Article(id=1320166397011939522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320166220377215955, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040226, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744905600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792681796553, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1780243200000, pubDateStr=2026-06-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792681796553, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792681796553, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792681796553, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320166220377215955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780243200000', pubDateStr='2026-06-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792681754440, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792681754440, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=77, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320166397234237635, articleId=1320166397011939522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Substrates on the Nutritional Quality and Protein Nutritional Value of Selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify how substrate composition influenced the nutritive profile and protein nutritional value in Stropharia rugosoannulata under selenium enrichment, the nine agricultural by-products were used to cultivate Stropharia rugosoannulata, rice straw, corn stalks, corn cobs, weeds, peanut stalks, Lentinus edodes residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, Auricularia auricula waste substrate and bamboo leaves. The results showed that selenium-enriched cultivation significantly increased both yield and selenium concentration of Stropharia rugosoannulata (P<0.05). Specifically, the selenium content of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with raw corn cobs was the highest, reaching 154.41 mg/kg, which represented a 203.53-fold increase compared with the non-enriched control grown on the same substrate. Significant variations were observed in the nutritional quality of selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different substrates. Selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata produced on corn cobs and weeds contained significantly more crude fat (P<0.05), whereas those cultivated on corn stalks and bamboo leaves showed higher crude protein but lower crude fibre (P<0.05). Regarding protein quality, fruiting bodies from spent Pleurotus ostreatus residue exhibited an essential amino-acid pattern closest to the WHO/FAO reference and the highest SRCAA (amino-acid ratio coefficient score). The highest AAS (amino acid score) and CS (chemical score) were obtained with mushrooms grown on Auricularia auricula waste substrate. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the selenium-enriched product from Auricularia auricula waste substrate had the highest protein nutritional value, and selenium-enrichment cultivation improved its protein nutritional value. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata and its development as a new protein resource.

, authors=Tong ZHAO1, 2, Pengkun QU3, Yingxian GUAN1, 2, Haiping DENG4, Jie GANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Tong ZHAO, Pengkun QU, Yingxian GUAN, Haiping DENG, Jie GANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie GANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320166398584803532, articleId=1320166397011939522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同基质对富硒大球盖菇的营养品质及蛋白质营养价值的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同基质富硒栽培对大球盖菇的营养品质及蛋白质营养价值的影响,采用稻草、玉米杆、玉米芯、杂草、花生杆、香菇菌渣、平菇菌渣、黑木耳废菌棒和竹叶等9种农林废弃物做基质对大球盖菇进行富硒栽培,对富硒大球盖菇营养品质及其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明,富硒栽培使大球盖菇的产量及硒含量显著增加(P<0.05),其中玉米芯生料富硒栽培的大球盖菇硒含量最高,达154.41 mg/kg,与未富硒玉米芯生料常规栽培的大球盖菇相比提高了203.53倍。不同基质栽培的富硒大球盖菇营养品质差异较大,玉米芯和杂草栽培的富硒大球盖菇粗脂肪含量显著增加(P<0.05),玉米杆和竹叶栽培的富硒大球盖菇粗蛋白含量显著上升(P<0.05),而其粗纤维含量显著下降(P<0.05)。平菇菌渣栽培的富硒大球盖菇必需氨基酸含量最接近WHO/FAO模式,同时该大球盖菇的SRCAA(氨基酸比值系数分)最高;黑木耳废菌棒栽培的富硒大球盖菇的AAS(氨基酸评分)和CS(化学评分)最高。综合评价黑木耳废菌棒栽培的富硒大球盖菇的蛋白质营养价值最高,富硒栽培提高了其蛋白质营养价值。本研究为富硒大球盖菇的应用和作为蛋白质新资源开发提供了理论依据。

, authors=赵彤1, 2, 曲鹏坤3, 关颖贤1, 2, 邓海平4, 冮洁1, 2, *, authorsList=赵彤, 曲鹏坤, 关颖贤, 邓海平, 冮洁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冮洁, authorNote=

赵彤(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌栽培及功能食品研发,E-mail:

曲鹏坤(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:功能食品研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
冮洁(1965−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lXGxY8lEey7nObSlISBicQ==, magXml=JaEJY4EZ1t+pFhJKS7o4OQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RBNt92tAocoe3+c3gq82qQ==, pdfFileSize=1601124, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ClcmbrCa8csukoiDu2y4Wg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qu1x1tXXTWpUOLdtFfnvag==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320167063625249484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2633451911@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320167063696552655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, authorId=1320167063625249484, language=EN, stringName=Tong ZHAO, firstName=Tong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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注:不同小写字母表示同一栽培料富硒和常规栽培间的差异显著性(P<0.05),图2~图4同。

, figureFileSmall=8QlYBMg/bvrbv/2Z+SwYCA==, figureFileBig=zQpeIllILEr01E+ZlstlPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067307848435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Contents of ash (A), crude protein (B), crude fat (C) and crude fiber (D) of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts, figureFileSmall=S6gOi+gPxBw7qM7a33Lg4w==, figureFileBig=y4ErBBamibQMdPUGzfZdKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067370762996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同培养料栽培大球盖菇的灰分(A)、粗蛋白(B)、粗脂肪(C)、粗纤维(D)含量, figureFileSmall=S6gOi+gPxBw7qM7a33Lg4w==, figureFileBig=y4ErBBamibQMdPUGzfZdKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067446260469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Contents of Na (A), Mg (B), K (C) and Ca (D) of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts, figureFileSmall=mtD5Ej6Fwa4dSUJPZWkDHA==, figureFileBig=WyOEQpqiQazqdUoRrHlIXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067513369334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同培养料栽培大球盖菇的Na(A)、Mg(B)、K(C)、Ca(D)元素含量, figureFileSmall=mtD5Ej6Fwa4dSUJPZWkDHA==, figureFileBig=WyOEQpqiQazqdUoRrHlIXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067588866807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Contents of Fe (A), Cu (B), Cr (C), Mo (D) of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts, figureFileSmall=F8FHw7WRpsmwF/hYjoxJCQ==, figureFileBig=KvwaxSX6rWATCwwwTiD2DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067664364280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同培养料栽培大球盖菇的Fe(A)、Cu(B)、Cr(C)、Mo(D)元素含量, figureFileSmall=F8FHw7WRpsmwF/hYjoxJCQ==, figureFileBig=KvwaxSX6rWATCwwwTiD2DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320167067735667449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Cultivation formula of Stropharia rugosoannulata

