Article(id=1320166321216664100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745078400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681778481, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681778481, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681778481, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681778481, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=100, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166321451545125, articleId=1320166321216664100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Natural Plant Polyphenols on the Eating Quality of Pre-prepared Grilled Fish during Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of five plant polyphenols (tea polyphenols, resveratrol, apple polyphenols, grape seed polyphenols, and curcumin) on the eating quality of pre-prepared grilled fish during repeated freeze-thaw cycles, polyphenol immersion pretreatment combined with roasting and five freeze-thaw cycles was applied to simulate cold chain temperature fluctuations. Quality was evaluated by measuring changes in appearance, water-holding capacity, texture, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), acid value (AV), and DPPH radical scavenging activity, systematically assessing polyphenols antioxidant capacity and their impact on product quality. Results indicated that all polyphenol treatments improved appearance stability after five freeze-thaw cycles, with apple and grape seed polyphenols exhibiting superior color retention. Both also significantly enhanced water-holding capacity (P<0.05), outperforming other groups. Texture profile analysis showed that resveratrol performed well in maintaining the chewiness and springiness of the samples, apple polyphenols contributed to the retention of chewiness, whereas tea polyphenols showed no obvious advantage in chewiness. For lipid oxidation, TBARS values in all polyphenol groups were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05), with apple polyphenols showing the greatest reduction (67.18%), followed by grape seed polyphenols (57.33%), resveratrol (50.33%), tea polyphenols (48.21%), and curcumin (15.75%). Grape seed polyphenols also most effectively suppressed AV (46.89% reduction, P<0.05). DPPH scavenging activity increased most significantly with apple polyphenols (42.79%), followed by grape seed polyphenols (36.53%) and resveratrol (35.09%), confirming strong antioxidant potential. Overall, apple and grape seed polyphenols demonstrated superior quality preservation and lipid oxidation inhibition. Considering antioxidant efficacy, product quality, and cost, grape seed polyphenols were identified as the optimal natural antioxidant. This study provides theoretical and technical support for quality control and formulation optimization of pre-prepared grilled fish during cold chain distribution.

, authors=Hua FENG1, Jianing GUAN1, Zhiyu LIU2, Xinyu XU1, Weili MU3, Hong LIN1, Hao WANG1, Gang YOU4, Zhenxing LI1, *, authorsList=Hua FENG, Jianing GUAN, Zhiyu LIU, Xinyu XU, Weili MU, Hong LIN, Hao WANG, Gang YOU, Zhenxing LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhenxing LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166323041186356, articleId=1320166321216664100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同天然植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼食用品质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究五种植物多酚(茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚、姜黄素)对预制烤鱼在反复冻融过程中食用品质的影响,采用多酚浸泡预处理方式,结合烤制与5次冻融循环模拟冷链波动环境。通过测定外观变化、持水力、质构特性、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactant Substances,TBARS)、酸价(Acid Value,AV)及DPPH自由基清除能力等指标,系统评价多酚的抗氧化性能及其对预制烤鱼品质的影响。结果表明,冻融5次后,多酚处理均在不同程度上改善了预制烤鱼的外观稳定性,其中苹果多酚和葡萄籽多酚组在色泽保持方面表现更优;两者同时显著提高鱼肉持水力(P<0.05),优于其他处理组。质构分析显示,白藜芦醇在维持样品咀嚼性和弹性方面表现较好,苹果多酚对咀嚼性具有一定保持作用,而茶多酚在咀嚼性方面未表现出明显优势。在脂质氧化方面,所有多酚组TBARS值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中苹果多酚降幅最大,达67.18%,其余依次为葡萄籽多酚(57.33%)、白藜芦醇(50.33%)、茶多酚(48.21%)和姜黄素(15.75%);葡萄籽多酚对AV抑制最为显著,降幅达46.89%(P<0.05)。DPPH自由基清除能力分析显示,苹果多酚提升率最高(42.79%),葡萄籽多酚(36.53%)与白藜芦醇(35.09%)次之,展现出较强的自由基清除能力。综合抗氧化效果、品质保护能力及成本因素,葡萄籽多酚被筛选为最适宜的天然抗氧化剂,可为预制烤鱼在冷链流通过程中的品质控制与配方优化提供理论依据与技术支持。

