Article(id=1320884289194017642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040276, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745251200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852955386, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852955386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852955386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852955386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=357, endPage=366, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884289433092971, articleId=1320884289194017642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Detection of Flavobacterium spp. in Fresh Fish Meat Using a LAMP Visualization Technique Based on Novel Molecular Targets, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study was dedicated to developing a visualization technique based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with novel molecular targets, aiming to simultaneously, rapidly, and sensitively detect Flavobacterium spp. in fresh fish meat. The whole-genome sequencing and pan-genome analysis techniques were employed to systematically mine the candidate target of the Flavobacterium genus. Five Flavobacterium strains and forty-four non-Flavobacterium strains were prepared for specificity verification of candidate target. LAMP primers were designed based on the target sequence and then the amplification system was optimized. The specificity and sensitivity of novel LAMP assay and LAMP based lateral flow dipstick (LFD) visualization method were evaluated. Finally, the anti-interference capability and the accuracy in detecting actual samples were determined. These results showed that the menB target mined in this study exhibited good specificity, and the newly established LAMP method had no cross-reactivity against 12 non-target bacteria trains in optimal conditions. The detection limits for Flavobacterium in pure cultures and mixed spiked fish meat samples were 3.3×102 CFU/mL and 3.3×103 CFU/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection sensitivity and specificity of LAMP-based visualization technique in pure cultures and mixed spiked fish meat samples were comparable to those of the traditional LAMP method. Moreover, it maintained excellent detection performance even under the interference of high concentrations of contaminant bacteria and spoiled fish sample. The detection results of the LAMP-LFD visualization methods for 24 actual samples were consistent with those of the traditional culture method. The novel LAMP visualization technology established in this study provides an efficient and reliable detection method for the prevention and control of Flavobacterium contamination in food, which has important application value and promotion prospects.

, authors=Baoqing ZHOU1, 2, 3, Xudong MAO1, Xiang NIE1, Yingfei ZHU1, Hongwei FAN1, Wenqi XIONG4, Xin WU1, *, Bingfeng MA1, *, authorsList=Baoqing ZHOU, Xudong MAO, Xiang NIE, Yingfei ZHU, Hongwei FAN, Wenqi XIONG, Xin WU, Bingfeng MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xin WU, Bingfeng MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884292872422270, articleId=1320884289194017642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于新型分子靶标的LAMP可视化技术检测新鲜鱼肉中的黄杆菌, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究致力于开发一种基于新型分子靶标的环介导等温扩增(Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP)可视化技术,旨在实现新鲜鱼肉中黄杆菌的同时、快速、灵敏检测。利用全基因测序和泛基因组分析技术系统挖掘黄杆菌属候选分子靶标,通过5株黄杆菌和44株非黄杆菌对候选靶标进行特异性验证。基于靶标序列设计LAMP引物,优化LAMP扩增体系,并对新型LAMP及LAMP横向流动试纸条(Lateral Flow Dipstick,LFD)可视化方法进行特异性、灵敏度评价,最后测定其抗干扰能力及在实际样本检测中的准确性。结果显示本研究挖掘的menB靶标具有良好的特异性,在最佳条件下,LAMP方法针对12株非目标菌无交叉反应,在黄杆菌纯培养物和混合加标鱼肉中的检测限分别为3.3×102 CFU/mL和3.3×103 CFU/g。同时,LAMP可视化技术在纯培养物和混合加标鱼肉样本中检测灵敏度和特异性与传统LAMP方法相当,且在高浓度杂菌和腐败鱼肉样本干扰下,仍保持优异的检测性能。对24份实际样品检测,LAMP-LFD可视化方法检测结果与传统培养法一致。本研究建立的新型LAMP可视化检测技术,为食品中黄杆菌污染防控提供了一种高效、可靠的检测手段,具有重要的应用价值和推广前景。

, authors=周宝青1, 2, 3, 毛旭东1, 聂翔1, 朱应飞1, 范宏伟1, 熊文启4, 吴鑫1, *, 马冰峰1, *, authorsList=周宝青, 毛旭东, 聂翔, 朱应飞, 范宏伟, 熊文启, 吴鑫, 马冰峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴鑫, 马冰峰, authorNote=

周宝青(1992−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品安全快速检测,E-mail:

毛旭东(1997−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:环境科学与质量安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴鑫(1981−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:。
马冰峰(1968−),女,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BKwQ6VePSnwr/O2TSJzOLg==, magXml=RjLyQar+M7aaogJY7FZSTQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qu0gnVcuA5yO+5X8KwHlrg==, pdfFileSize=6651122, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=6YOP3qx0y5NAuhjTtNp/dw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5NPROwj4goPXQww3G2QqvQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884293426070412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=bqnxzhou@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884293526733712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, authorId=1320884293426070412, language=EN, stringName=Baoqing ZHOU, firstName=Baoqing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1Jiangxi Provincial General Institute of Testing and Certification, Nanchang 330052, China
2School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330047
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注:M为DNA marker;C为空白对照;1~5泳道代表5株黄杆菌;6~49泳道代表44株非黄杆菌。

, figureFileSmall=Jqcw2qoyKkI4lhdWEy8y9A==, figureFileBig=SkASveOwonBF2DsEHULGfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298085942211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Optimization of the reaction system conditions for LAMP, figureFileSmall=QtUfTdK/KEceedoHZoEwbQ==, figureFileBig=XZtoV+RwbOiH4/UuKopyLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298169828292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图3, caption=LAMP反应体系条件优化

注:M为DNA marker;(a)1~6泳道分别代表F3/B3:FIP/BIP浓度比为1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8、1:10、1:12(1=0.25 µmol/L);(b)1~8泳道分别代表dNTPs的浓度为0.4、0.6、0.8、1、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8 mmol/L;(c)1~8泳道分别代表Mg2+的浓度为2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16 mmol/L;(d)1~8泳道分别代表扩增温度为58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65 ℃;(e)1~12泳道分别代表扩增时间为5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、50、60、70、80 min。

