Article(id=1320883923727536818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040101, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852868252, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852868252, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852868252, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852868252, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=337, endPage=344, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883925405258420, articleId=1320883923727536818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Integrated Elemental Profiling and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fingerprinting for Geographical Origin Discrimination of Larimichthys crocea with Chemometrics, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study established an integrated analytical strategy combining elemental profiling via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spectral fingerprinting via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to discriminate geographical origins of Larimichthys crocea (L. crocea) from five coastal Chinese cities: Zhoushan, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Ningde, and Zhanjiang. Significant inter-origin variations (P<0.05) were observed in the mass fractions of 13 key elements: aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and tin (Sn). Region-specific elemental signatures were identified: Taizhou samples demonstrated maximal Al, Se, and Hg content with minimal As levels; Zhoushan samples contained peak Ni concentrations; Wenzhou samples exhibited significantly elevated Ti, Cr, Mn, and Sr alongside minimal Se; whereas Zhanjiang samples showed maximal As levels with suppressed Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Ba, and Pb. Multivariate chemometric analysis of the integrated ICP-MS/FTIR dataset, incorporating principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), achieved precise discrimination among the five geographical origins. PCA revealed five distinct, non-overlapping clusters in the score plot (PC1/PC2 cumulative variance=74.7%). CA further confirmed independent clustering by origin. The LDA model achieved 100% accuracy in re-substitution validation and 97.3% in cross-validation. This work demonstrates that ICP-MS/FTIR integration augmented by chemometrics establishes a rapid, highly accurate platform for authenticating L. crocea geographical origin, providing a robust framework for safeguarding aquatic geographical indications.

, authors=Jishan QIU, Ting LU, Jun ZHOU, Gangjian LIN, Huili XIA*, authorsList=Jishan QIU, Ting LU, Jun ZHOU, Gangjian LIN, Huili XIA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huili XIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883926575469247, articleId=1320883923727536818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于元素和FTIR融合指纹图谱技术的大黄鱼产地溯源研究, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采集舟山、台州、温州、宁德和湛江五个中国沿海地市的大黄鱼样本,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,分析不同产区大黄鱼的元素组成及光谱特征差异。分析显示,不同产区大黄鱼中元素(Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn)质量分数存在显著差异(P<0.05)。具体表现为:台州养殖大黄鱼中Al、Se和Hg质量分数最高,As质量分数最低;舟山养殖大黄鱼Ni质量分数最高;温州养殖大黄鱼Ti、Cr、Mn、Sr质量分数显著高于其他产地,Se质量分数最低;湛江养殖大黄鱼As质量分数最高,而Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Ba和Pb质量分数相对较低。基于元素质量分数与FTIR融合数据,应用主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)和线性判别分析(LDA)可实现对五个产区大黄鱼的精准分类。PCA结果显示,前2个主成分(累计方差贡献率为74.7%)得分图中样本点呈现五个相对集中的分布区域,不同产地彼此无重叠,可有效区分。CA结果表明,各产地的样本均独立聚为一类。判别模型回代检验整体判别准确率为100%,交叉检验整体判别准确率达97.3%。本研究证实,基于元素与FTIR测定并结合化学计量学分析的方法,可较准确地对大黄鱼产地进行快速鉴别,为水产品地理标志保护提供了一种高效的多技术联用策略。

, authors=邱继善, 卢亭, 周俊, 林刚健, 夏慧丽*, authorsList=邱继善, 卢亭, 周俊, 林刚健, 夏慧丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=夏慧丽, authorNote=

邱继善(1990−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全检测和分析,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
夏慧丽(1978−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全检测和分析,E-mail:。
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注:a:浙江温州大黄鱼;b:浙江舟山大黄鱼;c:福建宁德大黄鱼;d:广东湛江大黄鱼;e:浙江台州大黄鱼。

, figureFileSmall=glsH9JVySH5nywdQzSoU9w==, figureFileBig=OpODoSkCPwWjnTa4x1lq0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883932556546802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cluster analysis results of Larimichthys crocea in different breeding areas, figureFileSmall=aHzZ+4BGs7PClHCZFUux9Q==, figureFileBig=4VKSY+tGIw9gck8paUnSCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883934213296883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同产地大黄鱼聚类分析

