Article(id=1320883675907076986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040308, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745510400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852809168, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852809168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852809168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852809168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=122, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883676112597883, articleId=1320883675907076986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Cold Plasma-mediated Amyloid Fibrous Aggregation on the Emulsification and Foaming Properties of Pea Protein Isolate, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The potential of cold plasma (CP) treatment to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils of pea protein isolate (PPI) was evaluated relative to acidic heat fibrillation condition. The changes of ThT fluorescence intensity, microstructure, molecular structure, particle size distribution, Zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, surface free sulfhydryl, free sulfhydryl, total sulfhydryl, and disulfide bonds content, emulsifying activity and foaming capacity of PPI amyloid fibrils were determined. Results indicated that the formation of PPI amyloid fibrils was significantly accelerated by CP treatment. Compared to acidic heat-induced PPI amyloid fibrils (A-PF), CP-mediated fibrils (CP-PF) showed higher ThT fluorescence intensity, relative content of β-fold, and shorter maturation time. After 60 min of heating, CP-PF formed longer fibrils (961.35 nm) than A-PF (219.84 nm). Hydrophobicity, free sulfhydryl groups, and disulfide bond analyses revealed that hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds were the primary driving forces for the self-assembly and ordered stacking of β-sheet structures during fibrillation process. Furthermore, fibrillization markedly improved the functional properties of PPI. The emulsifying activity and foaming capacity of A-PF and CP-PF were significantly enhancing. Notably, CP-PF exhibited superior emulsifying (improved by 9.1%) and foaming properties (improved by 6.8%) compared to A-PF. This study demonstrated that CP was an effective technique for promoting PPI amyloid fibril formation and improving its functionality.

, authors=Junxiang LIU, Panpan TANG, Zhiwei LIU*, authorsList=Junxiang LIU, Panpan TANG, Zhiwei LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhiwei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883679786808208, articleId=1320883675907076986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=冷等离子体介导豌豆分离蛋白淀粉样纤维状聚集及对其乳化性和起泡性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究评估了冷等离子体(Cold plasma,CP)处理相较于传统酸热法促进豌豆分离蛋白(Pea protein isolate,PPI)淀粉样纤维形成的潜力,同时测定了PPI淀粉样纤维的ThT荧光强度、微观结构、分子结构、粒径分布、Zeta电位、表面疏水性、表面游离巯基、游离巯基、总巯基和二硫键含量、乳化性及起泡性等指标的变化情况。结果表明,CP可显著促进PPI淀粉样纤维的形成。与传统酸热法形成的PPI淀粉样纤维(A-PF)相比,CP介导形成的PPI淀粉样纤维(CP-PF)表现出更高的ThT荧光强度和β-折叠相对含量,和更短的形成成熟纤维时间。加热60 min,与A-PF(219.84 nm)相比,CP-PF可形成更长的淀粉样纤维(961.35 nm)。疏水性、游离巯基和二硫键分析结果表明,疏水相互作用力和二硫键是驱动β-折叠结构自组装和有序堆叠形成CP-PF的主要驱动力。此外,纤维化显著改善了PPI的功能特性,A-PF和CP-PF的乳化性和起泡性显著提高。与A-PF相比,CP-PF表现出更优的乳化性(提升9.1%)和起泡性(提升6.8%)。本研究证实CP是一种有效促进蛋白淀粉样纤维化,并改善其功能性的技术手段。

, authors=刘俊祥, 汤盼盼, 刘志伟*, authorsList=刘俊祥, 汤盼盼, 刘志伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘志伟, authorNote=

刘俊祥(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘志伟(1985−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品非热加工,食品蛋白改性,E-mail:。
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LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017, 76: 1−8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883697872647166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=55, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Qin, WANG Yaru, LIU Qingqing, et al. Ultrasound-regulated fibrillation of arachin: Structural characteristics, foaming and emulsifying properties[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2024, 150: 109695., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883697964921855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=56, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG Dengfeng, YANG Jinchu, LI Jing, et al. Foams stabilized by β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils: Effect of pH[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65(48): 10658−10665., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320883698082362368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PI Jingzi, WANG Jia, LÜ Jiran, et al. Modification of ovalbumin by the enzymatic method: Consequences for foaming characteristics of fibrils[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2023, 139: 108492., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883680122352530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883680130741139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, companyId=1320883680122352530, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883680139129748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, companyId=1320883680122352530, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南长沙 410128)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883684610257839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes in ThT fluorescent intensity of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=yp6lgiksgEP3kZ+R1dOHww==, figureFileBig=L67m07j9rCyCuAcLItQrWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883684668978096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PPI成纤过程ThT荧光强度变化, figureFileSmall=yp6lgiksgEP3kZ+R1dOHww==, figureFileBig=L67m07j9rCyCuAcLItQrWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883684870304689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Change in morphology of PPI during fibrillation process (μ=600 nm), figureFileSmall=G1nUW/HnEcONUt3c6KUoJw==, figureFileBig=Ckb7ZrsBUjehZYhCrkIt9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685017105330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图2, caption=PPI成纤过程形貌变化(μ=600 nm)

注:A、B、C分别为A-PF-0 min、A-PF-60 min、A-PF-540 min;D、E、F分别为CP-PF-0 min、CP-PF-60 min、CP-PF-540 min,标尺为600 nm,放大倍数13000倍。