, figureFileSmall=QtUfTdK/KEceedoHZoEwbQ==, figureFileBig=XZtoV+RwbOiH4/UuKopyLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298249520069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Specificity evaluation of LAMP method, figureFileSmall=zmrq0NhHdP5rycc6NZcoQg==, figureFileBig=Hw8+q9xv3yNGKi0mC9Or8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298320823238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图4, caption=LAMP方法特异性评价

注:M为DNA marker;C为空白对照;P为阳性对照;(a)1~5泳道为表1中5株黄杆菌株;(b)1~12泳道为表1中编号15~26的非目标黄杆菌株。

, figureFileSmall=zmrq0NhHdP5rycc6NZcoQg==, figureFileBig=Hw8+q9xv3yNGKi0mC9Or8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298387932103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sensitivity evaluation of LAMP method, figureFileSmall=ghCjtGDDRkBkDEmT5eWROA==, figureFileBig=FQee6B6RLOO1PknCYMOCCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298450846664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LAMP方法灵敏度评价

注:M为DNA marker;C为空白对照;(a)1~8泳道分别代表柱状黄杆菌ATCC 23463纯培养物浓度:3.3×108、3.3×107、3.3×106、3.3×105、3.3×104、3.3×103、3.3×102、3.3×101 CFU/mL;(b)1~8泳道分别代表5株不同黄杆菌共同加标样本浓度:3.3×109、3.3×108、3.3×107、3.3×106、3.3×105、3.3×104、3.3×103、3.3×102 CFU/g。

, figureFileSmall=ghCjtGDDRkBkDEmT5eWROA==, figureFileBig=FQee6B6RLOO1PknCYMOCCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298509566921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sensitivity evaluation of LAMP visualization method, figureFileSmall=eIXA/+2c0nBPGcyaNtONhQ==, figureFileBig=OWBNxwOW9NZg4gxaKvSLpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298580870090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图6, caption=LAMP可视化方法灵敏度评价

注:(a)编号1~8分别代表柱状黄杆菌ATCC 23463纯培养物浓度:3.3×108、3.3×107、3.3×106、3.3×105、3.3×104、3.3×103、3.3×102、3.3×101 CFU/mL;(b)编号1~8分别代表5株不同黄杆菌混合加标样本浓度:3.3×109、3.3×108、3.3×107、3.3×106、3.3×105、3.3×104、3.3×103、3.3×102 CFU/g。

, figureFileSmall=eIXA/+2c0nBPGcyaNtONhQ==, figureFileBig=OWBNxwOW9NZg4gxaKvSLpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298639590347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Specificity evaluation of LAMP visualization method, figureFileSmall=tYPiqc6pyNhxaStmDF6IUw==, figureFileBig=OOT+lzOIUNylnc+MguYk9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298698310604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图7, caption=LAMP可视化方法特异性评价

注:编号1~5为表2中5株黄杆菌株,编号6~17为表2中编号15~26对应的12株非目标黄杆菌株。

, figureFileSmall=tYPiqc6pyNhxaStmDF6IUw==, figureFileBig=OOT+lzOIUNylnc+MguYk9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298769613773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Anti-interference ability of LAMP visualization method, figureFileSmall=G+tLcfhux7G8EJAB9YTT9Q==, figureFileBig=3x8oHAbFbZ9/etnTFv3y4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884298840916942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图8, caption=LAMP可视化方法抗干扰能力评价

注:(a)体系中柱状黄杆菌与铜绿假单胞菌最终混合比例分别为1:0、1:1、1:2、1:4、1:5、1:8、1:10;(b)编号1~7分别代表黄杆菌在腐败鱼肉样本中终浓度依次为108、107、106、105、104、103、102 CFU/g。

, figureFileSmall=G+tLcfhux7G8EJAB9YTT9Q==, figureFileBig=3x8oHAbFbZ9/etnTFv3y4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884300506055631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Detection of real sample, figureFileSmall=wZocpNo9xZMBHBdKgBPFWA==, figureFileBig=dcUv5a0yYL1FPonKXzFo2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884300568970192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=图9, caption=真实样本检测