注:1~10福建宁德养殖,11~20浙江台州养殖,21~30浙江温州养殖,31~40广东湛江养殖;41~50浙江舟山养殖。

, figureFileSmall=aHzZ+4BGs7PClHCZFUux9Q==, figureFileBig=4VKSY+tGIw9gck8paUnSCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883934272017140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mass fractions of 19th mineral elements in Larimichthys crocea from different breeding areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素质量分数(μg·kg−1)
浙江台州浙江舟山浙江温州福建宁德广东湛江
Al1059.16±170.57d980.91±116.47cd898.26±75.33c737.39±126.71b67.96±51.72a
Ti323.85±200.96a596.33±591.73a2213.83±305.62b295.92±51.34a190.32±46.18a
Cr31.16±16.09ab62.46±20.89b140.41±118.26c25.1±16.02ab1.89±1.03a
Mn111.16±39.31a130.79±42.5a403.31±87.25b102.5±15.94a84.45±11.88a
Fe2803.45±881.55b2883.74±753.65b2990.18±774.69b2055.96±468.74b988.05±233.34a
Co2.14±0.5b3.44±0.98d3.21±0.74cd2.57±0.52bc1.37±0.35a
Ni30.74±10.85bc41.33±21.16c38.82±11.06c19.04±8.02b0.98±0.68a
Cu176.66±63.76a218.01±112a205.92±71.18a163.69±36.96a123.02±39.53a
Zn4449.45±213.62a4793.51±474.67a4501.25±266.06a4765.6±421.81a4733.01±547.34a
Ga0.38±0.06c0.39±0.09c0.40±0.10c0.24±0.06b0.03±0.03a
As315.37±120.94a830.67±407.91b318.43±121.86a884.03±157.35b1073.11±266.24b
Se287.66±27.38d256.85±21.53b217.49±11.02a263.84±9.74bc280.18±15.5cd
Sr546.22±521.42a825.84±719.45a5900.07±1270.16b577.88±212.2a258.11±114.55a
Cd0.69±0.28ab1.13±0.86b0.85±0.31ab0.80±0.50ab0.22±0.11a
Sn37.62±3.52c38.64±3.28c30.51±4.5b21.8±4.75a19.26±1.49a
Sb1.37±0.6ab1.4±0.19ab1.5±0.38ab2.89±2.63b0.08±0.06a
Ba40.94±16.97b61.21±20.35c108.55±25.92d25.26±9.38b6.02±2.64a
Hg49.84±6.08c30.72±7.9b32.05±4.3b22.24±1.16a32.4±4.97b
Pb16.15±4.02b20.39±13.29b17.24±9.58b13.89±6.24b1.12±0.39a
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不同养殖地区大黄鱼中19种矿物质元素质量分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素质量分数(μg·kg−1)
浙江台州浙江舟山浙江温州福建宁德广东湛江
Al1059.16±170.57d980.91±116.47cd898.26±75.33c737.39±126.71b67.96±51.72a
Ti323.85±200.96a596.33±591.73a2213.83±305.62b295.92±51.34a190.32±46.18a
Cr31.16±16.09ab62.46±20.89b140.41±118.26c25.1±16.02ab1.89±1.03a
Mn111.16±39.31a130.79±42.5a403.31±87.25b102.5±15.94a84.45±11.88a
Fe2803.45±881.55b2883.74±753.65b2990.18±774.69b2055.96±468.74b988.05±233.34a
Co2.14±0.5b3.44±0.98d3.21±0.74cd2.57±0.52bc1.37±0.35a
Ni30.74±10.85bc41.33±21.16c38.82±11.06c19.04±8.02b0.98±0.68a
Cu176.66±63.76a218.01±112a205.92±71.18a163.69±36.96a123.02±39.53a
Zn4449.45±213.62a4793.51±474.67a4501.25±266.06a4765.6±421.81a4733.01±547.34a
Ga0.38±0.06c0.39±0.09c0.40±0.10c0.24±0.06b0.03±0.03a
As315.37±120.94a830.67±407.91b318.43±121.86a884.03±157.35b1073.11±266.24b
Se287.66±27.38d256.85±21.53b217.49±11.02a263.84±9.74bc280.18±15.5cd
Sr546.22±521.42a825.84±719.45a5900.07±1270.16b577.88±212.2a258.11±114.55a
Cd0.69±0.28ab1.13±0.86b0.85±0.31ab0.80±0.50ab0.22±0.11a
Sn37.62±3.52c38.64±3.28c30.51±4.5b21.8±4.75a19.26±1.49a
Sb1.37±0.6ab1.4±0.19ab1.5±0.38ab2.89±2.63b0.08±0.06a
Ba40.94±16.97b61.21±20.35c108.55±25.92d25.26±9.38b6.02±2.64a
Hg49.84±6.08c30.72±7.9b32.05±4.3b22.24±1.16a32.4±4.97b
Pb16.15±4.02b20.39±13.29b17.24±9.58b13.89±6.24b1.12±0.39a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883934423012086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Infrared spectrum similarity of Larimichthys crocea in Taizhou

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号相似度样品编号相似度样品编号相似度
10.995760.9912110.9976
20.996270.9618120.9662
30.998480.9775130.9937
40.991190.9939140.9954
50.9899100.9907150.9853
共有模式1.0000
), ArticleFig(id=1320883934506898167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