, figureFileSmall=G1nUW/HnEcONUt3c6KUoJw==, figureFileBig=Ckb7ZrsBUjehZYhCrkIt9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685088408499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in primary structure of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=Lfv3gWdyws6PwNRUWwCt/g==, figureFileBig=MO+g6zXDf/en4TN31vy6Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685184877492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PPI成纤过程一级结构变化

注:(a)A-PF;(b)CP-PF。

, figureFileSmall=Lfv3gWdyws6PwNRUWwCt/g==, figureFileBig=MO+g6zXDf/en4TN31vy6Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685268763573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in infrared spectrum of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=JUia386YYxiQMCEqZzkWIA==, figureFileBig=LY+7gQgTGQ7Npx0hqtwZbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685331678134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PPI在成纤过程中的红外图谱

注:(a)和(b)分别为A-PF和CP-PF。

, figureFileSmall=JUia386YYxiQMCEqZzkWIA==, figureFileBig=LY+7gQgTGQ7Npx0hqtwZbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685419758519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in Zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=vQPs88DsC3IiuI7Fuh3MHw==, figureFileBig=1tYUBF8gDxg464Vs8Vcm3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685491061688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图5, caption=PPI成纤过程中Zeta电位和表面疏水性变化

注:(a)和(b)分别为Zeta电位和表面疏水性,不同字母表示具有显著性差异P<0.05,图6、图9~图10同。

, figureFileSmall=vQPs88DsC3IiuI7Fuh3MHw==, figureFileBig=1tYUBF8gDxg464Vs8Vcm3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685566559161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Changes in surface free sulfhydryl, total free sulfhydryl, total sulfhydryl, and disulfide bonds of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=SgSKlAw7axMFQrRE2RLa0g==, figureFileBig=QEd/R+NMjKTDhV98URDQOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685625279418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PPI成纤过程中表面游离巯基、游离巯基、总巯基和二硫键动态变化

注:(a)和(b)分别为A-PF和CP-PF。

, figureFileSmall=SgSKlAw7axMFQrRE2RLa0g==, figureFileBig=QEd/R+NMjKTDhV98URDQOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685734331323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Change in size distribution of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=qkSpExenzPCWcZh7pBsCsQ==, figureFileBig=TZZhCl0Sxb4fMh5w3zwOJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685868549052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图7, caption=PPI在成纤过程中的粒径分布变化

注:(a)和(b)分别为A-PF和CP-PF。

, figureFileSmall=qkSpExenzPCWcZh7pBsCsQ==, figureFileBig=TZZhCl0Sxb4fMh5w3zwOJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883685948240829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Change in apparent viscosity of PPI during fibrillation process, figureFileSmall=M3O0HLK3yw2h4SGUlTyhYw==, figureFileBig=vqWdh7ET3RDyszwZfqDe/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883686006961086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PPI成纤过程中表观粘度变化

注:(a)和(b)分别为A-PF和CP-PF。

, figureFileSmall=M3O0HLK3yw2h4SGUlTyhYw==, figureFileBig=vqWdh7ET3RDyszwZfqDe/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883686283785151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Emulsifying ability of PPI amyloid fibrils fabricated at different heating times, figureFileSmall=tRmo5p64E8IboR3c9cnOyA==, figureFileBig=W9myf5aIi2h0hytr4hea2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883686355088320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同加热时间形成PPI淀粉样纤维制备乳液的乳化特性

注:(a)和(b)分别为EAI和ESI。

, figureFileSmall=tRmo5p64E8IboR3c9cnOyA==, figureFileBig=W9myf5aIi2h0hytr4hea2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883686430585793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Foaming ability of PPI amyloid fibrils fabricated at different heating times, figureFileSmall=72XxLdNcXQ2sjj3nY7h7qQ==, figureFileBig=KFmXaoaZ1mviIAUFSGUNlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883686694826946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同加热时间形成PPI淀粉样纤维起泡性