注:编号1~6为鲈鱼样本,编号7~16为草鱼样本,编号17~20为金鲳鱼样本,编号21~22为鲟鱼样本,编号23~24为石斑鱼样本。

, figureFileSmall=wZocpNo9xZMBHBdKgBPFWA==, figureFileBig=dcUv5a0yYL1FPonKXzFo2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884300631884753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Bacterial strains for experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号菌株名称拉丁学名菌株编号来源
1沙上黄杆菌Flavobacterium sasangenseA4-1实验室分离株
2柱状黄杆菌Flavobacterium columnareATCC 23463美国菌种保藏中心
3约氏黄杆菌FlavobacteriumjohnsoniaeATCC 17061美国菌种保藏中心
4水生黄杆菌Flavobacterium hydatisATCC 29551美国菌种保藏中心
5水栖黄杆菌Flavobacterium aquatileATCC 11947美国菌种保藏中心
6卡氏变形杆菌Proteus cibarius/实验室分离株
7卡氏变形杆菌Proteus cibarius/实验室分离株
8彭氏变形杆菌Proteus penneri/实验室分离株
9宋内氏志贺氏菌Shigella sonnei/实验室分离株
10奇异变形杆菌Proteus mirabilis/实验室分离株
11普通变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris/实验室分离株
12铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853美国菌种保藏中心
13铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 10104美国菌种保藏中心
14大肠杆菌Escherichia coliCMCC 44103中国医学菌种保藏中心
15奇异变形杆菌Proteus mirabilisCMCC 49005中国医学菌种保藏中心
16普通变形杆菌Proteus vulgarisCMCC 49027中国医学菌种保藏中心
17单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌Listeria monocytogenesATCC 19114美国菌种保藏中心
18副溶血性弧菌Vibrio parahemolyticusATCC 33847美国菌种保藏中心
19铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 15442美国菌种保藏中心
20大肠杆菌Escherichia coliATCC 8739美国菌种保藏中心
21肠炎沙门氏菌Salmonella enteritidisCMCC 50335中国医学菌种保藏中心
22蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereusATCC 14579美国菌种保藏中心
23空肠弯曲菌Campylobacter jejuniATCC 6633美国菌种保藏中心
24金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923美国菌种保藏中心
25气囊水栖菌Enhydrobacter aerosaccus/实验室分离株
26水生鞘氨醇单胞菌Sphingomonas aquatilis/实验室分离株
27小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌Yersinia enterocoliticaCMCC 52204中国医学菌种保藏中心
28阪崎克罗诺杆菌Cronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29544美国菌种保藏中心
29枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis/实验室分离株
30苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis/实验室分离株
31黄奈瑟菌Neisseria flava/实验室分离株
32黏质沙雷菌Serratia marcescens/实验室分离株
33鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii/实验室分离株
34桂林不动杆菌Acinetobacter guillouiae/实验室分离株
35约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii/实验室分离株
36放线杆菌Actinobacteria bacterium/实验室分离株
37空气芽孢杆菌Bacillus aerius/实验室分离株
38黄海芽孢杆菌Bacillus marisflavi/实验室分离株
39新疆奇异球菌Deinococcus xinjiangensis/实验室分离株
40希氏肠球菌Enterococcus hirae/实验室分离株
41印度外生杆菌Exiguobacterium indicum/实验室分离株
42奇异假芽孢杆菌Fictibacillus barbaricus/实验室分离株
43产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca/实验室分离株
44肺炎克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella pneumoniae/实验室分离株
45地衣雷氏菌Leifsonia lichenia/实验室分离株
46弗氏志贺菌Shigella flexneri 2a/实验室分离株
47印度温泉杆菌Calidifontibacter indicus/实验室分离株
48溶酪大球菌Macrococcus caseolyticus/实验室分离株
49水生鞘氨醇单胞菌Sphingomonas aquatilis/实验室分离株
), ArticleFig(id=1320884300715770834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验用菌株信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号菌株名称拉丁学名菌株编号来源
1沙上黄杆菌Flavobacterium sasangenseA4-1实验室分离株
2柱状黄杆菌Flavobacterium columnareATCC 23463美国菌种保藏中心
3约氏黄杆菌FlavobacteriumjohnsoniaeATCC 17061美国菌种保藏中心
4水生黄杆菌Flavobacterium hydatisATCC 29551美国菌种保藏中心
5水栖黄杆菌Flavobacterium aquatileATCC 11947美国菌种保藏中心
6卡氏变形杆菌Proteus cibarius/实验室分离株
7卡氏变形杆菌Proteus cibarius/实验室分离株
8彭氏变形杆菌Proteus penneri/实验室分离株
9宋内氏志贺氏菌Shigella sonnei/实验室分离株
10奇异变形杆菌Proteus mirabilis/实验室分离株
11普通变形杆菌Proteus vulgaris/实验室分离株
12铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853美国菌种保藏中心
13铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 10104美国菌种保藏中心
14大肠杆菌Escherichia coliCMCC 44103中国医学菌种保藏中心
15奇异变形杆菌Proteus mirabilisCMCC 49005中国医学菌种保藏中心
16普通变形杆菌Proteus vulgarisCMCC 49027中国医学菌种保藏中心
17单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌Listeria monocytogenesATCC 19114美国菌种保藏中心
18副溶血性弧菌Vibrio parahemolyticusATCC 33847美国菌种保藏中心
19铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 15442美国菌种保藏中心
20大肠杆菌Escherichia coliATCC 8739美国菌种保藏中心
21肠炎沙门氏菌Salmonella enteritidisCMCC 50335中国医学菌种保藏中心
22蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereusATCC 14579美国菌种保藏中心
23空肠弯曲菌Campylobacter jejuniATCC 6633美国菌种保藏中心
24金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923美国菌种保藏中心
25气囊水栖菌Enhydrobacter aerosaccus/实验室分离株
26水生鞘氨醇单胞菌Sphingomonas aquatilis/实验室分离株
27小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌Yersinia enterocoliticaCMCC 52204中国医学菌种保藏中心
28阪崎克罗诺杆菌Cronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29544美国菌种保藏中心
29枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis/实验室分离株
30苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis/实验室分离株
31黄奈瑟菌Neisseria flava/实验室分离株
32黏质沙雷菌Serratia marcescens/实验室分离株
33鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii/实验室分离株
34桂林不动杆菌Acinetobacter guillouiae/实验室分离株
35约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii/实验室分离株
36放线杆菌Actinobacteria bacterium/实验室分离株
37空气芽孢杆菌Bacillus aerius/实验室分离株
38黄海芽孢杆菌Bacillus marisflavi/实验室分离株
39新疆奇异球菌Deinococcus xinjiangensis/实验室分离株
40希氏肠球菌Enterococcus hirae/实验室分离株
41印度外生杆菌Exiguobacterium indicum/实验室分离株
42奇异假芽孢杆菌Fictibacillus barbaricus/实验室分离株
43产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca/实验室分离株
44肺炎克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella pneumoniae/实验室分离株
45地衣雷氏菌Leifsonia lichenia/实验室分离株
46弗氏志贺菌Shigella flexneri 2a/实验室分离株
47印度温泉杆菌Calidifontibacter indicus/实验室分离株
48溶酪大球菌Macrococcus caseolyticus/实验室分离株
49水生鞘氨醇单胞菌Sphingomonas aquatilis/实验室分离株
), ArticleFig(id=1320884300782879699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primer information for amplification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物类型引物名称引物序列(5'-3')产物长度
PCRFAAATAATGAAGCAAGCCAAAGG142 bp
RTGAATCCATAAAGCACGGAAA
LAMPF3CAGTTGCTAAAAGAGCAAGAA/
B3TCTAGCTCCAGCGTTGAT
FIP1Biotin-CTTAGCAACTGTCCAAACGTTTTTAGAAAAAAAATAATGAAGCAAGCC
BIP1FAM-AATGCGGTAGAGAAAGCGATGAGTTGAATCCATAAAGCACGG
), ArticleFig(id=1320884300866765780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