台州大黄鱼样本的红外图谱相似度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号相似度样品编号相似度样品编号相似度
10.995760.9912110.9976
20.996270.9618120.9662
30.998480.9775130.9937
40.991190.9939140.9954
50.9899100.9907150.9853
共有模式1.0000
), ArticleFig(id=1320883934569812728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Infrared absorption common peaks and relative peak heights of Larimichthys crocea in 5 kinds of habitats

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
共有峰
编号
波数
(cm−1)
相对峰高
福建宁德广东湛江浙江舟山浙江温州浙江台州
129263.43134.02413.21472.17813.2117
228552.27422.31071.84861.53842.2970
317453.57123.04972.52122.11013.0516
416565.09486.78857.77534.76694.2075
515453.38564.30185.28633.21232.8159
614531.00001.00001.00001.00001.0000
713900.96201.64241.86681.00321.0990
813040.44530.54910.44170.42380.4313
912380.70830.73850.82090.61460.6800
1011650.75320.66420.54330.50240.7548
1110940.87230.85411.02170.78080.7524
), ArticleFig(id=1320883934636921593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883923727536818, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

5种产地大黄鱼的红外吸收共有峰及其相对峰高

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
共有峰
编号
波数
(cm−1)
相对峰高
福建宁德广东湛江浙江舟山浙江温州浙江台州
129263.43134.02413.21472.17813.2117
228552.27422.31071.84861.53842.2970
317453.57123.04972.52122.11013.0516
416565.09486.78857.77534.76694.2075
515453.38564.30185.28633.21232.8159
614531.00001.00001.00001.00001.0000
713900.96201.64241.86681.00321.0990
813040.44530.54910.44170.42380.4313
912380.70830.73850.82090.61460.6800
1011650.75320.66420.54330.50240.7548
1110940.87230.85411.02170.78080.7524
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基于元素和FTIR融合指纹图谱技术的大黄鱼产地溯源研究
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邱继善 , 卢亭 , 周俊 , 林刚健 , 夏慧丽 *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(7): 337-344
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (7) : 337 -344
基于元素和FTIR融合指纹图谱技术的大黄鱼产地溯源研究
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邱继善(1990−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全检测和分析,E-mail:

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邱继善 , 卢亭, 周俊, 林刚健, 夏慧丽*
作者信息
  • 台州市食品药品检验研究院,台州市特色农产品质量安全与品质提升重点实验室,浙江台州 318000
通讯作者:
夏慧丽(1978−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全检测和分析,E-mail:。
作者简介:

邱继善(1990−),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全检测和分析,E-mail:

Integrated Elemental Profiling and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fingerprinting for Geographical Origin Discrimination of Larimichthys crocea with Chemometrics
Jishan QIU , Ting LU, Jun ZHOU, Gangjian LIN, Huili XIA*
Affiliations
  • Taizhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taizhou Key Laboratory for Safety and Quality Enhancement of Characteristic Agricultural Products, Taizhou 318000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040101
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本研究采集舟山、台州、温州、宁德和湛江五个中国沿海地市的大黄鱼样本,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,分析不同产区大黄鱼的元素组成及光谱特征差异。分析显示,不同产区大黄鱼中元素(Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn)质量分数存在显著差异(P<0.05)。具体表现为:台州养殖大黄鱼中Al、Se和Hg质量分数最高,As质量分数最低;舟山养殖大黄鱼Ni质量分数最高;温州养殖大黄鱼Ti、Cr、Mn、Sr质量分数显著高于其他产地,Se质量分数最低;湛江养殖大黄鱼As质量分数最高,而Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Ba和Pb质量分数相对较低。基于元素质量分数与FTIR融合数据,应用主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)和线性判别分析(LDA)可实现对五个产区大黄鱼的精准分类。PCA结果显示,前2个主成分(累计方差贡献率为74.7%)得分图中样本点呈现五个相对集中的分布区域,不同产地彼此无重叠,可有效区分。CA结果表明,各产地的样本均独立聚为一类。判别模型回代检验整体判别准确率为100%,交叉检验整体判别准确率达97.3%。本研究证实,基于元素与FTIR测定并结合化学计量学分析的方法,可较准确地对大黄鱼产地进行快速鉴别,为水产品地理标志保护提供了一种高效的多技术联用策略。

大黄鱼  /  产地溯源  /  元素  /  红外光谱  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析  /  线性判别分析

