Article(id=1320883989620044069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883923090002610, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040093, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744128000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852883962, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1774972800000, pubDateStr=2026-04-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852883962, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852883962, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852883962, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883923090002610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='510', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774972800000', pubDateStr='2026-04-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852868101, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852868101, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=262, endPage=271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883989808787750, articleId=1320883989620044069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Formulation Optimization and Quality Characteristics Analysis of Low-GI Large-leaf Yellow Tea Rice Cake, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the high glycemic index (GI) and monotonous flavor of traditional rice cakes, in this study, a low-GI large-leaf yellow tea rice cake was developed using indica rice flour, glutinous rice flour, and large-leaf yellow tea powder, substituting traditional white sugar with erythritol. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal testing optimization identified an optimal formula consisting of an indica rice flour to glutinous rice flour ratio of 5:2, with the addition of 3% large-leaf yellow tea powder, and 3% erythritol content. The optimal formula achieved a comprehensive score of 84.67. The analysis results of flavor characteristics revealed enhanced umami and complexity in large-leaf yellow tea rice cakes, with significantly higher contents of 74 aromatic components (including benzaldehyde), forming a distinctive mellow tea aroma profile. Radical-scavenging assays demonstrated that large-leaf yellow tea powder significantly improved the clearance rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. In vitro digestion experiments revealed an elevated resistant starch content (68.03%±4.61%) and a lower amount of rapidly digestible starch content (12.58%±2.89%) in large-leaf yellow tea rice cakes, resulting in an estimated glycemic index of 57.56, 11.97% lower than that of the control group, almost meeting the criteria for low-GI foods. This study pioneers the application of large-leaf yellow tea powder in the development of low-GI rice products, providing a theoretical foundation and technical references that is expected to drive innovation in the development of functional traditional food.

, authors=Dawei XING1, 2, *, Chengcheng LIANG1, Zhihui XU1, Jianquan CHEN1, Xiaodan TANG1, Tao ZHENG1, 2, Yuquan LU1, Jing CHEN1, authorsList=Dawei XING, Chengcheng LIANG, Zhihui XU, Jianquan CHEN, Xiaodan TANG, Tao ZHENG, Yuquan LU, Jing CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dawei XING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883993294254387, articleId=1320883989620044069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低GI黄大茶米糕配方优化与品质特性分析, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

针对传统米糕升糖指数(GI)高、风味单一等问题,本研究以籼米粉、糯米粉及黄大茶粉为原料,利用赤藓糖醇代替传统白砂糖,进行低GI黄大茶米糕的配方优化与品质特性分析。结合单因素和正交试验分析,获得黄大茶米糕最佳配方为:籼糯米粉比例为5:2,黄大茶粉添加量为3%,赤藓糖醇添加量为3%,此配方下黄大茶米糕的综合评分为84.67分。风味特征解析结果显示,相比于对照组,黄大茶米糕中具有更强的鲜味和丰富性,苯甲醛等74种香气组分含量显著升高(P<0.05),形成独特的醇厚茶香特征。添加黄大茶粉能够显著提高米糕1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS+)自由基的清除率(P<0.01),并有效降低米糕的体外消化率。黄大茶米糕中拥有更高的抗性淀粉含量(68.03%±4.61%)和较低的快速消化淀粉含量(12.58%±2.89%),预估血糖生成指数(eGI)值为57.56,相比于对照组降低11.97%,基本达到低GI食品要求。本研究将黄大茶粉应用于低GI米制品研制,为功能型传统食品创制与优化提供了理论依据和技术参考。

, authors=邢大伟1, 2, *, 梁诚诚1, 许智慧1, 陈建全1, 唐晓丹1, 郑陶1, 2, 卢宇泉1, 陈婧1, authorsList=邢大伟, 梁诚诚, 许智慧, 陈建全, 唐晓丹, 郑陶, 卢宇泉, 陈婧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邢大伟, authorNote=

邢大伟(1995−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品科学与天然产物化学,E-mail:

梁诚诚(2004−),男,本科,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

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邢大伟(1995−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品科学与天然产物化学,E-mail:。
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Shijiazhuang: Hebei University of Economics and Business, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883993516552500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883993524941109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, companyId=1320883993516552500, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883993533329718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, companyId=1320883993516552500, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1巢湖学院生物与环境工程学院,安徽合肥 238000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883993604632887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883993613021496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, companyId=1320883993604632887, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Chaohu Regional Collaborative Technology Service Center for Rural Revitalization of Anhui Province, Hefei 238000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883993621410105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, companyId=1320883993604632887, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2安徽省环巢湖乡村振兴协同技术服务中心,安徽合肥 238000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320883997937348974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of different ratios of indica and glutinous rice flour on the comprehensive score of large-leaf yellow tea rice cake, figureFileSmall=ZhJhfoyooZcndSBf/abVmw==, figureFileBig=p5MQsD7ZboD6AzE0T+t+/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998004457839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同籼、糯米粉比例对黄大茶米糕综合评分的影响

注:不同小写字母表示显著性差异(P<0.05),图1~图3、图5同。

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注:A图为电子舌检测结果,B图为电子鼻检测结果,C图为电子舌的PCA结果,D图为电子鼻的PCA结果。

