Article(id=1320884167408202493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040270, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745251200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852926350, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852926350, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852926350, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852926350, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=386, endPage=394, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884167596946174, articleId=1320884167408202493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Inhibitory Effect of Low Voltage Electrostatic Field Treatment on Postharvest Alternaria Rot of Apricot Fruit, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of low voltage electrostatic field (LVEF) treatment on Alternaria rot in apricot fruit, 'Chuanzhihong' apricots were used as the experimental material. The fruits were wound-inoculated with Alternaria alternata and stored under a 1500 V LVEF environment at 25±1 ℃ and 80%~85% relative humidity. Physiological and biochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the inhibitory effect of LVEF treatment on Alternaria rot development during storage. The results demonstrated that LVEF treatment significantly inhibited the infection process of the pathogen. Compared to the control (CK) group, LVEF treatment reduced the disease incidence by 41.18% and the lesion diameter by 31.20% (day 6). In terms of oxidative stress, the contents of malondialdehyde (day 2) and hydrogen peroxide (day 6) were significantly lower in the LVEF group than in the CK group, decreasing by 29.41% and 19.75%, respectively. Additionally, the production rate of superoxide anion (day 6) was also decreased significantly, showing a reduction of 5.42%. Furthermore, LVEF treatment suppressed the activity of polyphenol oxidase while increased the content of reduced glutathione by 1.81% (day 4). Regarding antioxidant enzyme activity regulation, LVEF treatment significantly enhanced the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, while peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were also increased. In terms of disease resistance, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase significantly increased by 5.86% and 1.17% (day 6), respectively, while the contents of total phenols and flavonoids increased by 1.75% and 4.35% (day 6). In conclusion, LVEF preservation technology could effectively inhibit the disease occurrence of Alternaria rot and showed promising application potential for controlling postharvest diseases in apricot fruit.

, authors=Yuelan LIU1, 2, Yunxiang WANG2, Yanyan ZHENG2, Jinhua ZUO2, Yamei WANG1, Nan JIANG1, Zhe GAO1, *, authorsList=Yuelan LIU, Yunxiang WANG, Yanyan ZHENG, Jinhua ZUO, Yamei WANG, Nan JIANG, Zhe GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhe GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884171350848275, articleId=1320884167408202493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低压静电场处理对杏果实采后黑斑病的抑制作用, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究低压静电场(low voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)处理对杏果实黑斑病的影响,本文以‘串支红’杏果实为实验对象,损伤接种链格孢菌,贮藏在25±1 ℃和相对湿度80%~85%的1500 V LVEF环境中。通过测量生理生化指标,探究贮藏过程中LVEF处理对杏果实黑斑病的抑制作用。结果表明,LVEF处理显著抑制了病原菌的侵染进程,使接种发病率(第6 d)较CK组降低41.18%,病斑直径(第6 d)减少31.20%。在氧化应激方面,LVEF组丙二醛含量(第2 d)和过氧化氢(第6 d)含量均显著低于CK组,分别降低了29.41%和19.75%,同时,超氧阴离子(第6 d)产生速率也显著下降,降低了5.42%。此外,LVEF处理还抑制了多酚氧化酶的活性,同时使还原性谷胱甘肽(第4 d)含量提高1.81%。在抗氧化酶活性调控方面,LVEF处理显著增强了过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性,同时过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性也明显提升。在抗病方面,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(第6 d)和几丁质酶(第6 d)的活性显著升高,分别升高了5.86%和1.17%,总酚(第6 d)和类黄酮(第6 d)的含量增加1.75%和4.35%。综上所述,LVEF保鲜技术能够显著抑制黑斑病的发生,在抑制杏果实采后病害方面展现出良好的应用前景。

, authors=刘悦兰1, 2, 王云香2, 郑鄢燕2, 左进华2, 王亚美1, 蒋楠1, 高哲1, *, authorsList=刘悦兰, 王云香, 郑鄢燕, 左进华, 王亚美, 蒋楠, 高哲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=高哲, authorNote=

刘悦兰(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