This study established an integrated analytical strategy combining elemental profiling via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and spectral fingerprinting via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to discriminate geographical origins of Larimichthys crocea (L. crocea) from five coastal Chinese cities: Zhoushan, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Ningde, and Zhanjiang. Significant inter-origin variations (P<0.05) were observed in the mass fractions of 13 key elements: aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and tin (Sn). Region-specific elemental signatures were identified: Taizhou samples demonstrated maximal Al, Se, and Hg content with minimal As levels; Zhoushan samples contained peak Ni concentrations; Wenzhou samples exhibited significantly elevated Ti, Cr, Mn, and Sr alongside minimal Se; whereas Zhanjiang samples showed maximal As levels with suppressed Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Ba, and Pb. Multivariate chemometric analysis of the integrated ICP-MS/FTIR dataset, incorporating principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis (CA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), achieved precise discrimination among the five geographical origins. PCA revealed five distinct, non-overlapping clusters in the score plot (PC1/PC2 cumulative variance=74.7%). CA further confirmed independent clustering by origin. The LDA model achieved 100% accuracy in re-substitution validation and 97.3% in cross-validation. This work demonstrates that ICP-MS/FTIR integration augmented by chemometrics establishes a rapid, highly accurate platform for authenticating L. crocea geographical origin, providing a robust framework for safeguarding aquatic geographical indications.

