Article(id=1320882793480048866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852598780, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852598780, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852598780, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852598780, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=412, endPage=424, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882795564617956, articleId=1320882793480048866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Uric Acid-lowering Effect and Safety Evaluation of Taxilli Herba Tea Fermented with Eurotium cristatum, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: Given the limitations of current interventions for hyperuricemia and the potential of Eurotium cristatum fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of natural products, this study aimed to investigate the urate-lowering effect and safety of E. cristatum-fermented Taxilli Herba tea, thereby providing experimental evidence for developing efficient, low-toxicity natural urate-lowering agents. Methods: A "pretreatment-modeling synchronous intervention" design was adopted. Mice were first administered fermented Taxilli Herba tea via oral gavage for 5 consecutive days for pretreatment. Subsequently, a hyperuricemia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of hypoxanthine combined with subcutaneous injection of potassium oxonate, during which the fermented tea was continuously administered for three days. To elucidate its urate-lowering mechanism, serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity were measured. Concurrently, liver and kidney function indices—alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr)—were assessed to evaluate organ protection. Safety was evaluated via acute toxicity tests (single gavage of maximum concentration, with 14-day observation to determine LD50) and subacute toxicity tests (28-day continuous gavage, with measurements of body weight, hematological, biochemical, and urinary parameters, plus histopathological examination of organs to assess toxic effects). Results: Relative to the blank group, the model group exhibited significantly elevated SUA levels, hepatic XOD activity (P<0.01), and abnormal liver/kidney function indices (ALT, AST, BUN, SCr, P<0.01), confirming successful model establishment with concurrent organ damage. In contrast, all dose groups of fermented Taxilli Herba tea showed significantly reduced SUA levels (P<0.05) and XOD activity (P<0.01) versus the model group, alongside improved liver and kidney function indices (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These findings indicated that the fermented tea reduced urate production by inhibiting XOD activity and exerted protective effects on liver and kidney function. Safety evaluation revealed an oral LD50>10 g/kg·bw in both male and female mice, classifying it as practically non-toxic. After 28-day continuous gavage, no significant abnormalities in body weight, hematological, or biochemical parameters were observed in rats across all dose groups, and no test substance-related histopathological changes were detected in organs. Conclusion: E. cristatum-fermented Taxilli Herba tea exerts a significant urate-lowering effect by inhibiting XOD activity and simultaneously ameliorates hyperuricemia-induced liver and kidney dysfunction. Its "synergistic urate-lowering and organ-protective effects" outperform single-target interventions and present high safety.

, authors=Jiali LIU1, 2, 3, Chaojian MENG1, Qibin ZHU1, Lifang LIANG1, Jingyun LI1, Mei RU1, 2, 4, *, Yonghua LI1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=Jiali LIU, Chaojian MENG, Qibin ZHU, Lifang LIANG, Jingyun LI, Mei RU, Yonghua LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mei RU, Yonghua LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882800509702395, articleId=1320882793480048866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸作用及安全性评价, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:针对高尿酸血症现有干预手段的局限性,结合冠突散囊菌发酵可能增强天然产物活性的特性,探究冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸作用及安全性,为开发高效低毒的天然降尿酸产品提供实验依据。方法:采用“预处理-造模同步干预”策略:小鼠先连续5 d经口灌胃冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶进行预处理,随后腹腔注射次黄嘌呤联合皮下注射氧嗪酸钾构建高尿酸血症模型的同时,持续干预3 d。检测血清尿酸(Uric acid,SUA)、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)活性,明确降尿酸机制;同步检测肝肾功能指标(丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr))评估器官保护效应。安全性评价采用急性毒性试验(单次灌胃,观察14 d,测定LD50)及亚急性毒性试验(28 d连续灌胃,检测体重、血生化及脏器病理切片)。结果:模型组小鼠SUA水平及肝脏XOD活性较空白组显著升高(P<0.01),且伴随ALT、AST、BUN、SCr等肝肾功能指标异常(P<0.01),证实高尿酸模型构建成功且存在器官损伤;发酵桑寄生茶各剂量组较模型组SUA水平(P<0.05)及XOD活性显著降低(P<0.01),同时肝肾功能指标同步改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),提示其通过抑制XOD活性减少尿酸生成保护脏器。安全性评价显示:雌雄小鼠经口LD50均>10 g/kg·bw,属实际无毒级;28 d连续灌胃后,各剂量组大鼠体重、血生化指标及脏器病理无显著异常。结论:冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶通过抑制XOD活性降低尿酸水平,且同步改善高尿酸诱导的肝肾功能损伤,其“降尿酸-器官保护”协同效应优于单一靶点干预,且安全性高。

, authors=刘佳莉1, 2, 3, 蒙超坚1, 朱其彬1, 梁力芳1, 李景云1, 汝梅1, 2, 4, *, 李永华1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=刘佳莉, 蒙超坚, 朱其彬, 梁力芳, 李景云, 汝梅, 李永华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汝梅, 李永华, authorNote=

刘佳莉(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
汝梅(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:药用植物资源与开发,E-mail:。
李永华(1964−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:。
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2University Engineering Research Center of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, Nanning 530200, China
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2特色中药民族药广西高校工程研究中心,广西南宁 530200
3广西生态工程职业技术学院,广西柳州 545004, bio={"content":"

刘佳莉(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:

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刘佳莉(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:

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注:**表示与空白组比,P<0.01;#表示与模型组比,P<0.05,##表示P<0.01;图2~图3同。

, figureFileSmall=9ntb4WKPKFyZr267QQUNIw==, figureFileBig=9dWJ3z6IPla4NMaXNH11xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882806855684415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of Taxilli Herba tea on serum AST and ALT in HUA mic, figureFileSmall=/8Qk8hdmXwvisahEh0Yutw==, figureFileBig=15fFRnrKn+tvMtLPpgJL0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882806952153408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图2, caption=桑寄生茶对HUA小鼠血清AST、ALT的影响, figureFileSmall=/8Qk8hdmXwvisahEh0Yutw==, figureFileBig=15fFRnrKn+tvMtLPpgJL0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882807057011009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of Taxilli Herba tea on XOD activities in HUA mic, figureFileSmall=Uj3IdxiA8U+8MTEGvUt/gw==, figureFileBig=U4kdoqnQsr+YLsAf4w+4iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882808717955394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图3, caption=桑寄生茶对HUA小鼠肝脏XOD的影响

注:**表示与空白组比,P<0.01;##表示与模型组比,P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=Uj3IdxiA8U+8MTEGvUt/gw==, figureFileBig=U4kdoqnQsr+YLsAf4w+4iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882808839590211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Appearance of liver and kidney of mice in each group, figureFileSmall=+2kQsV93Xa9AGVPwdh8GxA==, figureFileBig=7MlrLbSX8Bg8LN59wfFksA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882808952836420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组小鼠肝脏、肾脏外观

注:A为空白组;B为模型组;C为阳性组;D为桑寄生茶低剂量组;E为桑寄生茶中剂量组;F为桑寄生茶高剂量组。图5、图6同。

, figureFileSmall=+2kQsV93Xa9AGVPwdh8GxA==, figureFileBig=7MlrLbSX8Bg8LN59wfFksA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809032528197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Liver tissue sections of mice in each group (200×), figureFileSmall=JznyIsdiA2pLR4TRrz/ePw==, figureFileBig=FBaKg+Wn7Itzz9JFXnh+xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809112219974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组小鼠肝脏组织切片(200×), figureFileSmall=JznyIsdiA2pLR4TRrz/ePw==, figureFileBig=FBaKg+Wn7Itzz9JFXnh+xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809196106055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Kidney tissue sections of mice in each group (magnification, 200×), figureFileSmall=Utm1M1Kp1BXjB5y/CW3H+w==, figureFileBig=1DI+11iCT+rOKRFjL5lKHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809292575048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组小鼠肾脏组织切片(200×), figureFileSmall=Utm1M1Kp1BXjB5y/CW3H+w==, figureFileBig=1DI+11iCT+rOKRFjL5lKHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809405821257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of maximum administration experiment of Taxilli Herba tea on body weight change of mice, figureFileSmall=O/w25QiS5SNcyk49fvjs8A==, figureFileBig=1ip9CC8bEFbLHfpyEWr+ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809502290250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图7, caption=桑寄生茶最大给药实验对小鼠体重变化的影响, figureFileSmall=O/w25QiS5SNcyk49fvjs8A==, figureFileBig=1ip9CC8bEFbLHfpyEWr+ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809598759243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of the maximum administration experiment of Taxilli Herba tea on the organ index of mice, figureFileSmall=lfnk/iuE+ejQG3ZL6rQeqg==, figureFileBig=XT638pr/Jwy6d8VmShu6Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809703616844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图8, caption=桑寄生茶最大给药实验对小鼠脏器指数的影响, figureFileSmall=lfnk/iuE+ejQG3ZL6rQeqg==, figureFileBig=XT638pr/Jwy6d8VmShu6Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882809955275085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Effect of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on body weight of female rats, figureFileSmall=zPqMfaKUtp0A0zJqHkuI1A==, figureFileBig=s3xkDdVbNrZJQozgrSMY7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882810060132686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图9, caption=桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性实验对雌性大鼠体重的影响, figureFileSmall=zPqMfaKUtp0A0zJqHkuI1A==, figureFileBig=s3xkDdVbNrZJQozgrSMY7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882810164990287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on body weight of male rats, figureFileSmall=IgpI+gvMkcqjSUzHAcD3hg==, figureFileBig=5m1m7uu+ffH9dHVYUH6IBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882810269847888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图10, caption=桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性实验对雄性大鼠体重的影响, figureFileSmall=IgpI+gvMkcqjSUzHAcD3hg==, figureFileBig=5m1m7uu+ffH9dHVYUH6IBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882810366316881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Pathological sections of liver and kidney tissues of rats in high dose group and blank group treated with Taxilli Herba tea (200×), figureFileSmall=PONsN0P390I+wVViscuXZw==, figureFileBig=K98/5QvoNFE7+RkhbOguyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882810458591570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=图11, caption=桑寄生茶对高剂量组、空白组大鼠肝、肾组织病理切片(200×)