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方配方名称栽培料配方
11-1稻草富硒栽培稻草100%+硒,湿重50 kg
1-2稻草常规栽培稻草100%,湿重50 kg
22-1玉米杆富硒栽培玉米杆37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg+硒
2-2玉米杆常规栽培玉米杆37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg
33-1玉米芯富硒栽培玉米芯37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg+硒
3-2玉米芯常规栽培玉米芯37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg
44-1杂草富硒栽培杂草37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg+硒
4-2杂草常规栽培杂草37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg
55-1花生杆富硒栽培花生杆18 kg+稻草32 kg+硒
5-2花生杆常规栽培花生杆18 kg+稻草32 kg
66-1竹叶富硒栽培竹叶16.5 kg+稻草33.5 kg+硒
6-2竹叶常规栽培竹叶16.5 kg+稻草33.5 kg
77-1平菇菌渣富硒栽培平菇菌渣37.5 kg+猪粪5 kg+麦麸5 kg+稻草2.5 kg+硒
7-2平菇菌渣常规栽培平菇菌渣37.5 kg+猪粪5 kg+麦麸5 kg+稻草2.5 kg
88-1黑木耳废菌棒富硒栽培黑木耳废菌棒45 kg+麦麸5 kg+硒
8-2黑木耳废菌棒常规栽培黑木耳废菌棒45 kg+麦麸5 kg
99-1香菇菌渣玉米芯熟料富
硒栽培
香菇菌渣15 kg+玉米芯熟料
35 kg+硒
9-2香菇菌渣玉米芯熟料常
规栽培
香菇菌渣15 kg+玉米芯熟料
35 kg
1010-1玉米芯生料富硒栽培纯玉米芯100%+硒,湿重50 kg
10-2玉米芯生料常规栽培纯玉米芯100%,湿重50 kg
), ArticleFig(id=1320167067806970618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大球盖菇栽培配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方配方名称栽培料配方
11-1稻草富硒栽培稻草100%+硒,湿重50 kg
1-2稻草常规栽培稻草100%,湿重50 kg
22-1玉米杆富硒栽培玉米杆37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg+硒
2-2玉米杆常规栽培玉米杆37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg
33-1玉米芯富硒栽培玉米芯37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg+硒
3-2玉米芯常规栽培玉米芯37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg
44-1杂草富硒栽培杂草37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg+硒
4-2杂草常规栽培杂草37.5 kg+稻草12.5 kg
55-1花生杆富硒栽培花生杆18 kg+稻草32 kg+硒
5-2花生杆常规栽培花生杆18 kg+稻草32 kg
66-1竹叶富硒栽培竹叶16.5 kg+稻草33.5 kg+硒
6-2竹叶常规栽培竹叶16.5 kg+稻草33.5 kg
77-1平菇菌渣富硒栽培平菇菌渣37.5 kg+猪粪5 kg+麦麸5 kg+稻草2.5 kg+硒
7-2平菇菌渣常规栽培平菇菌渣37.5 kg+猪粪5 kg+麦麸5 kg+稻草2.5 kg
88-1黑木耳废菌棒富硒栽培黑木耳废菌棒45 kg+麦麸5 kg+硒
8-2黑木耳废菌棒常规栽培黑木耳废菌棒45 kg+麦麸5 kg
99-1香菇菌渣玉米芯熟料富
硒栽培
香菇菌渣15 kg+玉米芯熟料
35 kg+硒
9-2香菇菌渣玉米芯熟料常
规栽培
香菇菌渣15 kg+玉米芯熟料
35 kg
1010-1玉米芯生料富硒栽培纯玉米芯100%+硒,湿重50 kg
10-2玉米芯生料常规栽培纯玉米芯100%,湿重50 kg
), ArticleFig(id=1320167067878273787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Selenium contents of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with selenium-rich and conventional cultivation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方号常规栽培(mg/kg)富硒栽培(mg/kg)
11.04±0.01b73.78±0.04a
20.95±0.01b33.27±0.01a
32.13±0.02b33.49±0.02a
41.36±0.01b44.60±0.01a
50.68±0.02b32.88±0.03a
61.66±0.01b51.26±0.01a
72.11±0.01b37.83±0.02a
81.41±0.02b22.86±0.01a
90.88±0.01b22.15±0.01a
100.75±0.01b154.41±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167067941188348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