Larimichthys crocea  /  geographical origin discrimination  /  elements  /  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)  /  principal component analysis (PCA)  /  cluster analysis (CA)  /  linear discriminant analysis (LDA)
邱继善, 卢亭, 周俊, 林刚健, 夏慧丽. 基于元素和FTIR融合指纹图谱技术的大黄鱼产地溯源研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 337 -344 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040101
Jishan QIU, Ting LU, Jun ZHOU, Gangjian LIN, Huili XIA. Integrated Elemental Profiling and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fingerprinting for Geographical Origin Discrimination of Larimichthys crocea with Chemometrics[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 337 -344 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040101
大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)隶属石首鱼科,其体型呈流线型,体表呈金黄色,肉质鲜美且富含优质蛋白和微量元素,是我国重要的海水养殖鱼类,具有极高的经济价值。近年来,随着大黄鱼人工育苗技术及网箱养殖技术的突破,大黄鱼养殖得到了快速发展,浙江、福建、广东等地沿海养殖规模逐年增大。研究人员发现不同产地的生长环境导致大黄鱼在形态、营养及口感等方面存在差异。陈金玉等[1]通过分析不同产地大黄鱼(福建宁德、浙江温州、浙江舟山)矿物元素、脂肪酸、氨基酸等含量,发现不同产地大黄鱼营养组成上存在差异。Zheng等[2]通过将宁德的大黄鱼转移至洞头、南麂、东极和大陈的网箱中继续养殖,发现转移养殖地域的大黄鱼在形态特征、营养品质和滋味等方面较宁德大黄鱼有提升。由于不同产地大黄鱼的品质不同,价格也从三十几元至几百元每千克不等,这种现象催生了以次充好的市场乱象。然而,当前主要依靠经验性感官手段进行产地判别,缺乏客观、高效的定量分析技术,制约了水产品地理标志保护的实施。因此,开发精准的产地溯源技术对保障产业健康发展和强化地理标志保护至关重要。
化学指纹图谱技术,特别是基于光谱、色谱等方法构建的图谱,已成为食品产地溯源的研究热点。由于环境元素地域特异性会引起鱼类生物体内积累的元素有指纹特性,通过检测生物体内元素的富集特征,可有效关联生物体与生长地域[3]。稳定同位素溯源技术已在水果[4]、茶叶[5]、植物油[6]、水产品[7]和畜禽肉[8]等产地溯源中广泛应用。矿物元素溯源技术因其良好的溯源属性,在农产品产地溯源和判别中应用较多,如稻米[9]、水果[10]、水产[11]、畜禽肉[12]、酒类[13]等。红外光谱技术是一种快速绿色环保的检测技术,其依据红外光谱特征吸收来综合反馈样本间的组成差异。红外光谱技术在茶叶[14−15]、稻米[16−17]、果蔬[18−19]、畜禽肉[20−21]和水产品[22−23]等产品的产地溯源方面得到了应用。然而,单一溯源技术(如红外光谱、HPLC或矿物元素分析)往往难以全面表征复杂食品基质信息,易受个体差异或环境干扰,判别准确率存在瓶颈。杨梦琼等[24]基于红外指纹图谱结合多元统计分析,未能实现4种产地大黄鱼的90%以上准确区分。顾得月等[25]基于HPLC指纹图谱可区分石首鱼科不同鱼类,但未能区分不同产地大黄鱼。陈胜军等[26]的元素分析也表明不同产地鲍鱼存在差异,但无法有效溯源。
近年来,产地溯源研究趋势逐渐向数据融合的方向发展。数据融合策略通过整合多源信息,挖掘互补协同效应,显著提升了产地判别准确率,成为突破单一技术局限的有效途径。依据稳定同位素和元素技术融合对牛奶[27]、水果[28]、酒类[29]、茶叶[30]和牡蛎[31]等各类农产品的产地溯源,产地判别准确率明显高于单一技术的产地判别。梅光明等[32]利用元素及稳定同位素比值差异,实现浙江和福建产地大黄鱼的区分。吴清松[33]应用基于光谱-纹理融合策略对三文鱼进行产地鉴别研究,单一的光谱和单一的纹理模型的产地溯源效果不及融合模型,融合模型准确率达到96.3%。张政权等[34]分别测定3个地区中华绒螯蟹肌肉组织中的8种矿物元素的含量和C、N稳定同位素丰度,结合多元统计分析方法建立的产地判别模型判别准确率不低于95%。以上研究结果显示数据融合判别结果优于单一信息,丰富的化学信息有利于准确的样品表征。
不同产地大黄鱼中矿质元素与有机物含量存在差异,为多维数据融合产地判别分析提供了可行性。目前还未见将元素和红外光谱融合指纹图谱技术应用在大黄鱼产地溯源上的文献报道。本研究将矿质元素与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术相结合,旨在构建一种多维数据融合的大黄鱼产地判别模型。通过系统分析我国五大主产区(舟山、台州、温州、宁德和湛江)大黄鱼的微量元素分布规律与有机物光谱特征,筛选具有地理标识作用的关键变量,并利用主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)和线性判别分析(LDA)优化分类算法来辨别大黄鱼产区,旨在为水产品地理溯源提供新的技术框架,为大黄鱼产业健康发展和地理标志保护提供技术支撑。