, authors=封铧1, 管家宁1, 刘智禹2, 许心语1, 牟伟丽3, 林洪1, 王皓1, 游刚4, 李振兴1, *, authorsList=封铧, 管家宁, 刘智禹, 许心语, 牟伟丽, 林洪, 王皓, 游刚, 李振兴, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李振兴, authorNote=

封铧(1995−),男,博士,研究方向:食品安全与质量控制,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李振兴(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与质量控制,E-mail:。
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European Food Research and Technology, 2021, 247(7): 1791−1802., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320167032981664104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167032990052713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167032981664104, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033002635626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167032981664104, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167033061355883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033069744492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167033061355883, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033073938797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167033061355883, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,福建厦门 361013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167033128464750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033132659055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167033128464750, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Rongcheng Yinhai Aquatic Product Co., Ltd., Weihai 264300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033141047664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167033128464750, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3荣成银海水产有限公司,山东威海 264300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320167033233322353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033241710962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167033233322353, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Marine Food Nutrition and Processing Technology Innovation, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320167033245905267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, companyId=1320167033233322353, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320167036890755499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Appearance changes of pre-prepared grilled fish samples in the blank control group under different freeze-thaw cycles (0~5 cycles), figureFileSmall=9V1xOax6H0sX3ywAQp0rDQ==, figureFileBig=UmLw2IZD3xlqepbTAxWpcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167036962058668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图1, caption=空白对照组预制烤鱼样品在不同冻融循环次数(0~5次)下的外观变化, figureFileSmall=9V1xOax6H0sX3ywAQp0rDQ==, figureFileBig=UmLw2IZD3xlqepbTAxWpcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037062721965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of plant polyphenols on texture properties of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish, figureFileSmall=q8+kxr57qxK3LV5UkmOk4Q==, figureFileBig=wrwLTiczuP0ckq1D/cwdlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037138219438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图2, caption=植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼质构特性的影响

注:不同大写字母代表不同冻融次数下相同处理组样品间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母代表相同冻融次数下不同处理组样品间差异显著(P<0.05);图3~图7同。

