywhwbVjCO3dNg6nvEKxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960554627307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Principal component analysis of volatile flavor components in the fermented milk, figureFileSmall=/NsjS976E0R2NioYTTEk4Q==, figureFileBig=4Ddx6kflZZjcp5+G1FYusg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960617541868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=图5, caption=发酵乳挥发性风味成分主成分分析

注:SF组为市售副干酪乳酪杆菌;BF组为副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20;XF组为SeNPs颗粒+副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20;YF组为亚硒酸钠+副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20;NR组为新鲜牛乳组。

, figureFileSmall=/NsjS976E0R2NioYTTEk4Q==, figureFileBig=4Ddx6kflZZjcp5+G1FYusg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886960684650733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Treatment methods of four experimental groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别组成处理方式
SF组市售副干酪乳酪杆菌+牛乳取活化后的市售副干酪乳酪杆菌培养,通过离心(8000 r/min)收集菌体沉淀,无菌生理盐水清洗3次后添加到新鲜牛乳中,副干酪乳酪杆菌浓度108 CFU/mL。
BF组副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+牛乳取活化后副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20培养,通过离心(8000 r/min)收集菌体沉淀,无菌生理盐水清洗3次后添加到新鲜牛乳中进行发酵,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20浓度108 CFU/mL。
XF组副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+SeNPs+牛乳按照优化后的培养方法(温度 37 ℃,振荡速度 180 r/min,胁迫时间 24 h,接种量 3%,亚硒酸钠浓度120 μg/mL)[13]制备出含SeNPs的菌悬液,先通过离心(8000 r/min)去除菌体,再通过离心(12000 r/min)收集SeNPs颗粒,无菌生理盐水清洗3次去除亚硒酸钠溶液,再添加到新鲜牛乳中进行发酵,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20浓度108 CFU/mL。
YF组副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+亚硒酸钠+牛乳接入副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20(108 CFU/mL)到新鲜牛乳中6 h后,再添加亚硒酸钠进行共同发酵。
), ArticleFig(id=1320886960751759598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四个实验组的处理方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别组成处理方式
SF组市售副干酪乳酪杆菌+牛乳取活化后的市售副干酪乳酪杆菌培养,通过离心(8000 r/min)收集菌体沉淀,无菌生理盐水清洗3次后添加到新鲜牛乳中,副干酪乳酪杆菌浓度108 CFU/mL。
BF组副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+牛乳取活化后副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20培养,通过离心(8000 r/min)收集菌体沉淀,无菌生理盐水清洗3次后添加到新鲜牛乳中进行发酵,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20浓度108 CFU/mL。
XF组副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+SeNPs+牛乳按照优化后的培养方法(温度 37 ℃,振荡速度 180 r/min,胁迫时间 24 h,接种量 3%,亚硒酸钠浓度120 μg/mL)[13]制备出含SeNPs的菌悬液,先通过离心(8000 r/min)去除菌体,再通过离心(12000 r/min)收集SeNPs颗粒,无菌生理盐水清洗3次去除亚硒酸钠溶液,再添加到新鲜牛乳中进行发酵,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20浓度108 CFU/mL。
YF组副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+亚硒酸钠+牛乳接入副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20(108 CFU/mL)到新鲜牛乳中6 h后,再添加亚硒酸钠进行共同发酵。
), ArticleFig(id=1320886960835645679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Types of sensitive substances of electronic nose sensors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号传感器类型