注:A为雌性空白组肝;B为雌性高剂量组肝;C为雄性空白组肝;D为雄性高剂量组肝;E为雌性空白组肾;F为雌性高剂量组肾;G为雄性空白组肾;H为雄性高剂量组肾。

, figureFileSmall=PONsN0P390I+wVViscuXZw==, figureFileBig=K98/5QvoNFE7+RkhbOguyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882810546671955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Effect of Taxilli Herba Tea on body weight of HUA mice (x±s,n=10,g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别第1 d第3 d第5 d第7 d第8 d
空白组31.30±1.5833.05±1.2335.30±1.3036.55±1.6931.90±1.33
模型组32.25±1.4833.95±1.7435.75±1.9235.30±1.9730.50±1.40
阳性组32.55±1.8033.40±1.7134.65±1.6732.80±1.30##28.25±1.53##
桑寄生茶低剂量组32.75±2.5133.75±0.8235.25±1.3235.75±2.1530.65±1.33
桑寄生茶中剂量组32.05±1.2833.30±1.3435.00±1.8935.60±1.4930.30±0.82
桑寄生茶高剂量组31.45±1.6733.50±1.4335.50±2.1934.95±2.0530.20±1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1320882810643140948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

桑寄生茶水提物对HUA小鼠体重的影响(x±s,n=10,g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别第1 d第3 d第5 d第7 d第8 d
空白组31.30±1.5833.05±1.2335.30±1.3036.55±1.6931.90±1.33
模型组32.25±1.4833.95±1.7435.75±1.9235.30±1.9730.50±1.40
阳性组32.55±1.8033.40±1.7134.65±1.6732.80±1.30##28.25±1.53##
桑寄生茶低剂量组32.75±2.5133.75±0.8235.25±1.3235.75±2.1530.65±1.33
桑寄生茶中剂量组32.05±1.2833.30±1.3435.00±1.8935.60±1.4930.30±0.82
桑寄生茶高剂量组31.45±1.6733.50±1.4335.50±2.1934.95±2.0530.20±1.41
), ArticleFig(id=1320882810760581461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of Taxilli Herba tea on organ coefficient of HUA mic (x±s, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别肝脏指数(%)肾脏指数(%)
空白组4.676±0.1481.341±0.058
模型组5.026±0.200*1.791±0.147**
阳性组5.192±0.2072.230±0.122##
低剂量组4.619±0.207##1.694±0.159##
中剂量组4.621±0.165##1.670±0.138##
高剂量组4.641±0.336##1.679±0.132##
), ArticleFig(id=1320882810857050454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

桑寄生茶水提物对HUA小鼠脏器指数的影响(x±s,n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别肝脏指数(%)肾脏指数(%)
空白组4.676±0.1481.341±0.058
模型组5.026±0.200*1.791±0.147**
阳性组5.192±0.2072.230±0.122##
低剂量组4.619±0.207##1.694±0.159##
中剂量组4.621±0.165##1.670±0.138##
高剂量组4.641±0.336##1.679±0.132##
), ArticleFig(id=1320882810932547927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of the maximum administration experiment of Taxilli Herba tea on the average food intake of mice (x±s, n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别平均摄食量(g)
空白组11.56±0.91
给茶组11.16±0.47
), ArticleFig(id=1320882811016434008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