注:(a)和(b)分别为FC和FS。

, figureFileSmall=72XxLdNcXQ2sjj3nY7h7qQ==, figureFileBig=KFmXaoaZ1mviIAUFSGUNlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883686766130115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Changes in secondary structure of PPI during fibrillation process.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规卷曲(%)
A-PF-0 min25±0.2a26.6±0.7d30±0.3c18.4±0.4a
A-PF-20 min22.6±0.1b29.6±0.2c31.5±0.1b16.3±0.3c
A-PF-40 min22.3±0.3bc30.8±0.5b31.8±0.2b15.1±0.4d
A-PF-60 min22.1±0.2c31.9±0.3a33±0.7a13±0.6e
A-PF-180 min21.2±0.4d32.4±0.4a33.1±0.2a13.3±0.9e
A-PF-540 min20.5±0.3e30.2±0.3bc32±0.2b17.3±0.4b
CP-PF-0 min24.3±0.7a27.4±0.4d29.8±0.2b18.5±0.3b
CP-PF-20 min20.2±0.3b32.8±1.1c30.4±0.4b16.6±0.4c
CP-PF-40 min19.1±0.4c33.9±0.6bc31.1±0.5a15.9±0.5c
CP-PF-60 min18.1±0.2d36.2±0.4a30.2±0.4b15.5±1.1c
CP-PF-180 min17.8±0.3d34.3±0.3b29.1±0.3bc17.9±0.3b
CP-PF-540 min15.9±0.4e33.9±0.4bc28.2±0.3c21.0±0.8a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883686858404804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883675907076986, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PPI成纤过程二级结构变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规卷曲(%)
A-PF-0 min25±0.2a26.6±0.7d30±0.3c18.4±0.4a
A-PF-20 min22.6±0.1b29.6±0.2c31.5±0.1b16.3±0.3c
A-PF-40 min22.3±0.3bc30.8±0.5b31.8±0.2b15.1±0.4d
A-PF-60 min22.1±0.2c31.9±0.3a33±0.7a13±0.6e
A-PF-180 min21.2±0.4d32.4±0.4a33.1±0.2a13.3±0.9e
A-PF-540 min20.5±0.3e30.2±0.3bc32±0.2b17.3±0.4b
CP-PF-0 min24.3±0.7a27.4±0.4d29.8±0.2b18.5±0.3b
CP-PF-20 min20.2±0.3b32.8±1.1c30.4±0.4b16.6±0.4c
CP-PF-40 min19.1±0.4c33.9±0.6bc31.1±0.5a15.9±0.5c
CP-PF-60 min18.1±0.2d36.2±0.4a30.2±0.4b15.5±1.1c
CP-PF-180 min17.8±0.3d34.3±0.3b29.1±0.3bc17.9±0.3b
CP-PF-540 min15.9±0.4e33.9±0.4bc28.2±0.3c21.0±0.8a
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冷等离子体介导豌豆分离蛋白淀粉样纤维状聚集及对其乳化性和起泡性的影响
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刘俊祥 , 汤盼盼 , 刘志伟 *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(8): 122-131
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (8) : 122 -131
冷等离子体介导豌豆分离蛋白淀粉样纤维状聚集及对其乳化性和起泡性的影响
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刘俊祥 , 汤盼盼, 刘志伟*
作者信息
  • 湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南长沙 410128
通讯作者:
刘志伟(1985−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品非热加工,食品蛋白改性,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘俊祥(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白,E-mail:

Effect of Cold Plasma-mediated Amyloid Fibrous Aggregation on the Emulsification and Foaming Properties of Pea Protein Isolate
Junxiang LIU , Panpan TANG, Zhiwei LIU*
Affiliations
  • College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040308
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本研究评估了冷等离子体(Cold plasma,CP)处理相较于传统酸热法促进豌豆分离蛋白(Pea protein isolate,PPI)淀粉样纤维形成的潜力,同时测定了PPI淀粉样纤维的ThT荧光强度、微观结构、分子结构、粒径分布、Zeta电位、表面疏水性、表面游离巯基、游离巯基、总巯基和二硫键含量、乳化性及起泡性等指标的变化情况。结果表明,CP可显著促进PPI淀粉样纤维的形成。与传统酸热法形成的PPI淀粉样纤维(A-PF)相比,CP介导形成的PPI淀粉样纤维(CP-PF)表现出更高的ThT荧光强度和β-折叠相对含量,和更短的形成成熟纤维时间。加热60 min,与A-PF(219.84 nm)相比,CP-PF可形成更长的淀粉样纤维(961.35 nm)。疏水性、游离巯基和二硫键分析结果表明,疏水相互作用力和二硫键是驱动β-折叠结构自组装和有序堆叠形成CP-PF的主要驱动力。此外,纤维化显著改善了PPI的功能特性,A-PF和CP-PF的乳化性和起泡性显著提高。与A-PF相比,CP-PF表现出更优的乳化性(提升9.1%)和起泡性(提升6.8%)。本研究证实CP是一种有效促进蛋白淀粉样纤维化,并改善其功能性的技术手段。

冷等离子体  /  豌豆分离蛋白  /  淀粉样纤维  /  乳化性  /  起泡性

The potential of cold plasma (CP) treatment to promote the formation of amyloid fibrils of pea protein isolate (PPI) was evaluated relative to acidic heat fibrillation condition. The changes of ThT fluorescence intensity, microstructure, molecular structure, particle size distribution, Zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, surface free sulfhydryl, free sulfhydryl, total sulfhydryl, and disulfide bonds content, emulsifying activity and foaming capacity of PPI amyloid fibrils were determined. Results indicated that the formation of PPI amyloid fibrils was significantly accelerated by CP treatment. Compared to acidic heat-induced PPI amyloid fibrils (A-PF), CP-mediated fibrils (CP-PF) showed higher ThT fluorescence intensity, relative content of β-fold, and shorter maturation time. After 60 min of heating, CP-PF formed longer fibrils (961.35 nm) than A-PF (219.84 nm). Hydrophobicity, free sulfhydryl groups, and disulfide bond analyses revealed that hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds were the primary driving forces for the self-assembly and ordered stacking of β-sheet structures during fibrillation process. Furthermore, fibrillization markedly improved the functional properties of PPI. The emulsifying activity and foaming capacity of A-PF and CP-PF were significantly enhancing. Notably, CP-PF exhibited superior emulsifying (improved by 9.1%) and foaming properties (improved by 6.8%) compared to A-PF. This study demonstrated that CP was an effective technique for promoting PPI amyloid fibril formation and improving its functionality.