富硒栽培与常规栽培的大球盖菇硒含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方号常规栽培(mg/kg)富硒栽培(mg/kg)
11.04±0.01b73.78±0.04a
20.95±0.01b33.27±0.01a
32.13±0.02b33.49±0.02a
41.36±0.01b44.60±0.01a
50.68±0.02b32.88±0.03a
61.66±0.01b51.26±0.01a
72.11±0.01b37.83±0.02a
81.41±0.02b22.86±0.01a
90.88±0.01b22.15±0.01a
100.75±0.01b154.41±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068008297213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amino acid content of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸含量(g/100 g)
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
色氨酸Trp#0.50±0.01b0.42±0.01e0.46±0.01c0.44±0.01d0.28±0.01f0.50±0.01b0.56±0.03a
天冬氨酸Asp*2.91±0.01c2.37±0.02f2.89±0.03d2.70±0.02e1.53±0.03g2.93±0.03b2.95±0.02a
苏氨酸Thr#1.80±0.02c1.37±0.03f1.84±0.02a1.60±0.03e0.87±0.02g1.81±0.02b1.77±0.01d
丝氨酸Ser1.47±0.01c1.16±0.01f1.45±0.01d1.42±0.01e0.77±0.01g1.56±0.04b1.61±0.05a
谷氨酸Glu*7.09±0.02d4.66±0.02f7.13±0.02c5.27±0.05e2.61±0.02g7.85±0.03b8.29±0.03a
甘氨酸Gly*1.39±0.03b1.16±0.03e1.51±0.02a1.35±0.01d0.80±0.06f1.37±0.05c1.39±0.01b
丙氨酸Ala*1.60±0.02d1.46±0.01e1.85±0.03a1.72±0.02b0.95±0.05f1.72±0.04b1.67±0.02c
缬氨酸Val#1.71±0.03b1.33±0.02f1.81±0.03a1.52±0.03e0.85±0.01g1.64±0.03c1.61±0.03d
异亮氨酸Ile#1.36±0.01b1.12±0.03f1.43±0.02a1.27±0.02c0.73±0.05g1.23±0.02e1.26±0.02d
亮氨酸Leu#2.26±0.01b2.02±0.02f2.39±0.01a2.16±0.02c1.33±0.03g2.05±0.01d2.04±0.04e
酪氨酸Tyr*0.97±0.02b0.83±0.01d0.83±0.01d0.81±0.03e0.54±0.01f0.94±0.03c0.99±0.03a
苯丙氨酸Phe#*1.68±0.03b1.43±0.02d1.79±0.02a1.48±0.01c0.87±0.02f1.43±0.05d1.37±0.03e
赖氨酸Lys#2.02±0.02b1.61±0.03f2.08±0.03a1.77±0.02e1.05±0.03g1.98±0.01c1.91±0.01d
组氨酸His0.89±0.04b0.70±0.02e0.92±0.02a0.76±0.02d0.46±0.04f0.88±0.03c0.88±0.02c
精氨酸Arg1.97±0.02b1.61±0.01f2.00±0.01a1.74±0.01d0.93±0.03g1.84±0.04c1.72±0.03e
脯氨酸Pro1.11±0.03b0.90±0.02e1.25±0.02a1.08±0.03c0.59±0.05f1.06±0.02d1.08±0.05c
胱氨酸Cys0.48±0.01e0.46±0.03f0.54±0.03b0.50±0.02d0.32±0.05g0.52±0.03c0.56±0.02a
蛋氨酸Met#0.47±0.03c0.43±0.02d0.48±0.02b0.50±0.01a0.32±0.01f0.48±0.05b0.44±0.03d
必需氨基酸总量E11.89.7312.2810.746.311.1210.96
氨基酸总量T31.6825.0432.6528.0915.831.7932.1
E/T37.2538.8637.6138.2339.8734.9834.14
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068087988990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇氨基酸含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸含量(g/100 g)
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
色氨酸Trp#0.50±0.01b0.42±0.01e0.46±0.01c0.44±0.01d0.28±0.01f0.50±0.01b0.56±0.03a
天冬氨酸Asp*2.91±0.01c2.37±0.02f2.89±0.03d2.70±0.02e1.53±0.03g2.93±0.03b2.95±0.02a
苏氨酸Thr#1.80±0.02c1.37±0.03f1.84±0.02a1.60±0.03e0.87±0.02g1.81±0.02b1.77±0.01d
丝氨酸Ser1.47±0.01c1.16±0.01f1.45±0.01d1.42±0.01e0.77±0.01g1.56±0.04b1.61±0.05a
谷氨酸Glu*7.09±0.02d4.66±0.02f7.13±0.02c5.27±0.05e2.61±0.02g7.85±0.03b8.29±0.03a
甘氨酸Gly*1.39±0.03b1.16±0.03e1.51±0.02a1.35±0.01d0.80±0.06f1.37±0.05c1.39±0.01b
丙氨酸Ala*1.60±0.02d1.46±0.01e1.85±0.03a1.72±0.02b0.95±0.05f1.72±0.04b1.67±0.02c
缬氨酸Val#1.71±0.03b1.33±0.02f1.81±0.03a1.52±0.03e0.85±0.01g1.64±0.03c1.61±0.03d
异亮氨酸Ile#1.36±0.01b1.12±0.03f1.43±0.02a1.27±0.02c0.73±0.05g1.23±0.02e1.26±0.02d
亮氨酸Leu#2.26±0.01b2.02±0.02f2.39±0.01a2.16±0.02c1.33±0.03g2.05±0.01d2.04±0.04e
酪氨酸Tyr*0.97±0.02b0.83±0.01d0.83±0.01d0.81±0.03e0.54±0.01f0.94±0.03c0.99±0.03a
苯丙氨酸Phe#*1.68±0.03b1.43±0.02d1.79±0.02a1.48±0.01c0.87±0.02f1.43±0.05d1.37±0.03e
赖氨酸Lys#2.02±0.02b1.61±0.03f2.08±0.03a1.77±0.02e1.05±0.03g1.98±0.01c1.91±0.01d
组氨酸His0.89±0.04b0.70±0.02e0.92±0.02a0.76±0.02d0.46±0.04f0.88±0.03c0.88±0.02c
精氨酸Arg1.97±0.02b1.61±0.01f2.00±0.01a1.74±0.01d0.93±0.03g1.84±0.04c1.72±0.03e
脯氨酸Pro1.11±0.03b0.90±0.02e1.25±0.02a1.08±0.03c0.59±0.05f1.06±0.02d1.08±0.05c
胱氨酸Cys0.48±0.01e0.46±0.03f0.54±0.03b0.50±0.02d0.32±0.05g0.52±0.03c0.56±0.02a
蛋氨酸Met#0.47±0.03c0.43±0.02d0.48±0.02b0.50±0.01a0.32±0.01f0.48±0.05b0.44±0.03d
必需氨基酸总量E11.89.7312.2810.746.311.1210.96
氨基酸总量T31.6825.0432.6528.0915.831.7932.1
E/T37.2538.8637.6138.2339.8734.9834.14
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068180263679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Essential amino acid composition of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类必需氨基酸组成(g/100 g蛋白质)
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1FAO模式鸡蛋模式
异亮氨酸3.303.223.353.333.562.853.2746.6
亮氨酸5.485.805.595.666.494.755.3078.8
赖氨酸4.904.624.874.645.124.594.965.56.4
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸2.302.562.392.623.122.322.603.55.5
色氨酸1.211.211.081.151.371.161.4511.6
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸6.426.496.136.006.885.496.13610
苏氨酸4.363.944.314.194.244.194.6045.1
缬氨酸4.153.824.243.984.153.804.1857.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068264149760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇必需氨基酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类必需氨基酸组成(g/100 g蛋白质)
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1FAO模式鸡蛋模式
异亮氨酸3.303.223.353.333.562.853.2746.6
亮氨酸5.485.805.595.666.494.755.3078.8
赖氨酸4.904.624.874.645.124.594.965.56.4
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸2.302.562.392.623.122.322.603.55.5
色氨酸1.211.211.081.151.371.161.4511.6
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸6.426.496.136.006.885.496.13610
苏氨酸4.363.944.314.194.244.194.6045.1
缬氨酸4.153.824.243.984.153.804.1857.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068331258625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Amino acid scores (AAS) of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸评分
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
异亮氨酸82.4280.4383.6983.1489.0271.2581.82
亮氨酸78.2782.8979.9280.8092.6867.8675.70
赖氨酸89.0484.0988.5384.2793.1383.4290.20
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸65.8073.0468.2274.8289.2066.2074.21
色氨酸34.6334.4730.7732.9239.0233.1041.56
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸107.07108.20102.2299.95114.6391.53102.16
苏氨酸109.0998.38107.68104.75106.10104.85114.94
缬氨酸82.9176.4184.7479.6182.9376.0083.64
AAS34.6334.4730.7732.9239.0233.1041.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068410950402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇氨基酸评分(AAS)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸评分
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
异亮氨酸82.4280.4383.6983.1489.0271.2581.82
亮氨酸78.2782.8979.9280.8092.6867.8675.70
赖氨酸89.0484.0988.5384.2793.1383.4290.20
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸65.8073.0468.2274.8289.2066.2074.21
色氨酸34.6334.4730.7732.9239.0233.1041.56
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸107.07108.20102.2299.95114.6391.53102.16
苏氨酸109.0998.38107.68104.75106.10104.85114.94
缬氨酸82.9176.4184.7479.6182.9376.0083.64
AAS34.6334.4730.7732.9239.0233.1041.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068482253571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Chemical scores (CS) of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类化学评分
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
异亮氨酸80.1479.6482.8682.3388.1570.5581.01
亮氨酸99.88107.73103.87105.01120.4588.1998.37
赖氨酸122.75118.06124.30118.32130.75117.12126.65
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸67.1875.9470.9377.7992.7468.8377.16
色氨酸35.3635.8431.9934.2340.5734.4243.21
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸103.06106.06100.2097.97112.3789.72100.15
苏氨酸137.26126.07137.98134.22135.95134.36147.28
缬氨酸91.1085.5094.8389.0892.8085.0593.59
CS35.3635.8431.9934.2340.5734.4243.21
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068557751044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇化学评分(CS)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类化学评分
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
异亮氨酸80.1479.6482.8682.3388.1570.5581.01
亮氨酸99.88107.73103.87105.01120.4588.1998.37
赖氨酸122.75118.06124.30118.32130.75117.12126.65
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸67.1875.9470.9377.7992.7468.8377.16
色氨酸35.3635.8431.9934.2340.5734.4243.21
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸103.06106.06100.2097.97112.3789.72100.15
苏氨酸137.26126.07137.98134.22135.95134.36147.28
缬氨酸91.1085.5094.8389.0892.8085.0593.59
CS35.3635.8431.9934.2340.5734.4243.21
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068629054213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