高哲(1979−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Xri92teL5sDuxKDA8FXuoA==, magXml=FhnC6Y36ehTVEnep6f4JfQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=YGIGnwGUao5wMh6Fncoo+A==, pdfFileSize=4017255, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=PKIojhRNbifughfhjYCg+w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BxylykYQvRT6QHDtkYlvQQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884172038714139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884167408202493, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=19935452097@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884172185514782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884167408202493, authorId=1320884172038714139, language=EN, stringName=Yuelan LIU, firstName=Yuelan, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
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注:不同小写字母代表同一贮藏期间各组数值差异显著(P<0.05);图4~图10同。

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低压静电场处理对杏果实采后黑斑病的抑制作用
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刘悦兰 1, 2 , 王云香 2 , 郑鄢燕 2 , 左进华 2 , 王亚美 1 , 蒋楠 1 , 高哲 1, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(7): 386-394
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (7) : 386 -394
低压静电场处理对杏果实采后黑斑病的抑制作用
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刘悦兰1, 2 , 王云香2, 郑鄢燕2, 左进华2, 王亚美1, 蒋楠1, 高哲1, *
作者信息
  • 1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
  • 2北京市农林科学院农产品加工与食品营养研究所,北京 100097
通讯作者:
高哲(1979−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘悦兰(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工与安全,E-mail:

Inhibitory Effect of Low Voltage Electrostatic Field Treatment on Postharvest Alternaria Rot of Apricot Fruit
Yuelan LIU1, 2 , Yunxiang WANG2, Yanyan ZHENG2, Jinhua ZUO2, Yamei WANG1, Nan JIANG1, Zhe GAO1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
  • 2Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040270
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为探究低压静电场(low voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)处理对杏果实黑斑病的影响,本文以‘串支红’杏果实为实验对象,损伤接种链格孢菌,贮藏在25±1 ℃和相对湿度80%~85%的1500 V LVEF环境中。通过测量生理生化指标,探究贮藏过程中LVEF处理对杏果实黑斑病的抑制作用。结果表明,LVEF处理显著抑制了病原菌的侵染进程,使接种发病率(第6 d)较CK组降低41.18%,病斑直径(第6 d)减少31.20%。在氧化应激方面,LVEF组丙二醛含量(第2 d)和过氧化氢(第6 d)含量均显著低于CK组,分别降低了29.41%和19.75%,同时,超氧阴离子(第6 d)产生速率也显著下降,降低了5.42%。此外,LVEF处理还抑制了多酚氧化酶的活性,同时使还原性谷胱甘肽(第4 d)含量提高1.81%。在抗氧化酶活性调控方面,LVEF处理显著增强了过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶的活性,同时过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性也明显提升。在抗病方面,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(第6 d)和几丁质酶(第6 d)的活性显著升高,分别升高了5.86%和1.17%,总酚(第6 d)和类黄酮(第6 d)的含量增加1.75%和4.35%。综上所述,LVEF保鲜技术能够显著抑制黑斑病的发生,在抑制杏果实采后病害方面展现出良好的应用前景。

低压静电场  /  杏  /  黑斑病  /  贮藏  /  品质

To investigate the effect of low voltage electrostatic field (LVEF) treatment on Alternaria rot in apricot fruit, 'Chuanzhihong' apricots were used as the experimental material. The fruits were wound-inoculated with Alternaria alternata and stored under a 1500 V LVEF environment at 25±1 ℃ and 80%~85% relative humidity. Physiological and biochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the inhibitory effect of LVEF treatment on Alternaria rot development during storage. The results demonstrated that LVEF treatment significantly inhibited the infection process of the pathogen. Compared to the control (CK) group, LVEF treatment reduced the disease incidence by 41.18% and the lesion diameter by 31.20% (day 6). In terms of oxidative stress, the contents of malondialdehyde (day 2) and hydrogen peroxide (day 6) were significantly lower in the LVEF group than in the CK group, decreasing by 29.41% and 19.75%, respectively. Additionally, the production rate of superoxide anion (day 6) was also decreased significantly, showing a reduction of 5.42%. Furthermore, LVEF treatment suppressed the activity of polyphenol oxidase while increased the content of reduced glutathione by 1.81% (day 4). Regarding antioxidant enzyme activity regulation, LVEF treatment significantly enhanced the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, while peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were also increased. In terms of disease resistance, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chitinase significantly increased by 5.86% and 1.17% (day 6), respectively, while the contents of total phenols and flavonoids increased by 1.75% and 4.35% (day 6). In conclusion, LVEF preservation technology could effectively inhibit the disease occurrence of Alternaria rot and showed promising application potential for controlling postharvest diseases in apricot fruit.