S1氨、胺类化合物
S2硫化氢、硫磺
S3氢
S4醇类、有机溶剂
S5食品烹饪过程中的挥发性气体
S6甲烷、沼气、碳氢化合物
S7易燃性气体
S8VOC挥发性有机物(用于环境空气污染检测)
S9氢氧化物、汽油、煤油
S10烷烃、可燃性气体
S11芳香族化合物
S12硫化物
S13甾醇、三萜类
S14内酯、吡嗪
), ArticleFig(id=1320886960902754544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

电子鼻传感器敏感物质类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号传感器类型
S1氨、胺类化合物
S2硫化氢、硫磺
S3氢
S4醇类、有机溶剂
S5食品烹饪过程中的挥发性气体
S6甲烷、沼气、碳氢化合物
S7易燃性气体
S8VOC挥发性有机物(用于环境空气污染检测)
S9氢氧化物、汽油、煤油
S10烷烃、可燃性气体
S11芳香族化合物
S12硫化物
S13甾醇、三萜类
S14内酯、吡嗪
), ArticleFig(id=1320886960969863409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes of pH, titratable acidity, viscosity and total bacterial count with time in the fermented milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别发酵0 h发酵3 h发酵6 h发酵9 h发酵11 h发酵12 h后熟12 h
pHSF6.923±0.005a6.677±0.005b5.957±0.014b5.513±0.010c5.057±0.007d4.823±0.005e4.793±0.003f
BF6.923±0.003a6.397±0.007b5.683±0.012c4.927±0.031d4.870±0.005d4.723±0.003e4.660±0.004f
XF6.923±0.005a6.427±0.007b5.667±0.003c4.850±0.005d4.593±0.007e4.483±0.007f4.370±0.012g
YF6.923±0.003a6.383±0.012b5.820±0.005c5.483±0.003d5.147±0.005d4.847±0.021e4.710±0.009f
可滴定酸度(g/L)SF0.887±0.010f2.626±0.022e2.691±0.035de2.770±0.024d3.445±0.045c3.833±0.039b4.050±0.019a
BF0.887±0.010f2.512±0.010e2.746±0.014d2.720±0.019d3.174±0.014c4.339±0.036b4.692±0.037a
XF0.887±0.010f2.534±0.025e2.809±0.023d2.846±0.044d4.437±0.029c5.411±0.079b5.721±0.129a
YF0.887±0.010e2.859±0.019d2.853±0.005d2.871±0.005d3.028±0.021c3.552±0.010b3.916±0.015a
黏度(mPa·s)SF25.22±0.43e25.30±0.24e25.78±0.46e29.47±0.79d60.77±1.30c79.37±0.21b86.44±0.19a
BF25.22±0.43e26.90±0.53e25.46±0.46e29.71±0.90d62.37±0.88c94.07±0.20b138.89±0.37a
XF25.22±0.43e27.34±0.25e27.38±0.27e46.20±0.80d99.05±0.23c163.10±0.15b217.00±3.54a
YF25.22±0.43f28.91±0.47e25.62±0.97f38.18±0.24d45.86±0.52c74.67±0.51b120.19±0.30a
活菌数(lg (CFU/mL))SF8.107±0.003f8.327±0.003e8.593±0.020d9.183±0.006c10.260±0.005b10.523±0.008a10.499±0.005a
BF8.109±0.005e9.431±0.016d10.139±0.023c10.488±0.013b10.510±0.008b10.600±0.003a10.590±0.004a
XF8.124±0.008f9.353±0.011e10.117±0.013d10.496±0.003c10.587±0.003b10.623±0.005a10.6250.003a
YF8.113±0.010g9.482±0.010d10.146±0.006c10.493±0.009a10.451±0.006b9.182±0.006e9.090±0.013f
), ArticleFig(id=1320886961087303922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

发酵乳pH、可滴定酸度、黏度和菌落总数随时间的变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别发酵0 h发酵3 h发酵6 h发酵9 h发酵11 h发酵12 h后熟12 h
pHSF6.923±0.005a6.677±0.005b5.957±0.014b5.513±0.010c5.057±0.007d4.823±0.005e4.793±0.003f
BF6.923±0.003a6.397±0.007b5.683±0.012c4.927±0.031d4.870±0.005d4.723±0.003e4.660±0.004f
XF6.923±0.005a6.427±0.007b5.667±0.003c4.850±0.005d4.593±0.007e4.483±0.007f4.370±0.012g
YF6.923±0.003a6.383±0.012b5.820±0.005c5.483±0.003d5.147±0.005d4.847±0.021e4.710±0.009f
可滴定酸度(g/L)SF0.887±0.010f2.626±0.022e2.691±0.035de2.770±0.024d3.445±0.045c3.833±0.039b4.050±0.019a
BF0.887±0.010f2.512±0.010e2.746±0.014d2.720±0.019d3.174±0.014c4.339±0.036b4.692±0.037a