, figureFileSmall=Escvu+gr/sH6FS/PANs1Zg==, figureFileBig=7w6juz0GXLL8ASDnqn+Jyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998654574966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Free radical scavenging ability of the control and large-leaf yellow tea rice cake, figureFileSmall=tZgRwbhArbpvCa8g9Z/84A==, figureFileBig=2mP4iUlv51SKoDiOn0UiJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998725878135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=图5, caption=对照组与黄大茶米糕的自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=tZgRwbhArbpvCa8g9Z/84A==, figureFileBig=2mP4iUlv51SKoDiOn0UiJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998805569912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=In vitro starch hydrolysis rate of the control and large-leaf yellow tea rice cake, figureFileSmall=Dd4VT4rWYGjAOD2VBdcY3Q==, figureFileBig=BymruC84DLtyxesbZE+Cjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998885261689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=图6, caption=对照组与黄大茶米糕的体外淀粉水解率, figureFileSmall=Dd4VT4rWYGjAOD2VBdcY3Q==, figureFileBig=BymruC84DLtyxesbZE+Cjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883998964953466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation scoring standard of large-leaf yellow tea rice cake

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评价标准分值
色泽(20分)色泽均匀16~20
色泽较为均匀10~15
色泽不均匀0~9
弹性(10分)按下恢复快8~10
按下恢复性一般4~7
按下恢复性差1~3
软硬度(10分)质地柔软,软硬适中8~10
稍软或稍硬4~7
特别坚硬或软榻1~3
粘性(20分)有粘性,不粘牙16~20
有粘性,基本不粘牙10~15
无粘性或粘牙明显0~9
口感(20分)口感细腻丰富,有宜人茶味16~20
口感较细腻丰富,茶味过浓或过淡10~15
口感较差,无明显茶味0~9
香气(20分)茶香明显16~20
茶香一般10~15
茶香过浓或过淡0~9
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999044645243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

黄大茶米糕感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标评价标准分值
色泽(20分)色泽均匀16~20
色泽较为均匀10~15
色泽不均匀0~9
弹性(10分)按下恢复快8~10
按下恢复性一般4~7
按下恢复性差1~3
软硬度(10分)质地柔软,软硬适中8~10
稍软或稍硬4~7
特别坚硬或软榻1~3
粘性(20分)有粘性,不粘牙16~20
有粘性,基本不粘牙10~15
无粘性或粘牙明显0~9
口感(20分)口感细腻丰富,有宜人茶味16~20
口感较细腻丰富,茶味过浓或过淡10~15
口感较差,无明显茶味0~9
香气(20分)茶香明显16~20
茶香一般10~15
茶香过浓或过淡0~9
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999120142716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Orthogonal test design

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水平/因素A籼糯米粉
比例
B黄大茶粉
添加量(%)
C赤藓糖醇
添加量(%)
12:121
25:233
33:146
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正交试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平/因素A籼糯米粉
比例
B黄大茶粉
添加量(%)
C赤藓糖醇
添加量(%)
12:121
25:233
33:146
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999308886398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different ratios of indica and glutinous rice flour on hardness, chewiness and sensory scores of samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
籼、糯米粉比例1:12:15:23:14:1
硬度(g)8511.99±234.33c11805.24±669.21bc11967.97±603.99bc12394.11±605.31b15632.69±374.36a
咀嚼性6676.83±417.72d6212.92±176.52d7766.28±154.90c8661.19±237.57b12485.72±226.28a
感官评分73.22±3.75cd80.35±2.33b85.75±3.28a77.52±1.21c70.15±2.11d
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999371800959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同籼、糯米粉比例对样品硬度、咀嚼性及感官评分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
籼、糯米粉比例1:12:15:23:14:1
硬度(g)8511.99±234.33c11805.24±669.21bc11967.97±603.99bc12394.11±605.31b15632.69±374.36a
咀嚼性6676.83±417.72d6212.92±176.52d7766.28±154.90c8661.19±237.57b12485.72±226.28a
感官评分73.22±3.75cd80.35±2.33b85.75±3.28a77.52±1.21c70.15±2.11d
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999447298432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different amounts of large-leaf yellow tea added on the hardness, chewiness and sensory scores of samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄大茶粉添加量(%)12345
硬度(g)11374.54±121.73c12309.36±197.10c13980.42±162.07b14471.76±299.24b15773.81±116.07a
咀嚼性5288.28±89.99e6229.78±70.24d6597.64±169.77c7114.95±54.70b7533.48±35.50a
感官评分75.02±1.32b80.51±2.48a80.18±2.35a78.52±2.13ab72.32±1.23c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999535378817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同黄大茶粉添加量对样品硬度、咀嚼性及感官评分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黄大茶粉添加量(%)12345
硬度(g)11374.54±121.73c12309.36±197.10c13980.42±162.07b14471.76±299.24b15773.81±116.07a
咀嚼性5288.28±89.99e6229.78±70.24d6597.64±169.77c7114.95±54.70b7533.48±35.50a
感官评分75.02±1.32b80.51±2.48a80.18±2.35a78.52±2.13ab72.32±1.23c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999598293378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of different erythritol addition amounts on sample hardness, chewiness and sensory scores

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
赤藓糖醇添加量(%)136912
硬度(g)11591.43±253.9c12137.22±74.5bc13302.91±449.3b14125.24±174.5ab14762.42±265.2a
咀嚼性6277.93±158.5c6433.90±87.8c6830.33±62.9b7295.72±285.7a7001.40±237.6ab
感官评分70.31±1.32b82.55±1.35a78.28±2.32a72.12±1.32b65.7±3.25c
), ArticleFig(id=1320883999673790851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同赤藓糖醇添加量对样品硬度、咀嚼性及感官评分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
赤藓糖醇添加量(%)136912
硬度(g)11591.43±253.9c12137.22±74.5bc13302.91±449.3b14125.24±174.5ab14762.42±265.2a
咀嚼性6277.93±158.5c6433.90±87.8c6830.33±62.9b7295.72±285.7a7001.40±237.6ab
感官评分70.31±1.32b82.55±1.35a78.28±2.32a72.12±1.32b65.7±3.25c
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001330540932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Orthogonal experimental design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABC综合评分(分)
111172.34
212378.56
313275.22
421376.89
522284.67
623179.13
731274.05
832177.42
933373.58
K1226.12223.28228.89
K2240.69240.65233.94
K3225.05227.93229.03
k175.3774.4376.30
k280.2380.2277.98
k375.0275.9876.34
R5.215.791.68
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001427009925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