, figureFileSmall=q8+kxr57qxK3LV5UkmOk4Q==, figureFileBig=wrwLTiczuP0ckq1D/cwdlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037196939695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of plant polyphenols on pH of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish, figureFileSmall=8Xevsgw4c1x16MaewZRDLQ==, figureFileBig=mQ6TYN+T5y4z1otltQUdaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037255659952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图3, caption=植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼pH的影响, figureFileSmall=8Xevsgw4c1x16MaewZRDLQ==, figureFileBig=mQ6TYN+T5y4z1otltQUdaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037326963121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of plant polyphenols on TBARS of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish, figureFileSmall=ifYD/Go3PimmC8l7V89rjg==, figureFileBig=5LCDok69ZOy1NllZsckg1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037394071986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图4, caption=植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼TBARS值的影响, figureFileSmall=ifYD/Go3PimmC8l7V89rjg==, figureFileBig=5LCDok69ZOy1NllZsckg1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037461180851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of plant polyphenols on AV of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish, figureFileSmall=RhlPxO9v2WUp6V6tVOyxFA==, figureFileBig=j2yun+13MH1lCDTQF5R5LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037532484020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图5, caption=植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼酸价的影响, figureFileSmall=RhlPxO9v2WUp6V6tVOyxFA==, figureFileBig=j2yun+13MH1lCDTQF5R5LQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037591204277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=DPPH radical scavenging rate of five plant polyphenols and VC, figureFileSmall=mpizhxdhIY730VnZrtAMew==, figureFileBig=/tgMtGSiDnC6OlX1RvtiBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037666701751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图6, caption=五种植物多酚及阳性对照VC的DPPH自由基清除率, figureFileSmall=mpizhxdhIY730VnZrtAMew==, figureFileBig=/tgMtGSiDnC6OlX1RvtiBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037754782136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of plant polyphenols on DPPH radical scavenging rate of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish, figureFileSmall=JkOQoQFd1U7RVbrumV5rKA==, figureFileBig=AOGnSlDErex19j4yKGRobA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037872222649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=图7, caption=植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼DPPH自由基清除能力的影响, figureFileSmall=JkOQoQFd1U7RVbrumV5rKA==, figureFileBig=AOGnSlDErex19j4yKGRobA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167037939331514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of plant polyphenols on the color of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数组别L*a*b*
0对照组75.68±0.98Aa−4.03±0.66Dc7.16±0.29Eb
茶多酚75.53±1.16Aa−1.70±0.62Da6.72±0.52Cbc
白藜芦醇74.96±1.46Aa−3.29±0.09Cbc6.25±0.32Dcd
苹果多酚75.14±0.50Aa−2.70±0.20Eb5.94±0.58Dd
葡萄籽多酚75.71±0.42Aa−1.03±0.37Da5.80±0.27Dd
姜黄素74.86±3.36Aa−10.28±0.19Ed25.50±0.18ABa
1对照组74.33±0.68ABa−3.40±0.12Ce7.63±0.08Db
茶多酚73.23±0.94Ba−0.84±0.21Cb7.55±0.19Bb
白藜芦醇73.63±0.80ABCa−3.08±0.08Cd6.56±0.10CDcd
苹果多酚74.52±0.86ABa−2.38±0.16DEc7.00±0.40Cc
葡萄籽多酚74.76±0.29ABa−0.42±0.07Ca6.12±0.09Dd
姜黄素74.23±3.57Aa−9.91±0.11Ef25.83±0.47Aa
2对照组73.97±2.91ABab−3.21±0.07Ce8.53±0.36Cb
茶多酚71.46±1.20BCb−0.58±0.06Cb8.01±0.03Bbc
白藜芦醇74.30±0.62ABa−2.87±0.10Cd6.83±0.10Cc
苹果多酚73.75±0.45BCab−2.06±0.05CDc8.04±0.26Bbc
葡萄籽多酚74.14±0.49Ba−0.31±0.03Ca6.64±0.02Cc
姜黄素72.69±0.47Aab−9.36±0.23Df23.73±2.04Ba
3对照组72.76±0.41BCa−3.00±0.12Cd9.33±0.06Bb
茶多酚69.74±0.93CDb−0.42±0.09Ca8.96±0.65Ab
白藜芦醇72.03±2.25BCab−2.25±0.33Bc7.41±0.16Bcd
苹果多酚73.00±0.10Ca−1.70±0.37Cb8.32±0.03ABbc
葡萄籽多酚73.58±1.09Ba−0.10±0.13BCa6.75±0.03BCd
姜黄素72.25±1.96Aab−8.55±0.16Ce19.82±1.21Ca
4对照组71.14±0.67Ca−2.20±0.46Bc9.51±0.08Bb
茶多酚67.89±1.36Da0.63±0.62Ba9.28±0.41Ab
白藜芦醇71.32±1.21Ca−1.27±0.02Bb7.69±0.10Bd
苹果多酚71.57±0.77Da−0.66±0.23Bb8.42±0.06ABc
葡萄籽多酚71.71±0.80Ca0.24±0.23Ba7.24±0.16Be
姜黄素72.18±7.05Aa−7.51±0.49Bd16.63±0.23Da
5对照组68.36±0.50Dbc−1.55±0.12Ae10.14±0.31Ab
茶多酚65.10±0.89Ec1.95±0.22Aa9.76±0.55Ab
白藜芦醇68.31±1.45Dbc−0.72±0.58Ad8.34±0.39Ac
苹果多酚68.22±0.73Ebc−0.16±0.31Ac8.73±0.08Ac
葡萄籽多酚69.68±0.82Dab0.78±0.19Ab8.05±0.62Ac
姜黄素71.73±3.72Aa−6.52±0.05Af13.4±0.77Ea
), ArticleFig(id=1320167038019023291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼色泽的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数组别L*a*b*