桑寄生茶最大给药实验对小鼠平均摄食量的影响(x±s,n=10)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别平均摄食量(g)
空白组11.56±0.91
给茶组11.16±0.47
), ArticleFig(id=1320882811108708697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on body weight gain, food intake and food utilization rate of female rats (x±s, n=6, g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间指标空白组低剂量中剂量高剂量
第1周体重增长76.30±5.4274.37±4.8973.35±2.9572.08±7.62
进食量149.80±8.78149.80±10.71151.24±7.17143.06±3.40
食物利用率50.80±6.3849.72±2.9448.62±4.0448.42±8.71
第2周体重增长35.54±4.3931.01±2.1931.72±2.8936.63±5.73
进食量174.77±7.35168.82±10.97171.76±12.51165.22±2.48
食物利用率20.43±3.3718.43±1.9118.56±2.5122.31±3.73
第3周体重增长53.33±5.7651.98±3.2856.63±5.8353.59±5.63
进食量186.47±11.39174.02±15.70188.33±12.09175.96±11.10
食物利用率27.95±2.5930.06±3.7230.27±4.7932.28±3.47
第4周体重增长46.67±5.7444.10±4.0542.69±3.2643.37±5.86
进食量201.96±5.23196.23±12.94200.80±14.06195.72±7.33
食物利用率21.57±1.3922.62±3.3821.40±3.0022.16±3.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882811238732122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性实验对雌性大鼠体重增长、进食量、食物利用率的影响(x±s,n=6,g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间指标空白组低剂量中剂量高剂量
第1周体重增长76.30±5.4274.37±4.8973.35±2.9572.08±7.62
进食量149.80±8.78149.80±10.71151.24±7.17143.06±3.40
食物利用率50.80±6.3849.72±2.9448.62±4.0448.42±8.71
第2周体重增长35.54±4.3931.01±2.1931.72±2.8936.63±5.73
进食量174.77±7.35168.82±10.97171.76±12.51165.22±2.48
食物利用率20.43±3.3718.43±1.9118.56±2.5122.31±3.73
第3周体重增长53.33±5.7651.98±3.2856.63±5.8353.59±5.63
进食量186.47±11.39174.02±15.70188.33±12.09175.96±11.10
食物利用率27.95±2.5930.06±3.7230.27±4.7932.28±3.47
第4周体重增长46.67±5.7444.10±4.0542.69±3.2643.37±5.86
进食量201.96±5.23196.23±12.94200.80±14.06195.72±7.33
食物利用率21.57±1.3922.62±3.3821.40±3.0022.16±3.25
), ArticleFig(id=1320882811331006811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on body weight gain, food intake and food utilization rate of male rats (x±s, n=6, g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间指标空白组低剂量中剂量高剂量
第1周体重增长55.13±13.1252.55±5.8653.42±5.6557.37±5.13
进食量92.96±5.0589.36±6.0489.34±9.7287.37±3.49
食物利用率65.05±13.4459.06±8.3059.87±3.1765.68±5.41
第2周体重增长27.21±6.3225.06±4.9526.68±5.3423.64±6.14
进食量113.02±5.99109.38±3.01110.47±7.67112.39±0.66
食物利用率24.26±6.4123.01±5.1621.14±4.4321.03±5.45
第3周体重增长22.95±2.4624.80±4.9624.73±5.0126.33±6.23
进食量127.57±4.35120.08±5.42124.53±3.29125.09±2.60
食物利用率22.56±6.1620.62±3.7919.93±4.5422.02±6.18
第4周体重增长18.18±3.1018.42±2.5516.69±2.8316.27±2.82
进食量137.66±5.21135.10±4.08137.22±6.28138.43±3.52
食物利用率11.83±2.3913.62±1.7012.18±2.1111.77±2.29
), ArticleFig(id=1320882811452641628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性实验对雄性大鼠体重增长、进食量、食物利用率的影响(x±s,n=6,g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间指标空白组低剂量中剂量高剂量
第1周体重增长55.13±13.1252.55±5.8653.42±5.6557.37±5.13
进食量92.96±5.0589.36±6.0489.34±9.7287.37±3.49
食物利用率65.05±13.4459.06±8.3059.87±3.1765.68±5.41
第2周体重增长27.21±6.3225.06±4.9526.68±5.3423.64±6.14
进食量113.02±5.99109.38±3.01110.47±7.67112.39±0.66
食物利用率24.26±6.4123.01±5.1621.14±4.4321.03±5.45
第3周体重增长22.95±2.4624.80±4.9624.73±5.0126.33±6.23
进食量127.57±4.35120.08±5.42124.53±3.29125.09±2.60
食物利用率22.56±6.1620.62±3.7919.93±4.5422.02±6.18
第4周体重增长18.18±3.1018.42±2.5516.69±2.8316.27±2.82
进食量137.66±5.21135.10±4.08137.22±6.28138.43±3.52
食物利用率11.83±2.3913.62±1.7012.18±2.1111.77±2.29
), ArticleFig(id=1320882811553304925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on urine indexes of female and male rats (x±s, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
透明度♀澄清澄清澄清澄清
♂澄清澄清澄清澄清
颜色♀淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色
♂淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色
pH♀6.92±0.206.75±0.276.75±0.236.83±0.26
♂7.17±0.267.42±0.387.17±0.527.25±0.42
SG♀1.018±0.0031.017±0.0031.016±0.0021.016±0.002
♂1.013±0.0041.013±0.0031.014±0.0021.013±0.003
WBC♀−−−−
♂−−−−
PRO♀−−−−
♂−−−−
GLU♀−−−−
♂−−−−
NIT♀−−−−
♂−−−−
UBG♀−−−−
♂−−−−
BIL♀−−−−
♂−−−−
KET♀−−−−
♂−−−−
RBC♀−−−−
♂−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813243609438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性试验对雌性和雄性大鼠尿液指标的影响(x±s,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
透明度♀澄清澄清澄清澄清
♂澄清澄清澄清澄清
颜色♀淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色
♂淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色淡黄色
pH♀6.92±0.206.75±0.276.75±0.236.83±0.26
♂7.17±0.267.42±0.387.17±0.527.25±0.42
SG♀1.018±0.0031.017±0.0031.016±0.0021.016±0.002
♂1.013±0.0041.013±0.0031.014±0.0021.013±0.003
WBC♀−−−−
♂−−−−
PRO♀−−−−
♂−−−−
GLU♀−−−−
♂−−−−
NIT♀−−−−
♂−−−−
UBG♀−−−−
♂−−−−
BIL♀−−−−
♂−−−−
KET♀−−−−
♂−−−−
RBC♀−−−−
♂−−−−
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813344272735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on blood routine indexes of female rats (x±s, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
RBC(×1012/L)7.12±0.277.29±0.277.19±0.226.91±0.31
HGB(g/L)139.17±1.68142.67±6.06140.33±4.54135.83±5.81
HCT(1/L)43.05±1.1844.60±1.5543.93±1.3443.25±1.80
MCV(fl)60.48±1.1761.17±2.2461.07±1.2462.65±1.91
MCH(PG)19.53±0.4319.58±0.5519.50±0.3119.67±0.66
MCHC(g/L)323.33±3.72320.17±5.88320.50±2.59314.33±6.21*
CV(%)13.65±0.1613.18±0.3713.53±0.3713.30±0.57
SD(%)28.48±0.5727.80±1.6228.50±0.8828.7±1.29
WBC(×109/L)6.63±3.066.97±3.0910.17±3.696.40±2.79
NEUT(×109/L)0.82±0.171.00±0.471.16±0.47*1.03±0.59
NEUT(%)12.15±5.7015.72±7.3317.83±7.1715.78±2.17
EOS(%)1.10±0.281.65±0.791.10±0.431.12±0.52
BAS(%)0.08±0.080.05±0.050.08±0.080.08±0.04
EOS(×109/L)0.06±0.030.10±0.040.10±0.040.08±0.05
BAS(×109/L)0.007±0.0080.005±0.0050.008±0.0080.007±0.005
PLT(×109/L)750.00±53.58738.33±60.45725.50±68.81755.00±80.27
PDW(%)14.60±0.0614.60±0.0614.63±0.1014.67±0.08
MPV(fL)6.00±0.136.02±0.176.03±0.166.10±0.14
PCT(%)0.45±0.040.45±0.050.44±0.050.46±0.04
P-LCR(%)4.20±0.444.27±0.654.00±0.564.40±0.63
PT(s)17.05±0.3717.85±1.1116.52±1.4016.70±0.75
INR(s)1.43±0.041.52±0.121.33±0.04*1.40±0.07
FIB(g/L)1.97±0.792.19±0.272.26±0.142.52±0.63
TT(s)31.12±2.6248.52±18.82*39.58±6.82*35.15±8.00
Ret(×109/L)0.14±0.040.10±0.040.11±0.020.09±0.04
IRF%12.53±3.0510.65±4.0215.30±3.5011.70±1.67
HFR%0.32±0.180.13±0.200.45±0.350.37±0.58
MFR%13.40±2.3810.52±3.8514.68±3.1311.58±1.61
LFR%86.30±2.5489.35±4.0284.70±3.5088.30±1.67
Ret%1.61±0.351.39±0.561.45±0.271.28±0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813432353120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性试验对雌性大鼠血常规指标的影响(x±s,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
RBC(×1012/L)7.12±0.277.29±0.277.19±0.226.91±0.31
HGB(g/L)139.17±1.68142.67±6.06140.33±4.54135.83±5.81
HCT(1/L)43.05±1.1844.60±1.5543.93±1.3443.25±1.80
MCV(fl)60.48±1.1761.17±2.2461.07±1.2462.65±1.91
MCH(PG)19.53±0.4319.58±0.5519.50±0.3119.67±0.66
MCHC(g/L)323.33±3.72320.17±5.88320.50±2.59314.33±6.21*
CV(%)13.65±0.1613.18±0.3713.53±0.3713.30±0.57
SD(%)28.48±0.5727.80±1.6228.50±0.8828.7±1.29
WBC(×109/L)6.63±3.066.97±3.0910.17±3.696.40±2.79
NEUT(×109/L)0.82±0.171.00±0.471.16±0.47*1.03±0.59
NEUT(%)12.15±5.7015.72±7.3317.83±7.1715.78±2.17
EOS(%)1.10±0.281.65±0.791.10±0.431.12±0.52
BAS(%)0.08±0.080.05±0.050.08±0.080.08±0.04
EOS(×109/L)0.06±0.030.10±0.040.10±0.040.08±0.05
BAS(×109/L)0.007±0.0080.005±0.0050.008±0.0080.007±0.005
PLT(×109/L)750.00±53.58738.33±60.45725.50±68.81755.00±80.27
PDW(%)14.60±0.0614.60±0.0614.63±0.1014.67±0.08
MPV(fL)6.00±0.136.02±0.176.03±0.166.10±0.14
PCT(%)0.45±0.040.45±0.050.44±0.050.46±0.04
P-LCR(%)4.20±0.444.27±0.654.00±0.564.40±0.63
PT(s)17.05±0.3717.85±1.1116.52±1.4016.70±0.75
INR(s)1.43±0.041.52±0.121.33±0.04*1.40±0.07
FIB(g/L)1.97±0.792.19±0.272.26±0.142.52±0.63
TT(s)31.12±2.6248.52±18.82*39.58±6.82*35.15±8.00
Ret(×109/L)0.14±0.040.10±0.040.11±0.020.09±0.04
IRF%12.53±3.0510.65±4.0215.30±3.5011.70±1.67
HFR%0.32±0.180.13±0.200.45±0.350.37±0.58
MFR%13.40±2.3810.52±3.8514.68±3.1311.58±1.61
LFR%86.30±2.5489.35±4.0284.70±3.5088.30±1.67
Ret%1.61±0.351.39±0.561.45±0.271.28±0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813516239201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on blood routine indexes of male rats (x±s, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
RBC(×1012/L)7.45±0.287.33±0.197.29±0.257.50±0.18
HGB(g/L)141.17±8.91142.50±4.76140.67±4.63147.00±3.46
HCT(1/L)45.22±0.9945.00±1.4744.48±1.2546.30±0.69
MCV(fl)60.97±1.0361.45±2.2261.07±1.8561.77±1.46
MCH(PG)19.55±0.4719.45±0.7819.27±0.4919.57±0.39
MCHC(g/L)321.50±1.64318.33±4.37317±4.10*319.17±3.31
CV(%)15.05±0.8215.92±0.6815.13±0.5415.32±0.37
SD(%)31.57±2.0633.67±2.5531.83±1.7132.53±1.08
WBC(×109/L)10.34±1.9711.57±1.398.31±2.1010.01±2.59
NEUT(×109/L)1.55±0.392.05±0.681.38±0.521.75±0.78
NEUT(%)16.27±3.4717.60±5.3516.83±4.8918.75±5.53
EOS(%)0.65±0.380.72±0.220.65±0.370.72±0.20
BAS(%)0.13±0.080.10±0.060.12±0.120.13±0.05
EOS(×109/L)0.063±0.0470.085±0.0320.052±0.0230.077±0.033
BAS(×109/L)0.012±0.0040.012±0.0100.010±0.0090.012±0.004
PLT(×109/L)790.67±73.70815.50±54.53811.33±105.04768.67±28.76
PDW(%)14.53±0.1414.58±0.1014.60±0.0714.72±0.16
MPV(fL)6.00±0.156.13±0.206.10±0.176.18±0.26
PCT(%)0.48±0.050.50±0.040.50±0.060.51±0.10
P-LCR(%)4.38±0.364.33±0.754.33±0.434.48±0.82
PT(s)16.57±0.6616.53±0.4816.22±0.4516.47±0.71
INR(s)1.37±0.071.37±0.051.34±0.051.36±0.08
FIB(g/L)2.18±0.682.34±0.762.55±0.692.16±0.58
TT(s)33.63±3.3733.07±2.0132.40±2.2434.00±3.29
Ret(×109/L)0.19±0.050.22±0.050.17±0.040.17±0.05
IRF%22.95±3.3925.38±7.0719.70±2.7323.57±6.85
HFR%1.65±0.672.42±1.260.88±0.25*1.93±1.32
MFR%21.48±2.6922.97±6.0118.82±2.5423.03±3.40
LFR%77.05±3.3974.62±7.0780.30±2.7376.43±6.85
Ret%2.75±0.563.03±0.682.34±0.512.39±0.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813595930978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性试验对雄性大鼠血常规指标的影响(x±s,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
RBC(×1012/L)7.45±0.287.33±0.197.29±0.257.50±0.18
HGB(g/L)141.17±8.91142.50±4.76140.67±4.63147.00±3.46
HCT(1/L)45.22±0.9945.00±1.4744.48±1.2546.30±0.69
MCV(fl)60.97±1.0361.45±2.2261.07±1.8561.77±1.46
MCH(PG)19.55±0.4719.45±0.7819.27±0.4919.57±0.39
MCHC(g/L)321.50±1.64318.33±4.37317±4.10*319.17±3.31
CV(%)15.05±0.8215.92±0.6815.13±0.5415.32±0.37
SD(%)31.57±2.0633.67±2.5531.83±1.7132.53±1.08
WBC(×109/L)10.34±1.9711.57±1.398.31±2.1010.01±2.59
NEUT(×109/L)1.55±0.392.05±0.681.38±0.521.75±0.78
NEUT(%)16.27±3.4717.60±5.3516.83±4.8918.75±5.53
EOS(%)0.65±0.380.72±0.220.65±0.370.72±0.20
BAS(%)0.13±0.080.10±0.060.12±0.120.13±0.05
EOS(×109/L)0.063±0.0470.085±0.0320.052±0.0230.077±0.033
BAS(×109/L)0.012±0.0040.012±0.0100.010±0.0090.012±0.004
PLT(×109/L)790.67±73.70815.50±54.53811.33±105.04768.67±28.76
PDW(%)14.53±0.1414.58±0.1014.60±0.0714.72±0.16
MPV(fL)6.00±0.156.13±0.206.10±0.176.18±0.26
PCT(%)0.48±0.050.50±0.040.50±0.060.51±0.10
P-LCR(%)4.38±0.364.33±0.754.33±0.434.48±0.82
PT(s)16.57±0.6616.53±0.4816.22±0.4516.47±0.71
INR(s)1.37±0.071.37±0.051.34±0.051.36±0.08
FIB(g/L)2.18±0.682.34±0.762.55±0.692.16±0.58
TT(s)33.63±3.3733.07±2.0132.40±2.2434.00±3.29
Ret(×109/L)0.19±0.050.22±0.050.17±0.040.17±0.05
IRF%22.95±3.3925.38±7.0719.70±2.7323.57±6.85
HFR%1.65±0.672.42±1.260.88±0.25*1.93±1.32
MFR%21.48±2.6922.97±6.0118.82±2.5423.03±3.40
LFR%77.05±3.3974.62±7.0780.30±2.7376.43±6.85
Ret%2.75±0.563.03±0.682.34±0.512.39±0.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813713371491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on blood biochemical indexes of female rats (x±s, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
ALT(U/L)31.58±5.5731.83±3.4130.78±5.2230.20±4.57
AST(U/L)121.83±15.49125.03±22.76115.27±16.77129.25±13.54
TP(g/L)55.75±1.8555.05±3.6954.28±2.5357.61±5.91
ALB(g/L)31.57±0.9432.28±2.5431.33±1.3331.73±0.88
GLO(g/L)22.18±1.0222.77±1.3022.95±1.3525.88±5.36
A/G1.43±0.051.40±0.061.37±0.05*1.27±0.26
ALP(U/L)132.75±38.01146.65±30.95136.33±37.20128.05±28.21
BUN(mmol/L)6.80±1.267.36±1.125.79±1.515.92±0.55
CREA(μmol/L)29.70±4.2729.12±2.4926.10±3.4630.15±3.10
K+(mmol/L)4.76±0.354.85±0.214.87±0.244.81±0.18
Na+(mmol/L)140.67±1.03139.83±1.17140.33±1.51140.33±1.03
Cl−(mmol/L)106.50±1.52106.17±2.14105.00±1.79105.00±2.28
TC(mmol/L)1.66±0.071.55±0.321.69±0.241.71±0.30
TG(mmol/L)0.26±0.050.28±0.070.24±0.050.26±0.06
LDL-C(mg/dL)0.29±0.070.27±0.090.29±0.050.26±0.08
Glu(mmol/L)6.97±1.555.63±0.728.14±1.166.56±1.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813793063268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性试验对雌性大鼠血生化指标的影响(x±s,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
ALT(U/L)31.58±5.5731.83±3.4130.78±5.2230.20±4.57
AST(U/L)121.83±15.49125.03±22.76115.27±16.77129.25±13.54
TP(g/L)55.75±1.8555.05±3.6954.28±2.5357.61±5.91
ALB(g/L)31.57±0.9432.28±2.5431.33±1.3331.73±0.88
GLO(g/L)22.18±1.0222.77±1.3022.95±1.3525.88±5.36
A/G1.43±0.051.40±0.061.37±0.05*1.27±0.26
ALP(U/L)132.75±38.01146.65±30.95136.33±37.20128.05±28.21
BUN(mmol/L)6.80±1.267.36±1.125.79±1.515.92±0.55
CREA(μmol/L)29.70±4.2729.12±2.4926.10±3.4630.15±3.10
K+(mmol/L)4.76±0.354.85±0.214.87±0.244.81±0.18
Na+(mmol/L)140.67±1.03139.83±1.17140.33±1.51140.33±1.03
Cl−(mmol/L)106.50±1.52106.17±2.14105.00±1.79105.00±2.28
TC(mmol/L)1.66±0.071.55±0.321.69±0.241.71±0.30
TG(mmol/L)0.26±0.050.28±0.070.24±0.050.26±0.06
LDL-C(mg/dL)0.29±0.070.27±0.090.29±0.050.26±0.08
Glu(mmol/L)6.97±1.555.63±0.728.14±1.166.56±1.42
), ArticleFig(id=1320882813893726565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on blood biochemical indexes of male rats (x±s, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
ALT(U/L)36.43±3.1440.42±5.7034.93±3.3136.93±4.26
AST(U/L)132.57±20.63131.85±11.40130.87±16.98128.45±21.04
TP(g/L)53.61±3.6156.61±5.3256.18±5.3654.29±5.05
ALB(g/L)30.80±1.0130.67±0.5930.75±1.3330.98±1.71
GLO(g/L)22.81±2.6425.95±4.7925.43±4.2123.31±3.49
A/G1.36±0.121.21±0.191.23±0.161.35±0.13
ALP(U/L)251.20±35.58271.18±43.20230.00±36.50246.87±59.20
BUN(mmol/L)5.16±1.065.70±0.894.40±0.615.14±1.20
CREA(μmol/L)24.13±5.0522.65±1.7622.92±1.8213.07±1.18
K+(mmol/L)4.87±0.334.89±0.274.87±0.394.91±0.26
Na+(mmol/L)142.33±0.82141.83±1.60143.83±0.41*142.33±0.82
Cl−(mmol/L)106.17±0.75104.00±2.10105.67±1.97104.67±1.21
TC(mmol/L)1.23±0.111.27±0.261.20±0.201.28±0.09
TG(mmol/L)0.30±0.080.44±0.160.29±0.120.31±0.13
LDL-C(mg/dL)0.24±0.050.26±0.040.24±0.040.23±0.04
Glu(mmol/L)7.53±1.917.67±2.666.65±1.776.95±2.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320882814002778470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性试验对雄性大鼠血生化指标的影响(x±s,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
ALT(U/L)36.43±3.1440.42±5.7034.93±3.3136.93±4.26
AST(U/L)132.57±20.63131.85±11.40130.87±16.98128.45±21.04
TP(g/L)53.61±3.6156.61±5.3256.18±5.3654.29±5.05
ALB(g/L)30.80±1.0130.67±0.5930.75±1.3330.98±1.71
GLO(g/L)22.81±2.6425.95±4.7925.43±4.2123.31±3.49
A/G1.36±0.121.21±0.191.23±0.161.35±0.13
ALP(U/L)251.20±35.58271.18±43.20230.00±36.50246.87±59.20
BUN(mmol/L)5.16±1.065.70±0.894.40±0.615.14±1.20
CREA(μmol/L)24.13±5.0522.65±1.7622.92±1.8213.07±1.18
K+(mmol/L)4.87±0.334.89±0.274.87±0.394.91±0.26
Na+(mmol/L)142.33±0.82141.83±1.60143.83±0.41*142.33±0.82
Cl−(mmol/L)106.17±0.75104.00±2.10105.67±1.97104.67±1.21
TC(mmol/L)1.23±0.111.27±0.261.20±0.201.28±0.09
TG(mmol/L)0.30±0.080.44±0.160.29±0.120.31±0.13
LDL-C(mg/dL)0.24±0.050.26±0.040.24±0.040.23±0.04
Glu(mmol/L)7.53±1.917.67±2.666.65±1.776.95±2.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320882814099247463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Effects of subacute oral toxicity test of Taxilli Herba tea on organ coefficients of female and male rats (x±s, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脏器系数
(%)
性别空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
心脏♀0.320±0.0170.354±0.0380.812±1.1800.360±0.024
♂0.338±0.0320.343±0.0500.363±0.0260.381±0.035
肝脏♀3.157±0.3593.044±0.1752.742±1.1632.961±0.112
♂2.838±0.1012.977±0.1203.008±0.1692.963±0.311
脾脏♀0.225±0.0270.219±0.0360.221±0.0360.213±0.043
♂0.193±0.0190.245±0.0670.198±0.0230.217±0.038
肺脏♀0.475±0.0310.509±0.0870.477±0.0250.453±0.048
♂0.397±0.0370.405±0.0370.397±0.0170.370±0.020
肾脏♀0.680±0.0360.683±0.0520.760±0.0530.698±0.054
♂0.706±0.0230.693±0.0260.728±0.0660.680±0.040
胸腺♀0.225±0.0410.211±0.0260.223±0.0240.217±0.025
♂0.163±0.0440.160±0.0360.165±0.0430.165±0.047
肾上腺♀0.022±0.0080.028±0.0030.024±0.0030.026±0.004
♂0.017±0.0100.012±0.0040.015±0.0050.017±0.005
卵巢♀0.058±0.0040.060±0.0040.060±0.0160.052±0.005*
睾丸♂0.882±0.1000.908±0.0481.028±0.1450.900±0.065
), ArticleFig(id=1320882814183133544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882793480048866, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