正交试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号ABC综合评分(分)
111172.34
212378.56
313275.22
421376.89
522284.67
623179.13
731274.05
832177.42
933373.58
K1226.12223.28228.89
K2240.69240.65233.94
K3225.05227.93229.03
k175.3774.4376.30
k280.2380.2277.98
k375.0275.9876.34
R5.215.791.68
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001527673222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Results of variance analysis of orthogonal test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素平方和自由度均方FP
籼糯米粉比例A50.89225.4562.490.016*
黄大茶粉添加量B53.90226.9566.180.015*
赤藓糖醇添加量C5.5122.766.770.129
残差0.81420.407
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001594782087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

正交试验方差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素平方和自由度均方FP
籼糯米粉比例A50.89225.4562.490.016*
黄大茶粉添加量B53.90226.9566.180.015*
赤藓糖醇添加量C5.5122.766.770.129
残差0.81420.407
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001695445384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

22 characteristic VOCs with the highest fold change between large-leaf yellow tea rice cake and the control

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物质名称log2(FC)香气描述[31−34]
苯甲醛4.25坚果香
2-甲基吡嗪4.24坚果味,烘焙香气
茶吡咯3.58烧焦气味
顺-2-戊烯醇3.54果香味
1-己烯-3-醇3.54金属味,土味
2,5-二甲基吡嗪2.59烤土豆味
芳樟醇2.55清花香
顺-3-己烯醛2.32草味
顺-2-己烯醛2.18青草香
顺-2-辛烯-1-醇2.10甜美的花香
顺-4-庚烯醛1.90奶香
顺-2-庚烯醛1.85奶油似香味
3-辛烯-2-酮1.76草药香
2,5-己二酮1.54甜香味
2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮−1.13草本气味
戊二酸二甲酯−1.40酯香花香
顺-2,6-壬二烯-1-醇−1.45绿色黄瓜的气味
2-壬酮−1.49果香和奶油香
2-乙基-1-己醇-五氟丙酸酯−2.26嫩叶清香
癸酸甲酯−2.52酒香,果香,花香气味
顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯−2.56果味
顺式-3-己烯醇碳酸甲酯−4.75紫罗兰气味
2-戊基呋喃−5.13果香和豆香
2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯−6.29草本花香
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001791914377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

黄大茶米糕与对照组中差异倍数最高的22种特征VOCs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质名称log2(FC)香气描述[31−34]
苯甲醛4.25坚果香
2-甲基吡嗪4.24坚果味,烘焙香气
茶吡咯3.58烧焦气味
顺-2-戊烯醇3.54果香味
1-己烯-3-醇3.54金属味,土味
2,5-二甲基吡嗪2.59烤土豆味
芳樟醇2.55清花香
顺-3-己烯醛2.32草味
顺-2-己烯醛2.18青草香
顺-2-辛烯-1-醇2.10甜美的花香
顺-4-庚烯醛1.90奶香
顺-2-庚烯醛1.85奶油似香味
3-辛烯-2-酮1.76草药香
2,5-己二酮1.54甜香味
2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮−1.13草本气味
戊二酸二甲酯−1.40酯香花香
顺-2,6-壬二烯-1-醇−1.45绿色黄瓜的气味
2-壬酮−1.49果香和奶油香
2-乙基-1-己醇-五氟丙酸酯−2.26嫩叶清香
癸酸甲酯−2.52酒香,果香,花香气味
顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯−2.56果味
顺式-3-己烯醇碳酸甲酯−4.75紫罗兰气味
2-戊基呋喃−5.13果香和豆香
2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯−6.29草本花香
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001863217546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Starch content composition and eGI values of the control and large-leaf yellow tea rice cake

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样品名称RDS(%)SDS(%)RS(%)C∞(%)kHI(%)eGI
对照组22.28±2.63a22.93±4.54a54.69±4.68b51.51±3.34a0.01743.2365.39
黄大茶米糕12.58±2.89b19.39±1.74a68.03±4.61a36.04±4.25b0.01530.0557.56
), ArticleFig(id=1320884001938715019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883989620044069, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

对照组与黄大茶米糕的淀粉含量组成及eGI值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称RDS(%)SDS(%)RS(%)C∞(%)kHI(%)eGI
对照组22.28±2.63a22.93±4.54a54.69±4.68b51.51±3.34a0.01743.2365.39
黄大茶米糕12.58±2.89b19.39±1.74a68.03±4.61a36.04±4.25b0.01530.0557.56
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低GI黄大茶米糕配方优化与品质特性分析
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邢大伟 1, 2, * , 梁诚诚 1 , 许智慧 1 , 陈建全 1 , 唐晓丹 1 , 郑陶 1, 2 , 卢宇泉 1 , 陈婧 1
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(7): 262-271
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (7) : 262 -271
低GI黄大茶米糕配方优化与品质特性分析
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邢大伟1, 2, * , 梁诚诚1 , 许智慧1, 陈建全1, 唐晓丹1, 郑陶1, 2, 卢宇泉1, 陈婧1
作者信息
  • 1巢湖学院生物与环境工程学院,安徽合肥 238000
  • 2安徽省环巢湖乡村振兴协同技术服务中心,安徽合肥 238000
通讯作者:
邢大伟(1995−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品科学与天然产物化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

邢大伟(1995−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品科学与天然产物化学,E-mail:

梁诚诚(2004−),男,本科,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

Formulation Optimization and Quality Characteristics Analysis of Low-GI Large-leaf Yellow Tea Rice Cake
Dawei XING1, 2, * , Chengcheng LIANG1 , Zhihui XU1, Jianquan CHEN1, Xiaodan TANG1, Tao ZHENG1, 2, Yuquan LU1, Jing CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238000, China
  • 2Chaohu Regional Collaborative Technology Service Center for Rural Revitalization of Anhui Province, Hefei 238000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040093
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针对传统米糕升糖指数(GI)高、风味单一等问题,本研究以籼米粉、糯米粉及黄大茶粉为原料,利用赤藓糖醇代替传统白砂糖,进行低GI黄大茶米糕的配方优化与品质特性分析。结合单因素和正交试验分析,获得黄大茶米糕最佳配方为:籼糯米粉比例为5:2,黄大茶粉添加量为3%,赤藓糖醇添加量为3%,此配方下黄大茶米糕的综合评分为84.67分。风味特征解析结果显示,相比于对照组,黄大茶米糕中具有更强的鲜味和丰富性,苯甲醛等74种香气组分含量显著升高(P<0.05),形成独特的醇厚茶香特征。添加黄大茶粉能够显著提高米糕1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2'-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS+)自由基的清除率(P<0.01),并有效降低米糕的体外消化率。黄大茶米糕中拥有更高的抗性淀粉含量(68.03%±4.61%)和较低的快速消化淀粉含量(12.58%±2.89%),预估血糖生成指数(eGI)值为57.56,相比于对照组降低11.97%,基本达到低GI食品要求。本研究将黄大茶粉应用于低GI米制品研制,为功能型传统食品创制与优化提供了理论依据和技术参考。

黄大茶  /  米糕  /  配方优化  /  品质分析  /  血糖生成指数

To address the high glycemic index (GI) and monotonous flavor of traditional rice cakes, in this study, a low-GI large-leaf yellow tea rice cake was developed using indica rice flour, glutinous rice flour, and large-leaf yellow tea powder, substituting traditional white sugar with erythritol. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal testing optimization identified an optimal formula consisting of an indica rice flour to glutinous rice flour ratio of 5:2, with the addition of 3% large-leaf yellow tea powder, and 3% erythritol content. The optimal formula achieved a comprehensive score of 84.67. The analysis results of flavor characteristics revealed enhanced umami and complexity in large-leaf yellow tea rice cakes, with significantly higher contents of 74 aromatic components (including benzaldehyde), forming a distinctive mellow tea aroma profile. Radical-scavenging assays demonstrated that large-leaf yellow tea powder significantly improved the clearance rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. In vitro digestion experiments revealed an elevated resistant starch content (68.03%±4.61%) and a lower amount of rapidly digestible starch content (12.58%±2.89%) in large-leaf yellow tea rice cakes, resulting in an estimated glycemic index of 57.56, 11.97% lower than that of the control group, almost meeting the criteria for low-GI foods. This study pioneers the application of large-leaf yellow tea powder in the development of low-GI rice products, providing a theoretical foundation and technical references that is expected to drive innovation in the development of functional traditional food.