0对照组75.68±0.98Aa−4.03±0.66Dc7.16±0.29Eb
茶多酚75.53±1.16Aa−1.70±0.62Da6.72±0.52Cbc
白藜芦醇74.96±1.46Aa−3.29±0.09Cbc6.25±0.32Dcd
苹果多酚75.14±0.50Aa−2.70±0.20Eb5.94±0.58Dd
葡萄籽多酚75.71±0.42Aa−1.03±0.37Da5.80±0.27Dd
姜黄素74.86±3.36Aa−10.28±0.19Ed25.50±0.18ABa
1对照组74.33±0.68ABa−3.40±0.12Ce7.63±0.08Db
茶多酚73.23±0.94Ba−0.84±0.21Cb7.55±0.19Bb
白藜芦醇73.63±0.80ABCa−3.08±0.08Cd6.56±0.10CDcd
苹果多酚74.52±0.86ABa−2.38±0.16DEc7.00±0.40Cc
葡萄籽多酚74.76±0.29ABa−0.42±0.07Ca6.12±0.09Dd
姜黄素74.23±3.57Aa−9.91±0.11Ef25.83±0.47Aa
2对照组73.97±2.91ABab−3.21±0.07Ce8.53±0.36Cb
茶多酚71.46±1.20BCb−0.58±0.06Cb8.01±0.03Bbc
白藜芦醇74.30±0.62ABa−2.87±0.10Cd6.83±0.10Cc
苹果多酚73.75±0.45BCab−2.06±0.05CDc8.04±0.26Bbc
葡萄籽多酚74.14±0.49Ba−0.31±0.03Ca6.64±0.02Cc
姜黄素72.69±0.47Aab−9.36±0.23Df23.73±2.04Ba
3对照组72.76±0.41BCa−3.00±0.12Cd9.33±0.06Bb
茶多酚69.74±0.93CDb−0.42±0.09Ca8.96±0.65Ab
白藜芦醇72.03±2.25BCab−2.25±0.33Bc7.41±0.16Bcd
苹果多酚73.00±0.10Ca−1.70±0.37Cb8.32±0.03ABbc
葡萄籽多酚73.58±1.09Ba−0.10±0.13BCa6.75±0.03BCd
姜黄素72.25±1.96Aab−8.55±0.16Ce19.82±1.21Ca
4对照组71.14±0.67Ca−2.20±0.46Bc9.51±0.08Bb
茶多酚67.89±1.36Da0.63±0.62Ba9.28±0.41Ab
白藜芦醇71.32±1.21Ca−1.27±0.02Bb7.69±0.10Bd
苹果多酚71.57±0.77Da−0.66±0.23Bb8.42±0.06ABc
葡萄籽多酚71.71±0.80Ca0.24±0.23Ba7.24±0.16Be
姜黄素72.18±7.05Aa−7.51±0.49Bd16.63±0.23Da
5对照组68.36±0.50Dbc−1.55±0.12Ae10.14±0.31Ab
茶多酚65.10±0.89Ec1.95±0.22Aa9.76±0.55Ab
白藜芦醇68.31±1.45Dbc−0.72±0.58Ad8.34±0.39Ac
苹果多酚68.22±0.73Ebc−0.16±0.31Ac8.73±0.08Ac
葡萄籽多酚69.68±0.82Dab0.78±0.19Ab8.05±0.62Ac
姜黄素71.73±3.72Aa−6.52±0.05Af13.4±0.77Ea
), ArticleFig(id=1320167038102909372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of plant polyphenols on the water-holding capacity of repeated freeze-thaw pre-baked fish

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数组别持水力(%)冻融次数组别持水力(%)
0对照组85.36±2.92Aa3对照组71.33±0.46Cb
茶多酚85.09±0.64Aa茶多酚73.34±1.27Cab
白藜芦醇84.54±0.68Aa白藜芦醇72.56±1.17Db
苹果多酚84.43±1.69Aa苹果多酚75.46±0.66Ca
葡萄籽多酚85.15±1.60Aa葡萄籽多酚75.42±0.25CDa
姜黄素85.53±1.72Aa姜黄素73.35±2.01Cab
1对照组74.19±0.63Bd4对照组69.69±1.06Cd
茶多酚76.93±0.42Bc茶多酚72.47±1.01Cbc
白藜芦醇76.28±0.59Bcd白藜芦醇71.5±0.46Dc
苹果多酚79.32±1.21Bab苹果多酚74.9±0.89CDa
葡萄籽多酚79.96±1.22Ba葡萄籽多酚74.66±0.15CDa
姜黄素77.21±2.39Bbc姜黄素73.19±0.96Cb
2对照组72.15±0.33BCc5对照组65.62±1.08Dc
茶多酚74.51±0.32Cb茶多酚67.42±2.03Dbc
白藜芦醇74.82±0.09Cb白藜芦醇68.25±0.59Eb
苹果多酚77.83±0.99Ba苹果多酚73.04±0.53Da
葡萄籽多酚77.47±2.68BCa葡萄籽多酚73.04±1.87Da
姜黄素75.7±1.04BCab姜黄素72.8±0.44Ca
), ArticleFig(id=1320167038165823933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166321216664100, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼持水力的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
冻融次数组别持水力(%)冻融次数组别持水力(%)
0对照组85.36±2.92Aa3对照组71.33±0.46Cb
茶多酚85.09±0.64Aa茶多酚73.34±1.27Cab
白藜芦醇84.54±0.68Aa白藜芦醇72.56±1.17Db
苹果多酚84.43±1.69Aa苹果多酚75.46±0.66Ca
葡萄籽多酚85.15±1.60Aa葡萄籽多酚75.42±0.25CDa
姜黄素85.53±1.72Aa姜黄素73.35±2.01Cab
1对照组74.19±0.63Bd4对照组69.69±1.06Cd
茶多酚76.93±0.42Bc茶多酚72.47±1.01Cbc
白藜芦醇76.28±0.59Bcd白藜芦醇71.5±0.46Dc
苹果多酚79.32±1.21Bab苹果多酚74.9±0.89CDa
葡萄籽多酚79.96±1.22Ba葡萄籽多酚74.66±0.15CDa
姜黄素77.21±2.39Bbc姜黄素73.19±0.96Cb
2对照组72.15±0.33BCc5对照组65.62±1.08Dc
茶多酚74.51±0.32Cb茶多酚67.42±2.03Dbc
白藜芦醇74.82±0.09Cb白藜芦醇68.25±0.59Eb
苹果多酚77.83±0.99Ba苹果多酚73.04±0.53Da
葡萄籽多酚77.47±2.68BCa葡萄籽多酚73.04±1.87Da
姜黄素75.7±1.04BCab姜黄素72.8±0.44Ca
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不同天然植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼食用品质的影响
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封铧 1 , 管家宁 1 , 刘智禹 2 , 许心语 1 , 牟伟丽 3 , 林洪 1 , 王皓 1 , 游刚 4 , 李振兴 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(11): 100-109
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (11) : 100 -109
不同天然植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼食用品质的影响
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封铧1 , 管家宁1, 刘智禹2, 许心语1, 牟伟丽3, 林洪1, 王皓1, 游刚4, 李振兴1, *
作者信息
  • 1中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266003
  • 2福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,福建厦门 361013
  • 3荣成银海水产有限公司,山东威海 264300
  • 4广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535000
通讯作者:
李振兴(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与质量控制,E-mail:。
作者简介:

封铧(1995−),男,博士,研究方向:食品安全与质量控制,E-mail:

Effects of Different Natural Plant Polyphenols on the Eating Quality of Pre-prepared Grilled Fish during Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Hua FENG1 , Jianing GUAN1, Zhiyu LIU2, Xinyu XU1, Weili MU3, Hong LIN1, Hao WANG1, Gang YOU4, Zhenxing LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
  • 3Rongcheng Yinhai Aquatic Product Co., Ltd., Weihai 264300, China
  • 4Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Marine Food Nutrition and Processing Technology Innovation, College of Food Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535000, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040245
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为探究五种植物多酚(茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚、姜黄素)对预制烤鱼在反复冻融过程中食用品质的影响,采用多酚浸泡预处理方式,结合烤制与5次冻融循环模拟冷链波动环境。通过测定外观变化、持水力、质构特性、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactant Substances,TBARS)、酸价(Acid Value,AV)及DPPH自由基清除能力等指标,系统评价多酚的抗氧化性能及其对预制烤鱼品质的影响。结果表明,冻融5次后,多酚处理均在不同程度上改善了预制烤鱼的外观稳定性,其中苹果多酚和葡萄籽多酚组在色泽保持方面表现更优;两者同时显著提高鱼肉持水力(P<0.05),优于其他处理组。质构分析显示,白藜芦醇在维持样品咀嚼性和弹性方面表现较好,苹果多酚对咀嚼性具有一定保持作用,而茶多酚在咀嚼性方面未表现出明显优势。在脂质氧化方面,所有多酚组TBARS值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中苹果多酚降幅最大,达67.18%,其余依次为葡萄籽多酚(57.33%)、白藜芦醇(50.33%)、茶多酚(48.21%)和姜黄素(15.75%);葡萄籽多酚对AV抑制最为显著,降幅达46.89%(P<0.05)。DPPH自由基清除能力分析显示,苹果多酚提升率最高(42.79%),葡萄籽多酚(36.53%)与白藜芦醇(35.09%)次之,展现出较强的自由基清除能力。综合抗氧化效果、品质保护能力及成本因素,葡萄籽多酚被筛选为最适宜的天然抗氧化剂,可为预制烤鱼在冷链流通过程中的品质控制与配方优化提供理论依据与技术支持。

植物多酚  /  预制烤鱼  /  反复冻融  /  品质  /  脂肪氧化

To investigate the effects of five plant polyphenols (tea polyphenols, resveratrol, apple polyphenols, grape seed polyphenols, and curcumin) on the eating quality of pre-prepared grilled fish during repeated freeze-thaw cycles, polyphenol immersion pretreatment combined with roasting and five freeze-thaw cycles was applied to simulate cold chain temperature fluctuations. Quality was evaluated by measuring changes in appearance, water-holding capacity, texture, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), acid value (AV), and DPPH radical scavenging activity, systematically assessing polyphenols antioxidant capacity and their impact on product quality. Results indicated that all polyphenol treatments improved appearance stability after five freeze-thaw cycles, with apple and grape seed polyphenols exhibiting superior color retention. Both also significantly enhanced water-holding capacity (P<0.05), outperforming other groups. Texture profile analysis showed that resveratrol performed well in maintaining the chewiness and springiness of the samples, apple polyphenols contributed to the retention of chewiness, whereas tea polyphenols showed no obvious advantage in chewiness. For lipid oxidation, TBARS values in all polyphenol groups were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05), with apple polyphenols showing the greatest reduction (67.18%), followed by grape seed polyphenols (57.33%), resveratrol (50.33%), tea polyphenols (48.21%), and curcumin (15.75%). Grape seed polyphenols also most effectively suppressed AV (46.89% reduction, P<0.05). DPPH scavenging activity increased most significantly with apple polyphenols (42.79%), followed by grape seed polyphenols (36.53%) and resveratrol (35.09%), confirming strong antioxidant potential. Overall, apple and grape seed polyphenols demonstrated superior quality preservation and lipid oxidation inhibition. Considering antioxidant efficacy, product quality, and cost, grape seed polyphenols were identified as the optimal natural antioxidant. This study provides theoretical and technical support for quality control and formulation optimization of pre-prepared grilled fish during cold chain distribution.

plant polyphenols  /  pre-prepared grilled fish  /  repeated freeze-thaw cycles  /  quality  /  lipid oxidation
封铧, 管家宁, 刘智禹, 许心语, 牟伟丽, 林洪, 王皓, 游刚, 李振兴. 不同天然植物多酚对反复冻融预制烤鱼食用品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 100 -109 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040245