桑寄生茶亚急性经口毒性试验对雌雄大鼠脏器系数的影响(x±s,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脏器系数
(%)
性别空白组低剂量组中剂量组高剂量组
心脏♀0.320±0.0170.354±0.0380.812±1.1800.360±0.024
♂0.338±0.0320.343±0.0500.363±0.0260.381±0.035
肝脏♀3.157±0.3593.044±0.1752.742±1.1632.961±0.112
♂2.838±0.1012.977±0.1203.008±0.1692.963±0.311
脾脏♀0.225±0.0270.219±0.0360.221±0.0360.213±0.043
♂0.193±0.0190.245±0.0670.198±0.0230.217±0.038
肺脏♀0.475±0.0310.509±0.0870.477±0.0250.453±0.048
♂0.397±0.0370.405±0.0370.397±0.0170.370±0.020
肾脏♀0.680±0.0360.683±0.0520.760±0.0530.698±0.054
♂0.706±0.0230.693±0.0260.728±0.0660.680±0.040
胸腺♀0.225±0.0410.211±0.0260.223±0.0240.217±0.025
♂0.163±0.0440.160±0.0360.165±0.0430.165±0.047
肾上腺♀0.022±0.0080.028±0.0030.024±0.0030.026±0.004
♂0.017±0.0100.012±0.0040.015±0.0050.017±0.005
卵巢♀0.058±0.0040.060±0.0040.060±0.0160.052±0.005*
睾丸♂0.882±0.1000.908±0.0481.028±0.1450.900±0.065
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冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸作用及安全性评价
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刘佳莉 1, 2, 3 , 蒙超坚 1 , 朱其彬 1 , 梁力芳 1 , 李景云 1 , 汝梅 1, 2, 4, * , 李永华 1, 2, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(10): 412-424
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (10) : 412 -424
冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸作用及安全性评价
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刘佳莉1, 2, 3 , 蒙超坚1, 朱其彬1, 梁力芳1, 李景云1, 汝梅1, 2, 4, * , 李永华1, 2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1广西中医药大学,广西南宁 530200
  • 2特色中药民族药广西高校工程研究中心,广西南宁 530200
  • 3广西生态工程职业技术学院,广西柳州 545004
  • 4广西岑溪桑寄生科技小院,广西岑溪 543200
通讯作者:
汝梅(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:药用植物资源与开发,E-mail:。
李永华(1964−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