large-leaf yellow tea  /  rice cake  /  formulation optimization  /  quality characteristics analysis  /  glycemic index
邢大伟, 梁诚诚, 许智慧, 陈建全, 唐晓丹, 郑陶, 卢宇泉, 陈婧. 低GI黄大茶米糕配方优化与品质特性分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (7) : 262 -271 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040093
Dawei XING, Chengcheng LIANG, Zhihui XU, Jianquan CHEN, Xiaodan TANG, Tao ZHENG, Yuquan LU, Jing CHEN. Formulation Optimization and Quality Characteristics Analysis of Low-GI Large-leaf Yellow Tea Rice Cake[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (7) : 262 -271 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040093
随着全球糖尿病和肥胖症患病率的持续攀升,消费者对低升糖指数(glycemic index,GI)食品的需求日益增长。低GI食品因其缓慢的碳水化合物消化速率和较低的餐后血糖波动特性,已被证实有助于改善代谢综合征和降低慢性疾病患病风险[1−2]。传统米糕作为东亚地区重要的传统小吃,通常以精制糯米或大米为主要原料,因其微润口感和丰富的营养价值而广受好评[3]。然而,高淀粉含量及快速消化特性导致传统米糕GI值较高,难以满足现代健康饮食的需求。因此,如何通过原料改良与工艺优化开发低GI米糕产品,成为食品科学领域的研究热点之一。
黄茶是我国六大茶类之一,起源于明朝,具有独特的黄化工艺。黄茶可根据原料的成熟度及加工工艺分为黄芽、黄小茶和黄大茶[4]。黄大茶因其醇厚滋味和浓郁的“锅巴香”成为近年来最受喜爱的茶叶品种之一[5],其中富含的茶多酚、类黄酮及多糖等功能成分,已被证实具有抗氧化[6]、调节糖脂代谢[7]、抑制淀粉消化酶活性[8]和降低食品GI值[9]等功能,此外,其在预防肥胖、脂肪肝、高血糖等方面也展现出巨大潜力[4,10]。目前,黄大茶已被广泛应用于饮料加工与肉类保藏中。研究结果表明,添加黄大茶能够改善啤酒、果蔬汁和发酵饮料的口感,并保留明显的特征“锅巴香”,增强产品的抗氧化能力[11−13]。添加黄大茶烟熏液能够延缓贮藏过程中牛肉糜凝胶的持水力下降,有效延长其货架期[14]。然而,关于黄大茶在传统蒸煮米制品中的应用还鲜有报道。
基于此,本研究将黄大茶粉与传统米糕配方相结合,利用其调节传统米糕的品质特性及淀粉比例,以期在降低GI值的同时维持或提升产品品质。通过单因素和正交试验优化黄大茶米糕配方,并系统分析黄大茶对产品的口感、风味、抗氧化活性、体外消化行为、淀粉比例和预估血糖生成指数(expected glycemic index,eGI)的影响,为低GI传统食品的开发及黄茶资源的高值化利用提供新的探究及参考。
黄大茶 安徽霍山抱儿钟秀茶叶股份有限公司;籼米 鄱阳湖生态农业股份有限公司;糯米 沈阳信昌粮食贸易有限公司;赤藓糖醇 安徽滁州爱乐甜食品饮料有限公司;BC4750 DPPH自由基清除能力检测试剂盒、BC4770 ABTS+自由基清除能力检测试剂盒、BC2500葡萄糖含量检测试剂盒、BC0700淀粉含量检测试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;S10003-1 g α-淀粉酶(50 U/ mg)、S10017-250 g糖化酶(1×105 U/g) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;ST351 3 mol/L醋酸钠(pH5.2,sterile,DNase free) 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;其他化学试剂 均为分析纯。
ES-E120BII电子分析天平 天津德安特传感技术有限公司;JYL-Y16多功能粉碎机、DZ100HG-GZ105电蒸锅 山东九阳小家电有限公司;HMJ-A50N1小熊和面机 广东小熊电器有限公司;TA-XT2质构仪 英国Stable Micro Systems公司;HC-3618R高速冷冻离心机 安徽中科中佳科学仪器有限公司;DKZ-2电热恒温振荡水浴锅 上海恒一科技有限公司;DK-2000-IIIL电热恒温水浴锅 河北菲斯福仪器有限公司;LC-WB-4防干烧恒温水浴锅 上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司;TS-5000Z电子舌 日本Insent公司;PEN3电子鼻系统 德国Airsense公司;7890B气相色谱仪、5977B质谱仪、DB-Wax(30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm)色谱柱 安捷伦科技有限公司;UV-6100紫外可见分光光度计 上海元析仪器有限公司。
将籼米、糯米和赤藓糖醇分别置于多功能粉碎机中粉碎,过80目分样筛;将黄大茶打碎,过16目分样筛。将籼米、糯米、赤藓糖醇和黄大茶粉混合后,加入一定比例的纯净水,置于多功能搅拌机中低速搅拌10 min。取80 g搅拌完成的匀浆装入模具中,在预热好的蒸锅中蒸煮15 min,蒸煮完成后的米糕立即用保鲜膜密封,用于后续实验。对照组米糕不添加茶粉,具体步骤同上。
根据国标GB 7099-2015《食品安全国家标准 糕点、面包》并参考已有文献[15−16]制定黄大茶米糕感官评价标准。感官评价由8名经过感官培训和考核的评审人员组成,对黄大茶米糕进行感官评分。评分标准采用百分制,包括色泽(20分)、弹性(10分)、软硬度(10分)、粘性(20分)、口感(20分)和香气(20分)共六部分,如表1所示。
使用TA-XT2质构仪进行米糕质构特性分析。分析采用TPA测试模式,参考已有文献的方法[15−16]并做适当修改。将蒸煮完成冷却至室温的米糕切成5 cm×5 cm×1 cm的正方体。使用P/36 R探头,在测试前速度5 mm/s,测试中速度5 mm/s,测试后速度5 mm/s,触发力5 g,目标模式为30% strain条件下,测得米糕的硬度和咀嚼性,每组重复3次。