low voltage electrostatic field  /  apricot  /  black spot disease  /  storage  /  quality
刘悦兰, 王云香, 郑鄢燕, 左进华, 王亚美, 蒋楠, 高哲. 低压静电场处理对杏果实采后黑斑病的抑制作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 386 -394 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040270
Yuelan LIU, Yunxiang WANG, Yanyan ZHENG, Jinhua ZUO, Yamei WANG, Nan JIANG, Zhe GAO. Inhibitory Effect of Low Voltage Electrostatic Field Treatment on Postharvest Alternaria Rot of Apricot Fruit[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 386 -394 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040270
杏(Prunus armeniaca L.)原产于中亚,主要在地中海、中东、高加索、中亚和中国栽培[1−2]。成熟的杏果实颜色鲜艳,味道酸甜可口,散发着浓郁的果香。同时,它富含维生素、矿物质和多糖在内的多种营养素[3]。但杏果实采后极易被病原菌侵染,其中由链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)诱发的黑斑病已成为杏果实采后的主要病害之一[4]。黑斑病不仅影响果实的外观品质,还会促使果实发生腐烂变质,进而缩短其货架期,最终导致严重的经济损失。尽管传统的采后保鲜方法,例如化学杀菌剂处理,能够在一定程度上控制病害,但长期使用会使病原菌产生耐药性,并将残留物留在果实中,对环境和人体健康构成潜在威胁。因此,开发安全且有效的采后保鲜技术,对于抑制杏果实黑斑病的扩展以及提高果实贮藏品质具有至关重要的意义。
近年来,随着物理保鲜技术的发展,低压静电场(low voltage electrostatic field,LVEF)作为一种新兴的绿色保鲜技术,日益受到广泛关注。它是一种安全有效的物理保鲜方法,具有无毒、无污染和无残留的特点[5]。它不仅能够通过影响果蔬的电荷分布和水分活度,对生物体酶的活性产生影响[6];还能够使细菌等微生物的细胞膜内外电势发生改变,导致其生长代谢紊乱,从而达到抑制或杀灭微生物的目的[7]。已有研究表明,LVEF处理在果蔬采后保鲜中具有多重积极作用。例如,LVEF处理可以有效抑制青梅果实的颜色变化并减少水分流失[8];将LVEF技术应用于爱媛果冻橙的贮藏,能够抑制其贮藏期间青绿霉病和砂皮病的发生[9];此外,LVEF结合低温处理可提高樱桃番茄中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活力,以及抗坏血酸含量,并降低樱桃番茄中的活性氧水平[10]。这些研究充分证明了LVEF保鲜技术在果蔬保鲜领域展现出重要的应用价值和发展潜力。然而,关于LVEF技术在杏果实采后贮藏,特别是抑制黑斑病方面的应用研究,目前尚未见报道。
因此,本研究以‘串支红’杏为研究对象并损伤接种链格孢菌,采用1500 V LVEF处理杏果实,并通过测定接种发病率和病斑直径揭示LVEF对杏果实黑斑病的抑制效果;同时,测定与氧化应激、抗氧化防御和抗病相关等生理指标,探讨LVEF对杏果实品质变化及黑斑病抑制作用的潜在机制。本研究旨在为杏果实采后黑斑病的防控和保鲜提供新的技术手段和理论依据,促进杏产业的可持续发展。