扩增引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物类型引物名称引物序列(5'-3')产物长度
PCRFAAATAATGAAGCAAGCCAAAGG142 bp
RTGAATCCATAAAGCACGGAAA
LAMPF3CAGTTGCTAAAAGAGCAAGAA/
B3TCTAGCTCCAGCGTTGAT
FIP1Biotin-CTTAGCAACTGTCCAAACGTTTTTAGAAAAAAAATAATGAAGCAAGCC
BIP1FAM-AATGCGGTAGAGAAAGCGATGAGTTGAATCCATAAAGCACGG
), ArticleFig(id=1320884300950651861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Molecular target information of Flavobacterium spp.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种代表菌株靶标基因基因位置编码蛋白靶标序列
黄杆菌柱状黄杆
菌94-081
menB1578547~
1578891
1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酰辅酶A合成酶蛋白ATGCCAAGATCGGTAAATTCAGTTGCTAAAAGAGCAAGAAGAAAAAAAATAATGAAGCAAGCCAAAGGTTTCTTTGGTAGACGTAAAAACGTTTGGACAGTTGCTAAGAATGCGGTAGAGAAAGCGATGAGCTACGCTTACCGTGACAGAAAACAGAATAAAAGAAATTTCCGTGCTTTATGGATTCAACGTATCAACGCTGGAGCTAGATTAGAAGGAATGTCTTATTCTCAATTCATGGGGAAAGTAAAAGCTAACGGAATCGAATTGAACCGTAAAGTTCTTGCAGATTTAGCGATGAACCACCCTGAAGCTTTCAAAGCAATACTTAATAAAGTAAAATAA
), ArticleFig(id=1320884301009372118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884289194017642, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

黄杆菌特异分子靶标信息

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菌种代表菌株靶标基因基因位置编码蛋白靶标序列
黄杆菌柱状黄杆
菌94-081
menB1578547~
1578891
1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酰辅酶A合成酶蛋白ATGCCAAGATCGGTAAATTCAGTTGCTAAAAGAGCAAGAAGAAAAAAAATAATGAAGCAAGCCAAAGGTTTCTTTGGTAGACGTAAAAACGTTTGGACAGTTGCTAAGAATGCGGTAGAGAAAGCGATGAGCTACGCTTACCGTGACAGAAAACAGAATAAAAGAAATTTCCGTGCTTTATGGATTCAACGTATCAACGCTGGAGCTAGATTAGAAGGAATGTCTTATTCTCAATTCATGGGGAAAGTAAAAGCTAACGGAATCGAATTGAACCGTAAAGTTCTTGCAGATTTAGCGATGAACCACCCTGAAGCTTTCAAAGCAATACTTAATAAAGTAAAATAA
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基于新型分子靶标的LAMP可视化技术检测新鲜鱼肉中的黄杆菌
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周宝青 1, 2, 3 , 毛旭东 1 , 聂翔 1 , 朱应飞 1 , 范宏伟 1 , 熊文启 4 , 吴鑫 1, * , 马冰峰 1, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(7): 357-366
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (7) : 357 -366
基于新型分子靶标的LAMP可视化技术检测新鲜鱼肉中的黄杆菌
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周宝青1, 2, 3 , 毛旭东1 , 聂翔1, 朱应飞1, 范宏伟1, 熊文启4, 吴鑫1, * , 马冰峰1, *
作者信息
  • 1江西省检验检测认证总院,江西南昌 330052
  • 2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330047
  • 3南昌市食品快速检测重点实验室,江西南昌 330200
  • 4香港都会大学科技学院,香港 999077
通讯作者:
吴鑫(1981−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:。
马冰峰(1968−),女,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:。
作者简介:

周宝青(1992−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:食品安全快速检测,E-mail:

毛旭东(1997−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:环境科学与质量安全,E-mail:

Detection of Flavobacterium spp. in Fresh Fish Meat Using a LAMP Visualization Technique Based on Novel Molecular Targets
Baoqing ZHOU1, 2, 3 , Xudong MAO1 , Xiang NIE1, Yingfei ZHU1, Hongwei FAN1, Wenqi XIONG4, Xin WU1, * , Bingfeng MA1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Jiangxi Provincial General Institute of Testing and Certification, Nanchang 330052, China
  • 2School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
  • 3Nanchang Key Laboratory of Food Rapid Testing, Nanchang 330200, China
  • 4School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong 999077, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040276
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本研究致力于开发一种基于新型分子靶标的环介导等温扩增(Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP)可视化技术,旨在实现新鲜鱼肉中黄杆菌的同时、快速、灵敏检测。利用全基因测序和泛基因组分析技术系统挖掘黄杆菌属候选分子靶标,通过5株黄杆菌和44株非黄杆菌对候选靶标进行特异性验证。基于靶标序列设计LAMP引物,优化LAMP扩增体系,并对新型LAMP及LAMP横向流动试纸条(Lateral Flow Dipstick,LFD)可视化方法进行特异性、灵敏度评价,最后测定其抗干扰能力及在实际样本检测中的准确性。结果显示本研究挖掘的menB靶标具有良好的特异性,在最佳条件下,LAMP方法针对12株非目标菌无交叉反应,在黄杆菌纯培养物和混合加标鱼肉中的检测限分别为3.3×102 CFU/mL和3.3×103 CFU/g。同时,LAMP可视化技术在纯培养物和混合加标鱼肉样本中检测灵敏度和特异性与传统LAMP方法相当,且在高浓度杂菌和腐败鱼肉样本干扰下,仍保持优异的检测性能。对24份实际样品检测,LAMP-LFD可视化方法检测结果与传统培养法一致。本研究建立的新型LAMP可视化检测技术,为食品中黄杆菌污染防控提供了一种高效、可靠的检测手段,具有重要的应用价值和推广前景。