XF0.887±0.010f2.534±0.025e2.809±0.023d2.846±0.044d4.437±0.029c5.411±0.079b5.721±0.129a
YF0.887±0.010e2.859±0.019d2.853±0.005d2.871±0.005d3.028±0.021c3.552±0.010b3.916±0.015a
黏度(mPa·s)SF25.22±0.43e25.30±0.24e25.78±0.46e29.47±0.79d60.77±1.30c79.37±0.21b86.44±0.19a
BF25.22±0.43e26.90±0.53e25.46±0.46e29.71±0.90d62.37±0.88c94.07±0.20b138.89±0.37a
XF25.22±0.43e27.34±0.25e27.38±0.27e46.20±0.80d99.05±0.23c163.10±0.15b217.00±3.54a
YF25.22±0.43f28.91±0.47e25.62±0.97f38.18±0.24d45.86±0.52c74.67±0.51b120.19±0.30a
活菌数(lg (CFU/mL))SF8.107±0.003f8.327±0.003e8.593±0.020d9.183±0.006c10.260±0.005b10.523±0.008a10.499±0.005a
BF8.109±0.005e9.431±0.016d10.139±0.023c10.488±0.013b10.510±0.008b10.600±0.003a10.590±0.004a
XF8.124±0.008f9.353±0.011e10.117±0.013d10.496±0.003c10.587±0.003b10.623±0.005a10.6250.003a
YF8.113±0.010g9.482±0.010d10.146±0.006c10.493±0.009a10.451±0.006b9.182±0.006e9.090±0.013f
), ArticleFig(id=1320886961192161523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Chromatic aberration of the fermented milk based on the value of L*, a*, b*, and ΔE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别L*a*b*ΔΕ
SF组1.13±0.01a0.23±0.00c1.50±0.02a1.89±0.02a
BF组0.82±0.01b0.24±0.01c1.42±0.00b1.66±0.01b
XF组0.57±0.01d1.30±0.02a1.26±0.01d1.90±0.02a
YF组0.61±0.01c1.19±0.01b1.33±0.01c1.89±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886961292824820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基于L*、a*、b*和ΔE值的发酵乳色差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别L*a*b*ΔΕ
SF组1.13±0.01a0.23±0.00c1.50±0.02a1.89±0.02a
BF组0.82±0.01b0.24±0.01c1.42±0.00b1.66±0.01b
XF组0.57±0.01d1.30±0.02a1.26±0.01d1.90±0.02a
YF组0.61±0.01c1.19±0.01b1.33±0.01c1.89±0.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886961410265333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of volatile flavor substances in the fermented milk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类CAS编号保留时间(min)物质含量(ng/kg)
SFBFXFYFNR
酯类
乙酸乙酯141-78-63.40532.86395.83109.83566.31−
二甲氧基乙酸甲酯89-91-88.6196.6557.76281.04417.41−
正己酸乙酯123-66-014.42227.77441.7033.38107.87284.17
棕榈酸乙酯628-97-736.04273.22100.23663.29126.63−
醇类
D-氨基丙醇35320-23-11.37369.35316.83185.20316.57195.18
异戊醇123-51-313.4794.5684.0921.54−−
苯乙醇60-12-831.1748.5844.1759.22177.05−
酸类
2,3-二羟基丙酸473-81-48.77−2869.355239.564926.82−
酮类
3-羟基-2-丁酮513-86-013.25−−−148.91−
醛类
糠醛98-00-021.7−−359.64269.67
烷烃类
1,4,7,10,13-五氧环十五烷188.5940.5859.46214.28−−−
其他
4-甲硫基丁腈59121-24-32.08148.37253.98183.05216.91−
甲基异脲硫酸盐29427-58-51.4339.1855.2132.3046.90151.33
八(乙二醇)一(十二烷基)醚3055-98-926.3−−−−254.94
甲基肼60-34-44.47198.52798.46369.331214.70395.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320886961527705846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886595385934442, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

发酵乳挥发性风味物质对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类CAS编号保留时间(min)物质含量(ng/kg)
SFBFXFYFNR
酯类
乙酸乙酯141-78-63.40532.86395.83109.83566.31−
二甲氧基乙酸甲酯89-91-88.6196.6557.76281.04417.41−