cold plasma  /  pea protein isolate  /  amyloid fibrils  /  emulsification properties  /  foaming properties
刘俊祥, 汤盼盼, 刘志伟. 冷等离子体介导豌豆分离蛋白淀粉样纤维状聚集及对其乳化性和起泡性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 122 -131 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040308
Junxiang LIU, Panpan TANG, Zhiwei LIU. Effect of Cold Plasma-mediated Amyloid Fibrous Aggregation on the Emulsification and Foaming Properties of Pea Protein Isolate[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 122 -131 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040308
近年来,植物蛋白因经济和可持续等优点而备受关注[1]。其中豌豆分离蛋白高营养价值、来源广泛以及低致敏性等优势,在食品加工中的应用日益增加[2−3]。PPI主要由球蛋白(65%~80%)和清蛋白(10%~20%)构成。其中,清蛋白(5~80 kDa,2S)为水溶性蛋白[4]。而球蛋白属于盐溶性蛋白,依据沉降系数可分为legumin(11S)、vicilin(7S)和convicilin[5]。PPI作为一种氨基酸组成均衡的优质蛋白质,富含赖氨酸,此外,PPI是生物活性肽的重要来源[6−8]。除了营养价值外,PPI还表现出良好的功能特性,如乳化性、起泡性和凝胶性等[4]。然而,PPI紧密结构导致其表面电荷密度较低、分子尺寸较大且柔性不足,从而限制了PPI的功能性[9]。因此,对PPI改性以改善其功能性和加工性十分必要。
食源性蛋白淀粉样纤维是由食品蛋白质在酸性(pH2~3)、高温(80~90 ℃)和低离子浓度下获得的一种富含交叉β-折叠的蛋白聚集体[10−11]。蛋白淀粉样纤维具有极高的纵横比、良好的分子柔性和丰富的表面功能基团,从而展现出卓越的功能特性[10]。米糠蛋白[12]、大豆蛋白[13]、蚕豆蛋白[14]等食品蛋白在淀粉样纤维化后功能特性得到显著提升。因此蛋白淀粉样纤维化被认为是一种提升食源蛋白质功能性的新方法。已有报道显示,酸热加工能够使PPI具有形成淀粉样纤维的潜能,如Zhang等[15]研究发现,PPI在pH2.0、80 ℃条件下加热78 h能形成大量蠕虫状形态和少量线状的纤维聚集体。Liu等[16]发现,PPI在蛋白含量1.5%、pH2.0、85 ℃加热24 h能形成丝状淀粉样纤维。因此,应用PPI制备淀粉样纤维具有可行性。虽然已有相关研究报道PPI在酸热环境下会出现纤维化聚集行为,但传统热酸法制备蛋白淀粉样纤维需要极端酸性条件和较长水解时间,会阻碍蛋白淀粉样纤维的形成并限制其实际应用。此外,蛋白淀粉样纤维转化率与其分子结构密切相关。天然植物蛋白致密的球状结构和较低的溶解性,限制其在纤维化初始阶段的酸性水解过程,从而导致淀粉样纤维转化效率和转化率偏低[17−18]。研究表明,通过化学[19]、生物[20]或物理修饰可显著提升蛋白的淀粉样纤维转化效率[21]。其中,物理修饰方法因其环境友好性、无化学残留和高处理效率等优点而备受关注。Tong等[13]研究发现,超声预处理使大豆蛋白的疏水区域暴露,从而促进大豆蛋白淀粉样纤维的形成。Liu等[22]研究发现,低频磁场预处理能使豌豆球蛋白结构展开,从而促进豌豆球蛋白淀粉样纤维的形成。CP作为一种利用高能活性氧氮粒子修饰基质物性的手段,因具有绿色、高效等优点,在食品加工领域,尤其是蛋白改性修饰方面具有良好应用前景[23−25],CP使蛋白肽链断开,生成小分子肽,类似于食源性蛋白酸热成纤过程中酸热水解蛋白的特性[26],使CP在诱导蛋白成纤方面具有巨大潜力。然而,目前相关的研究仍较为匮乏,亟待深入探索。
因此,本文以PPI为对象,通过酸热法对比,研究了CP介导的淀粉样纤维状聚集,及纤维化对PPI乳化性和起泡性的影响。首先,通过SDS-PAGE、FTIR和内源荧光光谱分析成纤过程中PPI的结构变化;同时,通过ThT荧光光谱、动态激光散射、Zeta电位和TEM检测PPI淀粉样纤维的形成过程和形貌变化;另外,通过成纤过程中表面疏水性和二硫键的变化,分析了PPI淀粉样纤维自组装驱动力;最后,研究了纤维状聚集对PPI乳化性和起泡性的影响。
豌豆分离蛋白(98%) 上海颖心实验室设备有限公司;十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)凝胶制备试剂盒、BeyoBlue考马斯亮蓝超快染色液 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;蛋白Marker 索莱宝科技(中国台湾);硫黄素T(thioflavin T,ThT) Sigma-Aldrich Co,Ltd(St.Louis,MO,USA);8-苯胺基-1-萘磺酸(8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid,ANS) 阿拉丁化工(上海)有限公司;盐酸胍、甘氨酸、尿素、乙二胺四乙酸、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethan,Tris) 国药集团化学试剂有限公司;5,5-二硫代2-硝基苯甲酸 上海瑞永生物科技有限公司;以上试剂均为分析纯及以上级别。