黄杆菌  /  分子靶标  /  环介导等温扩增(LAMP)  /  横向流动试纸条(LFD)  /  快速检测

This study was dedicated to developing a visualization technique based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with novel molecular targets, aiming to simultaneously, rapidly, and sensitively detect Flavobacterium spp. in fresh fish meat. The whole-genome sequencing and pan-genome analysis techniques were employed to systematically mine the candidate target of the Flavobacterium genus. Five Flavobacterium strains and forty-four non-Flavobacterium strains were prepared for specificity verification of candidate target. LAMP primers were designed based on the target sequence and then the amplification system was optimized. The specificity and sensitivity of novel LAMP assay and LAMP based lateral flow dipstick (LFD) visualization method were evaluated. Finally, the anti-interference capability and the accuracy in detecting actual samples were determined. These results showed that the menB target mined in this study exhibited good specificity, and the newly established LAMP method had no cross-reactivity against 12 non-target bacteria trains in optimal conditions. The detection limits for Flavobacterium in pure cultures and mixed spiked fish meat samples were 3.3×102 CFU/mL and 3.3×103 CFU/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection sensitivity and specificity of LAMP-based visualization technique in pure cultures and mixed spiked fish meat samples were comparable to those of the traditional LAMP method. Moreover, it maintained excellent detection performance even under the interference of high concentrations of contaminant bacteria and spoiled fish sample. The detection results of the LAMP-LFD visualization methods for 24 actual samples were consistent with those of the traditional culture method. The novel LAMP visualization technology established in this study provides an efficient and reliable detection method for the prevention and control of Flavobacterium contamination in food, which has important application value and promotion prospects.