正己酸乙酯123-66-014.42227.77441.7033.38107.87284.17
棕榈酸乙酯628-97-736.04273.22100.23663.29126.63−
醇类
D-氨基丙醇35320-23-11.37369.35316.83185.20316.57195.18
异戊醇123-51-313.4794.5684.0921.54−−
苯乙醇60-12-831.1748.5844.1759.22177.05−
酸类
2,3-二羟基丙酸473-81-48.77−2869.355239.564926.82−
酮类
3-羟基-2-丁酮513-86-013.25−−−148.91−
醛类
糠醛98-00-021.7−−359.64269.67
烷烃类
1,4,7,10,13-五氧环十五烷188.5940.5859.46214.28−−−
其他
4-甲硫基丁腈59121-24-32.08148.37253.98183.05216.91−
甲基异脲硫酸盐29427-58-51.4339.1855.2132.3046.90151.33
八(乙二醇)一(十二烷基)醚3055-98-926.3−−−−254.94
甲基肼60-34-44.47198.52798.46369.331214.70395.52
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富硒益生菌发酵乳的制备及其富硒能力和风味物质评价
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胡陆军 1 , 林锐 1 , 曹雨澜 1 , 林曼 1 , 张媛 1 , 李遇彤 1 , 熊大可 1 , 徐腾 1, * , 赵志峰 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(10): 167-174
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (10) : 167 -174
富硒益生菌发酵乳的制备及其富硒能力和风味物质评价
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胡陆军1 , 林锐1, 曹雨澜1, 林曼1, 张媛1, 李遇彤1, 熊大可1, 徐腾1, * , 赵志峰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1四川轻化工大学食品与酿酒工程学院,四川宜宾 644002
  • 2四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都 610040
通讯作者:
徐腾(1991−),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

胡陆军(1984−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:

Preparation of Selenium-enriched Probiotic Fermented Milk and Evaluation of Its Selenium Enrichment Capacity and Flavor Compounds
Lujun HU1 , Rui LIN1, Yulan CAO1, Man LIN1, Yuan ZHANG1, Yutong LI1, Dake XIONG1, Teng XU1, * , Zhifeng ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food and Liquor Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
  • 2College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610040, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040336
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为开发一款富硒益生菌发酵乳,本研究以本实验室筛选的具有富硒能力的副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20)于42 ℃条件下发酵牛乳12 h,并对制备的发酵乳理化指标、硒含量、风味物质等指标进行评价。本研究共设置4个实验组:SF组采用市售副干酪乳酪杆菌,BF组采用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20,XF组采用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和纳米硒颗粒(SeNPs),YF组采用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和亚硒酸钠。结果发现,XF组的Se(0)累积量(4.05±0.01 mg)和a*值(1.30±0.02)显著优于其他组(P<0.05),表明L. paracasei SCFF20发酵制备的发酵乳能有效富硒,且L. paracasei SCFF20和SeNPs在发酵牛乳过程中表现出协同效应。此外,电子鼻和GC-MS对风味物质检测结果显示,L. paracasei SCFF20和市售L. paracasei都能为发酵乳增添酯类、醇类和醛类等风味物质,且XF组产生的风味物质多样性优于SF组,主要体现在酯类和酸类。因此,L. paracasei SCFF20和SeNPs协同改善了发酵乳的硒含量及风味物质。本研究为富硒发酵乳的研究及其相关产品开发提供一定的理论指导。

生物源硒  /  发酵乳  /  风味物质  /  品质分析  /  副干酪乳酪杆菌