链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata) 中国农业大学提供;‘串支红’杏果实 采自北京延庆杏基地;盐酸(优级纯)、氢氧化钠(分析纯)、甲醇(分析纯)、硫酸(分析纯) 天津市大茂化学试剂厂;丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)检测试剂盒、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H2O2)检测试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)检测试剂盒 苏州科铭生物技术有限公司;超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O2−)检测试剂盒、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)检测试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)检测试剂盒、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbic acid peroxidase,APX)检测试剂盒、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)检测试剂盒、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)检测试剂盒、几丁质酶(chitinase,CHT)检测试剂盒 北京盒子生工(BOXBIO)。
PAL-1便携式数显折光仪 日本ATAGO公司;Allegra X-30高速离心机 贝克曼库尔特国际贸易(上海)有限公司;LUX多功能酶标仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司;A11基本型研磨机 德国IKA公司;DK-8D型电热恒温水槽 上海一恒科技有限公司;低压静电场发生装置 自制,如图1所示。
杏果实于2024年7月11日采摘,去除机械损伤及病虫果,选取大小均匀,色泽及成熟度(八成熟)相对一致的杏果实作为试验原料。立即运回至果蔬采后生理实验室冷库。将挑选好的杏果实置于PET保鲜盒内,每盒9个果实,对照组6盒,处理组9盒。对照组(CK)在温度25±1℃、相对湿度80%~85%的条件下贮藏;处理组(LVEF)以输出电压1500 V,电场强度为2700 V/m的条件进行持续低压静电场处理,并于温度25±1 ℃、相对湿度80%~85%条件下贮藏。每2 d取样并测定相关指标。
损伤接种则参照张亚琳等[4]的方法稍作修改,在无菌操作环境中,向收集的链格孢菌中加入10 mL无菌水,并用已灭菌处理的玻璃棒轻轻刮取表面孢子,将其转移至100 mL三角玻璃瓶中,随后,使用漩涡混合器将悬液混匀,并通过纱布进行过滤。将过滤后的悬液浓度用无菌水调节至1×106个/mL,制备成孢子悬浮液以备使用。在进行损伤接种前,首先用75%乙醇溶液擦拭杏果实表面,待果实表面完全干燥后,使用已灭菌的20 μL枪头在果实前后表面的赤道中心位置各扎1个孔径为2.5 mm,深度为4.0 mm的小孔。接着,向每个孔内注射20 μL的孢子悬浮液,对照组与处理组杏果实全部接种。室温下晾干后,将杏果实放在PET保鲜盒中,按照以上条件进行贮藏,每2 d进行1次取样,并测定后续相关指标。
参照李玲等[11]方法,单个杏果实一侧的病斑直径超过4 mm,则将该果实判定为接种发病果,发病率按下式计算;用十字交叉法测定贮藏期杏果实的病斑直径,取平均值。
$ 接种发病率(\text{%})=\frac{接种发病果实数}{总果实数}\times 100 $
MDA含量、H2O2含量、O2−产生速率和GSH含量均采用试剂盒测定。
POD、SOD、APX、PPO、CAT酶活采用试剂盒测定。
PAL和CHT活性采用试剂盒测定。