RCAA and SRCAA of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸比值系数和氨基酸比值系数分
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
异亮氨酸0.940.940.950.970.940.890.91
亮氨酸0.890.960.910.940.980.850.84
赖氨酸1.010.981.010.980.981.041.00
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸0.750.850.780.870.940.830.82
色氨酸1.381.401.221.341.441.451.62
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸1.221.261.161.161.211.141.14
苏氨酸1.241.141.221.221.121.311.28
缬氨酸0.940.890.960.930.870.950.93
SRCAA83.5986.4985.8988.1089.2883.7284.54
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068708745990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇氨基酸比值系数和氨基酸比值系数分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸比值系数和氨基酸比值系数分
2-13-13-24-17-17-28-1
异亮氨酸0.940.940.950.970.940.890.91
亮氨酸0.890.960.910.940.980.850.84
赖氨酸1.010.981.010.980.981.041.00
蛋氨酸+胱氨酸0.750.850.780.870.940.830.82
色氨酸1.381.401.221.341.441.451.62
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸1.221.261.161.161.211.141.14
苏氨酸1.241.141.221.221.121.311.28
缬氨酸0.940.890.960.930.870.950.93
SRCAA83.5986.4985.8988.1089.2883.7284.54
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068775854855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Sort of protein nutrient value of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different composts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方号氨基酸评分(AAS)化学评分(CS)氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)生物价(BV)营养指数(NI)贴近度排名
2-134.6335.3683.5998.1895.3140.500.90274
3-134.4735.8486.4998.3495.4934.240.89906
3-230.7731.9985.8998.6595.8342.140.91015
4-132.9234.2388.1099.1896.4137.880.90393
7-139.0240.5789.2898.9296.1220.280.88127
7-233.1034.4283.7298.9996.2042.720.90612
8-141.5643.2184.5499.1696.3838.180.90581
), ArticleFig(id=1320167068847158024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320166397011939522, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇蛋白质营养价值排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配方号氨基酸评分(AAS)化学评分(CS)氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)生物价(BV)营养指数(NI)贴近度排名
2-134.6335.3683.5998.1895.3140.500.90274
3-134.4735.8486.4998.3495.4934.240.89906
3-230.7731.9985.8998.6595.8342.140.91015
4-132.9234.2388.1099.1896.4137.880.90393
7-139.0240.5789.2898.9296.1220.280.88127
7-233.1034.4283.7298.9996.2042.720.90612
8-141.5643.2184.5499.1696.3838.180.90581
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不同基质对富硒大球盖菇的营养品质及蛋白质营养价值的影响
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赵彤 1, 2 , 曲鹏坤 3 , 关颖贤 1, 2 , 邓海平 4 , 冮洁 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(11): 77-87
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (11) : 77 -87
不同基质对富硒大球盖菇的营养品质及蛋白质营养价值的影响
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赵彤1, 2 , 曲鹏坤3 , 关颖贤1, 2, 邓海平4, 冮洁1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1大连民族大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连 116600
  • 2生物技术与资源利用教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连 116600
  • 3贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州贵阳 550009
  • 4铜仁市农业科学院,贵州铜仁 554300
通讯作者:
冮洁(1965−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵彤(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食用菌栽培及功能食品研发,E-mail:

曲鹏坤(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:功能食品研究,E-mail:

Effects of Different Substrates on the Nutritional Quality and Protein Nutritional Value of Selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata
Tong ZHAO1, 2 , Pengkun QU3 , Yingxian GUAN1, 2, Haiping DENG4, Jie GANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian 116600, China
  • 3Biotechnology Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550009, China
  • 4Tongren Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tongren 554300, China
出版时间: 2026-06-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040226
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为探究不同基质富硒栽培对大球盖菇的营养品质及蛋白质营养价值的影响,采用稻草、玉米杆、玉米芯、杂草、花生杆、香菇菌渣、平菇菌渣、黑木耳废菌棒和竹叶等9种农林废弃物做基质对大球盖菇进行富硒栽培,对富硒大球盖菇营养品质及其蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明,富硒栽培使大球盖菇的产量及硒含量显著增加(P<0.05),其中玉米芯生料富硒栽培的大球盖菇硒含量最高,达154.41 mg/kg,与未富硒玉米芯生料常规栽培的大球盖菇相比提高了203.53倍。不同基质栽培的富硒大球盖菇营养品质差异较大,玉米芯和杂草栽培的富硒大球盖菇粗脂肪含量显著增加(P<0.05),玉米杆和竹叶栽培的富硒大球盖菇粗蛋白含量显著上升(P<0.05),而其粗纤维含量显著下降(P<0.05)。平菇菌渣栽培的富硒大球盖菇必需氨基酸含量最接近WHO/FAO模式,同时该大球盖菇的SRCAA(氨基酸比值系数分)最高;黑木耳废菌棒栽培的富硒大球盖菇的AAS(氨基酸评分)和CS(化学评分)最高。综合评价黑木耳废菌棒栽培的富硒大球盖菇的蛋白质营养价值最高,富硒栽培提高了其蛋白质营养价值。本研究为富硒大球盖菇的应用和作为蛋白质新资源开发提供了理论依据。

大球盖菇  /  富硒  /  栽培基质  /  营养品质  /  蛋白质营养价值

To clarify how substrate composition influenced the nutritive profile and protein nutritional value in Stropharia rugosoannulata under selenium enrichment, the nine agricultural by-products were used to cultivate Stropharia rugosoannulata, rice straw, corn stalks, corn cobs, weeds, peanut stalks, Lentinus edodes residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, Auricularia auricula waste substrate and bamboo leaves. The results showed that selenium-enriched cultivation significantly increased both yield and selenium concentration of Stropharia rugosoannulata (P<0.05). Specifically, the selenium content of Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with raw corn cobs was the highest, reaching 154.41 mg/kg, which represented a 203.53-fold increase compared with the non-enriched control grown on the same substrate. Significant variations were observed in the nutritional quality of selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivated with different substrates. Selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata produced on corn cobs and weeds contained significantly more crude fat (P<0.05), whereas those cultivated on corn stalks and bamboo leaves showed higher crude protein but lower crude fibre (P<0.05). Regarding protein quality, fruiting bodies from spent Pleurotus ostreatus residue exhibited an essential amino-acid pattern closest to the WHO/FAO reference and the highest SRCAA (amino-acid ratio coefficient score). The highest AAS (amino acid score) and CS (chemical score) were obtained with mushrooms grown on Auricularia auricula waste substrate. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the selenium-enriched product from Auricularia auricula waste substrate had the highest protein nutritional value, and selenium-enrichment cultivation improved its protein nutritional value. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata and its development as a new protein resource.