To prepare a selenium-enriched probiotic fermented milk, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20, a selenium-enriching strain isolated in our laboratory, was employed to ferment milk at 42 ℃ for 12 hours. The physicochemical indexes, selenium content, flavor compounds and some other indicators of the prepared fermented milk were systematically evaluated. Four experimental treatments were conducted as follows: SF group was performed using commercially available L. paracasei. BF group was performed using L. paracasei SCFF20 alone. XF group was performed using L. paracasei SCFF20 and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), and YF group was performed using L. paracasei SCFF20 and sodium selenite. Results showed that the XF group exhibited significantly higher Se(0) content (4.05±0.01 mg) and a* value (1.30±0.02) compared to other groups (P<0.05), demonstrating L. paracasei SCFF20's ability to selenium biotransformation and its synergistic effect with SeNPs during milk fermentation. Furthermore, electronic nose and GC-MS analysis indicated that both L. paracasei SCFF20 and commercial L. paracasei contributed esters, alcohols and aldehydes to the flavor profile of the fermented milk. Notably, the XF group showed enhanced flavor diversity, particularly in esters and acids compared to the SF group. Therefore, the incorporation of L. paracasei SCFF20 with SeNPs markedly improved both the selenium content and flavor complexity in the fermented milk. This study provides a theoretical basis for research on biogenic selenium-enriched fermented milk and its related product development.

biogenic selenium  /  fermented milk  /  flavor substances  /  quality analysis  /  Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
胡陆军, 林锐, 曹雨澜, 林曼, 张媛, 李遇彤, 熊大可, 徐腾, 赵志峰. 富硒益生菌发酵乳的制备及其富硒能力和风味物质评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 167 -174 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040336
Lujun HU, Rui LIN, Yulan CAO, Man LIN, Yuan ZHANG, Yutong LI, Dake XIONG, Teng XU, Zhifeng ZHAO. Preparation of Selenium-enriched Probiotic Fermented Milk and Evaluation of Its Selenium Enrichment Capacity and Flavor Compounds[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 167 -174 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040336
硒是人体必需的微量元素,缺硒可能会造成人体神经退行性病变、癌症、免疫功能障碍、心血管疾病、甲状腺功能减退和男性不育等多种疾病[1−2]。硒在自然界分布极不均匀,我国约三分之二的地区处在无硒或低硒地带[3]。硒分为有机硒(如硒蛋白、硒代氨基酸)和无机硒(如硒酸盐、亚硒酸盐)两种形式,无机硒水溶性高,毒性大,生物利用率低;而有机硒毒性较无机硒小且生物利用率高[4]。纳米硒(SeNPs)是目前最安全的有机补硒剂,具有较高的生物利用度和较低的毒性,被认为是一种新型且有前景的人类营养添加剂[5−6]。
益生菌是公认的食品加工中常用的安全微生物(GRAS),其合成SeNPs的特性引起研究者广泛关注[7−8]。益生菌合成SeNPs被认为是一种绿色生物制造过程[9−10],而且可以最大限度地减少化学前体产生的环境污染和潜在影响健康的问题[11]。不仅如此,许多益生菌可以在胃肠道中存活和定植,从而更易于将有益的生物活性分子(如SeNPs)运送到人体并发挥作用[12]。研究表明,益生菌将亚硒酸盐转化为SeNPs的机制主要包括三个阶段[13]:首先,亚硒酸盐经细胞膜转运进入细胞内;其次,亚硒酸盐在细胞内被还原;最后,Se0组装形成 SeNPs。目前,许多研究利用微生物将无机硒转化为有机硒[14]、益生菌富硒发酵或在生产过程中添加富硒物质[15]等方法制备富硒发酵乳制品。富硒发酵乳在保留牛乳自身营养价值的同时,又具备了发酵制品独有的风味、保健益生功效以及富硒特性,这进一步拓展了乳酸菌的性能,也有助于开发新型功能食品和膳食硒补充剂。此外,活菌型发酵乳饮品因其补水性和便携性逐渐受到广泛关注,且目前国内对活菌型富硒发酵乳饮品的开发和研究还较少[15]。同时,目前尚未见将亚硒酸钠和纳米硒在活菌型发酵乳中进行系统对比研究的报道。
本实验室前期研究发现副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20(Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20)可以将亚硒酸钠还原为SeNPs,且具有较强的富硒能力[16]。基于此,本研究利用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20发酵制备生物源硒益生菌发酵乳,探究亚硒酸钠和不同形态的硒对发酵乳色差、单质硒含量、总硒含量以及挥发性风味成分的影响。本研究旨在开发一款富硒活菌型发酵乳饮品,为缺硒人群提供一种安全有效的补硒产品,为活菌型富硒发酵乳的理论研究及其产品开发提供依据。