在籼糯米粉比例5:2、黄大茶粉添加量3%、赤藓糖醇添加量3%的基础上,固定加水量为40%,蒸煮时间为15 min(均以米粉总质量为基重)。分别改变籼糯米粉比例(1:1、2:1、5:2、3:1、4:1)、黄大茶粉添加量(1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)和赤藓糖醇添加量(1%、3%、6%、9%、12%),根据综合得分确定合适的因素梯度用于后续正交试验。
基于单因素实验结果,以综合评分为指标,从米粉比例、黄大茶粉添加量和赤藓糖醇添加量中选择三个水平,采用三因素三水平的正交试验进行黄大茶米糕的配方优化,正交试验设计如表2所示。
由于感官评分是反映产品品质的重要属性,参考已有研究[15],确定硬度X1和咀嚼性X2各占综合评分25%,感官得分X3占综合评分的50%。其中,质构得分按照质构分析中所得数据,选取多次重复中测定的最小值Y0、最大值Y1和均值Y,硬度X1和咀嚼性X2均按照极差变换法[17−18]进行计算,具体计算公式如下:
$ 质构得分 \text{X}=\frac{{\text{Y}}_{\text{1}}-\text{Y}}{{\text{Y}}_{\text{1}}-{\text{Y}}_{\text{0}}}\times \text{100} $
$ 综合评分 \text{Z}=\text{0}{\text{.25X}}_{\text{1}}+\text{0}{\text{.25X}}_{\text{2}}+\text{0}{\text{.5X}}_{\text{3}} $
式中:Y0为测定最小值;Y1为测定最大值;Y为测定均值。
取100 ℃复蒸10 min后的米糕样品45 g,加入150 mL纯净水置于多功能粉碎机中打浆30 s,4000 r/min离心10 min后取上清液备用。使用TS-5000Z电子舌仪器,在传感器自检30 s,20次;测试时间30 s;回味时间30 s条件下对上清液进行电子舌分析,每次测定结束后使用清洗液对正负极进行清洗,每个组别包含3个重复,每个样品重复测定3次。其中,酸味和咸味的无味点分别为−13和−6,其他感应器的无味点均为0,当样品的味觉响应值低于无味点,则说明样品无该味道,反之则有[19]。
取100 ℃复蒸10 min后的米糕样品10 g置于100 mL烧杯中,双层保鲜膜封口,室温下静置30 min后,将进样针头直接插入含有样品的烧杯中,在测定参数为采样时间1 s/组;传感器自清洗时间80 s;传感器归零时间5 s;样品准备时间5 s;进样流量400 mL/min;分析采样时间80 s条件下进行电子鼻分析[19],每个组别包含3个重复,每个样品重复测定3次。
取1 g米糕样品至多功能粉碎机中粉碎后,于100 ℃复蒸10 min,加入转子置于顶空瓶中。60 ℃平衡萃取30 min后立即插入进样口,在250 ℃下解析3min,进行GC-MS检测。GC-MS检测条件为:初始温度40 ℃,预热时间3 min;分流模式Splitless Mode;隔垫吹扫流速3 mL/min;柱流速1 mL/min;柱箱升温程序40 ℃保持4 min,以5 ℃/min比例上升至245 ℃,保持5 min;前进样口温度250 ℃;传输线温度250 ℃;离子源温度230 ℃;四极杆温度150 ℃;电离电压70 eV;质量范围m/z 33~500。目标化合物的峰识别基于美国国家标准技术研究所(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)数据库匹配鉴定,使用峰高归一化法进行相对定量[20],每个组别包含6个重复。
将冷冻干燥48 h的米糕样品研磨均匀后过30目筛,称取0.05 g样本,使用ABTS+自由基清除率检测试剂盒,按照说明书对米糕进行自由基清除率检测,每个组别包含3个重复,每个样品重复测定3次。
将冷冻干燥48 h的米糕样品研磨均匀后过30目筛,称取0.05 g样本,使用DPPH自由基清除率检测试剂盒,按照说明书对米糕进行自由基清除率检测,每个组别包含3个重复,每个样品重复测定3次。
将冷冻干燥48 h的米糕样品研磨均匀后过30目筛,称取0.3 g样品,使用淀粉含量检测试剂盒,按照说明书进行总淀粉含量M1(mg)测定,每个组别包含3个重复,每个样品重复测定3次。
体外消化特性检测参照已有文献并作修改,称冷冻干燥48 h后的米糕样品粉末0.2 g,加入50 mL离心管中。向离心管中加入5 mL醋酸钠缓冲液(pH5.2)、4 mL糖化酶(20 U/mL)和16 mL α-淀粉酶(6.4 U/mL)[15,21]。将混合溶液37 ℃水浴5 min后,置于37 ℃,200 r/min的恒温摇床,在反应0、20、40、60、120、180 min时吸取1 mL反应液,使用4 mL无水乙醇终止反应,并于4000 r/min离心5 min。吸取100 μL上清,使用葡萄糖含量检测试剂盒测定混合液中的葡萄糖含量T,每个组别至少包含3个重复,每个样品重复测定3次,取其平均值进行淀粉水解曲线的绘制。淀粉水解率计算公式如式(3)所示:
$ \rm 淀粉水解率(\text{%})=\frac{混合液中葡萄糖含量 \text{T}\times \text{0.9}}{总淀粉含量 {M_1}}\times \text{100} $
根据不同时间溶液中的葡萄糖含量,计算样品中的快消化淀粉(RDS)、慢消化淀粉(SDS)和抗性淀粉(RS)值[18],计算公式如式(4)(5)(6)所示:
$\rm {RDS(\text{%})}=\frac{{[(T_{20}}-\text{FG)}\times {0.9]}}{{M_1}}\times \text{100} $
$\rm {SDS (\text{%})}=\frac{{[(T_{120}}-{T_{20})}\times {0.9]}}{{M_1}}\times \text{100} $
$\rm {RS (\text{%})}=\frac{{(M_1-RDS-SDS)}}{{M_1}}\times {100} $
式中:T20:反应20 min时混合液中的葡萄糖含量,mg;T120:反应120 min时混合液中的葡萄糖含量,mg;FG:反应前混合液中的葡萄糖含量,mg;M1:样品总淀粉含量,mg。
参考已有文献[22−24],根据淀粉水解率,使用Origin 2021软件对白面包和两种米糕的体外消化曲线进行一级动力学拟合,并计算曲线面积AUC(0~180 min),选择拟合公式为式(7),得到水解动力学常数k。以白面包作为对照,根据式(8)计算水解指数HI,根据式(9)计算eGI值,具体计算公式如下:
$\rm {Ct}={C}_\infty {{(1-e}}^{{-kt}}) $
式中:Ct:t时间下米糕水解率;C∞:反应时间达到180 min时米糕淀粉的水解率;t:反应时间。
$ \text{HI}=\frac{\text{AUC}_{样品}}{\text{AUC}_{白面包}}\times \text{100} $
$ \text{eGI}=\text{39.71}+\text{0.594}\times \text{HI} $
数据以平均值±标准偏差(X±SD)呈现,数据保留两位小数。正交试验设计与分析使用SPSSAU网站(https://spssau.com/About_spssau.html)进行,通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)进行显著性分析,P<0.05为差异显著,使用GraphPad Prism 8和Origin 2021软件进行图形绘制。
如表3所示,米糕硬度和咀嚼性随着籼米添加量的升高而不断增加,这种质构变化可能源于淀粉分子结构的差异。籼米中高直链淀粉在糊化过程中形成致密的线性网络结构[25],其线性分子链通过氢键作用形成刚性凝胶,而糯米支链淀粉的高度分支化结构则形成弹性三维网络[26]。当籼米比例提升时,直链淀粉通过分子间有序排列增强凝胶强度,导致硬度增加,同时高直链淀粉体系的能量耗散特性使咀嚼做功显著上升[27],感官评价指标则呈现先升后降的单峰变化趋势。当籼、糯米粉比达5:2时,质构得分与感官评分达到理想平衡点,米糕产品硬度适中,质地黏而不腻,产品获得最优综合评分(77.80±4.51分)(图1)。当籼糯米比例超过5:2时,产品适口性下降,当比例为3:1时,综合评分显著降低约10%(P<0.01)。因此,本实验最终选取籼、糯米粉比例2:1、5:2及3:1三个梯度水平进行后续正交优化试验。
黄大茶粉添加量是影响米糕质构特性及口感风味的重要因素。如表4所示,当黄大茶粉添加量从1%增至5%时,米糕的硬度和咀嚼性呈上升趋势。该趋势可能与茶多酚和淀粉之间相互作用有关[28],也可能因茶粉含量的不断增加导致儿茶素-淀粉复合物增加,增强了凝胶网络致密度[29]。当添加量达3%时,黄大茶米糕获得最优综合评分(74.88±3.01分)(图2),黄大茶与米制品的风味物质形成协调体系。但当茶粉添加量超过3%时,茶叶风味物质积累引发苦味阈值突破,导致感官评分呈梯度下降趋势,综合评分显著降低(P<0.05)。基于此,最终选取2%~4%黄大茶粉添加量为正交试验的因素水平范围。
赤藓糖醇添加量是影响黄大茶米糕品质的关键因素,其不仅直接调控产品的甜度,更与其质构特性密切相关。如表5所示,在质构特性方面,与已有研究结果一致,赤藓糖醇的加入增强了米糕的致密结构[30],随着赤藓糖醇添加量的递增,米糕的硬度和咀嚼性均呈现上升趋势。在感官接受度方面,感官评分随赤藓糖醇添加量的增加表现出先升高后降低的趋势。具体而言,当添加量从1%增加至3%时,产品甜度逐渐提升,感官愉悦度随之增强,感官评分及综合评分均于3%添加量时达到峰值。然而,当添加量超过3%后,产品甜度超出适口阈值,导致明显的甜腻感,感官评分与综合评分均呈现下降趋势。基于上述结果,赤藓糖醇添加量在3%时能够兼顾适宜的甜度、良好的质构特性和最优的感官接受度。基于此,本研究最终确定将赤藓糖醇添加量设定为1%~6%用于后续正交试验。
按上述选定的单因素梯度,采用正交试验,通过方差分析结合主效应解析,探究黄大茶米糕的最适配方(表6)。三因素对综合评分的极差排序为:黄大茶粉添加量(R=5.79)>籼、糯米粉比例(R=5.21)>赤藓糖醇添加量(R=1.68)。经多重比较验证,确定最优组合A2B2C2(籼糯米粉比5:2、黄大茶粉3%、赤藓糖醇3%),在此配方条件下制作的黄大茶米糕口感细腻,具有浓郁的黄大茶特征香气,表现出较佳的质构特性和感官品质,综合评分达84.67分。
对上述结果进行方差分析,结果表明籼糯米粉比例和黄大茶粉添加量对黄大茶米糕综合评分具有显著影响(P<0.05),而赤藓糖醇添加量对综合评分的影响未呈现统计学意义(P=0.129)(表7),该结论与正交试验极差分析结果具有一致性(表6)。
对黄大茶米糕与对照组进行电子舌和电子鼻分析检测,以判断添加黄大茶粉对米糕风味的影响。由电子舌结果(图4A)可知,两种米糕在酸味、涩味、苦味回味、涩味回味和咸味传感器上的响应值均低于无味点,这表明两种米糕均无上述滋味。黄大茶米糕在鲜味和丰富性传感器的响应值显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而黄大茶米糕(4.46±0.12)在甜味传感器上的响应值显著低于对照组(5.64±0.21)(P<0.01)。这表明,添加3%黄大茶粉能够有效提高米糕的鲜味和口味的丰富性,而不会增加米糕的苦味和涩味。电子鼻检测响应值与米糕中的香气物质含量一一对应,如图4B中所示,黄大茶米糕较对照组在W2W(有机硫化合物)、W2S传感器(醇类、醛酮类)、W1W传感器(无机硫化合物)、W1S传感器(甲基类)、W5S传感器(氮氧化合物)上的响应值更高,这表明黄大茶米糕中含有更高含量的有机硫化合物、醇类、醛酮类、甲基类、无机硫化合物和氮氧化合物。
使用主成分分析法(PCA)对电子舌和电子鼻各传感器响应值进行转化和降维,并对其进行特征向量的线性分析,以判断对照组和黄大茶米糕在滋味和挥发性气味间的差异。电子舌与电子鼻的PCA分析结果如图4C和4D所示,电子舌检测中第一、第二主成分贡献率为84.2%和12.1%,总成分贡献率为96.3%;电子鼻检测中第一、第二主成分贡献率为83.5%和13.6%,总成分贡献率为97.1%,表明滋味和挥发性气味的主成分均能够较好反映原始多指标信息。同时,黄大茶米糕与对照组的电子舌与电子鼻散点图区域均无重叠且距离较远,表明两组米糕间的滋味和香气存在差异。