Flavobacterium  /  molecular target  /  loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)  /  lateral flow dipstick (LFD)  /  rapid detection
周宝青, 毛旭东, 聂翔, 朱应飞, 范宏伟, 熊文启, 吴鑫, 马冰峰. 基于新型分子靶标的LAMP可视化技术检测新鲜鱼肉中的黄杆菌. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 357 -366 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040276
Baoqing ZHOU, Xudong MAO, Xiang NIE, Yingfei ZHU, Hongwei FAN, Wenqi XIONG, Xin WU, Bingfeng MA. Detection of Flavobacterium spp. in Fresh Fish Meat Using a LAMP Visualization Technique Based on Novel Molecular Targets[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 357 -366 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040276
黄杆菌(Flavobacterium)隶属于黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae),是一类革兰氏阴性杆菌,菌体呈长弯状、无动力、无芽孢、无荚膜[1−2],常见黄杆菌有柱状黄杆菌(Flavobacterium columnare)、嗜冷黄杆菌(Flavobacterium psychrophilum)、水生黄杆菌(Flavobacterium hydatis)、嗜盐黄杆菌(Flavobacterium halmephilum)等[3−4]。黄杆菌在自然环境如水体、土壤、食品等中广泛分布,作为食品中腐败优势菌群,嗜盐黄杆菌、嗜冷黄杆菌等在低温和高盐环境中仍具备较强生存能力,可在鱼肉表面或内部快速繁殖,通过分泌蛋白酶、脂肪酶等代谢酶类降解鱼肉中的蛋白质与脂肪,产生胺类、硫化物等异味物质,引发鱼肉腐败现象,对新鲜鱼肉及其制品等造成显著污染[5−9]。据统计,我国的肉类和水产品腐败率高达10%~15%,给社会经济造成巨大损失[10]。在水环境中,嗜冷黄杆菌、柱状黄杆菌是鱼类主要致病菌,感染后会导致鱼类体表脓肿或肌肉溃疡、烂鳃等,严重时可造成急性死亡[11]。有研究表明,脑膜脓毒性黄杆菌等可引发人类感染,导致呕吐、腹胀甚至脑膜炎、败血症等[12−13],耐药实验发现,分离出的黄杆菌表现出多重耐药性[14−16]。黄杆菌引发的危害通常并非单一菌种单独作用所致,而是多种黄杆菌协同作用的结果[17−18]。因此,从属水平对多种黄杆菌进行精准检测,防范其潜在污染风险至关重要。
传统分离培养法作为微生物检测的经典方法,虽被视为“金标准”,但存在检测周期长、操作流程复杂、劳动强度大等显著局限性[19]。随着分子生物学的发展,以聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)为主的分子检测方法凭借快速、准确、操作简便等优势,逐步成为主流检测方法[20]。然而,PCR方法依赖专业的热循环扩增仪,检测门槛较高,难以满足基层检测需求[21]。环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP),是一种对专业设备依赖程度低、高灵敏度的核酸扩增方法,可在短时间(60 min 内)、恒温(60 ℃)条件下实现109~1010倍的扩增[22−23]。普通LAMP方法通过开盖和凝胶电泳进行分析,易造成实验环境的气溶胶污染。为降低实验过程交叉污染风险,陈雨珊等[24]建立了LAMP荧光可视化方法快速检测肺炎克雷伯菌,大大减少了分析过程中的交叉污染,在不富集的条件下灵敏度达到1.5 ng/μL。为了进一步提高LAMP方法准确性和适应性,Wachiralurpan等[25]设计了biotin和FITC标记引物,成功建立了一种LAMP试纸条(Lateral Flow Dipstick,LFD)平台,该方法在纯培养中检测限为2.82 CFU/mL。基于LAMP和试纸条平台的检测方法,在黄杆菌快速、灵敏、精准鉴定中展现出显著的应用潜力。高特异性检测靶标的选择直接决定了分子检测方法的灵敏度和准确性。然而,现有靶标筛选大多通过特定毒力基因序列的比对获取,如针对嗜冷黄杆菌的相关毒力基因parE、rpoc[26−27]、针对柱状黄杆菌的毒力基因cacL[28]等,这种比对方式存在比对效率和准确性较低的问题,并且由于基因突变或基因表达缺失,不含毒力基因的阳性细菌易造成漏检。其次,现有靶标仅可在种水平上检测少数种黄杆菌,难以实现属水平上的同时检测。随着黄杆菌新种不断被鉴定,基于现有特异性靶标难以满足精准检测的需求。因此,挖掘新型特异性靶标,并构建低门槛分析检测技术用于黄杆菌属快速、精确定量具有重要意义。
本研究应用全基因测序和泛基因组分析技术系统挖掘黄杆菌属特异性分子检测靶标,并建立LAMP-LFD可视化检测体系,旨在实现食品中黄杆菌属的快速、精准检测,为食品中黄杆菌污染防控提供新技术支持。
营养肉汤、R2A培养基 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;Bst2.0 WarmStart® DNA聚合酶 新西兰Biolabs公司;上样缓冲液、2×PCR mix、硫酸镁溶液、等温扩增缓冲液、甜菜碱、琼脂糖、核酸染料、DNA提取试剂盒 北京索莱宝公司;氯化钠、无水乙醇 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;抗FITC抗体、抗生物素抗体、羊抗鼠IgG抗体 北京博奥森生物技术有限公司;NC膜、样品垫、结合垫、吸水纸、底板 上海杰一生物技术有限公司;新鲜鱼肉 当地水产市场;实验所用菌株信息详见表1。
Biometra TOne 96G热循环仪 德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司;Tanon-2500凝胶成像系统 上海天能科技有限公司;PowerPac Basic电泳仪 美国Bio-Rad公司;HK-C2S垂直洁净工作台、WBK-4B电热恒温水浴锅、SHP-250生化培养箱 广东环凯微生物科技有限公司;Milli-Q超纯水系统 美国Milli pore公司;Pulsifier II脉冲式均质器 英国Microgen公司;ES-215高压灭菌器 日本 Tomy Digital Biology公司;FICI-S1比色读取仪 杭州丰航生物科技有限公司。
从NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome)官网下载271株黄杆菌(包含43个黄杆菌种)和40株其他常见食源性病原菌(包括:金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、铜绿假单胞菌等)的全基因组数据,利用泛基因组分析筛选分子检测靶标。如图1A,基本流程包括:使用Prokka v1.11对所有基因组序列进行批量注释,构建泛基因组分析数据库,然后利用Roary v3.11.2进行基因序列比对筛选出候选靶标,最后基于NCBI数据库中的BLAST工具再次对候选序列进行比对,筛除相似序列,最终得到特异性分子靶标。基于挖掘到的特异性分子靶标,使用Oligo软件和http://primerexplorer.jp/e/中在线软件Primer Explorer 6分别进行PCR和LAMP引物设计。引物交由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成,引物详细信息如下表2。