新鲜牛乳 四川省宜宾市优友特乳业有限公司;副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20 (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SCFF20) 四川轻化工大学食品微生物菌种保藏中心;L. paracasei 西安聚生原生物科技有限公司;MRS 培养基 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;白砂糖 上海枫末实业有限公司;三聚磷酸钠(分析纯) 河南万邦化工科技有限公司;硝酸、过氧化氢 分析纯,成都市科隆化学品有限公司;九水硫化钠(分析纯) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;庚酸甲酯(色谱纯) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;亚硒酸钠(分析纯) 成都西亚化工股份有限公司。
BSC-250恒温恒湿培养箱 上海博迅实业有限公司;DZKW-4电热恒温水浴锅 北京中兴伟业世纪仪器有限公司;YC-330L医用冷藏箱 中科美菱低温科技股份有限公司;SW-CJ-2FD超净工作台 上海泰坦科技股份有限公司;立式压力蒸汽灭菌器(MVS-83) 冰山松洋生物科技(大连)有限公司;台式高速冷冻离心机 大龙兴创实验仪器(北京)股份公司;PHS-10pH计 成都世纪方舟科技有限公司;ETT-CP5000旋转流变仪 广州来美科技有限公司;UltraScan VIS色差仪 美国HunterLab;UV-1601紫外分光光度计 北京北分瑞利分析仪器有限责任公司;Optima8000型ICP-OES发射光谱仪 美国PerkinElmer;iNose电子鼻 上海瑞玢国际贸易有限公司;TSQ8000气相色谱-质谱联用仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司。
发酵乳基制备前先将发酵剂(副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和市售副干酪乳酪杆菌)利用MRS液体培养基活化后涂布平板,挑取单菌落接入MRS液体培养基中制备种子悬液备用。发酵乳基制备工艺流程如图1所示,其制备过程参考Kumar等[17]和Rosa等[18]的方法,并稍作修改。首先进行原辅料的准备,往新鲜牛乳中加入2%白砂糖,85 ℃灭菌20 min后冷却,然后接入发酵剂(108 CFU/mL)进行发酵。本研究共设置4个实验组分别为:市售副干酪乳酪杆菌组(SF组)、副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20组(BF组)、副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20+SeNPs组(XF组)、副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20组+亚硒酸钠组(YF组)(表1)。发酵温度设置为42 ℃,当pH到达4.6~4.7时停止发酵,接种后0、3、6、9和12 h分别取样测定测定发酵乳的酸度、pH、活菌数和黏度。发酵结束后,置于4 ℃条件下后熟12 h。
如图2所示,在60 ℃的无菌水中依次加入三聚磷酸钠(0.3%)和白砂糖(10%)并搅拌均匀,于85 ℃灭菌20 min,冷却后加入熟化后的奶基(50%),搅拌均匀备用。分析活菌型发酵乳的理化指标:色差、单质硒含量、总硒含量、挥发性风味成分和嗅觉分析等指标。
接种发酵剂后的发酵乳每隔3 h测定pH、可滴定酸度、黏度和菌落总数。准确吸取10 mL发酵奶基,用校正后的pH计测定pH;根据齐新阳[19]的方法并加以修改进行黏度分析,吸取25 mL发酵奶基,并以吹打的方式进行均质,然后将样品置于流变仪平台上进行黏度分析。测试条件为:剪切速率设置为20 s−1,运行温度设置为20 ℃,运行时间设置为10 s。可滴定酸度和菌落总数计数参照Chen等[20]的方法,取15 mL发酵奶基进行可滴定酸度的测定,将发酵奶基稀释涂布后进行菌落计数(CFU/mL)。
将模式类型设置为TTRAB-总透射,观察面积选择0.375 mm进行色差仪的校正。校正完毕后吸取25 mL发酵乳于40 mm大面通光的石英比色皿中,使用移液枪将样品吹打均匀,以新鲜牛乳作为空白对照样,发酵乳作为测试样,对样品色差进行测定并记录L*、b*、a*和∆E值。∆E值带入公式(1)进行计算,色差值代表颜色间的距离。
$ \Delta {E}=\sqrt{{\Delta L}^{\text{*}}+{\Delta a}^{\text{*}}+{\Delta b}^{\text{*}}} $
单质硒Se(0)含量的测定根据Biswas等[21]的方法,采用黑色粉末状单质硒粉作为单质硒的标准绘制硒含量标准曲线(y=0.00534x+0.00154,R2=0.998,其中,y表示吸光度OD500 nm;x表示Se(0)含量(mg))。将菌株富硒培养后,通过8000 r/min离心10 min收集细菌培养物和Se(0)。然后用0.9%的氯化钠溶液洗涤两次,再将沉淀中的红色单质硒重悬在15 mL硫化钠(1 mol/L)中,振荡均匀。随后,离心除去细菌沉淀,上清液用紫外分光光度计测量红棕色溶液的吸光度(OD500 nm)。
根据Martínez等[22]的方法,测定发酵乳中的Se浓度。使用含有2 mL浓HNO3和1 mL 30%(v/v)H2O2的坩埚反应容器,对获得的SeNPs进行酸消解。冷却后,用超纯水将所得溶液稀释至100 mL,并使用电感耦合等离子体(ICP-OES)定量分析Se(0)浓度。ICP-OES分析硒元素所用气体为高纯液氩,功率1150 W,雾化气流量0.55 L/min,泵速45 r/min,冷却气流量12.5 L/min,辅助气流量0.50 L/min,硒元素分析波长196.090 nm。硒还原率计算采用公式(2)计算:
$ \mathrm{硒还原率(\text{%})=(m}_{ \mathrm{1}} \mathrm{/m}_{ \mathrm{2}} \mathrm{)\times 100} $
式中:m1为SeNPs中硒含量,mg/kg;m2为Na2SeO3中硒含量,mg/kg。
利用电子鼻对发酵乳中挥发性风味物质进行测定[23],电子鼻传感器敏感物质类型如表2所示。吸取10 mL发酵乳于顶空瓶中,用保鲜膜密封后手动进样,平行测定3次取平均值。测定参数:传感器清洗时间120 s,数据调零时间10 s,数据采集时间60 s,流量0.5 L/min。