刘佳莉(1998−),女,硕士,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:

Uric Acid-lowering Effect and Safety Evaluation of Taxilli Herba Tea Fermented with Eurotium cristatum
Jiali LIU1, 2, 3 , Chaojian MENG1, Qibin ZHU1, Lifang LIANG1, Jingyun LI1, Mei RU1, 2, 4, * , Yonghua LI1, 2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
  • 2University Engineering Research Center of Characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnomedicine, Nanning 530200, China
  • 3Guangxi Eco-engineering Vocational and Technical College, Liuzhou 545004, China
  • 4Cenxi Sangjisheng Agri-Tech Courtyard, Cenxi 543200, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040026
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目的:针对高尿酸血症现有干预手段的局限性,结合冠突散囊菌发酵可能增强天然产物活性的特性,探究冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸作用及安全性,为开发高效低毒的天然降尿酸产品提供实验依据。方法:采用“预处理-造模同步干预”策略:小鼠先连续5 d经口灌胃冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶进行预处理,随后腹腔注射次黄嘌呤联合皮下注射氧嗪酸钾构建高尿酸血症模型的同时,持续干预3 d。检测血清尿酸(Uric acid,SUA)、肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase,XOD)活性,明确降尿酸机制;同步检测肝肾功能指标(丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr))评估器官保护效应。安全性评价采用急性毒性试验(单次灌胃,观察14 d,测定LD50)及亚急性毒性试验(28 d连续灌胃,检测体重、血生化及脏器病理切片)。结果:模型组小鼠SUA水平及肝脏XOD活性较空白组显著升高(P<0.01),且伴随ALT、AST、BUN、SCr等肝肾功能指标异常(P<0.01),证实高尿酸模型构建成功且存在器官损伤;发酵桑寄生茶各剂量组较模型组SUA水平(P<0.05)及XOD活性显著降低(P<0.01),同时肝肾功能指标同步改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),提示其通过抑制XOD活性减少尿酸生成保护脏器。安全性评价显示:雌雄小鼠经口LD50均>10 g/kg·bw,属实际无毒级;28 d连续灌胃后,各剂量组大鼠体重、血生化指标及脏器病理无显著异常。结论:冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶通过抑制XOD活性降低尿酸水平,且同步改善高尿酸诱导的肝肾功能损伤,其“降尿酸-器官保护”协同效应优于单一靶点干预,且安全性高。

桑寄生  /  冠突散囊菌  /  发酵  /  降尿酸  /  急性毒性  /  亚急性毒性

Objective: Given the limitations of current interventions for hyperuricemia and the potential of Eurotium cristatum fermentation to enhance the bioactivity of natural products, this study aimed to investigate the urate-lowering effect and safety of E. cristatum-fermented Taxilli Herba tea, thereby providing experimental evidence for developing efficient, low-toxicity natural urate-lowering agents. Methods: A "pretreatment-modeling synchronous intervention" design was adopted. Mice were first administered fermented Taxilli Herba tea via oral gavage for 5 consecutive days for pretreatment. Subsequently, a hyperuricemia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of hypoxanthine combined with subcutaneous injection of potassium oxonate, during which the fermented tea was continuously administered for three days. To elucidate its urate-lowering mechanism, serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity were measured. Concurrently, liver and kidney function indices—alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr)—were assessed to evaluate organ protection. Safety was evaluated via acute toxicity tests (single gavage of maximum concentration, with 14-day observation to determine LD50) and subacute toxicity tests (28-day continuous gavage, with measurements of body weight, hematological, biochemical, and urinary parameters, plus histopathological examination of organs to assess toxic effects). Results: Relative to the blank group, the model group exhibited significantly elevated SUA levels, hepatic XOD activity (P<0.01), and abnormal liver/kidney function indices (ALT, AST, BUN, SCr, P<0.01), confirming successful model establishment with concurrent organ damage. In contrast, all dose groups of fermented Taxilli Herba tea showed significantly reduced SUA levels (P<0.05) and XOD activity (P<0.01) versus the model group, alongside improved liver and kidney function indices (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These findings indicated that the fermented tea reduced urate production by inhibiting XOD activity and exerted protective effects on liver and kidney function. Safety evaluation revealed an oral LD50>10 g/kg·bw in both male and female mice, classifying it as practically non-toxic. After 28-day continuous gavage, no significant abnormalities in body weight, hematological, or biochemical parameters were observed in rats across all dose groups, and no test substance-related histopathological changes were detected in organs. Conclusion: E. cristatum-fermented Taxilli Herba tea exerts a significant urate-lowering effect by inhibiting XOD activity and simultaneously ameliorates hyperuricemia-induced liver and kidney dysfunction. Its "synergistic urate-lowering and organ-protective effects" outperform single-target interventions and present high safety.