如表1,本研究所用菌株来自实验室保存的菌株。黄杆菌经过活化后接种于5 mL的R2A培养基中,25 ℃、150 r/min培养24 h。其他非目标菌株接种于5 mL的营养肉汤中,37 ℃、180 r/min培养过夜,分别取1 mL新鲜菌液于2 mL离心管中,在10000 r/min高速离心5 min,保留沉淀,使用灭菌水洗涤三次后用100 μL无菌水重悬,按照DNA提取试剂盒操作说明进行。所制备的DNA使用酶标仪测定浓度和纯度(纯度:OD260/280=1.8~2.0,OD260/230≥2.0,浓度≥50 ng/μL),最后保存于−20 ℃备用。
为了评价新黄杆菌分子靶标特异性,提取表1中49株实验菌基因组DNA为分子扩增模板,利用普通PCR反应验证。反应总体积10 µL,包括2×PCR mix 5 µL、10 µmol/L上、下游引物各1 µL,基因组DNA 2 µL,无菌水1 µL,使用Biometra TOne 96G热循环仪进行扩增反应,设置程序如下:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃ 40 s,55 ℃ 50 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。最后取3 μL扩增产物,使用2%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳分析。靶标特异性好的判断标准:目标菌DNA扩增出单一目标条带,非目标菌DNA无扩增条带。
根据新挖掘黄杆菌靶标序列构建新型LAMP反应体系,反应总体积25 µL,包括:外引物F3/B3各0.5 μL,内引物FIP/BIP各1 μL,10×Isothermal Amplication Buffer 2.5 μL,Bst2.0 WarmStart® DNA聚合酶0.5 μL,dNTPs 1 μL,甜菜碱3 μL,MgSO4 1 μL,DNA模板1 μL,无菌水补足体系。在60 ℃下反应一段时间后,85 ℃灭活10 min。产物通过2.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。对关键反应参数进行优化,包括内外引物浓度比(F3/B3:FIP/BIP=1:1、1:2、1:4、1:8、1:10、1:12,其中1=0.25 µmol/L),dNTPs浓度(0.4、0.6、0.8、1、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8 mmol/L),Mg2+浓度(2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16 mmol/L),扩增温度(58、59、60、61、62、63、64、65 ℃),反应时间(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、50、60、70、80 min),优化单一因素时,其它因素的浓度采用Bst2.0 WarmStart® DNA聚合酶说明书的建议浓度以及已经优化后的浓度。根据电泳条带有无和清晰度来确定最佳工作浓度。
为了评价LAMP方法特异性,使用试剂盒提取5株黄杆菌和12株非黄杆菌DNA,无菌水为阴性对照,按照上述优化条件配制LAMP反应体系,LAMP反应后,产物通过2.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。LAMP方法特异性好的判断标准:目标菌DNA存在时扩增出清晰的阶梯形条带,非目标菌DNA无扩增条带。为进一步验证LAMP方法灵敏度,接种柱状黄杆菌ATCC23463于R2A培养基中,25 ℃、150 r/min培养24 h至菌落数约108 CFU/mL,按照国标(GB 4789.2-2022)方法进行菌落计数[29]。使用无菌水对初始菌液进行10倍稀释,得到101~108 CFU/mL纯培养液,提取所有梯度纯培养液DNA进行LAMP扩增反应。为了进一步分析LAMP方法在人工加标样本中的灵敏度,新鲜鱼肉样本于当地水产市场购买,按照国标(GB4789.20-2024)方法进行[30]。在实验室无菌环境中,用75%乙醇洗涤新鲜鱼肉表面,用无菌刀片切除表面,重复3次,以最大程度降低初始微生物污染。分别取处理好鱼肉的腮腺、体表、肌肉、胃肠消化道10 g放入无菌平皿中,通过R2A培养基铺板检测新鲜鱼肉中是否存在微生物。结果显示未出现微生物后,用无菌剪刀剪取25 g的腮腺、体表、肌肉、胃肠消化道混合样放入装有225 mL无菌生理盐水的无菌均质袋中,并加入5株不同黄杆菌纯培养物的混合液,均质2 min后进行菌落计数。用无菌生理盐水对均质液10倍梯度稀释,制备101~108 CFU/mL的人工污染模拟样品。每个稀释度样品取1 mL,800 r/min离心2 min去除鱼肉组织沉淀,将上清液转移至新的无菌离心管,10000 r/min离心5 min去上清,用100 µL无菌水重悬沉淀,提取所有样本DNA进行LAMP扩增反应。每个样本重复检测3次。
如图1B,在本研究建立的LAMP扩增体系基础上,将LAMP扩增产物用无菌水稀释10倍,取80 μL稀释液和2 μL 1 mg/mL的纳米金修饰的聚多巴胺(Au@PDA)探针充分混匀后滴于预先准备好的试纸条样品垫中,室温反应15 min,通过裸眼判读T、C线条带并记录检测结果。如图1所示,试纸条为实验室自研,主要由样品垫、吸收垫、NC膜三部分组成,其中T线上标记物为Anti-Biotin抗体,C线上标记物为Goat anti-mouse IgG抗体。
为了评估LAMP可视化方法检测能力,按照1.2.5中操作步骤准备对应的测试样本,样本提取DNA后,采用新建立的LAMP可视化方法进行裸眼检测,每个样本重复检测3次。
为保证黄杆菌LAMP可视化方法在复杂环境中的抗干扰能力,分别探究其在杂菌和腐败鱼肉样本中检测目标菌的准确性。将新培养至浓度为108 CFU/mL的柱状黄杆菌ATCC23463和109 CFU/mL铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853按照一定比例混合,得到柱状黄杆菌与铜绿假单胞菌最终浓度比分别为1:0、1:1、1:2、1:4、1:5、1:8、1:10的混合菌液样本。其次,将不同浓度柱状黄杆菌分别添加到腐败鱼肉中,得到目标菌浓度为102~108 CFU/g的混合样本。所有样本按照1.2.2操作提取DNA模板,采用新建立的LAMP可视化方法进行检测,每个样本重复检测3次。
从当地水产市场购买草鱼、鲈鱼、金鲳鱼、鲟鱼、石斑鱼5种24份样本,1份加标草鱼阳性样本,共25份样本。按照国标(GB 4789.20-2024)方法制备样本均质液,按照1.2.2中方法提取所有均质液DNA,分别用本研究建立的新型LAMP方法和LAMP可视化方法进行检测,每个样本重复检测3次。为了保证检测结果准确性,采用国标(GB 4789.2-2022)[29]方法结合黄杆菌选择性培养基对样本进行检测,对检测结果进行比较。
所有实验均进行3次重复实验,使用WPS Office 2023及SigmaPlot 12.5软件进行分析及绘制图表。