发酵乳中挥发性风味物质采用GC-MS进行测定[24]。吸取10 mL发酵乳样品置于25 mL顶空瓶中,以庚酸甲酯为内标物质(浓度1%,v/v),50 ℃预热10 min,将50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS固相微萃取针头插入顶空瓶,于50 ℃下固相吸附30 min,于250 ℃进样口解吸5 min。使用条件:载气采用高纯氦气(>99.99%),恒定流速1.0 mL/min。初始温度在35 ℃条件下保持5 min,以5 ℃/min的速度升至140 ℃,保持5 min,再以10 ℃/min的速度升至250 ℃,然后在此温度下保持3 min。质谱MS条件为:电子电离能70 eV,离子源温度280 ℃,全扫描模式扫描范围m/z 40~400。
将庚酸甲酯作为内标物加入发酵样品中,采用峰面积归一化法计算所有组分的相对峰面积比。样品中各组分风味物质的浓度代入公式(3)计算:
$\rm Ci= \frac{\text{Ai}}{\text{As}}\times Cs $
式中,Ci为试验样品中各挥发性风味化合物的质量浓度,ng/kg;Cs为庚酸甲酯的质量浓度,ng/kg;Ai为样品中待测物质对应的色谱峰面积;As为内标物庚酸甲酯的色谱峰面积。
采用IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件进行数据分析,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)和 Duncan法进行差异分析,P<0.05 时表示差异显著。试验均重复3次,结果以平均值(x)±标准偏差(SD)表示,利用 GraphPad Prism 6.0 绘图。
一般而言,典型发酵乳的成熟终点pH处于4.6~4.8[25]。四组发酵乳的理化参数动态变化如表3所示,经过12 h发酵后,SF、BF、XF和YF四组发酵乳的pH均接近成熟期。在整个发酵期间四组样品的pH总体呈下降趋势,其中XF组的pH下降趋势远超其他三组发酵乳,且XF组的可滴定酸度和黏度也均高于其他发酵乳。据Lee等[26]报道,发酵乳中酸度的降低与乳酸菌将乳糖发酵成乳酸有关,发酵乳的低pH和高酸化会导致酪蛋白在其等电点附近发生凝集,随着pH的降低和可滴定酸度的增加,发酵乳进一步发生凝胶收缩、孔隙率增大、自然脱水,从而析出乳清。结果发现,SeNPs的存在不会影响副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20的发酵活性,并且能够产生大量乳酸,有效降低发酵乳的pH和提高可滴定酸度。研究发现,发酵乳制品在后熟的储存过程中可能会继续酸化[27],表3也可以看出,四组发酵乳在后熟阶段pH仍在下降,酸度值升高。pH和可滴定酸度与黏度高度关联,从表3可以看出,发酵9 h后四组发酵乳黏度逐渐升高,可能是pH的降低和可滴定酸度的升高,使得发酵乳的pH接近酪蛋白等电点开始出现凝聚现象。发酵乳菌落总数分析的结果显示(表3),各组发酵乳发酵终点活菌数都保持在108 CFU/mL以上。由于糖源的消耗和酸度增加带来的抑制作用[28],SF组在0~11 h内增长迅速,随后增长缓慢,BF组和XF组从0~9 h增长迅速,从9~12 h趋于平稳,而YF组可能由于亚硒酸钠的毒害作用导致活菌数在发酵9 h后开始下降(表3)。
综上所述,随着发酵时间的延长,发酵乳pH呈下降趋势,可滴定酸度、黏度和活菌数大体均呈上升趋势,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20的产乳酸发酵能力优于市售副干酪乳酪杆菌,且SeNPs的添加可以促进副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20的发酵活性,能够率先到达发酵终点,而亚硒酸钠的添加会抑制副干酪乳酸菌的生长,降低发酵乳的活菌数量。本研究结果与刘骏[29]利用纳米硒和亚硒酸盐对土壤微生物生长繁殖影响的发现类似,研究发现纳米硒促进了土壤益生菌的繁殖,而亚硝酸盐则降低了土壤微生物的丰度和多样性,这可能与亚硒酸盐转化过程中释放的持久性自由基的毒性有关。
SeNPs会导致发酵乳的颜色变化,而颜色是食品的一个重要属性,是影响消费者感官的一个非常重要的特征,从而影响消费者的偏好。本研究通过色差仪测定发酵乳的颜色,通过L*、a*、b*和∆E值量化其颜色特征。如表4所示,市售副干酪乳酪杆菌SF组与利用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20发酵的BF组、XF组、YF组相比,其颜色参数L*和b*值均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),可能因为每株菌都可以使发酵乳产生独特的颜色[30]。在色差系统中,L*指的是从0~100的明、暗数值,代表白到黑,a*值从负(绿色)到正(红色),b*值从负(蓝色)到正(黄色)。从表4可以看出,不同形态的硒也会显著改变发酵乳的L*、a*和b*值(P<0.05)。添加SeNPs后的XF组发酵乳a*最高,其次是YF组。证明副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20在发酵乳中也能够有效转化亚硒酸钠,产生SeNPs为发酵乳带来红色的纳米颗粒,增大颜色参数a*值,又因为富硒发酵乳的b*值也为正值,这就表明富硒发酵乳的颜色为红色或偏棕色[31]。
四组发酵乳单质硒Se(0)含量如图3所示,XF组的Se(0)含量为4.05±0.01 mg,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),YF组也显著高于未加硒的SF组和BF组(P<0.05)。此外,YF组Se(0)含量与XF组相差0.95 mg,表明副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20在发酵乳中能够有效将亚硒酸钠转化为SeNPs,但该菌株在鲜牛乳中的转化能力较MRS培养基低,可能是因为新鲜牛乳所能为微生物提供的营养物质不足,或发酵牛乳时长较短,导致微生物还未能将亚硒酸钠全部代谢转化成Se(0)。发酵基质对微生物来说非常重要,不仅会对微生物的生长有影响,还会抑制菌株的一些具有功能性的转化能力。