Taxilli Herba  /  Eurotium cristatum  /  fermentation  /  hypouricemic effect  /  acute toxicity  /  subacute toxicity
刘佳莉, 蒙超坚, 朱其彬, 梁力芳, 李景云, 汝梅, 李永华. 冠突散囊菌发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸作用及安全性评价. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 412 -424 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040026
Jiali LIU, Chaojian MENG, Qibin ZHU, Lifang LIANG, Jingyun LI, Mei RU, Yonghua LI. Uric Acid-lowering Effect and Safety Evaluation of Taxilli Herba Tea Fermented with Eurotium cristatum[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 412 -424 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040026
高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)是一种代谢性疾病,由于嘌呤代谢紊乱导致机体内尿酸水平高于正常值,是引起痛风的关键因素[1]。我国高尿酸血症总体患病率达13.3%(约1.8亿人患病)使其超越糖尿病,已成为第二大代谢疾病[2],其不仅会引发痛风性关节炎,还与二型糖尿病[3]、慢性肾病[4]、冠心病[5]等紧密相关,严重威胁多器官健康。目前,别嘌醇、非布司他、苯溴马隆、丙磺酸等降尿酸药物虽有一定疗效,但因存在肝毒性、肾损伤、胃肠刺激等副作用[6],导致约30%的患者无法长期用药,临床应用受限。鉴于1.8亿患者中约30%因药物副作用中断治疗,且HUA治疗需兼顾降尿酸与器官保护,中医药已展现出降尿酸及安全性优势[2]。中医将高尿酸血症多归为“痹证”“痛风”“白虎历节”等范畴[7],认为该病的发生主要与外感风寒湿邪,嗜食肥甘海鲜、恣食辛辣煎炸之品及人体正气不足有关,脾胃运化失司、肝肾亏虚以致湿热、浊毒痹阻经络、筋骨、血脉等[8]。临床上应以祛风除湿、通络祛邪为主。现代营养学研究已明确,膳食因素扮演着关键角色,高嘌呤食物(如部分海鲜、红肉、动物内脏)、富含果糖的饮料(如果汁、含糖汽水)、酒精摄入以及肥胖,均是重要的可干预风险因素[9]。中医强调的“饮食不节”(尤其是嗜食肥甘厚味、海鲜)与现代营养学揭示的高嘌呤饮食、高果糖摄入及酒精等风险因素高度吻合,且肥胖状态常与中医“脾虚湿盛”相关。因此,结合中医“祛邪通络、调理脏腑”的理念和现代对膳食风险因素的认知,开发天然、安全、有效的新型抗HUA药物,成为重要的研究方向。
桑寄生是传统常用的祛风除湿药,在《神农本草经》中被列为上品,具有祛风湿、补肝肾、强筋骨、安胎元的功效。其祛湿通络而不伐正气、补益肝肾行而不滞的特点,与中医药治疗痛风“扶正祛邪”的理念高度契合[10]。桑寄生作为茶饮也具有悠久的历史,可追溯至清代《生草药性备要》,书中记载其“安胎,养血,散热,作茶饮,舒筋络,浸酒祛风。”[11]。现代药理研究表明,桑寄生茶中茶多酚与黄酮类成分是降尿酸的核心物质:茶多酚通过抑制尿酸生成、促进肾脏排泄的双重机制降低血尿酸水平[12];黄酮类化合物则靶向抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性,从源头阻断尿酸合成[13]。这种药食两用的特性,使其在痛风防治中兼具调理体质与精准降酸的双重优势,为开发安全有效的抗高尿酸血症功能饮品提供了重要依据。
冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum)是茯砖茶“发花”工艺中的核心优势益生菌,因形成金黄色菌斑而被称为“金花”。该菌在茶叶发酵过程中,不仅能显著改善风味品质[14],还可赋予产品抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌、调节糖脂代谢及肠道微生态等多重生物活性[15−18]。已有研究表明,经冠突散囊菌发酵的绿茶与莓茶,对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制活性显著增强[19]。同时,桑寄生提取物已被证实具有抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用,能够有效降低高尿酸血症小鼠的血尿酸水平,并改善肾脏功能[20]。然而,冠突散囊菌发酵能否与桑寄生提取物产生降尿酸协同效应,目前尚无研究报道。为此,本研究以桑寄生嫩叶及叶芽为原料,采用冠突散囊菌进行发酵处理,通过氧嗪酸钾联合次黄嘌呤构建小鼠高尿酸血症模型,系统探究发酵桑寄生茶的降尿酸功效。同时,结合急性毒性与亚急性毒性实验,全面评估其食用安全性,以期为功能性茶饮及相关健康产品的开发提供科学依据。
桑寄生茶 原料为桑寄生叶和叶芽,2020年9月采摘于广西梧州岑溪市桑寄生人工种植基地,寄主植物为桑树。原料经广西中医药大学郭敏教授鉴定,确定为桑寄生科植物桑寄生Taxillus chinensis(DC.)Danser的叶和叶芽;降尿酸实验使用SPF级KM小鼠(雄性,体质量范围为18~22 g,生产许可证号为SCXK(湘)2019-0004,动物批号为430727221102804014)、急性毒性实验使用SPF级KM小鼠(雌雄各半,体质量范围为18~22 g,许可证号:SCXK(湘)2019-0004,动物批号:NO.43004700038654)、亚急性实验使用SPF级SD大鼠(雌雄各半,体质量范围为180~220 g,许可证号为SCXK(湘)2019-0004,动物批号为430727221100824775) 购自湖南斯莱克景达实验动物有限公司。所有动物饲养于广西中医药大学动物中心屏障环境IVC塑料笼盒内,符合SPF等级要求。动物实验室温度维持在22~26 ℃,相对湿度为50%~70%,保持12 h光/暗循环,适应性喂养7 d;冠突散囊菌(编号:CICC2099) 中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心;别嘌醇片(批号:1220004) 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;氧嗪酸钾(批号:B2226348) 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;次黄嘌呤(批号:SLCG4177) 美国SIGMA-ALDRICH;尿酸试剂盒(批号:20221201)、肌酐(批号:20220801)、尿素氮(批号:20221130)、谷丙转氨酶(批号:20221201)、谷草转氨酶(批号:20221130)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(批号:20220722) 南京建成生物工程研究所;尿液干化学试带(试纸条) 杭州艾康生物有限公司。
SF-8050全自动凝血测试仪 北京赛科希德科技股份有限公司;URIT-500B尿液分析仪 桂林优利特医疗电子;ADYIA 2400全自动生化仪 美国西门子;BC-6900全自动血球分析仪 深圳迈瑞;YXQ-LB-30SII立式高压灭菌锅 上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司;Milli-Q型纯水系统 美国密理博;JX-CL冷冻研磨仪 上海净信实业发展有限公司;SpectraMax M5e酶标仪 美谷分子仪器(上海)有限公司;3H16R1低温高速离心机 湖南赫西仪器装备有限公司;SPX-100B-Z生化培养箱 上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司;HY45生物摇床 武汉汇诚生物科技有限公司;VD-1320-U洁净工作台 苏州安泰空气技术有限公司。
桑寄生茶的制备参照本课题组前期研究的发酵工艺[21]。具体方法为:制备冠突散囊菌孢子液,将菌株接种到PDA培养基中,在28 ℃下恒温培养7 d后刮取冠突散囊菌孢子。随后,将孢子引种至含100 mL无菌水且带有玻璃珠的锥形瓶中,设置摇床转速为180 r/min,在28 ℃下振荡培养30 min。用血球计数板进行计数,并加入无菌水将孢子液浓度调整为(1~10)×106 cfu/mL。取适量桑寄生叶,按15:1的比例加入上述孢子液,在28 ℃、75%湿度条件下培养7 d,制得发酵桑寄生茶。将冠突散囊菌发酵后的桑寄生茶分别用10、8、6倍量的纯水煎煮,保持微沸状态45 min。合并3次滤液,浓缩成浸膏,低温储存备用。使用时稀释至相应浓度。
60只雄性KM小鼠适应性喂养7 d后,称重并随机分为空白组、模型组、别嘌醇组(10 mg/kg)、桑寄生茶低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组10只。桑寄生临床最大用药量为15 g/(人·d),以正常人体重60 kg为基础,根据人与小鼠的体表面积转化法系数9.1,计算等效剂量为2.275 g/kg,以等效剂量的2.5倍、5倍和10倍作为桑寄生茶低、中、高剂量组的剂量,按生药量计算,小鼠给药量分别为5.7、11.4、22.8 g/kg。
第8 d至第12 d,各组小鼠每天同一时间灌胃相应剂量的药物。阳性组灌胃别嘌醇溶液,给茶组按剂量给予桑寄生茶提取液,模型组和空白组灌胃纯水,连续5 d,每日1次。第13 d至第15 d,除空白组给予纯水外,其余各组小鼠灌胃相应药物1 h后均采用腹腔注射次黄嘌呤(200 mg/kg)联合皮下注射氧嗪酸钾(50 mg/kg)的方式进行造模。给药体积为0.1 mL/10 g。第15 d各组小鼠造模后1 h,摘眼球取血,解剖肝、肾脏组织。
将所得血液以3000 r/min离心10 min,取上层澄清血清,按照试剂盒说明书操作,检测血清尿酸(SUA)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量。
称重后,取小鼠部分尾状叶肝脏组织,加入9倍量冰生理盐水,研磨成10%肝组织匀浆。以5000 r/min(离心半径10 cm)离心10 min,分离上清。采用黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine Oxidase,XOD)测定试剂盒测定肝脏XOD活性。
小鼠采血结束后,脱颈椎处死,剖取肝脏和肾脏,于4 ℃生理盐水洗净血渍,滤纸吸干表面水分后称其湿重,并计算脏器指数。
$ \mathrm{脏器指数(\text{%})=脏器湿重(g)/体质量(g)\times 100} $
实验结束后,取小鼠肝、肾脏于4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,经脱水、透明、石蜡包埋后,切成4~5 μm厚的切片,进行HE(苏木精-伊红)染色。在光学显微镜下观察肝、肾组织的病理形态学变化。
取KM小鼠20只,体质量18~22 g,雌雄各半。适应性喂养7 d后,按体重随机分为空白组与给茶组,每组10只。将桑寄生茶配制成灌胃针筒所能推挤的最大浓度2.73 g/mL,实验前12 h内禁食不禁水,以最大灌胃体积0.04 mL/g灌胃给药,空白组给予等容积纯水。给药后连续观察14 d各组小鼠的一般情况,包括小鼠的精神状态、自主活动、摄食、饮水等,及时记录小鼠产生的中毒症状及死亡情况。各试验组小鼠每天称重1次,记录小鼠体质量变化情况。