共收集我国5大主产区75份网箱养殖的大黄鱼样品 产地分别为浙江(台州、舟山、温州)、福建和广东,15批次浙江台州大黄鱼(产地为浙江省台州市大陈岛)、15批次浙江温州大黄鱼(产地为浙江省温州市平阳县南麂岛)、15批次浙江舟山大黄鱼(产地为浙江省舟山市岱山县)、15批次福建宁德大黄鱼(产地为福建省宁德市三都澳)、15批次广东湛江大黄鱼(产地为广东省湛江市硇洲岛),大黄鱼单条重450~600 g,体长25~35 cm;24种元素混合标准溶液(GSB 04-1767-2004)、Hg(GSB 04-1729-2004)、Se(GSB 04-1751-2004)、In(GSBG 62041-90)、Sc(GSBG 62013-90)、Rh(060075-02-01) 标准品浓度均为1000 µg/mL,国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心;硝酸 优级纯,德国默克。
ICAP RQ电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 配有Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution (ISDS)软件,美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;UltraCLAVE超级微波消解仪 意大利Milestone公司;Spectrum Two红外光谱仪 美国PerkinElmer公司;Alpha 1-4 LSC basic真空冷冻干燥机 德国Christ公司;Milli - Q Advantage A10超纯水机 美国Millipore公司;FW-4A型粉末压片机 天津市拓普仪器有限公司。
采集的冰鲜大黄鱼样品清洗刮鳞,取背部肌肉组织,匀浆备用。
参照GB 5009.268-2016中电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)[35],测定大黄鱼中矿物元素质量分数。准确称取匀浆后的大黄鱼样品0.2 g(精确到0.0001 g),放入聚四氟乙烯消解罐,加入1.7 mL硝酸和1.3 mL一级水,使用超级微波消解。消解程序:a.爬坡温度80 oC,压力100 bar,爬坡时间5 min;b.爬坡温度130 oC,压力100 bar,爬坡时间8 min;c.爬坡温度180 oC,压力160 bar,爬坡时间5 min;d.爬坡温度220 oC,压力160 bar,爬坡时间7 min;e.温度220 oC,压力160 bar,保持时间15 min;f. 20 min内由220 oC降至室温。冷却后的消解液用一级水定容到25 mL,供ICP-MS检测。
把匀浆后的大黄鱼样品置于−30 ℃冷冻,冷冻好的样品放入真空冷冻干燥机,干燥48 h。干燥后的样品在玛瑙研钵内充分碾碎后过16目筛,装入密封袋保存,供FTIR检测。
ICP-MS元素分析过程中,在线加入1 µg/mL的Sc、Ge、Rh和In混合内标溶液。射频功率1500 W,载气流量0.80 L/min,样品提升速率0.3 r/s,驻留时间0.02 s,扫描次数50次,测定次数3次。
称取样品(1.5±0.2)mg,溴化钾(100±2)mg,置于玛瑙研钵中混合研磨成粉末,倒入模具中压成薄片。将仪器分辨率设置为4 cm −1,扫描范围4000~400 cm−1,预热后测定光谱,扫描前使用空白片去除背景中二氧化碳和水的干扰,样品重复测定3次,取平均光谱作为样品测定光谱。
针对矿物质元素含量数据,基于Microsoft Excel 2010软件平台执行统计学描述分析,以3次重复测定的平均值±标准差(mean±SD)表征元素分布特征。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)原始数据通过Omnic 9.2光谱分析系统(Thermo Fisher Scientific)进行标准化处理:首先执行基线校正以消除仪器背景干扰,随后完成透射率-吸光度转换。为进一步消除光谱散射效应,采用标准正态变量变换(Standard Normal Variate,SNV)对矿质元素数据集及红外光谱纵坐标实施标准化预处理。采用Spectrum 10软件对每个产地大黄鱼的红外光谱做平均谱图。
在化学计量学建模阶段,通过SIMCA 14.1软件(Umetrics AB)构建光谱预处理流程:依次执行Savitzky-Golay(SG)卷积平滑(窗口点数5)、一阶导数(1D)及二阶导数(2D)处理,其中导数计算窗口参数与平滑处理保持一致。该联用算法可有效消除基线漂移并增强光谱特征峰分辨率。采用IBM SPPS22进行数据统计,单因素方差分析(One Way ANOVA),Fisher判别分析,主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和聚类分析(Cluster Analysis,CA),最终通过Origin 2021完成实验数据的可视化呈现,确保光谱特征与统计结果的科学表达。
大黄鱼样品中矿物质元素质量分数见表1。对5个产地大黄鱼样本间的矿物质元素质量分数进行单因素方差分析,如表1所示,其中有显著性差异(P<0.05)的矿物质元素有Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Sn、Sb、Ba、Hg和Pb。无显著性差异(P>0.05)的矿物质元素有Cu和Zn。对有显著差异性的矿物质元素分析发现,浙江台州养殖大黄鱼中的Al、Se和Hg质量分数最高,分别为1059.16±170.57、287.66±27.38和49.84±6.08 μg·kg−1,As元素质量分数最低为315.37±120.94 μg·kg−1;浙江舟山养殖的大黄鱼Ni质量分数最高,为41.33±21.16 μg·kg−1;浙江温州养殖的大黄鱼Ti、Cr、Mn、Sr质量分数最高,分别为2213.83±305.62、140.41±118.26、403.31±87.25和5900.07±1270.16 μg·kg−1,Se元素质量分数最低为217.49±11.02 μg·kg−1。广东湛江养殖的大黄鱼中As质量分数最高,为1073.11±266.24 μg·kg−1,且广东湛江养殖的大黄鱼Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Ba和Pb元素的质量分数相对较低,辨识度很高。