Wix-multipro 2垂直凝胶电泳装置 韦克斯科技(北京)有限公司;CTP-2000K等离子体装置 南京苏曼电子有限公司;TS-300T脱色摇床 杭州米欧仪器有限公司;ZETASIZER NANO ZS 纳米粒度仪 英格兰马尔文仪器有限公司;Multiskan Go Reader酶标仪 芬兰万塔赛默飞世尔科技有限公司;HJ-6B磁力搅拌器 苏瑞仪器(常州)有限公司;VORTEX-5旋涡混合器 其林贝尔仪器制造(海门)有限公司;iS50傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)仪 日本岛津;FEI Tecnai G2 12透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM) 美国FEI;F-7000荧光分光光度计 日本岛津仪器有限公司;SCIENTZ-18N冷冻干燥机 新芝生物科技(宁波)有限公司。
参照Liu等[27]的方法并稍作修改,利用介质阻挡放电(Dielectric barrier discharges,DBD)等离子体发生装置进行CP处理。将PPI(10 mg/mL)溶解于超纯水中,用磁力搅拌12 h充分水合后,取5 mL PPI样品溶液置于石英皿中,CP处理参数为:40 kV、14 kHz,9 min,CP处理后PPI样品于4 ℃保存,所有分析均在24 h内进行。
参照Liu等[28]的方法并稍作修改,酸热法制备PPI淀粉样纤维:将PPI溶液(10 mg/mL)用1 mol/L HCl溶液调节pH至2.3,然后在85 ℃的恒温水浴搅拌(100 r/min)加热,于不同加热时间(0、10、20、30、40、50、60、90、120、180、300和540 min)取样后,立即冰水冷却,于4 ℃保存。酸性加热条件下形成的PPI淀粉样纤维命名为A-PF。将CP处理后的PPI溶液在85 ℃的恒温水浴搅拌(100 r/min)加热不同时间(0、10、20、30、40、50、60、90、120、180、300和540 min)后取样,立即于冰水中冷却,4 ℃保存。CP介导形成的PPI淀粉样纤维命名为CP-PF。
参照Tang等[25]的方法,将ThT溶解于磷酸盐缓冲液(10 mmol/L磷酸盐,150 mmol/L NaCl,pH7.0)中,制得1 mmol/L ThT原液,用铝箔避光4 ℃保存。将原液用磷酸盐缓冲液稀释成50 μmol/L的工作液。取40 μL样品(10 mg/mL)与4 mL ThT工作液混合,室温孵育20 min,用microplate reader测定荧光强度,参数为:激发波长440 nm,发射波长480 nm,激发和发射狭缝12 nm。
PPI淀粉样纤维样品用去离子水稀释至0.1 mg/mL,将样品溶液置于铜网板,用醋酸铀酰负染,并在100 kV下进行TEM观察PPI淀粉样纤维样品的微观形貌。使用Fiji imagej进行图像处理,分析PPI淀粉样纤维长度。
参照Liu等[29]的方法并稍作修改,采用5%浓缩胶和10%分离胶制备SDS-PAGE凝胶。将样品用去离子水稀释至2 mg/mL,稀释后的样品与还原性上样缓冲液按(1:4,v/v)比例混合后,90 ℃金属浴加热10 min。蛋白Marker和样品分别上样6 μL和10 μL,在75 V恒压下电泳3 h,电泳后用超快染色液染色30 min,再用脱色液(乙酸:乙醇:蒸馏水=1:2:7,v/v)脱色,直到条带清晰。
将冻干后的样品(30 mg)粉碎,与3.0 g干燥的溴化钾(重量1.0%)混合,压缩成薄片进行分析。光谱扫描范围为400~4000 cm−1,分辨率为4 cm−1,扫描次数为5次。
用纳米粒度仪测定PPI样品(用去离子水稀释至1 mg/mL)的粒径分布和Zeta电位,蛋白质折射率为1.45,连续相折射率为1.33。
用ANS荧光探针测定PPI在淀粉样纤维形成过程中表面疏水性的变化。样品用去离子水稀释至1 mg/mL。1 mL样品中加入8 μL ANS溶液(5 mmol/L,0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液,pH7)。混合均匀,暗处反应30 min。测定参数为:激发波长380 nm(狭缝宽度=2.5 nm),发射波长400~600 nm(狭缝宽度=5 nm)。
参照Tang等[25]的方法并作修改,测定PPI样品在纤维形成过程中表面游离巯基、游离巯基以及总巯基(包括二硫键)和二硫键的动态转换。表面游离巯基:样品(0.5 mL)与2 mL Tris-glycine缓冲溶液(86 mmol/L Tris,90 mmol/L甘氨酸,4 mmol/L EDTA,pH8.0)混合;游离巯基:将样品(0.5 mL)加入到含有8 mol/L尿素和0.5% SDS的2 mL Tris-glycine缓冲溶液中;总巯基(含二硫键):样品(0.5 mL)先与0.025 mL β-巯基乙醇和1 mL尿素盐酸胍(6 mol/L)混合,在25 ℃下孵育1 h。为了沉淀PPI,加入2.5 mL三氯乙酸溶液(12%),静置1 h。10000×g离心10 min,收集沉淀,再用三氯乙酸溶液(12%)离心2次,去除β-巯基乙醇。将沉淀溶解于2 mL含有0.5% SDS和8 mol/L尿素Tris-glycine缓冲液中。将以上三种样品分别与0.02 mL Ellman试剂(4 mg/mL 5,5-二硫代双(2-硝基苯甲酸)DTNB)和Tris-glycine缓冲液混合。将混合物在室温下混合均匀后孵育30 min,于412 nm处测定吸光值。缓冲液为空白对照。巯基和二硫键(S-S)的含量用下式计算:
表面游离巯基、游离巯基、总巯基(含二硫化物)含量:
$\rm \mathrm{SH}(\text{µ} \mathrm{mol}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{( 75.53\times {\mathrm{A}}_{412}) \times n}{C} $
二硫键含量:
$ \mathrm{S}\text{-}\mathrm{S}(\text{µ} \mathrm{mol}/\mathrm{g})~=\frac{{\text{SH}}_{\text{total}}-{\text{SH}}_{\mathrm{free}\;\text{sulfhydryl}}}{2} $
式中,A412:样品吸光度;C:蛋白浓度(1 mg/mL);n:稀释率;因子73.53由106/(1.36×104)得到。
利用流变仪测定样品(10 mg/mL)表观粘度。在25 ℃下,使用直径为40 mm、板间距为1 mm的平板测量剪切速率在0.1~100 s−1范围内样品的表观粘度变化。
参照Liu等[30]的方法,利用去离子水稀释A-PF和CP-PF样品至1 mg/mL,将6 mL蛋白稀释液(pH2.3)和2 mL大豆油在12000 r/min下高速剪切 2 min,制备乳液。将50 µL乳液和4 mL SDS(0.1wt%)充分混合后,于500 nm处测定吸光度。EAI和ESI通过以下公式计算:
$ \mathrm{EAI}({\mathrm{m}}^{2}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{2\times 2.303\times {\mathrm{A}}_{0}\times \mathrm{D}}{\mathrm{c}\times (1-\varphi )\times 10000} $
$ \text{ESI}(\min)=\frac{\mathrm{A}_0}{\mathrm{A}_0-\mathrm{A}_{10}}\times10 $
式中,A0和A10分别为乳液在0 min和10 min的吸光度;D为稀释因子(4000/50=80);C为蛋白浓度(0.001 g/mL);φ为油的体积分数(0.25)。
参照Qi等[31]的方法并修改,将10 mL样品溶液(10 mg/mL)置于50 mL烧杯中,以10000 r/min剪切2 min,迅速将样品溶液倒入50 mL量筒中,测量泡沫在量筒中的体积。根据以下公式计算FC和FS。
$ \mathrm{FC}(\text{%})=\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{0}}{10}\times 100 $
$ \text{FS}(\text{%} )=\frac{{\mathrm{V}}_{10}}{{\mathrm{V}}_{0}}\times 100 $
式中,静置0 min后泡沫体积记为V0;静置10 min后泡沫体积记为V10。
所有的试验数据均由平行测定三次获得,结果以平均值±标准差的形式表示,采用Excel 2010以及SPSS 25.0进行统计和显著性分析(P<0.05),用Origin 2021软件进行绘图。
ThT作为一种特异性荧光探针,与蛋白的β-折叠结构特异性结合其荧光会显著增加,因此被广泛应用于蛋白淀粉样纤维形成的表征[32]。A-PF和CP-PF在成纤过程中ThT荧光强度变化,如图1所示。热处理10 min,PPI的ThT荧光强度迅速升高,随加热时间延长至30 min,ThT荧光强度持续上升,并达到稳定期,表明蛋白结构发生显著变化(交叉β-折叠结构增加),成功形成PPI淀粉样纤维[18]。特别是,与A-PF相比,CP-PF的ThT荧光强度显著增强。热处理30 min,CP-PF的ThT荧光强度(1.976±0.013)比A-PF(1.413±0.031)高约40%。该结果表明CP处理可显著促进PPI淀粉样纤维的形成,其原因为CP产生的活性粒子(如O3、NO3−和H2O2等)介导的蛋白肽链断裂和结构展开促进PPI淀粉样纤维的形成[25,29]。
利用TEM表征了PPI成纤过程中的形貌变化。结果如图2所示,A-PF和CP-PF在纤维形貌特征上表现出明显差异。未加热前,A-PF主要呈现球状颗粒形态,其平均直径为29.05 nm;而CP-PF除球状颗粒外,还观察到短棒状结构,其平均长度为48.98 nm。热处理60 min,A-PF开始出现棒状纤维结构,其平均长度达到219.84 nm;与A-PF相比,CP-PF则形成更为细长且具有良好柔性的长条状纤维结构,平均长度显著增加到961.35 nm。随加热时间延长至540 min,A-PF逐渐成熟,纤维长度持续增加到399.78 nm;而CP-PF的纤维结构发生断裂现象[33],出现棒状纤维结构,纤维长度显著降低到497.22 nm。在成纤过程中,CP-PF相较于A-PF表现出更长的纤维形态。
通过SDS-PAGE研究了PPI成纤过程一级结构的变化。结果如图3所示,随加热时间的延长,A-PF和CP-PF中豌豆7S球蛋白组分(Convicilin(70 kDa)和Vicilin(48 kDa))以及11S球蛋白组分(酸性亚基(39 kDa),碱性亚基(22 kDa))的特征条带强度逐渐减弱[34],表明在酸性pH和高温条件下,PPI发生显著水解。该结果与燕麦球蛋白[35]和苋菜蛋白[36]成纤过程一级结构的变化相一致。此外,CP-PF的条带也呈现类似的变化趋势,表明CP作用于蛋白表现出类似于酸水解,使蛋白结构展开和肽链断裂的特性,有助于PPI淀粉样纤维的形成。