选取48只大鼠,体质量180~220 g,雌雄各半。按体重随机数字表将大鼠随机分为4组:空白组、桑寄生茶高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组,每组12只,雌雄各半。给茶组剂量按2020版《中国药典》中桑寄生临床给药量,按成人60 kg体重最大用量15 g计算,设置高、中、低剂量组分别为临床给药的100、50、25倍;按10 mL/kg灌胃大鼠,故分别配2.5、1.3、0.63 g/mL浓度的桑寄生茶,空白组灌胃等体积纯水,1次/d,连续灌胃28 d。
每周定时称体重一次,记录各组大鼠体质量变化,并根据大鼠的体重变化调整灌胃量。
投喂24 h后,每天同一时间称量并记录饲料投放量及饲料剩余量。实验结束后计算动物每周摄食量和每周食物利用率。
$ \mathrm{摄食量=(饲料投放量-饲料剩余量)/每笼动物数} $
$ \begin{split} & 每周食物利用率(\text{%})=\\&每周体重增长量/同期摄食量\times 100 \end{split}$
实验结束前一天,使用代谢笼收集大鼠尿液,观察尿液颜色、透明度,以3000 r/min离心10 min,去除沉渣,取上清液,通过尿液干化学试带(试纸条)检测酸碱度(pH)、尿蛋白(PRO)、尿比重(SG)、酮体(KET)、亚硝酸盐(NIT)、尿糖(GLU)、白细胞(WBC)、尿胆原(UBG)、潜血(ERY)、胆红素(BIL)指标含量,试带上含有针对不同指标的特异性试剂模块,尿液中的相应物质会与试剂发生化学反应,从而使试带颜色发生变化,通过仪器或肉眼观察颜色变化来判断指标结果。
各实验组大鼠在末次给药后禁食12 h,随后进行采血并测定以下指标:红细胞计数(RBC)、白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、红细胞体积分布宽度变异系数(CV)、红细胞体积分布宽度(SD)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、嗜碱性粒细胞计数(BAS)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(BAS%)、血小板计数(PLT)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、国际标准化比值(INR)、血小板比容(PCT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、网织红细胞绝对值(Ret)、低成熟网织红细胞比率(IRF%)、网织红细胞百分率(Ret%)、高核酸浓度网织红细胞比率(HFR%)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、低核酸浓度网织红细胞比率(LFR%)、中核酸浓度网织红细胞比率含量测定。
各实验组大鼠在末次给药后禁食12 h,随后进行采血并测定如下指标:谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、白球比(A/G)、球蛋白(GLO)、肌酐(SCr)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素氮(BUN)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(GLU)、钠离子(Na+)、钾离子(K+)、氯离子(Cl−)。
实验结束后,处死并解剖大鼠,观察各组大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、睾丸、卵巢等脏器有无异常病变,称重并计算脏器指数。取空白组和桑寄生茶高剂量组大鼠的肝脏和肾脏于4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,经脱水、透明、石蜡包埋后,切成4~5 μm厚的切片,进行HE染色。通过光学显微镜观察肝、肾组织的病理形态学变化。
采用SPSS 25.0统计软件对数据进行分析,实验数据以平均值±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较用单因素方差分析,P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著。
在整个实验过程中,别嘌醇组(10 mg/kg)小鼠的体毛随着造模时间的延长,逐渐由光泽变得干枯,且出现精神萎靡、活动减少等现象。其余各组小鼠在给药及造模期间,皮毛白而润泽,饮食未见异常,活动自如,一般状态良好,未出现死亡现象。
桑寄生茶水提物对HUA小鼠体重的影响见表1。实验期间,各组小鼠体重均有所增加。模型组与空白组相比,小鼠体重变化无显著性差异,说明腹腔注射次黄嘌呤联合皮下注射氧嗪酸钾造模未对小鼠体重造成影响。阳性组给药期间,体重与模型组比较无显著性差异,但从给药的第7 d(即造模的第2 d)起体重开始下降,并显著低于模型组(P<0.01),反映阳性药物对HUA小鼠体重具有调控作用。桑寄生茶各剂量组与模型组相比,小鼠体重变化也没有显著性差异,提示桑寄生茶水提物在本实验剂量范围内对HUA小鼠体重无明显干预效果,其作用可能集中于其他代谢指标的调节。
桑寄生茶水提物对HUA小鼠脏器指数的影响见表2。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠的肝脏和肾脏系数均显著升高(P<0.05),肉眼可见肾脏水肿,提示高尿酸血症可造成小鼠肝、肾损伤。与模型组相比,阳性组肝脏指数无显著性差异(P>0.05),但肾脏指数显著升高(P<0.01),表明别嘌醇可加重HUA小鼠的肾脏损伤。桑寄生茶各剂量组的肝脏指数均显著低于模型组(P<0.01),且与空白组相近;肾脏指数虽高于空白组,但显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。该结果表明,发酵后桑寄生茶水提物可有效抑制HUA小鼠肝、肾指数的异常升高,对高尿酸血症引起的脏器损伤具有潜在保护作用,且不同剂量间效果无明显剂量依赖性差异。
桑寄生茶对HUA小鼠血清尿酸(SUA)、肌酐(SCr)及尿素氮(BUN)的影响如图1所示。与空白组相比,模型组SUA、SCr、BUN水平均显著(P<0.01)升高,其中SUA增幅达11.22倍,提示高尿酸血症模型构建成功且伴随肾功能损伤。阳性对照组(别嘌醇)虽使SUA较模型组显著降低93.15%(P<0.01),但同时显著升高BUN和SCr(P<0.05或P<0.01),表明其在强效降尿酸的同时可能加重肾脏负担,这与张秋珍等[22]关于降尿酸药物的安全性分析结果一致,提示西药可能存在肾损伤风险。与模型组相比,桑寄生茶各剂量组均显著降低SUA(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性,高剂量组降幅达44.02%;同时,各剂量组SCr和BUN较模型组均显著降低(分别降低22.5%和15.2%,P<0.05),且剂量间无统计学差异。这一结果进一步证实,桑寄生茶在降低尿酸的同时可改善肾功能,且无类似阳性药的肾脏副作用,体现其“降尿酸-护肾”的协同优势。
桑寄生茶对HUA小鼠血清天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)的影响如图2所示。与空白组相比,模型组AST和ALT水平均显著升高(P<0.01),表明高尿酸血症造模成功,且引发肝细胞损伤,导致血清转氨酶异常释放。阳性对照组(别嘌醇)对AST有降低但不显著(P>0.05),对ALT有显著降低(P<0.01),其可能优先作用于肝细胞膜保护或胞质酶活性调节,而对线粒体损伤(AST主要源于线粒体)的修复效果较弱,导致AST与ALT响应不同步。桑寄生茶的干预效果更具优势:除中剂量组可能受个体差异影响无显著差异外,低、高剂量组均显著降低AST(P<0.05或P<0.01);所有剂量组均极显著降低ALT(P<0.01),呈现“ALT全剂量有效”特征,表明其对肝细胞损伤的改善更全面,尤其在调节肝细胞膜稳定性(关联ALT)方面具有普适性。
黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)是参与体内嘌呤代谢生成尿酸的关键酶,在高尿酸血症(HUA)的发展中起核心作用。桑寄生茶HUA小鼠肝脏组织XOD活性的影响如图3所示:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏组织中XOD活性极显著升高(P<0.01),表明成功构建了HUA小鼠模型,高尿酸状态下肝脏XOD活性异常增强,推动尿酸过量生成。与模型组相比,阳性组(别嘌呤)和桑寄生茶各剂量组的XOD活性降低均极显著降低(P<0.01),表明两者均能有效抑制XOD活性,进而减少血清尿酸形成,改善高尿酸血症。别嘌醇作为XOD的不可逆抑制剂,通过与钼蝶呤形成共价键抑制酶活;桑寄生茶对XOD的抑制作用可能是活性成分靶向酶活、调控肝脏微环境及修复肝细胞功能的协同结果,为高尿酸血症的天然干预提供了兼具机制创新性与临床转化潜力的研究方向。
桑寄生茶对HUA小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织形态的影响如图4~图6所示。空白组小鼠肝脏、肾脏表面光滑且分别呈鲜红色和暗红色,模型组小鼠肝脏体积膨大,色泽晦暗(暗红偏紫),边缘钝圆,提示肝淤血/水肿;肾脏色泽浅淡、表面干涩,提示肾间质病变(炎症/纤维化)。各给药组小鼠的肝脏色泽、体积及肾脏色泽、表面光滑程度均有不同程度改善,其中桑寄生茶通过剂量依赖性调节,从缓解肝淤血、肾间质修复层面改善了器官外观(图4),体现其对高尿酸血症引发的肝、肾形态损伤的改善作用。
各组小鼠肝脏HE染色结果(图5)显示:空白组肝组织正常,肝小叶完整,肝细胞形态规则。模型组肝小叶紊乱、肝索无序,窦周隙增宽,肝细胞广泛气球样变,核固缩,伴炎细胞浸润及坏死灶。阳性组(别嘌醇)肝小叶结构基本恢复,肝细胞肿胀减轻,无炎症及坏死。桑寄生茶呈剂量依赖性改善:低剂量组肝小叶部分修复,肝细胞轻度肿胀,炎细胞浸润缩小;中剂量组肝小叶清晰,肝细胞形态接近正常,无炎细胞;高剂量组与空白组无显著差异。综上,桑寄生茶通过调节氧化应激、炎症及凋亡,逐步修复HUA诱导的肝损伤,病理改善与生化指标(AST、ALT、XOD)一致,体现多靶点优势。
各组小鼠肾脏HE染色(图6):空白组肾组织正常,肾小球、肾小管及间质无异常。模型组肾小球病变(系膜增生、萎缩/硬化),肾小管管腔异常、上皮损伤(坏死、空泡化),伴炎细胞浸润、间质纤维化及坏死灶、管型。阳性组病变减轻(系膜增生、炎细胞及纤维化均改善)。桑寄生茶呈剂量依赖性修复:低剂量病变轻(系膜轻度增生,肾小管及炎细胞改善);中/高剂量接近正常,高剂量结构完整。综上,其剂量依赖性修复肾损伤,阻断“结晶-炎症-纤维化”级联,与血清指标一致,体现多靶点优势。
连续观察14 d,给茶组与空白组小鼠的精神状态均无异常,小鼠毛色光泽,无干枯现象,食欲良好,活动敏捷。瞳孔无异常,眼睛明亮,大小便正常。鼻、眼、口腔均无异常分泌物,未出现明显毒性反应,也无小鼠死亡。
对小鼠体重及摄食量的影响如图7和表3所示。在14 d的观察期间,小鼠平均每天摄食量及体重增长情况良好。给茶组与空白组相比,体重无显著性差异(P>0.05),表明桑寄生茶对小鼠体重及摄食量未产生不良影响。
各脏器指数及组织形态学观察结果(图8)表明,桑寄生茶组与空白组心、肝、脾、肺、肾指数均无统计学差异(P>0.05),且脏器未见明显病理改变,提示桑寄生茶对实验小鼠脏器无毒性影响。
实验前后,各组大鼠眼部检查未见异常。在28 d亚急性毒性实验过程中,各组大鼠活动正常,眼、鼻、口无分泌物,无肿胀;毛发光滑,黏膜无充血、水肿,精神状态良好,未出现中毒表现,且未见动物死亡。结果表明,桑寄生茶对大鼠的一般自主生理活动未见不良影响。
对大鼠体重的影响如图9和图10所示。实验期间,各组大鼠生长状况良好。与空白组相比,寄生茶各剂量组雌、雄大鼠体重变化均无统计学差异(P>0.05),说明桑寄生茶对大鼠生长状况无不良影响。