PCA是数据处理中一种常用的线性降维方法,简化分析复杂度,同时最大化保留原始变量的信息量,通过正交变换将原始变量转换为互不相关的主成分,其中第一主成分解释最大信息量,后续成分依次递减[36]。对5个产地大黄鱼样品中矿物元素质量分数进行Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)检验,检验值0.687(KMO>0.500),说明各元素间的相关性显著,PCA有意义。选取矿物元素中质量分数差异显著的Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn作为变量进行主成分分析(见图1)。主成分PC1占46.81%,主成分PC2占19.41%。由图1知,广东湛江、浙江温州、福建宁德这3个产地大黄鱼的散点图彼此无重叠,通过PCA可区分广东湛江、福建宁德和浙江温州产地的大黄鱼。舟山和台州产地的大黄鱼不能完全区分,调研发现两地黄鱼养殖方式大都采用深水网箱,养殖周期、水域温度也较为接近。
5个产地75份大黄鱼样本在4000~400 cm−1下采集的红外吸收原始光谱。采用Spectrum 10软件对每个产地大黄鱼的红外光谱做平均谱图,如图2。将各地养殖大黄鱼红外光谱数据用Excel 2020中“correl”函数功能进行各样品与共有模式的相似度分析,以台州养殖大黄鱼为例,15批次台州养殖大黄鱼与共有模式相似度均在0.95以上,如表2所示。其他4个产地大黄鱼指纹图谱与各自共有模式间的相似度也均在0.95以上,这表明建立的平均谱图能够代表该产地样品信息。
大黄鱼富含蛋白质、脂质类物质和维生素等,还含有一定的牛磺酸、姜黄素,这些物质提供了大黄鱼的共有特征峰。由图2可知,5种产地大黄鱼由于都是同类水产,图谱中没有特有峰。图2中标注的11个共有峰,其化学键归属情况为:1094 cm−1为脂肪族CF伸缩;1165 cm−1为蛋白质的酰胺Ⅲ带C-N伸缩和N-H弯曲振动;1238 cm−1为脂肪酸酯和内酯C-O-C反对称伸缩;1304 cm−1为烷烃CH2扭曲振动;1390 cm−1为硫酸酯R'O-SO-OR2的SO2反对称伸缩;1453 cm−1为CH3不对称变角振动产生;1545 cm−1为蛋白质酰胺Ⅱ带C-N 伸缩和N-H弯曲振动;1656 cm−1为蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ带C=O伸缩振动;1745 cm−1为饱和脂肪酸酯(C=O)伸缩;2855 cm−1为烷烃CH2对称伸缩振动;2926 cm−1为饱和烷烃(CH2)反对称伸缩振动[24]。这表明大黄鱼的 FTIR图谱可以提供丰富的化学组成信息。以图2中标识的6号峰作为参考峰[24],计算其他共有峰的相对峰高情况如表3所示,结果表明5种产地大黄鱼的光谱吸收峰相对强度存在差异,说明不同产地的大黄鱼体内含有的特征物质含量不同。由于二阶导数能够减少光谱重叠和基线漂移的影响,因此在一些复杂体系的分析中,基于二阶导数光谱的方法可能会比基于原始光谱的方法具有更高的准确性和可靠性。大黄鱼红外波段(3250~2700 cm−1和1800~1000 cm−1)峰强度差异较为明显,具有一定的指纹性和特征性。由图2明显可得大黄鱼在波段2700~1800 cm−1处没有吸收峰。故选取大黄鱼红外波段(3250~2700 cm−1和1800~1000 cm−1)进行二阶导数预处理,其中5个产地大黄鱼的红外平均谱图进行二阶导数预处理后的数据如图3所示。二阶导数光谱分析结果显示,不同产地大黄鱼样品在3250~2700 cm−1和1800~1000 cm−1范围内存在显著的光谱特征差异。
为减少无用光谱信息干扰和降低数据处理量,只选取特征波段(3250~2700 cm−1和1800~1000 cm−1)下的光谱采集信息进行预处理。对大黄鱼红外数据用SG平滑、标准正态变换(SNV)、二阶导数(2D)等算法对原始光谱进行预处理。选取35批次大黄鱼的矿物元素中质量分数差异显著的Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn与预处理的FTIR光谱数据串联,归一化处理后,数据融合得到一个新的数据矩阵,并对矿物元素与FTIR结合的新数据矩阵分别进行主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析(CA)和线性判别分析(LDA)。
为探究Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn与预处理的FTIR光谱数据串联融合,得到一个新的数据矩阵对大黄鱼产地判别的效果,选取矿物元素与FTIR结合的新数据矩阵作为变量进行PCA分析。在PCA之前对新的数据矩阵进行KMO检验,检验值0.714(KMO>0.500),说明数据间的相关性显著,PCA有意义。PCA结果如图4显示,主成分PC1占59.59%,主成分PC2占15.11%,前两个主成分累计贡献率占74.7%,说明所提取的前两个主成分因子能够很好地代表元素-FTIR联合数据模型的综合信息。5种产地大黄鱼样品彼此在PC1和PC2方向上没有区间重叠,不同产地大黄鱼区分较为明显,说明基于元素-FTIR联合数据模型的大黄鱼产地溯源有较高的可行性。
聚类分析是一种无监督模式识别方法,其核心目标是将数据集中的对象划分为若干组,组内对象高度相似,而组间对象差异明显。为更加直观地了解大黄鱼产地的分布情况,对元素Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn与预处理的FTIR光谱数据串联融合得到一个新的数据矩阵作为变量进行聚类分析,聚类分析选用Ward´s法和欧氏距离(Euclidean Distance)方法。从聚类距离处将树状图切割,可将大黄鱼样品分为5类(图5所示,一种颜色区域对应一个大黄鱼产地):第1类全部为福建宁德养殖大黄鱼(1~10,n=10),第2类全部为浙江台州养殖大黄鱼(11~20,n=10),第3类为浙江温州养殖大黄鱼(21~30,n=10),第4类为广东湛江养殖大黄鱼(31~40,n=10),第5类为浙江舟山养殖大黄鱼(41~50,n=10)。结果表明,聚类分析可用于5种不同产地大黄鱼的判别分析。
Fisher判别分析与主成分分析(PCA)是两种基于不同原理的数据降维方法。PCA通过提取数据方差最大的方向实现降维,而Fisher判别分析则旨在最大化类间离散度同时最小化类内离散度,通过已知类别样本构建判别模型,进而对未知样本进行分类。目前,该方法已成功应用于乳制品、大米、梭子蟹等的产地溯源研究,展现出良好的判别性能。为深入探讨Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn元素含量与经PCA降维提取出的傅里叶变换红外光谱预处理数据的融合矩阵在大黄鱼产地鉴别中的准确率,本研究选取5个不同产地的大黄鱼进行Fisher判别分析。实验设计中,从每个产地15批大黄鱼中随机选取10个样本构成训练集用于构建判别模型,其余5个样本作为独立测试集,仅用于验证所构建判别模型的预测性能。针对5个不同产地的大黄鱼样本的判别函数分别为:
Y福建宁德养殖=236.242Al−189.327Ti−62.929Cr−32.959Mn+35.836As+127.673Se+377.04Sr−190.685Ba−13.675Hg+71.956Pb+29.116Fe−178.578Ni−63.127Sn−54.957X(2864)+1635.844X(2865)−1239.438X(2853)+2468.012X(2854)−205.283 X(1475)−729.621
Y浙江台州养殖=265.27Al−166.534Ti−152.647Cr−22.199Mn+60.661As+158.259Se+282.969Sr−223.223Ba+51.921Hg+125.728Pb+101.724Fe−129.462Ni−42.853Sn−299.351X(2864)+1939.457X(2865)−1310.697X(2853)+2581.811X(2854)−199.682X(1475)−899.845
Y浙江温州养殖=288.635Al−57.72Ti+101.839Cr+651.87Mn+63.792As−57.681Se+1289.517Sr−409.231Ba−13.89Hg+142.605Pb−33.338Fe−250.593Ni−24.622Sn−66.15X(2864)+1712.708X(2865)−1545.933X(2853)+2559.963X(2854)−589.274X(1475)−1059.949
Y广东湛江养殖=144.698Al−160.787Ti−89.23Cr−93.921Mn+74.2As+163.716Se+245.351Sr−166.431Ba+42.9Hg+88.686Pb+69.339Fe−148.619Ni−83.779Sn−19.187X(2864)+1587.892X(2865)−1011.486X(2853)+2262.723X(2854)−162.38X(1475)−766.819
Y浙江舟山养殖=196.407Al+53.639Ti−191.998Cr−85.964Mn+133.349As+131.931Se−132.099Sr−89.149Ba−2.559Hg+108.704Pb+115.951Fe+32.926Ni+55.818Sn−439.308X(2864)+1800.425X(2865)−1145.663X(2853)+2334.98X(2854)−33X(1475)−917.615
式中:元素符号(Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn)表示大黄鱼样品中对应元素的质量分数,X(i)为大黄鱼FTIR对应波数的二阶导数值。
利用上述判别式预判测试集样本,将所测得的大黄鱼对应元素质量分数和FTIR对应二阶导数值带入上述5个判别函数,比较判别函数值。Y值最大的函数对应的产地即为该样品的预测产地。
各产地大黄鱼预判准确率为100%。为检验判别式的可靠性,采用“留一法”交叉验证进行检验,5种产地(浙江舟山、浙江台州、浙江温州、福建宁德、广东湛江)大黄鱼样本整体准确判别率为97.3%,表明所建立的判别式可对不同产地的大黄鱼进行较好的产地鉴别。现有大黄鱼产地鉴别研究多聚焦于宁德、温州、舟山的养殖群体及舟山野生种群,主要采用傅里叶变换红外光谱[24]或元素与稳定同位素分析[32]等技术。相较而言,本研究覆盖产区更广(新增华南湛江等地),可有效区分地理位置邻近的舟山、台州、温州等产区,准确率更高,同时兼具检测快速的优势。
本研究通过整合矿物元素分析与傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,首次构建了多维数据融合的养殖大黄鱼产地判别模型,成功实现了对浙江舟山、台州、温州、福建宁德及广东湛江五大主产区的精准溯源。大黄鱼肌肉中Al、Ti、Cr、Mn、As、Se、Sr、Ba、Hg、Pb、Fe、Ni、Sn等矿物质元素呈现显著地域差异(P<0.05)。FTIR光谱经二阶导数处理后在特征波段(3250~2700 cm−1和1800~1000 cm−1)揭示了蛋白质酰胺带(1545、1656 cm−1)、脂质酯基(1745 cm−1)的相对强度差异,有效补充了有机组分维度的溯源信息。融合上述13种矿物元素含量与光谱数据构建的联合模型,PCA前两主成分累计方差贡献率达74.7%,实现五大产区样本在降维空间的清晰分离;CA依据产地实现了样本的100%准确归类;Fisher判别分析交叉验证准确率高达97.3%。判别性能显著优于单一溯源技术,并有效突破了对地理邻近产区(如舟山与台州)的判别瓶颈。矿物元素组成主要受养殖海域地质背景及水文环境等因素影响,而红外光谱则灵敏反映了样品中有机组分的综合特征信息,二者融合策略协同互补,显著提升了大黄鱼产地溯源的准确性与可靠性。本研究所建立的方法体系,可为大黄鱼地理标志产品认证及市场监管提供有效的技术支撑,对遏制“产地冒充”市场乱象、保障消费者权益及产业健康发展具有重要实践意义。

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2026年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040101
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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    台州市食品药品检验研究院,台州市特色农产品质量安全与品质提升重点实验室,浙江台州 318000

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夏慧丽(1978−),女,博士,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品质量安全检测和分析,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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