通过FTIR分析了PPI在成纤过程中蛋白二级结构的变化。结果如图4所示。随加热时间的延长,酰胺I带(1700~1600 cm−1)和酰胺A带(3200~3400 cm−1)均出现明显的蓝移现象,该变化反映了蛋白分子内氢键网络的重组过程,表明PPI淀粉样纤维中形成了更紧密的氢键网络,氢键相互作用对稳定β-折叠结构和维持淀粉样纤维的整体构象具有关键作用[37−38]。
PPI在成纤过程的二级结构变化,如表1所示。在酸热处理的0~180 min,A-PF的有序结构不断形成,并趋于稳定,表现为β-折叠和β-转角相对含量逐渐增大。其中β-折叠相对含量在180 min达到最大,为32.4%±0.4%,表明β-折叠在A-PF的成纤过程中大量存在,有助于A-PF的形成[39]。在酸热处理后期(180~540 min),α-螺旋、β-折叠和β-转角相对含量显著下降,无规卷曲相对含量显著上升(P<0.05)。CP-PF也表现出相似的变化趋势,其β-折叠相对含量在60 min时达到最大值(36.2%±0.4%),随加热时间的延长,β-折叠相对含量逐渐降低。特别是,在成纤过程中,CP-PF的β-折叠相对含量始终高于A-PF,该结果证实了CP介导淀粉样纤维状聚集能够促进β-折叠结构的形成和稳定。这些结构变化特征与ThT荧光强度和TEM观察结果相一致,表明β-折叠结构的形成和稳定是决定PPI淀粉样纤维形成效率的关键因素。该结果与卵清蛋白[40]和大米蛋白[31]淀粉样纤维形成过程的结构转变结果相似。
通过测定Zeta电位(ζ电位)研究PPI成纤过程中表面电荷的变化规律,结果如图5a所示。热处理180 min,A-PF的ζ电位显著增加(P<0.05)并达到最大值(31.75±1.15 mV)。ζ电位的升高可归因于成纤过程中氨基基团的质子化作用导致-NH3+基团暴露[41]。随加热时间延长至540 min,A-PF的ζ电位略微下降,原因可能是形成了长径比更大的PPI淀粉样纤维,导致带电基团重新被埋入长链聚集体内部[42]。该现象与已有研究结果相一致[43]。CP-PF呈现类似的ζ电位变化趋势。在成纤过程中,CP-PF的ζ电位始终高于A-PF,表明CP-PF的肽段具有更好的溶液稳定性和分散性,相应地也显示出更强的有序蛋白纤维形成能力。
PPI成纤过程中表面疏水性的变化规律如图5b所示。热处理60 min,A-PF的表面疏水性显著增加(P<0.05)并达到最大值,表明PPI分子通过结构展开和水解作用,使原本包埋的疏水性基团暴露于分子表面。随加热时间的延长,A-PF的表面疏水性逐渐降低,表明成纤过程中的构建单元(交叉β-折叠结构)通过疏水相互作用自组装形成有序纤维结构[44]。CP-PF也表现出相似的变化趋势。特别是,在酸热处理的20~60 min,CP-PF的表面疏水性高于A-PF,表明CP介导PPI淀粉样纤维状聚集有利于PPI结构展开。以上结果与Yang等[45]的研究结果一致。上述结果表明,疏水相互作用是PPI淀粉样纤维形成的主要分子作用力。
在影响蛋白淀粉样纤维形成的诸多因素中,二硫键通过分子内和分子间作用对成纤过程具有关键作用。分子内二硫键可维持蛋白质的天然构象稳定性,从而抑制淀粉样纤维聚集;而分子间二硫键则通过促进蛋白质分子的交联,显著加速成纤进程[46]。PPI成纤过程中的表面游离巯基、总游离巯基、总巯基(含二硫键)和二硫键的动态变化,如图6所示。热处理60 min,CP-PF的表面游离巯基含量显著增加(P<0.05),并达到最大值(3.89±0.09 μmol/g),表明CP-PF在热变性和酸性水解作用下,其分子疏水核心区的-SH基团在成纤过程初期逐步暴露[40]。然而,随加热时间延长至540 min,表面游离巯基含量显著下降(P<0.05),其可能的原因为PPI在形成淀粉样纤维的过程中,部分游离巯基被重新包埋在纤维结构内部[47]。与此同时,游离巯基和总巯基含量显著降低(P<0.05)。相应地,CP-PF的二硫键含量显著增加(P<0.05),并达到最大值(10.16±0.21 μmol/g),表明CP-PF增加的二硫键可能为分子间二硫键,其增强了多肽链间的分子相互作用,从而驱动了PPI淀粉样纤维的形成[46]。A-PF也表现出类似的变化趋势(图6b)。热处理20 min,A-PF的表面游离巯基含量显著增加,并达到最大值(3.86±0.01 μmol/g)。随加热时间延长至540 min,表面游离巯基含量显著下降(P<0.05)。游离巯基和总巯基(含二硫键)含量显著下降(P<0.05)。同时,二硫键含量显著增加(P<0.05),并达到最大值(10.05±0.12 μmol/g)。综上所述,在成纤过程中,疏水相互作用和二硫键是PPI淀粉样纤维形成的主要作用力。
PPI成纤过程中的粒径变化,如图7所示。未处理的A-PF呈现双峰分布特征(图7a)。热处理20 min,A-PF的小粒径峰向左移动,对应于A-PF的水解过程及纤维组装所需构建单元(交叉β-折叠)的释放。随加热时间延长至180 min,A-PF的粒径逐渐增大,表明释放的构建单元已组装成有序的淀粉样纤维结构[48]。然而,热处理540 min,A-PF的平均粒径显著减小,说明部分PPI淀粉样纤维或聚集体发生解离现象[22]。相比之下,初始状态下CP-PF同样呈现双峰分布,但其粒径大于A-PF(图7b),与图2D的TEM图像中观察到的短棒状前体结构相符,表明CP处理可诱导PPI分子预聚集[49]。热处理20 min,CP-PF的大粒径峰和小粒径峰向左移动,粒径减小。随加热时间延长至60 min,CP-PF的粒径逐渐增大。在长时间加热后(180~540 min),大粒径峰和小粒径峰都向左移动。以上发现与TEM的观察结果相一致,说明CP处理可能诱导形成PPI淀粉样纤维前体的形成,最终加速了有序β-折叠淀粉样纤维的形成。