总酚与类黄酮的含量参照曹建康等[12]的方法,称取2.0 g杏果肉,加入少许经预冷的1% HCl-甲醇溶液,在冰浴条件下研磨匀浆后,转入20 mL刻度试管中。用1% HCl-甲醇溶液冲洗研钵,一并转移到试管中,定容至刻度,混匀,离心条件为4 ℃,13000×g,离心20 min后,取上清液待用。实验重复三次。总酚的相对含量以每克果肉组织在280 nm波长处的光密度值来表示;类黄酮物质的相对含量则以每克果肉组织在325 nm波长处的光密度值来表示。
各项试验均重复3次,结果以平均值±标准差表示。采用IBM SPSS Statistics25软件对数据进行显著性差异分析,P<0.05作为差异显著的判定标准。使用Origin 2024软件进行图片的制作。
由图2可以看出,LVEF处理可抑制杏果实黑斑病的发生。图3(a)可知,在贮藏期间,不同处理组的杏果实接种发病率均呈现持续上升的趋势。在贮藏初期0~2 d,所有处理组均未出现发病现象。直至贮藏第4 d,开始出现发病特征,其中CK组杏果实接种发病率为35.98%;而LVEF组为28.42%,较CK组显著降低21.01%(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间延长,贮藏第6 d时,CK组的接种发病率为66.49%,而LVEF组的接种发病率为39.11%,较CK组显著降低41.18%(P<0.05)。由图3(b)可知,各处理组杏果实在贮藏期间病斑直径不断扩增,其变化趋势与接种发病率的变化趋势基本一致。贮藏第4 d时,CK组和LVEF组杏果实的病斑直径分别为15.27 mm和12.14 mm,LVEF组较CK组显著减少20.50%(P<0.05)。贮藏第6 d时,CK组病斑直径进一步扩大至20.74 mm,而LVEF组仅为14.27 mm,较CK组显著降低31.20%(P<0.05)。同样,Liu等[13]研究低压静电场与改良气调包装(MAP)结合处理双孢蘑菇的贮藏过程中发现,LVEF和MAP的协同作用有助于抑制微生物生长。这一结果表明LVEF处理不仅能有效抑制病原菌的侵染,降低杏果实的接种发病率,同时还显著延缓病斑的扩展,从而有效维持杏果实在贮藏过程中的品质。
MDA作为膜脂过氧化的主要终产物,其含量变化能够有效反映细胞膜系统的受损程度[14]。由图4可知,在整个贮藏过程中,经LVEF处理的杏果实MDA含量始终低于CK组。贮藏第2 d时,CK组的MDA含量达到5.88 nmol·g−1;而LVEF组的MDA含量为4.15 nmol·g−1,较CK组显著降低29.41%(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间的延长,经LVEF处理的杏果实MDA含量始终低于CK组。吴玉婷等[15]研究发现LVEF协同低温处理可以抑制贵妃红桃的MDA含量。综上所述,LVEF处理有效降低了杏果实贮藏前期的膜脂过氧化程度,有助于保持细胞膜结构的完整性。
植物氧化应激可刺激产生许多活性氧,导致膜脂质过氧化,除了MDA的含量增加以外,H2O2的含量也显著增加,H2O2可被多种生物和非生物诱导剂诱导,并作为调控网络中的信号分子控制植物的各种生理过程[16]。从图5(a)可以看出,在整个贮藏期间,LVEF组杏果实的H2O2含量始终显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。贮藏末期第6 d时,CK组的H2O2含量达到18.53 μmol·g−1;而LVEF组的H2O2含量为14.87 μmol·g−1,较对照组降低19.75%。同样,Xu等[5]研究发现LVEF处理可以显著抑制草莓在贮藏期间(4±1 ℃)的H2O2积累。这些结果共同表明,LVEF处理可通过抑制H2O2含量的增加,减轻采后果实的氧化损伤。