在细菌的遗传进化过程中,核心基因扮演着关键角色,其序列稳定性较高。在进化关系相近的细菌之间,核心基因通常会呈现出相似的突变情况。相较于全基因组序列比对,以核心基因作为标记,所需的计算量更少,效率更高[31]。在本实验中,311株菌全基因组序列进行Roary分析(Identity阈值设置为85%),其核心基因为超过99%的菌株中含有的基因,最终获得1条黄杆菌属分子候选靶标menB,其中柱状黄杆菌94-081为参考菌株,详细序列如表3。通过生物学功能预测分析,menB为编码1,4-二羟基-2-萘甲酰辅酶A合成酶蛋白。文献调研发现,该候选靶标之前从未报道过。为进一步评估候选靶标在实际应用中的特异性,选择5株目标黄杆菌株和44株食品和水环境中常见病原菌进行PCR验证,结果发现5株阳性菌均出现目标条带,其他阴性菌和质控菌均未出现条带(图2),说明menB靶标具有良好的特异性,可用于分子检测技术建立。
为了实现黄杆菌属等温、低设备门槛快速检测,本研究基于特异性分子靶标menB,设计对应的LAMP引物,建立了新型LAMP扩增方法,并对关键反应进行优化,最佳优化条件通过阶梯条带的有无及清晰度来确定。如图3a所示,随着F3/B3:FIP/BIP浓度比逐渐增加扩增效率不断提高,浓度比为1:8时阶梯形条带数量及亮度趋于稳定,扩增效率最高;图3b中dNTPs浓度在0.4~1.2 mmol/L时扩增效率不断提高,1.2 mmol/L时达到最高,更高浓度时扩增效率趋于稳定,当浓度达到1.8 mmol/L,扩增效率出现显著抑制。图3c中随着Mg2+浓度的增加,LAMP扩增效率增大,4 mmol/L时扩增效率最高,当Mg2+浓度继续增加时,扩增效率反而降低直到完全抑制。图3d中随着扩增温度的升高,LAMP扩增效率先升高后降低,在62 ℃时扩增效率最高,此时阶梯形条带数量最多、亮度最高。图3e中随着扩增时间的增加,LAMP扩增效率不断提高,在50 min时趋于稳定,此时扩增效率最高。综上,LAMP扩增体系最优反应条件为:F3/B3:FIP/BIP=1:8、Mg2+浓度为4 mmol/L、dNTPs浓度为1.2 mmol/L、扩增温度为62 ℃、扩增时间为50 min。
为系统评估新型LAMP方法在鱼肉制品中抗杂菌干扰下检测的准确性,本实验选取5株黄杆菌和12株在水环境中及鱼肉制品中常见致病菌代表菌株用于验证LAMP方法的特异性。如图4a所示,泳道1~5对应的5株黄杆菌均产生阶梯形扩增条带,而12株非黄杆菌和空白对照均无扩增条带产生(图4b所示)。结果表明本研究建立的新型LAMP扩增方法具有良好的特异性。
R2A计数平板结果显示黄杆菌新鲜菌液浓度为3.3×108 CFU/mL,通过10倍稀释法制备3.3×101~3.3×108 CFU/mL纯培养液样本,分别提取基因组DNA进行LAMP方法灵敏度检测。检测结果如图5a所示,泳道7产生微弱的梯形条带,泳道8和空白对照未出现扩增条带,因此新型LAMP方法的灵敏度为3.3×102 CFU/mL。按照1.2.5方法制备包含5株不同黄杆菌液终浓度为3.3×102~3.3×109 CFU/g人工加标混合样本,进一步分析LAMP方法在人工加标样本中的灵敏度。检测结果如图5b所示,泳道7产生微弱的梯形条带,泳道8和空白对照未出现扩增条带,因此新型LAMP方法在混合加标样本中灵敏度为3.3×103 CFU/g。本实验结果显示LAMP方法在纯培养液和混合加标样本中检测灵敏度相当,证明所建立的LAMP方法在检测不同基质中的黄杆菌中具有较好的准确性,但由于食品基质的干扰,加标样本中扩增信号相比在纯培养液中均有所降低。
为了实现黄杆菌低成本、现场即时检测,本研究将新型LAMP方法与试纸条平台结合,进一步拓宽其方法适用性。目标菌存在时,LAMP扩增反应发生,此时扩增产物两端分别带有FAM和Biotin标记,与体系中Anti-FAM抗体标记的Au@PDA探针和T线上标记的Anti-Biotin抗体形成双抗“夹心”模式,产生灰色条带,同时C线标记Goat anti-mouse IgG抗体与抗体标记的显色探针结合产生灰色条带;反之,不存在目标菌时,不发生LAMP扩增反应,T线无法形成双抗“夹心”模式,仅C线出现单一条带。如图6a所示,新型LAMP可视化方法在纯培养液中检测灵敏度为3.3×102 CFU/mL。新型LAMP方法在混合加标样本中灵敏度为3.3×103 CFU/g(图6b)。上述结果证明本研究构建的新型LAMP可视化方法可通过裸眼准确检测不同基质中的黄杆菌。
如图7所示,5株黄杆菌对应的试纸条均出现两个明显的灰色条带,而12株非黄杆菌仅出现一个条带,表明本研究建立的新型LAMP可视化方法具有良好的特异性。
如图8a所示,在新型LAMP可视化检测后,以柱状黄杆菌与铜绿假单胞菌混合比例1:0为对照,除了1:10外,其他5个比例下检测试纸条裸眼均可看到与对照组一致的两条清晰、灰度均一的条带。如图8b所示,针对不同浓度黄杆菌加标腐败鱼肉样本检测时,样本浓度为103 CFU/g时,试纸条上依然可以看到较弱的两条灰色带,此时本方法灵敏度依然能达到103 CFU/g,与加标新鲜鱼肉样本保持一致。上述结果证明该LAMP可视化方法在高浓度非目标物和腐败鱼肉样本中,其检测信号受到一定的干扰,但可接受的是,该方法具有较强抗干扰能力和适应性。
采用本方法对购自水产市场的5种共24个新鲜鱼肉样品分别进行检测,如图9所示,在阳性对照下,LAMP可视化方法成功检出1个黄杆菌阳性样本,与传统培养法检测结果一致。
本研究通过泛基因组分析技术和PCR验证实验成功挖掘了一个新型、高特异性的黄杆菌属分子靶标menB,基于该靶标设计了对应的LAMP引物,成功构建了新型LAMP技术用于样本中黄杆菌属快速检测。该LAMP方法针对5株黄杆菌和12株非黄杆菌检测中,展现出良好的特异性。在未预增菌情况下,纯培养液和混合加标鱼肉样本中灵敏度分别为3.3×102 CFU/mL和3.3×103 CFU/g,与现有PCR方法灵敏度相当。为降低实验过程中的交叉污染风险,本研究成功引入试纸条平台,实现了黄杆菌现场、可视化检测。该方法同样具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,在高浓度杂菌和腐败鱼肉样本干扰情况下,依然保持稳定、准确、特异的检测结果。针对24份新鲜鱼肉样品检测,成功检出1份黄杆菌阳性样本,与传统培养法检测结果一致。因此,本研究成功构建了一种新型的LAMP可视化方法,可实现不同样本中多种黄杆菌的快速、灵敏、特异性检测,为食品中的黄杆菌精准检测提供了新的方向,但是目前该方法只能用于半定量检测,后续研究中可在已挖掘的特异性分子靶标基础上,开发新型、灵敏检测探针或结合数字PCR、微流控一体化技术平台,真正实现样本中快速、定量检测,为食品安全监测及临床精准治疗提供技术支持。

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2026年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040276
  • 接收时间:2025-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22
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    1江西省检验检测认证总院,江西南昌 330052
    2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330047
    3南昌市食品快速检测重点实验室,江西南昌 330200
    4香港都会大学科技学院,香港 999077

通讯作者:

吴鑫(1981−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:。
马冰峰(1968−),女,硕士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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