Hua FENG, Jianing GUAN, Zhiyu LIU, Xinyu XU, Weili MU, Hong LIN, Hao WANG, Gang YOU, Zhenxing LI. Effects of Different Natural Plant Polyphenols on the Eating Quality of Pre-prepared Grilled Fish during Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 100 -109 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040245
作为传统水产菜肴工业化升级的重要代表产品,预制烤鱼在契合现代消费趋势、实现规模化生产及市场拓展等方面展现出巨大潜力。当前市售预制烤鱼普遍采用冷冻方式流通与销售。然而,水产品富含多不饱和脂肪酸,在贮藏过程中极易发生脂质氧化,成为影响产品质量稳定性的关键因素之一。尽管低温冷藏可在一定程度上减缓氧化进程,但由于多不饱和脂肪酸即便在低温下也不易完全固化,仍可能持续氧化[1],进而引发色泽暗化、异味生成、口感粗糙及营养价值降低等多重劣变[2−4],严重影响其食用品质。
实际生产与物流过程中,冷链流通环节尚不完善,产品常因温控系统波动、装卸频繁及电商多段配送等因素导致反复冻融[5]。有研究表明,产品在流通过程中平均可能经历2~5次冻融循环,显著加剧脂质氧化和肌肉组织破坏[6]。冻融循环导致冰晶反复生成与融化,破坏肌原纤维结构及细胞膜的完整性,促使血红素铁等促氧化因子释放,进一步加速脂质氧化[7−8]。因此,反复冻融已成为预制烤鱼等冷冻产品品质劣变的主要诱因之一,亟需有效的抑氧干预措施。目前水产加工中常添加抗氧化剂以控制脂质氧化,提升产品稳定性。传统合成抗氧化剂如丁基羟基茴香醚、丁基羟基甲苯等虽具有较强抗氧化活性[9],但研究表明其可能存在一定毒性风险,如致畸、致突变等[10],使用受限背景下,开发高效、安全、绿色的天然抗氧化剂成为行业研究热点。
植物多酚是广泛存在于水果、蔬菜、藻类等植物组织中的天然次生代谢物,结构中含有一个或多个酚羟基,具有良好的自由基清除能力、金属螯合能力和脂质过氧化抑制效果[11]。近年来,多项研究表明,植物多酚可在鱼糜、鱼片等冷藏水产品体系中延缓脂质氧化和蛋白降解,改善微观结构与色泽品质。例如,Tan等[12]发现茶多酚可有效保持鲭鱼泥冷藏品质尤其是在储存的后期阶段,脂质和蛋白质的氧化减少、颜色变化最小以及微观结构更紧凑;Sun等[13]报道,在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)鱼糜中添加苹果多酚后,其脂质氧化速率显著下降,肌原纤维蛋白降解受到抑制,产品在冷藏过程中的品质保持良好;Huang等[14]发现葡萄籽多酚对冷藏斑点叉尾鮰鱼片脂质氧化具有明显抑制作用,硫代巴比妥酸反应物(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactant Substances,TBARS)较对照组下降了28.77%;宋素珍等[15]的研究显示,添加白藜芦醇的冷藏鱿鱼在贮藏过程中的TBARS值显著低于空白组及壳聚糖处理组,显示其优良的抗氧化性能;俞滢洁等[16]也证实,姜黄素可有效抑制三文鱼在冷链运输过程中脂质氧化及水解反应的发生,从而延缓品质劣变。尽管上述研究主要聚焦于生制品,但其对植物多酚抗氧化机制的探讨仍具重要参考价值[17]。
基于此,本研究以预制烤鱼为研究对象,选取茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚与姜黄素五种典型天然植物多酚,采用浸泡预处理方式,并结合烤制与5次冻融循环构建模拟冷链波动环境,从外观性状保持、质构稳定性、水分保持能力与脂质氧化抑制效果等多维度综合评估其对预制烤鱼食用品质的调控效果,筛选适用于贮藏和流通场景下的天然多酚抗氧化剂。研究结果可为预制烤鱼的功能配料优化、多酚协同作用机制研究及产品品质保持策略的建立提供理论依据与实践指导。
海鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus) 购自青岛市武夷山农贸市场,鱼的平均重量为534.5 g(±12.8 g);茶多酚(Tea Polyphenols) 陕西百川生物科技有限公司;白藜芦醇(Resveratrol)、苹果多酚(Apple Polyphenol)、姜黄素(Curcumin) 西安瑞英生物科技有限公司;葡萄籽多酚(Grape Seed Polyphenols) 西安田禾药业有限公司;2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基、L-抗坏血酸、氢氧化钠标准溶液 分析纯,上海源叶生物科技有限公司;无水乙醇、三氯乙酸、EDTA、无水乙醚、酚酞、氯化钠 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;2-硫代巴比妥酸、1,1,3,3-四乙氧基丙烷 分析纯,北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
ANO-28L电烤箱、BCD-215KS低温冰箱 青岛海尔集团;DZ600/2S真空包装机 青岛诺邦自动化设备有限公司;BS-224-S电子分析天平(精度0.0001 g) 德国赛多利斯有限公司;EOS M50数码相机 佳能(中国)有限公司;TMS-Touch质构仪 美国FTC公司;CR-400便携式色差仪 日本柯尼卡美能达公司;MS-PA数显磁力搅拌器、MX-S涡旋振荡器 大龙兴创实验仪器股份公司;FA25均质机 上海弗鲁克科技发展有限公司;TGL-16台式高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;HH-1数显恒温水浴锅 国华电器有限公司;Powerwave XS酶标仪 美国Biotek公司;PHS-3C pH计 上海伟业仪器厂;KQ-400DM超声波清洗机 昆山市超声仪器有限公司。
选购市场中新鲜捕捞的海鲈鱼,全程低温加冰保鲜运输至实验室,立即进行前处理操作。鱼体去除头部、内脏、鱼皮与中骨后,保留背部肌肉中段部位(位于第一背鳍下方与侧线区域之间),采用蒸馏水在流水条件下充分冲洗以去除表面杂质及血污,并统一切割为2 cm×2 cm×1.5 cm的试样。
处理后的鱼肉按实验设计分为6组,其中空白对照组以蒸馏水处理,其余5组分别浸泡于质量分数为0.1%的植物多酚溶液中,包括茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚及姜黄素。各多酚溶液均采用蒸馏水按0.1 g/100 mL比例现配现用,使用磁力搅拌器充分溶解、避光保存,以保证活性稳定性。各处理组在4 ℃条件下浸泡30 min,结束后沥干表面水分,并置入预热至250 ℃的电烤箱中烘烤10 min,冷却至室温后进行真空包装密封,制得预制烤鱼备用。
为模拟预制烤鱼在冷链贮运过程中的反复温度波动,除新鲜对照组外,其余样品均在−18 ℃冰箱中自然冻结24 h,再于4 ℃下缓慢解冻12 h,完成1个冻融循环,累计冻融5次后用于后续分析。
为直观观察预制烤鱼在冻融循环过程中的宏观品质变化,选取空白对照组样品分别在第0、1、2、3、4、5次冻融循环后拍摄外观照片。拍摄采用标准D65 光源和白色背景,于固定拍摄距离(50 cm)获取样品图像。样品平铺于白色托盘中,并使用数码相机记录其色泽变化、表面干裂程度、渗液现象及结构完整性等视觉属性。该图像仅用于辅助展示冻融循环对产品外观劣变趋势的影响,暂未涉及不同抗氧化剂处理组之间的对比分析。
使用白板校准后的便携式色差仪直接测定鱼肉表面的亮度值L*、红度值a*、黄度值b*,同一样品测定3次取平均值。
参考Sang等[18]的方法并略作修改。称取6 g(精确到0.0001 g)左右烤鱼样品,记为m1,用滤纸包好后装入离心管中,在4 ℃条件下以6000 r/min离心15 min。离心结束后去除滤纸,称量样品,记为m2。按公式(1)计算持水力:
$ {持水力}({\text{%}})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:m1表示烤鱼样品离心前质量,g;m2表示烤鱼样品离心后质量,g。
参考李锐等[19]的方法并略作修改。选用P/50平底柱形探头,采用质地多面剖析(TPA)模式测定。测试在室温下进行,测试速度设置为120 mm/min,形变量50%,触发力为0.15 N,测定样品硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、胶粘性4个指标。每组实验重复6次,去除最大值和最小值后取平均值。
参照GB 5009.237-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品pH值的测定》的方法测定。
参考Li等[20]的方法并略作修改。称取3 g(精确到0.0001 g)左右烤鱼样品,加入30 mL 7.5%的三氯乙酸溶液(含0.1% EDTA),混合均质60 s后,4 ℃下8000 r/min离心15 min后保留上清液。取5 mL上清液加入5 mL 0.02 mol/L的2-硫代巴比妥酸溶液,混匀,置于90 ℃下水浴反应30 min,冷却至室温后,在532 nm 处测定样品的吸光值。以1,1,3,3-四乙氧基丙烷制备标准曲线并测定TBARS值。TBARS值按公式(2)计算:
$ \text{TBARS}(\text{mg}/\mathrm{kg})=\frac{\mathrm{c}\times \mathrm{V}\times 1000}{\mathrm{m}\times 1000} $
式中:c表示样品溶液中丙二醛的浓度,μg/mL;V表示样品溶液总体积,mL;m表示样品质量,g。
参考赵东豪等[21]的方法并略作修改。称取5 g(精确到0.0001 g)左右烤鱼样品,绞碎试样后加入15 mL无水乙醚-无水乙醇(2:1,V:V)混合溶剂,涡旋振荡后进行15 min超声提取。取出后在4 ℃下4500 r/min离心3 min,取上清液。离心后的残渣再用上述方法提取2次,合并上清液。取10 mL上清液,加入100 μL 1%酚酞指示剂,充分混匀。用NaOH标准溶液滴定至粉红色,10 s内不褪色即为滴定终点,记录所需NaOH标准溶液的体积。同时,以10 mL无水乙醚-无水乙醇混合溶液作为空白对照。酸价(Acid Value,AV)按公式(3)计算:
$ \mathrm{AV}=\frac{\mathrm{V}\times \mathrm{c}\times 40}{\mathrm{m}} $
式中:V表示所用的NaOH标准溶液的体积,mL;c表示NaOH标准溶液的浓度,mol/L;40为NaOH的摩尔质量,g/mol;m为试样的质量,g。
参考Wang等[22]的方法并略作修改。将五种植物多酚(茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚、姜黄素)按0.1 mg/mL质量浓度(配制方式见1.2.1节)分别配制成工作溶液。取2 mL各多酚溶液,加入2 mL 0.04 mg/mL的DPPH乙醇溶液,混匀后避光反应30 min,于517 nm波长处测定其吸光度(A1)。以2 mL无水乙醇与2 mL DPPH溶液混合所得吸光度为空白对照(A2),以2 mL无水乙醇与2 mL多酚溶液混合测得吸光度为校正值(A3)。同时设置质量浓度为0.1 mg/mL的L-抗坏血酸(VC)溶液为阳性对照组,按相同操作测定吸光度。DPPH自由基清除率按公式(4)计算:
$ \rm DPPH自由基清除率({\text{%}})=\left(1-\frac{A_1-A_3}{A_2}\right)\times 100 $
参考Serpen等[23]的方法并略作修改。称取3 g(精确到0.0001 g)左右烤鱼样品,加入27 mL质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液,充分均质后在4 ℃下8000 r/min离心15 min。取2 mL上清液与2 mL 0.04 mg/mL DPPH乙醇溶液混合,避光反应30 min后,于517 nm处测定吸光度。空白对照和校正组的设置及DPPH自由基清除率计算方法同1.2.5.1。
实验数据采用平均值±标准偏差的形式表示。采用Excel软件对实验数据进行初步统计,并通过SPSS 26.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析处理,差异显著性水平设置为P<0.05。利用Origin 2022软件作图。
图1展示了空白对照组在经历0~5次冻融循环过程中的外观变化趋势。随冻融次数增加,样品表面由最初的自然浅黄色逐渐转为失光、偏白、干燥化的色泽特征,并伴有明显的结构松弛与表面纹理模糊。第0次样品色泽均匀、表面光滑,呈现出典型的熟制鱼块状态;而第3次后,鱼肉表面逐渐出现失水、膨松及纹理模糊现象,第5次样品整体变得灰白发干、结构塌陷、肌理松散,显著低于消费者对感官质量的接受阈值。
上述现象主要归因于反复冻融过程中冰晶的生成与重结晶过程导致的微观结构破坏。一方面,细胞膜和肌原纤维的多次膨胀-收缩造成蛋白质变性、结构孔洞扩大,易导致游离水大量流失,使样品表面干缩变白[6];另一方面,部分脂肪与水溶性蛋白质迁移至表层后氧化、冷冻干燥,亦可能形成类似“漂白”效应,致使样品外观失去原有光泽与色感[8]。
总的来看,样品的可视品质随冻融循环显著下降。需要说明的是,图1仅展示了空白对照组的变化趋势,未包含多酚处理组,旨在直观呈现冻融循环对产品外观劣变的典型影响。该图像信息可作为后续色差值、持水力及质构指标变化的直观佐证,有助于揭示冻融对食用品质的综合影响机制。
色泽是消费者感知食品品质的首要指标。表1展示了各处理组样品在不同冻融次数下的颜色变化。结果表明,随着冻融次数的增加,L*值(亮度)整体呈下降趋势,表明产品表面逐渐变暗。尤其在茶多酚组中,L*值下降最为显著,与Tan等[12]关于茶多酚加深产品色泽的研究结果一致。原因可能包括:a.茶多酚自身呈棕褐色,其添加本身即可降低产品亮度;b.茶多酚在氧化过程中生成黄褐色的茶黄素、茶红素等色素;c.在高温、高水活度环境下,茶多酚易与鱼肉中的氨基酸和还原糖发生美拉德反应,生成类黑精等深色化合物,进而影响产品色泽[24]。在第5次冻融时,各处理组a*值之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。茶多酚组a*值最高,其次为葡萄籽多酚组和苹果多酚组,而白藜芦醇组和空白对照组相对较低。该结果表明,不同植物多酚对样品综合色调具有差异性影响。此外,除姜黄素组外,其他处理组及空白对照组总体呈升高趋势,升高幅度依次为:葡萄籽多酚组<苹果多酚组<白藜芦醇组<茶多酚组<空白对照组。这一趋势表明脂质氧化在冻融过程中加剧,生成黄色代谢产物,导致样品表面黄化、失光、变暗[25]。在同一冻融次数下,不同处理组间b*值存在一定差异;总体而言,葡萄籽多酚组和白藜芦醇组的b*值相对较低,说明其在延缓黄变方面具有一定优势。姜黄素组的b*值显著高于其他组(P<0.05),样品色泽明显偏黄,可能由于姜黄素本身为脂溶性多酚类天然色素,具有稳定的共轭双键结构,使其即使在低添加量下也能显著着色[26]。Coelho等[27]通过拉曼光谱研究发现,在高温条件下姜黄素与甘油三酯形成疏水堆积结构,增强其显色性,进一步佐证了其显著的着色作用。综上所述,尽管茶多酚和姜黄素在抗氧化方面具有一定活性,但由于其对预制烤鱼色泽的负面影响,可能降低产品的感官可接受度,因此在此类产品中的应用需谨慎评估。
肉制品的持水力受肌肉组织的化学组成与微观结构特性共同调控,是影响其外观、风味、质构、营养成分及色泽等品质指标的重要因素,同时亦与游离氨基酸、核苷酸等可溶性营养物质的流失密切相关[28]。
表2所示为预制烤鱼在不同冻融次数下持水力的变化情况。结果表明,各处理组样品的持水力随冻融次数增加整体呈下降趋势,且不同冻融阶段间差异显著(P<0.05)。这主要归因于反复冻融过程中冰晶的动态形成与再结晶,造成肌纤维结构及细胞膜的不可逆性破坏,导致肌肉与水分结合能力显著减弱,从而造成持水力下降[29]。此外,冻融过程中脂肪氧化反应的发生进一步诱导蛋白质氧化及冷冻变性,降低了肌肉组织的水分保持网络稳定性,加速持水力的下降。在同一冻融次数下,各处理组之间存在一定差异。总体来看,在多数冻融阶段,部分植物多酚处理组的持水力高于空白对照组,且在个别阶段差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),但并非所有处理组在各冻融阶段均表现出显著优势。经5次冻融处理后,各组持水力均明显下降:空白对照组(下降19.74%)、茶多酚(17.67%)、白藜芦醇(16.29%)、苹果多酚(11.39%)、葡萄籽多酚(12.11%)、姜黄素(12.73%)。其中苹果多酚与葡萄籽多酚处理组的下降幅度相对较小,表现出较好的水分保持能力,而姜黄素的作用相对不稳定,提示部分多酚类物质具有一定的细胞保护作用,可延缓持水力的下降趋势。推测其机制可能为多酚分子中富含的酚羟基基团可与鱼肉蛋白中的官能团发生氢键或疏水作用,形成稳定的三维结构,从而提升其对水分的结合能力[30]。
质构特性是衡量水产品感官品质和消费者接受度的重要指标。本研究采用质构剖面分析法对样品进行测定,模拟人类咀嚼过程,以量化评估其硬度、弹性、咀嚼性与胶粘性等参数[31]。
图2显示,随着冻融次数的增加,六组样品的硬度、弹性及咀嚼性均呈下降趋势,而胶粘性则逐渐升高。这主要由于冻融过程中水分流失导致肌原纤维蛋白变性与降解,使得蛋白间交联减少,凝胶结构松散,质构性能劣化,与前述持水力下降趋势一致。在多数冻融阶段,茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚及葡萄籽多酚处理组的硬度值高于空白对照组,部分阶段差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),表明上述多酚在一定程度上有助于维持样品质构稳定性。Hultmann等[32]指出,肌肉质构的恶化在一定程度上源于内源蛋白酶与微生物产生的外源蛋白酶协同作用,导致肌肉组织的蛋白质分解。因此推测,多酚类物质可通过抑制微生物生长与内源酶活性,从而维持蛋白结构稳定,改善鱼肉质构。此外,姜黄素处理样品的咀嚼性显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。这可能是因为姜黄素通过其疏水基团或羟基结构与肌原纤维蛋白发生非共价作用,干扰正常的蛋白质交联与凝胶结构形成,从而导致其三维网络结构松散,降低了咀嚼性[33]。