内源性超氧阴离子(O2−)含量的增加会促进收获后果实的品质下降和衰老[17]。由图5(b)可知,在整个贮藏期间,CK组和LVEF组杏果实的O2−产生速率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且CK组的O2−产生速率始终高于LVEF组。进一步分析,两组处理均在第4 d达到O2−产生速率的峰值,此时CK组杏果实的O2−产生速率为165.78 nmol·min−1·g−1;而LVEF组杏果实的O2−产生速率为162.48 nmol·min−1·g−1,较CK组下降1.99%(P<0.05)。贮藏末期第6 d时,差异最明显,此时CK组的O2−产生速率为164.19 nmol·min−1·g−1,而LVEF组杏果实的O2−产生速率为155.29 nmol·min−1·g−1,较CK组下降5.42%(P<0.05)。这一结果与徐耀宗[18]研究发现LVEF可以降低双孢蘑菇在4 ℃贮藏下的O2−产生速率结果一致。结合以上研究结果来看,LVEF处理有效减少了杏果实在贮藏时期O2−的生成速率,从而有助于延缓果实品质的下降和衰老进程。
谷胱甘肽是植物中的一种内源性抗氧化剂,对延缓衰老发挥着重要的作用[19]。由图6可知,除贮藏时间第6 d时的LVEF组杏果实的GSH含量低于CK组外,其余的2 d和4 d时LVEF组杏果实的GSH含量均高于CK组。在贮藏第4 d时,LVEF处理的杏果实GSH含量达到2.81 μmol·g−1,较同一时间CK组升高了1.81%。这一结果表明,LVEF处理在大部分贮藏时期内提高了杏果实的GSH含量,对维持杏果实抗氧化能力具有积极作用。在孟晓曼等[6]的研究中,使用LVEF-真空协同保鲜处理白玉菇,发现GSH含量呈逐渐下降趋势。这一发现与本研究中LVEF处理杏果实GSH含量的变化趋势存在差异,推测可能与LVEF的处理强度、处理方式的结合以及果实品种差异有关。
杏果实在采后贮藏过程中通过多种抗氧化酶如APX、SOD、CAT、POD、SOD等[20−21]协同作用清除自由基,这些酶共同构成了一个完整的抗氧化防御网络,以减轻氧化应激对细胞的损伤。本研究发现,LVEF处理可显著激活杏果实的抗氧化酶防御系统,有效维持果实采后贮藏期间的氧化还原平衡。
在果实贮藏过程中,POD不仅参与清除ROS,还起到阻止病原菌侵染的作用[22]。由图7(a)可知,在贮藏过程中,LVEF处理的杏果实的POD活性在第6 d时显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。鲁梦情等[23]研究发现LVEF处理可以有效提高油桃果实的POD活性。结合本研究中POD活性与接种发病率(图3)的关系,可以推断出LVEF处理通过激活POD防御系统,不仅有效清除了过量的ROS,还增强了果实的抗病性,从而维持其在贮藏期间的品质。
SOD作为一种含有金属离子(Fe,Cu及Zn等)辅基的抗氧化酶,其活性的增强能够及时修复果实的受损细胞,从而逆转由自由基引起的细胞损伤[5]。如图7(b)所示,在两个比较组中,SOD活性总体上呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,且两组的SOD活性均在第4 d达到最高值。LVEF处理第2 d和第4 d显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。徐纯[24]研究发现,LVEF处理提高了草莓在贮藏期间SOD的活性。这些结果共同表明,LVEF处理能够有效激活杏果实的抗氧化酶系统,增强其对氧化应激的防御能力,从而延缓采后衰老进程。
如图7(c)所示,在整个贮藏期间,LVEF组杏果实的CAT活性始终显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。到贮藏末期第6 d,CK组杏果实的CAT活性为21.88 nmol·min−1·g−1;而LVEF组杏果实的CAT活性为36.36 nmol·min−1·g−1,较CK组升高了66.07%。这一结果与牛培荣等[10]研究的LVEF处理樱桃番茄在贮藏期间表现更高的CAT活性结果相一致。因此,LVEF处理通过提高CAT活性,增强了杏果实对氧化胁迫的防御能力。