Stropharia rugosoannulata  /  selenium-enriched  /  cultivation substrate  /  nutritional quality  /  protein nutritional value
赵彤, 曲鹏坤, 关颖贤, 邓海平, 冮洁. 不同基质对富硒大球盖菇的营养品质及蛋白质营养价值的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (11) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040226
Tong ZHAO, Pengkun QU, Yingxian GUAN, Haiping DENG, Jie GANG. Effects of Different Substrates on the Nutritional Quality and Protein Nutritional Value of Selenium-enriched Stropharia rugosoannulata[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (11) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040226
大球盖菇(Stropharia rugosoannulata),又名皱环球盖菇,系球盖菇科(Strophariaceae)球盖菇属(Stropharia),是联合国粮农组织向发展中国家推荐种植的新菌种[1−2]。其色泽艳丽,柄粗盖肥,口感细腻、脆嫩爽滑,具有很高的营养价值和降血糖、抑制肿瘤等药理活性,深受广大消费者喜爱[3−6]。同时大球盖菇营养丰富,其子实体中含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素、多糖类、黄酮、氨基酸等营养成分,是一种具有高价值的食用菌[7−9]。大球盖菇中的蛋白质含量可以达到30%,且含有的热量很低,是一种符合大食物观的新型的优质蛋白[10−12]。大球盖菇菌丝生命力旺盛,抗杂菌能力强,是一种栽培技术较低的草腐菌,加之其生产成本低、产量高,成为了农民增收的新途径[13]。我国的四川、云南、福建、山东、浙江等地均有大规模栽培。大球盖菇抗逆性较强,目前其培养料以农业秸秆、阔叶树木屑等原材料为主[14−15]。有研究表明,采用稻草和谷壳栽培的大球盖菇蛋白质和氨基酸含量高于单独使用稻草或谷壳基质[16],谭笑等[17]研究发现主料为50%玉米秸秆+40%稻壳的栽培配方种植大球盖菇的效果最佳。根据中国食用菌协会公共服务平台大数据,2022年我国大球盖菇产量为410478.27吨,同上一年相比增长了193.1%。大球盖菇产业仍有较大的发展潜力。
硒是一种人体必需的微量非金属元素,对维持人体正常生理代谢具有重要作用,缺硒容易导致克山病及大骨节病等一系列疾病[18−19]。食用菌因其生长周期短,栽培条件可控等优点,被认为是富硒的最优载体之一[20]。食用菌对硒的富集主要有两种形式,一种是将外源的硒元素直接添加到栽培基质中,一种是使用富硒的农业废弃物作为栽培基质栽培食用菌[21]。适量的硒有利于食用菌的繁殖,使食用菌产量有显著提升,增加子实体中硒元素含量及提高食用菌品质[22−23]。此外还有研究发现,在栽培过程中添加硒能够显著降低食用菌对铅、镉、汞、砷等有害元素的吸收,进而降低食用菌的重金属风险[24−25]。目前对于富硒食用菌的研究主要集中在金针菇[26]、香菇[27]及黑木耳[28]等大宗食用菌中。有研究发现,在培养基中添加适量Na2SeO3能促进大球盖菇菌丝生长[29]。添加低剂量Na2SeO3能够显著改善大球盖菇子实体农艺性状和营养品质[30]。
大球盖菇作为新兴食用菌,关于其栽培技术和营养成分的研究较多,但对其富硒栽培及其蛋白质营养价值评价的研究相对较少。本文对在不同栽培基质中收获的大球盖菇进行营养指标的测定和分析,研究大球盖菇富硒效果及对其营养品质和蛋白质营养价值的影响,以期为富硒大球盖菇的应用及其作为新蛋白资源的开发利用提供理论依据。
大球盖菇D1号 福建省古田县万福春食用菌有限公司;稻草、玉米杆、杂草、花生杆、竹叶、平菇菌渣、黑木耳废菌棒、香菇菌渣、纯玉米芯 贵州省铜仁市市售;PVP、DTT 北京Solarbio生物科技有限公司;乙二胺四乙酸二钠、硫代巴比妥酸 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;核黄素、甲基红、次甲基蓝 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、氢氧化钠、葡萄糖、硫酸钾、硫酸铜、正丁醇、硼酸、硫酸、盐酸、苯酚、乙醚、氯仿 分析纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司;牛血清蛋白 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;氨基酸标准品(2.5 μmol/mL) 美国Sigma公司。
DHG-9240A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;H-2050R冷冻离心机 长沙湘仪离心机仪器有限公司;UV-2800/2802/2802S紫外分光光度计 龙尼柯(上海)仪器有限公司;HYG-3多功能摇床 奥豪斯仪器(上海)有限公司;KJELTEC 2300全自动定氮仪 金坛市杰瑞尔电器有限公司;RE5210A旋转蒸发器 上海亚荣生化仪器厂;SCIENTZ-5T超声波提取机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;FW100高速万能粉碎机 天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;7700电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 安捷伦科技有限公司;L-8900全自动氨基酸分析仪 日立高新技术公司。
培养料配方:本试验采用贵州省铜仁市农林废弃物9种,分别为稻草、玉米杆、玉米芯、杂草、花生杆、平菇菌渣、香菇菌渣、黑木耳废菌棒及竹叶,以上述9种基料为主料,并按照每公斤培养料(湿基)添加40 mg的亚硒酸钠作为富硒组,共栽培20个配方(表1)。
栽培过程:试验地点为贵州省铜仁市农业科学院坝黄基地和碧江区桐木坪乡卜口村,每个小区栽培面积3 m2,每个配方栽培3个小区,共计试验60个小区。按照“3层料2层种”铺料接种,将菌种掰成边长1.5 cm大小,采用梅花穴播法,穴间距10 cm,播种深度10 cm,每平方米用种量0.7 kg。播种完成后,按照《大球盖菇田间管理技术规程》[31]进行发菌管理。菌丝生长期间,保持基质温度为18 ℃,基质含水量控制在65%~70%。当菌渣表面干燥时适当喷水,保持湿润。
产量测定:统计每小区头三潮大球盖菇产量,计算亩产。
$生物转化率({\text{%}})=\frac{大球盖菇鲜重}{培养料干重}\times 100$
将大球盖菇子实体放入50 ℃烘箱烘干,粉碎后过60目筛,菌粉进行营养品质测定。大球盖菇的水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗纤维分别按照GB 5009.3-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中水分的测定》[32]、GB 5009.4-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定》[33]、GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》[34]、GB 5009.6-2025《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》[35]、GB/T 5009.10-2003《植物类食品中粗纤维的测定》[36]进行测定。