鱼肉的pH变化是多种生物化学过程协同作用的结果。一方面,肌肉中糖原在代谢过程中分解生成乳酸等酸性物质,致使pH下降;另一方面,微生物代谢产生蛋白酶,分解蛋白质并释放碱性含氮化合物(如氨、胺类),引起pH升高[34]。因此,pH不仅是评价鱼肉品质变化的重要理化指标,也是衡量产品新鲜度的关键参数。
如图3所示,各组样品的pH在反复冻融过程中均发生一定波动,整体变化幅度较小。总体来看,多数处理组在冻融前期pH有所下降,后期部分组别出现不同程度回升,但各组变化规律并不完全一致。空白对照组初始pH为6.87,五组多酚处理样品初始pH均略低于空白对照组,推测与多酚的弱酸性特性有关。冻融1次后,各组pH差异不明显;随着冻融次数增加,不同处理组间逐渐出现差异,在部分冻融阶段,多酚处理组的pH高于空白对照组,表明植物多酚可能在一定程度上减缓了样品pH的下降。其原因可能在于植物多酚能够抑制冻融过程中部分氧化与降解反应,并延缓品质劣变,从而有助于维持样品pH的相对稳定。上述结果表明,多酚类物质在一定程度上可抑制鱼肉品质的劣变,具有延长货架期的潜力。
TBARS值主要反映脂质氧化过程中生成的丙二醛(MDA)含量,其与2-硫代巴比妥酸反应形成显色物,在532 nm处具有最大吸收峰,常被用于评估鱼肉脂质氧化程度[35]。
如图4所示,随着冻融次数的增加,所有实验组样品的TBARS值均呈上升趋势,表明反复冻融促进了脂质氧化。其中,经5次冻融处理后,茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚、姜黄素组以及空白对照组的TBARS值分别上升至0.58±0.01、0.55±0.02、0.36±0.01、0.47±0.01、0.94±0.16和1.11±0.04 mg/kg。与空白对照组相比,各添加组的脂质氧化产物显著减少,降幅分别为48.21%、50.33%、67.18%、57.33%、15.75%(P<0.05),说明植物多酚在反复冻融过程中发挥了抑制脂质氧化的作用。多酚类化合物可通过螯合促氧化金属离子、清除自由基及羰基化合物等多重机制抑制脂肪氧化反应的发生[36]。Quitral等[37]也发现在智利竹䇲鱼(Trachurus murphyi)贮藏过程中添加多酚可显著延缓鱼肉的脂肪氧化作用。
此外,在第4次冻融阶段,葡萄籽多酚组与苹果多酚组的TBARS值显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05);第5次冻融时,苹果多酚组仍维持较低水平,而葡萄籽多酚组与部分处理组之间差异不再显著。这可能归因于二者富含原花青素、儿茶素等活性较高的酚类物质,具有更强的供氢能力与自由基清除作用,可在一定程度上减缓脂质过氧化物及其衍生物的积累[38−39]。
酸价反映脂肪中游离脂肪酸的含量,是评估脂质水解及氧化变质程度的重要指标[40]。脂质中的游离脂肪酸的多少与酸价有直接关系,游离脂肪酸易于氧化产生哈喇味,是造成脂质变坏的根本原因。
由图5可知,随着冻融次数的增加,六组样品的AV都呈现不断上升的趋势,经过5次冻融后,添加茶多酚、白藜芦醇、苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚、姜黄素和空白对照组的AV分别增加至6.44±0.26、6.40±0.16、6.22±0.01、5.99±0.01、6.27±0.04 mg/g和11.29±0.01 mg/g,这是因为反复冻融会加剧脂肪氧化的程度,脂肪氧化初级氧化产物极不稳定,继续氧化分解,生成不饱和的酮类、醛类和羧酸类等衍生物及一些短链脂肪酸,进而导致酸价升高[41]。与空白对照组相比,各植物多酚处理组AV的增幅均受到明显抑制,经5次冻融后,各处理组AV均比空白对照组显著降低了40%以上(P<0.05),表现出明显的抗氧化能力。进一步比较发现,在第4次及第5次冻融阶段,葡萄籽多酚组的AV均处于较低水平,其中第4次冻融时显著低于多数处理组,第5次冻融时显著低于其余处理组(P<0.05),该结果与TBARS变化规律基本一致。由此可见,植物多酚尤其是葡萄籽多酚可有效抑制预制烤鱼脂肪的氧化酸败,从而减缓酸价的变化。
DPPH自由基清除率是一种常用且可靠的体外抗氧化能力评价指标。DPPH自由基在517 nm波长处具有特征吸收峰,当与抗氧化剂反应后,其自由基被还原为DPPH2,导致吸光度显著下降,吸光度降低幅度越大,说明其自由基清除能力越强[42]。
如图6所示,五种植物多酚均表现出较强的DPPH自由基清除活性,清除率均超过90%,其抗氧化能力由强至弱依次为:葡萄籽多酚>茶多酚>苹果多酚>白藜芦醇>姜黄素。其中,葡萄籽多酚的DPPH自由基清除率高达97.34%,可能由于其为多种酚类化合物的混合物,主要包括没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素及原花青素等,结构中富含多个酚羟基,具备显著的供氢能力及自由基清除效能[43]。统计分析表明,不同植物多酚之间的DPPH自由基清除能力存在差异。其中,茶多酚和苹果多酚的清除率分别为96.31%与95.39%,表现出优异的抗氧化性能,而葡萄籽多酚整体表现出较高的体外抗氧化活性;白藜芦醇和姜黄素的清除能力相对较弱。结果表明,五种植物多酚均具有一定的体外抗氧化能力,其中葡萄籽多酚、茶多酚和苹果多酚表现相对较优,可用于后续预制烤鱼冻融品质的比较研究。
脂质氧化进程与鱼肉抗氧化能力呈显著负相关关系。增强鱼肉组织的自由基清除能力有助于延缓氧化过程,是提升冷冻贮藏稳定性的重要手段[44]。
图7显示,随着冻融次数的增加,各组样品的DPPH自由基清除率整体呈下降趋势,表明反复冻融会削弱预制烤鱼体系的抗氧化能力。在同一冻融次数下,多数植物多酚处理组的DPPH自由基清除率高于空白对照组,且在多数阶段差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),表明植物多酚处理能够在一定程度上提高样品的抗氧化潜力。酚类化合物通过其酚羟基向自由基提供氢原子而终止链式反应,同时转化为稳定的酚自由基,从而阻止脂质过氧化链反应的进行[17]。从实验结果来看,苹果多酚组鱼肉的抗氧化能力最强,经过5次冻融处理后,DPPH自由基清除率比对照组高42.79%,与苹果多酚对脂质过氧化产生的超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的抑制作用、螯合金属离子、抑制氧化酶活性的作用机制密切相关[45]。葡萄籽多酚组与白藜芦醇组同样表现出较好的效果,分别比空白对照组高出36.53%与35.09%。此结果与前述TBARS值及AV变化趋势一致。酚类抗氧化能力的差异可能与其结构中羟基数目和位置有关,羟基越多,其提供氢原子的能力越强,抗氧化性能亦越显著[46]。随着冻融次数增加,各处理组的抗氧化能力呈现下降趋势,这可能由于多酚物质在反应中逐步被消耗,其保护作用随之减弱,提示在实际应用中需控制冻融次数以维持产品品质。
本研究以食用品质为核心,系统探究了五种植物多酚在反复冻融过程中对预制烤鱼品质的调控作用。结果表明,苹果多酚和葡萄籽多酚在抑制脂质氧化方面表现突出,显著降低TBARS值和酸价(P<0.05),同时显著提升DPPH自由基清除能力(P<0.05),延缓了氧化损伤过程。更重要的是,两者还能有效维持产品的持水力与质构稳定性,有助于保持鱼肉的口感多汁性与结构完整性。在感官属性方面,部分多酚对色泽和质构存在一定影响,如姜黄素显著提升b*值导致色泽偏黄,茶多酚处理样品L*值和咀嚼性下降,提示需综合考虑其对感官接受度的影响。综合抗氧化能力、食用品质保持效果及经济成本等因素,葡萄籽多酚在各项指标中表现最优,具有良好的应用前景。研究结果为植物多酚在水产品冷链贮运过程中的应用提供理论依据和实践参考,也为预制烤鱼等熟制水产食品的食用品质保护与天然抗氧化技术开发提供了数据支持与技术路径。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040245
  • 接收时间:2025-04-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-20
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    1中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266003
    2福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,福建厦门 361013
    3荣成银海水产有限公司,山东威海 264300
    4广西壮族自治区海洋食品营养与加工技术创新工程研究中心,北部湾大学食品工程学院,广西钦州 535000

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李振兴(1978−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品安全与质量控制,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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