如图7(d)所示,在整个贮藏期间,LVEF组杏果实的APX活性始终显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。至贮藏末期第6 d,CK组杏果实的APX活性为0.98 U·g−1;而LVEF组杏果实的APX活性为1.61 U·g−1,较CK组升高了64.29%。这一结果表明,LVEF处理有效增强了杏果实贮藏期间的APX活性,进而可能提升了其抗氧化能力,有助于维持果实品质。
PPO与植物组织褐变过程密切相关,其活性水平是采后果实褐变程度及褐变速率的直接决定因素[25]。如图8所示,PPO活性在贮藏期间呈现先下降后上升的趋势。具体来看,在贮藏的第4 d和第6 d,LVEF组杏果实的PPO活性显著低于CK组(P<0.05)。值得注意的是,在贮藏的第2 d,LVEF处理组的杏果实PPO活性略高于CK组,造成这一现象的原因可能与杏品种特有的应激响应机制有关,具体分子机制有待进一步研究。
PAL是具有代表性的抗性相关酶,促进合成抗菌物质如酚类、植保素等,其参与宿主对各种胁迫的抗性[26]。由图9(a)可知,在贮藏期间,CK组杏果实的PAL活性呈先下降后上升的变化;LVEF组杏果实的PAL活性则表现为先上升后下降的变化,且始终显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。贮藏末期第6 d时,CK组杏果实的PAL活性达到43.34 U·g−1;而LVEF组杏果实的PAL活性为45.88 U·g−1,较CK组升高了5.86%(P<0.05)。这一结果说明LVEF处理能够有效提高杏果实采后贮藏期间的PAL活性,进而增强其抗病能力。
当病原微生物侵染植物时,植物会产生相关的病程蛋白如CHT等[27],可以使真菌细胞壁受到损坏,从而抑制真菌的生长与繁殖,增强植物的抗病能力[28]。如图9(b)所示,在整个贮藏期间,CK 组杏果实CHT活性呈逐渐上升的趋势,LVEF组杏果实CHT活性呈波动式变化。贮藏第6 d时,CK组杏果实的CHT活性为38.47 U·g−1;而LVEF组杏果实的CHT活性为38.92 U·g−1,较CK组显著升高了1.17%(P<0.05)。这表明LVEF可以显著提高杏果实的CHT活性,增强其对黑斑病的抗病性。
酚类物质自身具有抗病害能力,能抑制病原微生物的繁殖,而类黄酮作为重要的植保素,其含量直接体现了植物的抗病性[29]。如图10(a)所示,在整个贮藏时期,LVEF组和CK组杏果实的总酚含量都是逐渐升高的,且LVEF组杏果实的总酚含量始终高于CK组。到贮藏末期第6 d时,CK组杏果实的总酚含量为3.43(OD280 nm);而LVEF组杏果实的总酚含量为3.49(OD280 nm),比CK组高了1.75%。如图10(b)所示,在贮藏过程中,LVEF组杏果实的类黄酮含量呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势,而CK组则表现为持续上升的趋势,尽管如此,LVEF组的杏果实类黄酮含量始终高于CK组。在贮藏末期第6 d时,CK组杏果实的类黄酮含量为0.92(OD325·g−1);而LVEF组杏果实的类黄酮含量为0.96(OD325·g−1),比CK组显著升高了4.35%(P<0.05)。这一结果与张婷婷等[30]关于LVEF处理对采后马铃薯块茎愈伤效果的研究结果一致。即LVEF处理能够促使总酚、类黄酮的含量增加,从而加快伤口愈合的速度。同样,本研究中LVEF处理也促进了杏果实中总酚和类黄酮含量的增加,这可能有助于提高果实的抗氧化能力,延缓品质劣变。
低压电场处理能够降低微生物细胞表面的平整度,导致细胞生物膜丧失活性,进而抑制微生物的生长和繁殖[31]。Liu等[13]研究低压静电场与改良气调包装(MAP)结合处理可抑制双孢蘑菇贮藏期间的微生物生长。而在本研究中发现,LVEF处理有效降低杏果实的接种发病率并抑制病斑直径的扩展。这些结果表明LVEF处理不仅能有效抑制病原菌的侵染过程,降低杏果实的接种发病率,同时还显著延缓病害发展进程。这些指标直接反映了果实对病原菌的抗性水平,从而表明LVEF处理在维持杏果实贮藏品质方面具有明显优势。