根据GB 5009.268-2025《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中ICP-MS法[37]进行测定。
采用GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》[38]进行测定。
采用化学评分的方法。氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)、必需氨基酸指数(essential amino acid index,EAAI)、生物价(biological value,BV)和营养指数(nutrient index,NI)按BANO等[39]的方法进行计算,氨基酸比值系数(ratio co-efficient of amino acid,RCAA)、氨基酸比值系数分(score of amino of amino acid,SRCAA)和化学评分(chemical score,CS)按FAO的方法计算[40]。
$ \rm AAS({\text{%}})=\frac{{{A}}_{{x}}}{{{A}}_{{s}}}\times{100} $
式中,Ax:样品蛋白质中某一种必需氨基酸的相对含量,%;As:WHO/FAO评分模式中相应必需氨基酸的相对含量,%。
$ \rm CS({\text{%}})=\frac{{{A}}_{{x}}}{{{A}}_{{s}}}\times{100} $
式中,Ax:待测蛋白质中某一种必需氨基酸的相对含量,%;As:标准鸡蛋白中相应必需氨基酸的相对含量,%。
$ \text{EAAI=}\sqrt[\text{n}]{\frac{{\text{Lys}}^{\text{P}}}{{\text{Lys}}^{\text{S}}}\text{×}\frac{{\text{Trp}}^{\text{P}}}{{\text{Trp}}^{\text{S}}}\text{×…×}\frac{{\text{Thr}}^{\text{P}}}{{\text{Thr}}^{\text{S}}}}\text{×100} $
式中,P:待测蛋白质中某一种必需氨基酸的相对含量,%;S:标准鸡蛋白中相应必需氨基酸的相对含量,%;n:比较的氨基酸数。
$ \rm BV=1.09\times EAAI-11.7 $
$ \text{NI=}\frac{\text{EAAI×PP}}{\text{100}} $
式中,PP:待测样品粗蛋白百分含量,%;EAAI:必需氨基酸指数。
$ \text{氨基酸比值=}\frac{\text{待测样氨基酸含量(\%)}}{\text{模式氨基酸含量(\%)}} $
$ \text{RCAA=}\frac{\text{氨基酸比值}}{\text{氨基酸比值的平均值}} $
$ \rm{SRCAA} =100-CV\times 100 $
式中,CV:RCAA的变异系数,CV=标准差/平均值。如果待测样品中的蛋白质氨基酸组成与氨基酸模式一致,则CV=0,SRCAA=100。
数据表示为3次重复实验的平均值±标准差,通过SPSS 27.0软件对实验数据进行分析(P<0.05) ,通过Origin 2022软件对实验结果进行绘图。
不同培养料富硒栽培与常规栽培的大球盖菇的产量及转化率如图1所示。不同栽培料的栽培效果有所不同,香菇菌渣玉米芯熟料配方亩产可达2371.62 kg,排名第一位,其生物转化率最高,达56.91%,香菇菌渣中纤维素和蛋白质等营养物质丰富,再加上玉米芯熟料适宜大球盖菇生长和出菇。黑木耳废菌棒富硒配方亩产2191.34 kg,生物转化率为52.61%,产量排名第二位。竹叶富硒配方亩产为917.4 kg,产量和生物转化率都最低,竹叶营养单一和保水性较差,不适宜作为大球盖菇栽培料。富硒栽培能够增加大球盖菇的产量,这与曹雪梅[41]的研究结果一致。
不同培养料富硒栽培与常规栽培的大球盖菇中灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗纤维的含量测定结果如图2所示。竹叶配方常规栽培的大球盖菇灰分含量最高,为11.03%,平菇菌渣常规栽培的大球盖菇灰分含量最低为6.49%,平菇菌渣配方富硒栽培后大球盖菇灰分含量较常规栽培相比提高了33.94%。花生杆配方富硒栽培后大球盖菇灰分含量显著低于常规栽培,与常规栽培相比降低了6.35%。稻草配方富硒栽培和常规栽培相比,大球盖菇灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇灰分含量不同。栽培料中添加木屑,会降低大球盖菇灰分含量[42];缪晓丹等[43]以稻草、谷壳、废菌棒等栽培料不同配比栽培的大球盖菇灰分含量不同。
大球盖菇富含蛋白质。平菇菌渣配方栽培的大球盖菇蛋白质含量最高,为43.15%;玉米芯生料栽培的蛋白质含量最低,为20.06%。玉米杆、竹叶、黑木耳废菌棒及玉米芯生料配方富硒栽培与常规栽培相比,其粗蛋白含量分别提高8.55%、10.33%、17.81%和23.98%。稻草、玉米芯、杂草、花生杆、平菇菌渣和香菇渣玉米芯熟料配方富硒栽培后与常规栽培相比粗蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05)。Dong等[24]研究富硒金针菇时发现添加Na2SeO3能够显著提高金针菇的粗蛋白含量。富硒栽培能否提高大球盖菇蛋白质含量还与栽培基质有关。
花生杆配方常规栽培的大球盖菇粗脂肪含量最高为4.44%,但花生杆配方富硒栽培后大球盖菇粗脂肪含量与常规栽培无显著差异(P>0.05)。玉米芯配方常规栽培的大球盖菇的脂肪含量最低仅为1.22%,富硒栽培后的玉米芯配方中脂肪含量较常规栽培提高了207.43%。此外杂草、平菇菌渣、香菇渣玉米芯熟料和玉米芯生料配方富硒栽培后大球盖菇粗脂肪含量与常规栽培相比显著上升(P<0.05)。稻草、玉米杆、竹叶和黑木耳废菌棒配方富硒栽培后大球盖菇粗脂肪含量与常规栽培相比显著下降(P<0.05),分别下降了10.41%、14.84%、45.30%、4.11%。陈怡彤等[44]以玉米杆代替稻草栽培大球盖菇,其脂肪含量有显著提升。
玉米芯生料配方常规栽培的大球盖菇粗纤维含量最高,为6.56%,玉米芯配方富硒栽培的大球盖菇粗纤维含量最低,为4.13%。不同基质由于其纤维素含量不同,也影响栽培的大球盖菇纤维素含量。刘炼等[45]发现含谷壳、玉米芯和蔗渣等基质栽培的大球盖菇中粗纤维含量显著低于单一秸秆处理的实验组。在富硒栽培后,所有配方的大球盖菇子实体中粗纤维的含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。
不同培养料富硒栽培与常规栽培大球盖菇中常量元素和微量元素含量变化如图3和图4所示。平菇菌渣配方有利于钠的积累,玉米芯基质有利于镁、钾、钙的积累。黑木耳废菌棒富硒栽培的大球盖菇的钙含量最高,为14422.50 mg/kg,以杂草、花生杆、竹叶、黑木耳废菌棒、香菇菌渣和玉米芯生料为基料富硒栽培的大球盖菇中的钙含量分别提高了9.15%、66.64%、48.05%、137.88%、2.67%、26.95%,而以稻草、玉米杆、玉米芯和平菇菌渣为基料富硒栽培的大球盖菇钙含量则分别下降了12.70%、17.54%、43.55%、49.79%。黑木耳废菌棒和玉米芯生料富硒栽培的大球盖菇中铁、铜、钼和铬四种微量元素的含量均有显著提升。其中玉米芯生料富硒栽培的大球盖菇中铁含量最高,为445.81 mg/kg。添加氮源和微量元素可以明显促进大球盖菇的生长,多元化的基质混合培养大球盖菇具有更好的效果[46]。不同基质由于其所含矿物质不同,因此影响了所栽培的大球盖菇子实体中元素的吸收和积累。富硒栽培与常规栽培相比也对大球盖菇元素的吸收和积累产生影响,但影响的规律性和机制目前未见报道,还有待进一步深入研究。