表观粘度作为影响食品品质特性的关键参数,其变化与蛋白浓度、pH、颗粒尺寸及聚集体形态等密切相关[50]。PPI成纤过程中表观粘度的变化,如图8所示。结果表明,所有PPI样品均表现出典型的假塑性流体行为,其表观粘度随剪切速率增加而降低。如图8a所示,热处理20 min,A-PF的表观粘度显著降低(P<0.05),原因可能是蛋白结构展开导致内部疏水区域暴露。随加热时间延长至540 min,A-PF的表观粘度逐渐增加,可能是由于分子间相互作用(如疏水作用力和二硫键)促进了PPI淀粉样纤维间的交联,增强了网络结构的致密性[51]。相比之下,CP-PF的表观粘度在40 min即出现峰值(图8b),较A-PF显著提前,该现象与TEM观察到的纤维快速形成过程一致。特别是在成纤过程初期(0~60 min),CP-PF的表观粘度显著高于A-PF,直接证实了CP介导PPI纤维化促进了更紧密的纤维网络结构的形成。随加热时间延长至540 min,CP-PF的表观粘度显著降低(P<0.05)。蛋白表观粘度的增加与其流体力学直径的增大及成纤过程中形成的缠结网络结构密切相关[52]。热处理时间过长会导致蛋白纤维中产生过多的小分子肽段,减小蛋白样品的流体力学直径,从而降低体系表观粘度[53]。该流变学特征与粒径分析和TEM结果相互印证,表明CP处理不仅缩短了制备成熟PPI淀粉样纤维的时间,而且促进了CP-PF中更紧密的纤维网络结构的形成。
在成纤过程中,A-PF和CP-PF制备的乳液的EAI和ESI的变化规律如图9所示。热处理540 min,A-PF和CP-PF的EAI显著增加(P<0.05),表明纤维化处理可显著改善PPI的乳化性,这得益于蛋白纤维在油-水界面发生不可逆界面吸附,并形成具有复杂微观结构排列的粘弹性层[54]。A-PF和CP-PF的ESI略微下降。其中,热处理540 min,CP-PF的EAI相较于A-PF提高9.1%,表明在成纤时间较长的条件下,CP诱导形成的PPI淀粉样纤维能有效提升蛋白的乳化性能。该结果与Liu等[28]的研究结果一致,低频磁场预处理诱导的豌豆球蛋白(PG)淀粉样纤维同样显著增强了PG的乳化性能。
在成纤过程中,A-PF和CP-PF起泡性变化规律如图10所示。结果表明,热处理540 min,A-PF和CP-PF的FC显著增加(P<0.05),表明PPI淀粉样纤维状聚集可显著改善其起泡性,这得益于A-PF和CP-PF加速了空气-水界面的吸附动力学,从而使PC增加[38,55]。A-PF和CP-PF的FS显著降低(P<0.05),其原因可能是蛋白纤维无法在空气-水界面形成致密层来抵抗聚结和排液[56]。在成纤过程中,CP-PF的FC始终高于A-PF,表明CP诱导形成的PPI淀粉样纤维具备更好的起泡性提升效果。Pi等[57]的研究也发现,适度的胰蛋白酶修饰有利于卵清蛋白淀粉样纤维的形成,并显著提升卵清蛋白起泡能力和稳定性。
本研究通过多维度分析技术,评估了CP处理相较于传统酸热法促进PPI淀粉样纤维形成的潜力及其功能特性演变规律。研究表明,CP处理可显著促进PPI淀粉样纤维的形成。与A-PF相比,CP-PF的ThT荧光强度更高,成熟纤维形成时间更短,纤维长度更长。疏水性、游离巯基和二硫键结果表明,疏水相互作用和二硫键是形成PPI淀粉样纤维的主要驱动力。另外,与天然PPI相比,PPI淀粉样纤维的EAI和FC显著提高。而且,与A-PF相比,CP-PF表现出更高的EAI和FC。与传统酸热法相比,CP介导PPI淀粉样纤维状聚集克服了高酸性环境和制备时间长的局限,实现了蛋白淀粉样纤维高效快速的制备。然而,当前国内关于CP诱导蛋白成纤方面的系统性研究相对匮乏,仍存在许多有待解决的问题。一方面,CP处理介导PPI构象转变的精准分子机制尚未完全明晰,尤其是高能活性粒子与蛋白关键结构域的作用位点仍需进一步确定;另一方面,蛋白淀粉样纤维在复杂食品体系,如高盐、高糖、不同pH环境中的长期稳定性及与其他成分的相互作用规律尚不明确,这限制了其大规模工业化应用。未来研究需进一步结合分子动力学模拟和AFM,揭示活性粒子与PPI分子相互作用的动态过程,明确氧化位点对β-折叠结构形成的影响机制;同时开展中试规模研究,探索蛋白淀粉样纤维在不同食品体系中的稳定化策略,为CP技术在食品生物加工领域的产业化应用奠定更坚实的基础。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040308
  • 接收时间:2025-04-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-25
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    湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南长沙 410128

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刘志伟(1985−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品非热加工,食品蛋白改性,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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