维持细胞内活性氧(ROS)稳态平衡对延缓采后果实衰老和品质劣变至关重要[32]。在外界胁迫下,植物通过代谢调节适应环境变化,其内源抗氧化系统可清除胁迫诱导的过量ROS[33]。然而,当ROS积累超过清除能力时,会导致氧化损伤,破坏细胞膜完整性并削弱果实的抗逆性功能[34]。植物细胞中的抗氧化酶系统,包括SOD、CAT、APX及POD等,协同清除ROS,其中,SOD作为第一道防线,它能够催化杏果实细胞内有害的O2−发生歧化反应,生成低毒性的H2O2和O2,而CAT、POD和APX可将果实内积累的H2O2分解为无毒性的O2和H2O[35−36]从而协同维持杏果实细胞内的氧化还原平衡。这一平衡增强了果实对病原菌胁迫的防御能力[37]。已有研究表明,在樱桃[38]、甜瓜[39]、葡萄[40]中,较高的抗氧化酶活性与果实对链格孢菌的抵抗能力呈正相关。本研究发现在整个贮藏期间LVEF处理提高了杏果实SOD、CAT、APX及POD的活性,维持较低的MDA含量。这与前人在其他果实上的研究结果相一致,说明LVEF处理可能通过增强杏果实抗氧化酶系统的活性,提高其对ROS的清除能力,维持细胞氧化还原稳态,进而提升杏果实对链格孢菌的防御能力,延缓果实的衰老和品质劣变。此外,GSH作为重要的非酶抗氧化物质,在采后果实的抗氧化防御系统中发挥着关键作用[41]。PPO活性的升高是导致采后果实褐变和质量下降的重要因素[42]。本研究中LVEF处理提高了杏果实中的GSH含量,抑制了PPO酶的活性,有效维持了组织细胞内的氧化还原平衡,减轻杏果实的褐变程度。
PAL是苯丙烷途径的初始通道酶,其活性的增加不仅促进了与抗病密切相关的黄酮、多酚等物质的积累,还通过促进细胞壁木质化来构建物理屏障,从而直接抑制病原菌的侵染和扩展[43]。CHT作为重要的病程相关蛋白,在果实中发挥着直接抗病原菌的作用,它能够特异性降解真菌细胞壁中的几丁质成分,导致病原菌原生质膜破裂而死亡[27]。本研究中LVEF处理可以明显提高杏果实中总酚,类黄酮含量,提升PAL和CHT酶的活性,从而增强果实抗病性。
本研究系统地探讨了LVEF保鲜技术在抑制杏果实黑斑病方面的效果,为采后杏果实的病害防治贡献了新的技术方法和理论支撑。结果表明,1500 V LVEF处理可有效降低杏果实采后的接种发病率,延缓病斑扩展。在生理机制方面,LVEF处理可以有效抑制活性氧(如H2O2,O2−)含量的上升,维持较低的MDA含量,并且有效抑制PPO酶的活性。此外,LVEF处理提高活性氧代谢相关酶(如POD、SOD、CAT、APX)的活性和抗氧化物质(如GSH)的含量,有助于维持果实的氧化还原平衡。在抗病方面,LVEF处理通过激活杏果实中的苯丙烷代谢途径,显著增加了PAL的活性,上调CHT的活性,并促进了类黄酮和总酚含量的增加,从而有效提升了果实对链格孢菌的抵抗能力。

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2026年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040270
  • 接收时间:2025-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22
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    1河北农业大学食品科技学院,河北保定 071000
    2北京市农林科学院农产品加工与食品营养研究所,北京 100097

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高哲(1979−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:食品保鲜与加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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