不同培养料富硒栽培与常规栽培的硒含量变化如表2所示,富硒栽培各配方硒含量均有显著提高(P<0.05),玉米芯生料富硒配方硒含量最高,为154.41 mg/kg,与未富硒的玉米芯生料栽培相比提高了203.53倍,说明大球盖菇具有较强的富硒能力,按照GH/T 1135-2024《富硒农产品》中食用菌及其制品硒含量为0.15~5.0 mg/kg的标准,该大球盖菇不可直接食用,可作为富硒食品营养强化剂进行开发应用。
筛选产量较高,同时考虑富硒效果以及蛋白质含量,选定配方2-1、3-1、3-2、4-1、7-1、7-2和8-1等7个配方栽培的大球盖菇的子实体进行氨基酸含量的测定,其氨基酸组成如表3所示。大球盖菇中检测出含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸种类齐全,其中包括人体所必需的8种氨基酸,第一限制氨基酸是色氨酸。大球盖菇氨基酸中含量最高是谷氨酸,其次是天冬氨酸,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸是主要的呈味氨基酸,是大球盖菇鲜味的主要来源,其中黑木耳废菌棒富硒配方栽培的谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量最高,为11.24 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的35.02%,其他配方栽培的大球盖菇谷氨酸和天冬氨酸的含量在7~10 g/100 g,占氨基酸总量的26%~30%。
不同配方栽培的大球盖菇的必需氨基酸含量均在10 g/100 g左右,氨基酸总量在30 g/100 g左右。平菇菌渣富硒栽培的大球盖菇必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量的比值最高,为39.87%。除了平菇菌渣配方和黑木耳废菌棒富硒配方的大球盖菇必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量的比值低于35%之外,其他配方的大球盖菇必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量的比值均高于37%。不同配方栽培的大球盖菇氨基酸总量虽存在差异,但大球盖菇氨基酸含量总体上较高。
必需氨基酸种类、数量和组成比例都是影响蛋白质营养价值高低的因素。将样品的必需氨基酸与人体必需氨基酸的需求模式比较,比值愈接近愈容易被人体所利用,该蛋白质质量亦更理想。由表4可知,不同配方栽培出来的大球盖菇与WHO/FAO提出的参考模式相比,色氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸及苏氨酸的比例接近或略高于WHO/FAO,其他必需氨基酸含量均低于WHO/FAO模式。除平菇菌渣配方外,其他配方栽培出来的大球盖菇必需氨基酸组成差距不大。
采用氨基酸评分法和化学评分法对样品的蛋白质进行营养评价,计算获得的各评价指标如表5和表6所示。除杂草富硒配方和平菇菌渣配方外,其他配方的大球盖菇苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸评分均高于100,所有配方第一限制性氨基酸都是色氨酸。黑木耳废菌棒富硒配方栽培的大球盖菇的AAS和CS均为最高,分别为41.56和43.21,玉米芯配方栽培的大球盖菇AAS和CS均为最低,分别为30.77和31.99。
氨基酸比值系数是根据氨基酸平衡理论,利用WHO/FAO的氨基酸模式进行蛋白质质量评价。由表7可知,不同配方的氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)差异不大,平菇菌渣富硒配方栽培的大球盖菇SRCAA最高,为89.28,玉米杆富硒配方栽培的大球盖菇的SRCAA最低,为83.59。
必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)是用以评价食物蛋白质的质量,EAAI越接近100,待测蛋白质与标准蛋白的必需氨基酸组成越接近,营养价值越高;生物价(BV)是评价吸收的蛋白质被机体利用程度的指标;营养指数(NI)综合考虑蛋白质的含量与其氨基酸组成来评价蛋白质营养价值。由表8可知:不同配方的大球盖菇EAAI和BV较为接近,其中杂草富硒配方的EAAI和BV最高,分别为99.18和96.41;不同配方栽培的大球盖菇NI差异较大,其中平菇菌渣配方的大球盖菇NI最高,为42.72。平菇菌渣富硒配方栽培的大球盖菇NI最低,为20.28。
从7个指标综合评价大球盖菇蛋白质营养价值,各指标权重相等,由表8可知,不同培养料栽培的大球盖菇蛋白质营养价值为黑木耳废菌棒富硒配方>平菇菌渣配方>杂草富硒配方>玉米杆富硒配方>玉米芯配方>玉米芯富硒配方>平菇菌渣富硒配方。以黑木耳废菌棒和平菇菌渣作为基质栽培大球盖菇的蛋白质营养价值较高。基质中富含纤维素、半纤维素、蛋白质、无机盐等,可为大球盖菇菌丝体生长和出菇提供充足碳源、氮源及其他营养成分。富硒栽培能否提高其蛋白质营养价值还与基质配方密切相关。
利用花生杆、竹叶及平菇、香菇菌渣和黑木耳废菌棒等农林废弃物替代部分传统栽培料栽培大球盖菇,所有配方均能出菇。除竹叶配方外,富硒栽培能显著提高大球盖菇产量及转化率,其中香菇菌渣玉米芯熟料富硒栽培亩产可达2371.62 kg。不同的培养基料栽培的大球盖菇营养成分有所不同,以玉米杆为基料富硒栽培的大球盖菇蛋白质含量高达41.25%。富硒栽培使大球盖菇的硒含量显著增加(P<0.05),但不同基质富硒效果有所不同,其中玉米芯生料富硒栽培出的大球盖菇富硒效果最好,其硒含量最高,可达154.41 mg/kg。对大球盖菇蛋白质营养价值评价,其氨基酸种类齐全,第一限制氨基酸是色氨酸。平菇菌渣富硒栽培的大球盖菇必需氨基酸含量最接近WHO/FAO模式,同时该配方的SRCAA最高;黑木耳废菌棒富硒栽培的大球盖菇AAS最高,说明和人体蛋白质的氨基酸模式最接近;综合评价大球盖菇蛋白质营养价值,以黑木耳废菌棒富硒栽培的大球盖菇蛋白质的营养价值最高。大球盖菇可以农林废弃物为基质进行栽培,成本低,又使废料加以利用,减少环境污染。同时大球盖菇具有较强的富硒能力和较高的蛋白质含量,未来可作为富硒食品营养强化剂和新蛋白质资源加以利用。

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2026年第47卷第11期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040226
  • 接收时间:2025-04-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-06-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-18
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    1大连民族大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连 116600
    2生物技术与资源利用教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连 116600
    3贵州省生物技术研究所,贵州贵阳 550009
    4铜仁市农业科学院,贵州铜仁 554300

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冮洁(1965−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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