为进一步检测黄大茶粉对米糕挥发性风味物质的影响,通过GC-MS对黄大茶米糕和对照组的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了鉴定。与对照组相比,黄大茶米糕中共鉴定出266种显著差异VOCs(P<0.05,VIP>1.0),其中192种化合物显著升高,74种化合物显著降低。化学分类分析表明,醛酮类(13.1%)、萜类(8.6%)、烷烃(7.1%)、烯烃(7.1%)及其他(18.4%)等是主要的显著差异VOCs,而酯类(4.8%)、醇类(3.8%)、羧酸类(3.4%)次之。参考已有文献[31−34],根据对照组和黄大茶米糕的GC-MS的相对定量结果,表8中呈现了差异倍数(Fold Change,FC)最高的22种米制品及黄大茶中的特征VOCs,揭示了黄大茶米糕中苯甲醛、2,5-二甲基吡嗪、顺-3-己烯醛、顺-2-庚烯醛及芳樟醇等特征性风味物质的相对含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。这些化合物通过协同作用构建了独特的风味轮廓:苯甲醛和2-甲基吡嗪等物质赋予典型的焙烤坚果香;顺-4-庚烯醛和顺-2-庚烯醛等因其较高的脂溶性和低气味阈值,有效贡献了奶油般丝滑的脂肪香气。与此形成对比的是,黄大茶米糕中的2-羟基-5-甲基苯乙酮和顺-2,6-壬二烯-1-醇等清香型化合物,2-壬酮、癸酸甲酯、顺-3-己烯基异丁酸酯、2-戊基呋喃等果香型化合物及戊二酸二甲酯、顺式-3-己烯醇碳酸甲酯、2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯等花香型化合物的相对含量较对照更低。以上结果表明,添加黄大茶粉改变米糕中VOCs的组成特征,在保留了黄大茶中特征香气的同时,重塑了米糕整体风味轮廓。
食品的抗氧化能力与其货架期密切相关,借助DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力检测评估了添加黄大茶粉对米糕抗氧化特性的改良作用。黄大茶米糕在两种自由基清除体系中均表现出显著增强的抗氧化能力(P<0.01)。具体而言,在ABTS+自由基清除实验中,黄大茶米糕清除率达93.25%±2.76%,较对照组(17.68%±3.28%)提升至5.3倍;而DPPH自由基清除率差异更为显著,实验组(87.31%±3.08%)较对照组(1.75%±0.14%)提升至49.9倍(图5)。
这一量级差异可能源于不同抗氧化成分的作用机制差异。黄大茶中富含的多酚类物质能提供氢质子与体内自由基结合,并参与辅酶Ⅱ的电子传递链来终止自由基的反应[35],而多糖类物质也可通过螯合位点与金属离子进行配位,进而生成稳定的配合物,从而减少羟基自由基的产生,达到抗氧化效果[36]。DPPH自由基作为脂溶性自由基体系,其清除效率的显著提升(49.9倍)可能是由于黄大茶中脂溶性抗氧化成分的高效释放[37−39]。相比之下,ABTS+作为水溶性自由基体系,其清除能力的提升(5.3倍)可能与水溶性多酚的浸出相关。这种含茶食品中脂溶性体系清除效率增幅显著高于水溶性体系的特征,与前期在茶多酚改性淀粉体系中的研究结果一致[40]。以上结果表明,黄大茶经蒸煮过程后仍保留较强的抗氧化能力,赋予了米糕更高的自由基清除能力。
本研究通过体外模拟消化模型评估了添加黄大茶粉对米糕淀粉消化特性和血糖生成效应的调控作用。如图6体外淀粉水解率曲线显示,黄大茶米糕与对照组在0~180 min消化周期内淀粉水解趋势相似。消化初始阶段(0~20 min)两组样品均呈现快速水解趋势,在中间消化期(20~120 min),两组样品水解速率不断降低,120 min后两组样品的淀粉消化速度趋于稳定,180 min时黄大茶米糕相较于对照组的淀粉水解率下降15.48%(P<0.01),这表明添加黄大茶粉能够显著抑制米糕的消化速率。除茶多酚能够有效抑制α-淀粉酶的活性外,黄大茶中所含的膳食纤维也能够有效抑制葡萄糖的释放,从而降低了黄大茶米糕的体外消化速率,该现象与以往茶食品中的发现一致[17,41]。
通过工艺和添加物等改变产品淀粉组分是目前研制低GI食品的常见方式。表9数据进一步量化了黄大茶对淀粉组分的结构重组效应,黄大茶米糕中快消化淀粉(RDS)比例由对照组的22.28%±2.63%显著降低至12.58%±2.89%(P<0.05),而抗性淀粉(RS)比例则从54.69%±4.68%显著提升至68.03%±4.61%(P<0.05)。该现象可能与茶多酚自身对淀粉酶的抑制作用有关[42],也可能是由于茶多酚与淀粉分子的相互作用结合形成了V型复合物[43],该复合物具有更加紧密的结构,增加了对α-淀粉酶的抗性,抑制了淀粉的消化,从而使得RDS含量下降。这种淀粉组分重构降低了米糕的葡萄糖释放速率和水解指数,直接导致了eGI的显著变化,黄大茶米糕eGI值为57.56,较对照组降低11.97%。根据T/CNLIC 0145-2024《低血糖生成指数(GI)食品通用技术要求》规定(GI≤55为低GI食品),该产品已基本达到低GI食品要求。由于当前实验基于静态体外消化系统,未能完全模拟人体胃肠道的动态环境,可能导致eGI值与实际血糖反应的偏差[22,44],因此本产品具有进一步优化和推广的潜力。
本研究通过单因素实验结合正交分析,确定了黄大茶米糕的最优配方参数为籼糯米粉比例5:2、黄大茶粉添加量3%、赤藓糖醇添加量3%。相较于对照组,黄大茶米糕在鲜味和风味丰富性方面呈现显著提升,并表现出更为浓郁的烘烤坚果香气。黄大茶粉的添加显著增强了米糕对于DPPH和ABTS+自由基的清除能力,同时显著降低了米糕中淀粉的体外水解速率,促使RS比例显著提升。基于此配方制备得到的黄大茶米糕,其eGI为57.56,接近国际通用的低GI食品阈值(GI≤55)。本研究通过多维度评价体系,揭示了黄大茶在米糕风味特征的修饰效应及其功能强化机制,为开发兼具地域特色与低GI特性的传统米制食品提供了理论基础和配方参考。

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2026年第47卷第7期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040093
  • 接收时间:2025-04-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-04-01
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    1巢湖学院生物与环境工程学院,安徽合肥 238000
    2安徽省环巢湖乡村振兴协同技术服务中心,安徽合肥 238000

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邢大伟(1995−),男,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品科学与天然产物化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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