采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪ICP-OES测定发酵乳各组中的总硒浓度。如图4所示, XF组中的硒含量为0.49 mg/L,YF组的含量为0.50 mg/L,得副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20将亚硒酸钠转化成有机硒的转化率为97.35%。本研究富硒发酵乳硒含量明显高于先前采用瑞士乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌混合发酵剂制备酸奶的研究(27.7 μg/kg)[32]。且SF和BF两组硒含量均<0.02 mg/L。目前我国国家标准中还未有乳酸菌富硒含量的相关规定,但GB 1903.21-2016《食品营养强化剂 富硒酵母》中要求:菌株有机硒含量≥97%。因此,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20符合该食品营养强化剂有关规定。此外,两组富硒发酵乳总硒含量在0.049~0.050 mg/L之间,根据GB 14880-2012《食品营养强化剂》使用标准对含乳饮料的规定:营养强化剂硒的含量要在50~200 μg/kg范围内,本研究所得富硒发酵乳基本符合要求。
如图5所示,PC1贡献率为97.35%,PC2贡献率为2.22%,总贡献率达到99.57%(>85%),说明PC1和PC2具备反映样品特点的要求,且发酵乳的风味主要是由PC1决定。同时,同一样品的数据点聚集状态越高,表明同一组的重复性和稳定性良好,不同组的距离是分散的,没有重叠,表明不同组之间的风味组成存在差异[33]。从图5可以看出5组发酵乳的PCA图均没有出现重叠或接近,说明它们产生的挥发性风味物质有显著区别。
采用GC-MS对发酵乳中挥发性风味物质测定,如表5所示,不同组发酵乳风味物质存在差异。5组发酵乳样品共检出15种挥发性风味物质。其中SF组11种,BF组12种,XF组12种,YF组12种,NR组5种。
酯类物质的香味阈值一般很低,所以对发酵乳的风味影响比较大[34]。发酵乳中典型的水果香味就是酯类化合物所贡献的,其中己酸乙酯具有甜香、水果香和窖香,乙酸乙酯具有清香和果香[35]。此外,酯类还能稀释脂肪酸和胺类物质所带来的苦味[35]。如表5所示,相较于未发酵牛乳(NR组),发酵牛乳增加了酯类物质的种类和含量。在五组样品中,XF组棕榈酸乙酯含量最高。在生成的醇类物质中,异戊醇赋予了发酵乳杂醇油、威士忌味等独特的风味特征[36],可能来源于氨基酸代谢、甲基酮还原、乳糖的代谢以及亚油酸的降解[37]。如表5所示,相较于未发酵牛乳(NR组),发酵牛乳增加了醇类物质的种类和含量。相对于其他发酵组,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和纳米硒颗粒共同发酵组(XF组)醇类物质产生量较低。
醛类物质是油脂氧化的产物,且轻微的氧化有助于风味的形成[38−39]。比如,糠醛可以提供桂皮油香气、杏仁味以及木质味和面包味[35]。如表5所示,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和硒共同发酵牛乳组(XF组和YF组)发酵产生了糠醛,而仅有副干酪乳酪杆菌发酵组(SF组和BF组)未产生糠醛。酸类物质主要是由乳酸菌分解代谢糖类以及氨基酸产生,赋予酸奶特有的风味[40]。如表5所示,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20发酵组产生2,3-二羟基丙酸(BF组2869.35 ng/kg、XF组5239.56 ng/kg、YF组4926.82 ng/kg),而市售副干酪乳酪杆菌发酵组并未产生2,3-二羟基丙酸。酮类物质主要是不饱和脂肪酸发生热降解以及氧化,或者是微生物代谢所产生,能够赋予酸奶独特的风味[41]。3-羟基-2-丁酮具有奶油香味,乳脂气息、微甜。如表5所示,3-羟基-2-丁酮仅在副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20和亚硒酸钠共同发酵中产生,而其他发酵组并未生成该物质。
总的来说,微生物对发酵乳挥发性风味物质的累积产生了积极影响,主要是一些酯类、醇类和醛类等风味物质,如乙酸乙酯、二甲氧基乙酸甲酯、棕榈酸乙酯、异戊醇和苯乙醇等,且富硒副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20产生的风味物质多样性也优于市售副干酪乳酪杆菌,主要在一些酸类、酯类和醛类上体现,如2,3-二羟基丙酸、棕榈酸乙酯和糠醛等。
本研究利用副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20发酵制备富硒活菌性发酵乳,SeNPs的添加可有效促进副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20的发酵活性,使发酵乳率先到达发酵终点,而亚硒酸钠的添加会在一定程度上抑制副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20的生长,减少发酵乳中活菌的数量。同时,SeNPs颗粒和副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20共同发酵组(XF组)发酵乳a*最高,且Se(0)含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。因此,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20制备的发酵乳不仅能有效富硒,且不同形态的硒也会显著改变发酵乳的Se(0)含量。此外,副干酪乳酪杆菌SCFF20发酵牛乳产生的风味物质多样性优于市售副干酪乳酪杆菌,主要体现在酯类和酸类,如棕榈酸乙酯、2,3-二羟基丙酸等。本研究为发酵乳的富硒研究及其相关产品开发奠定了研究基础,为缺硒人群补硒提供一种有效补硒手段。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040336
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
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    1四川轻化工大学食品与酿酒工程学院,四川宜宾 644002
    2四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都 610040

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徐腾(1991−),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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