体重增长、进食量及食物利用率是反映动物整体健康状态、消化系统功能及毒性效应的关键指标。对大鼠摄食量及食物利用率的影响如表4和表5所示。与空白组比较,桑寄生茶各剂量组雌、雄性大鼠体重增长、每周进食量及每周食物利用率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。桑寄生茶在低-高剂量范围内未显著抑制大鼠摄食量、体重增长和食物利用率,未引起显著生长抑制或营养吸收障碍。结合指标波动及恢复趋势,提示其安全剂量范围较宽;高剂量作为试验最高暴露水平,未观察到受试物相关毒性反应(上述指标与空白组无差异,且无其他毒性表现),故将高剂量确定为无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL)。
尿液指标是反映肾功能、泌尿系统健康及代谢状态的关键标准。对大鼠尿液的检测指标如表6所示。所有组别的雌雄大鼠尿液透明度均为“澄清”,颜色均为“淡黄色”,各组间无差异,表明桑寄生茶各剂量未改变大鼠尿液的基本外观特征。雌鼠尿pH6.75~6.92、雄鼠pH7.17~7.42,均符合正常范围(pH5.5~8.0)且组间无差异,表明桑寄生茶未干扰酸碱平衡(肾脏的重要调节功能)。所有组大鼠的白细胞(WBC)、蛋白质(PRO)、红细胞(RBC)、葡萄糖(GLU)等均为阴性(-),排除了蛋白尿阳性、血尿阳性、白细胞尿阳性等潜在有害效应。综上,在本试验条件下,桑寄生茶各剂量亚急性经口暴露对雌雄大鼠的尿液指标均无显著影响,未见与尿液相关的毒性效应。
血常规指标是评估受试物对实验动物造血系统及相关生理功能影响的核心指标之一,为评估受试物的毒性靶器官(如骨髓)、毒性程度及可逆性提供关键依据。对大鼠血液学指标的检测的结果如表7~表8所示。与空白组相比,高剂量组雌性大鼠的平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)显著降低(P<0.05);中剂量组粒细胞计数(NEUT)显著升高(P<0.05);中剂量组雌性大鼠的PT国际标准化比值(INR)显著降低(P<0.05);低剂量组与中剂量组大鼠的凝血酶时间(TT)显著增加(P<0.05);中剂量组雄性大鼠平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)显著降低(P<0.05);高核酸浓度网织红细胞比率(HFR%)显著降低(P<0.05);其余各项血常规指标与空白组相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。总之,桑寄生茶亚急性经口给药后,仅对雌雄大鼠的部分血常规指标产生统计学显著影响(如MCHC、NEUT、TT等),但多数指标(如RBC、HGB、WBC、PLT等)无显著变化,且部分显著变化的指标(如TT)无明确剂量依赖性,变化幅度较小。总体而言,桑寄生茶在试验剂量下对大鼠血常规的影响有限。
血液生化指标是评估受试物对实验动物重要器官功能、代谢平衡及潜在毒性作用的核心依据。对大鼠血液生化学的检测结果如表9、表10所示。与空白组相比,中剂量组雌性大鼠的白球比显著降低(P<0.05);中剂量组雄性大鼠的钠离子(Na+)浓度显著升高(P<0.05);其余各项血生化指标与空白组相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在本试验剂量范围内,桑寄生茶对雌雄大鼠的血生化指标影响极小,仅雌性中剂量组A/G轻微降低、雄性中剂量组Na+轻微升高,且均为孤立指标,其他相关指标无异常支持,未观察到桑寄生茶对大鼠肝肾功能、蛋白质代谢、电解质平衡、脂质代谢或血糖调节的明显毒性作用,不具备明确的毒理学意义。
脏器系数是反映脏器生长发育、萎缩或肿大的重要指标,可间接提示毒物对特定器官是否存在潜在毒性(如增生、萎缩、损伤等)。对大鼠脏器系数的影响如表11所示。与空白组相比,桑寄生茶高剂量组对雌性大鼠卵巢指数有显著降低(P<0.05),空白组的卵巢系数在0.051~0.061之内,而桑寄生茶高剂量组雌性大鼠的卵巢系数,仍在此范围内。卵巢系数的差异可能由个体差异所致。除卵巢系数外,各剂量组雌性大鼠的其他脏器均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结合日常表现、饮食及体重分析,该变化无生物学和毒理学意义。各剂量组雄性大鼠的各脏器均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,桑寄生茶亚急性经口暴露对大鼠多数脏器无明显毒性。
雌雄大鼠的肝、肾脏组织病理切片如图11所示。对所有大鼠进行大体解剖观察,结果显示各脏器质地柔软,色泽正常,均未发现明显异常。因此,仅对高剂量组和空白组大鼠的肝、肾进行组织病理学检查。高剂量组的大鼠脏器病理切片镜检与空白组相比,未出现异常改变,无生物学意义,故未对其他大鼠脏器的组织进行病理学检查。从组织病理学水平分析, 桑寄生茶高剂量组(雌、雄)大鼠的肝、肾组织未出现明显病理损伤(如肝细胞变性/坏死、肾小管损伤、炎症浸润、结构紊乱等),与空白组相比,组织形态和细胞结构基本一致。综上,从组织病理学水平可见,桑寄生茶高剂量组(雌、雄)大鼠的肝、肾组织均未出现明显病理损伤,进一步证实其在高剂量下对大鼠肝、肾功能无器质性损害,支持其安全性。
高尿酸血症(HUA)以血清尿酸(SUA)代谢紊乱为核心,不仅诱发痛风性关节炎,更通过“高尿酸-氧化应激-炎症”轴累及肝肾,形成“代谢异常-脏器损伤”恶性循环[1]。当前临床常用降尿酸药物虽能快速调控SUA水平,但单一靶点干预常伴随肝肾负担加重等局限,而中医药以“整体调节、多成分协同”为特征,为HUA的安全长效干预提供了独特视角。本研究系统探讨冠突散囊菌发酵后的桑寄生茶对HUA的干预效应,从机制解析、脏器保护及安全性验证三个维度,揭示其作为天然干预剂的科学价值。
尿酸代谢稳态失衡的关键环节在于生成与排泄的失衡,其中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)作为嘌呤代谢通路的限速酶,通过催化次黄嘌呤→黄嘌呤→尿酸的级联反应,直接决定内源性尿酸合成速率[23−24]。本研究采用氧嗪酸钾(阻断尿酸分解)与次黄嘌呤(促进尿酸生成)联合造模[25],成功构建了能模拟HUA“生成亢进+排泄受阻”特征的动物模型,模型组SUA水平显著升高且伴随肝脏XOD活性增强,为干预机制研究奠定了病理生理学基础。本研究证实,桑寄生茶可显著降低HUA小鼠肝脏XOD活性(P<0.01),并剂量依赖性降低SUA(P<0.05),直接证实其通过抑制XOD从源头减少尿酸生成。相较于单纯促进排泄的干预方式,抑制XOD可从源头减少尿酸生成,更符合HUA“生成过多型”的核心病理特征,为其针对性干预提供了酶学水平的实验依据。
HUA对脏器的损伤具有“双向交互性”:肾脏排泄功能障碍会加剧尿酸潴留,而肝脏代谢紊乱则进一步增强XOD活性,形成“高尿酸-脏器损伤-代谢失衡”的病理闭环[26−27]。别嘌醇对肾功能的影响因模型病理特征而异:在急性尿酸盐晶体沉积模型中,其快速降尿酸导致晶体大量排泄,加重肾小管负荷,使BUN、SCr升高;而尿酸性肾病模型以慢性炎症和纤维化为核心,别嘌醇通过降尿酸+抗炎减轻炎症与纤维化,改善肾功能,BUN、SCr下降[28]。本研究证实桑寄生茶在降尿酸的同时,展现出对肝肾功能的协同保护效应,体现天然产物多靶点调节的独特优势;具体而言,在肾脏保护层面,作为尿酸排泄的核心器官,肾脏滤过功能与转运蛋白调控直接决定尿酸清除效率,实验显示桑寄生茶中、高剂量组均能极显著降低血清SCr、BUN水平(P<0.01,P<0.05),肾脏指数恢复至接近空白组,且与肾脏病理中“肾小球结构修复、间质纤维化减轻”的特征一致,这与熊心怡等[29]发现的“蛹虫草通过调节尿酸转运蛋白促进排泄”及田璐[30]证实的“地锦草改善肾脏代谢功能”相呼应,提示其可能通过“修复肾小球滤过屏障+调控URAT1、ABCG2等尿酸转运蛋白”的双重途径增强清除能力,打破“高尿酸-肾损伤”恶性循环;在肝脏保护层面,作为XOD主要表达场所,肝脏细胞结构完整性(关联ALT释放)与线粒体功能(关联AST释放)是嘌呤代谢稳态的基础[31],桑寄生茶呈现“层级化修复”特征:全剂量组极显著降低ALT(P<0.01)以维持肝细胞膜稳定性,低、高剂量组显著降低AST(P<0.05或P<0.01)以修复线粒体损伤,与肝脏病理中“肝细胞气球样变消退、肝小叶结构恢复”协同证实对肝细胞“膜-细胞器”的双重保护,相较于西药仅能改善单一转氨酶指标的局限,其全面修复能力更契合肝脏代谢调节的综合角色,为打破“高尿酸-肝损伤-XOD活性增强”闭环提供关键支撑。
明确其对肝肾功能的保护效应后,其安全性评价是推动临床转化的关键环节。急性经口毒性显示LD50>10 g/kg·bw,依据GB 15193.3-2014《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》,符合“实际无毒级”标准。亚急性毒性(28 d给药)中,各剂量组大鼠体质量、摄食量无异常,未出现中毒体征;剖检及病理切片显示肝、肾等关键脏器无器质性损伤(如肝细胞坏死、肾小球硬化);雌性中剂量组MCHC等个别指标波动,结合OECD指南(TG407)判定为生理波动——因无剂量依赖性、未超空白组95%置信区间且无关联指标异常,排除毒理学意义。更重要的是,无可见有害作用剂量(NOAEL)>25 g/kg·bw,为人体推荐量(0.25 g/kg·bw)的100倍以上,安全边际远超功能食品常规要求(≥10倍),既保障短期应用安全,也为长期摄入风险评估预留充足空间,显著降低产业化转化的安全隐患。
本研究揭示了冠突散囊菌发酵后桑寄生茶“降尿酸-护肝肾-安全性”的协同效应:通过抑制XOD从源头减少尿酸生成,同时修复肝肾功能以增强代谢废物清除,为天然产物干预HUA提供了“代谢调节-器官保护”双维度的新范式。相较于同类研究,桑寄生茶作为广西传统保健茶,兼具“药食同源”特性与悠久应用历史,其高安全性与明确功效的结合,更易被接受为日常干预手段。但是本研究活性成分未明确、分子机制待深入、缺乏人体数据,未来研究聚焦于:a.分离鉴定抑制XOD及肝肾保护的核心成分(如黄酮类),明确构效关系;b.通过基因编辑、分子对接解析URAT1、NF-κB等靶点调控机制;c.开展阶梯剂量临床试验,验证人群效应与安全性。这些工作将推动其从传统饮品升级为“机制明确的功能产品”,为HUA天然干预提供新选择。
本研究通过氧嗪酸钾联合次黄嘌呤构建HUA小鼠模型,证实冠突散囊菌发酵后桑寄生茶可通过抑制肝脏XOD活性减少尿酸生成、降低SUA水平,同时逆转高尿酸诱导的肝肾功能损伤(改善AST、ALT、Cr、BUN及肝/肾脏器指数异常),体现“降尿酸-肝肾保护”的协同效应。急性毒性试验显示其经口LD50>10 g/kg·bw(属实际无毒级),亚急性毒性试验中,各剂量组大鼠生理状态、血生化及病理形态无明确毒理异常,个别指标轻微波动因无剂量依赖性、未超出空白组95%置信区间且无关联指标异常判定为生理波动,未观察到有害作用的剂量(NOAEL)≥25 g/kg·bw(为参考膳食指南及传统习惯推导的人体推荐摄入量0.25 g/kg·bw的100倍以上),安全性充足。综上,桑寄生茶为开发新食品原料、抗痛风功能性保健食品提供了实验依据,后续需进一步鉴定有效成分、验证长期毒性及开展临床研究,推动其从传统饮品向精准功能产品升级,为高尿酸血症天然干预提供新方案。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040026
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
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    1广西中医药大学,广西南宁 530200
    2特色中药民族药广西高校工程研究中心,广西南宁 530200
    3广西生态工程职业技术学院,广西柳州 545004
    4广西岑溪桑寄生科技小院,广西岑溪 543200

通讯作者:

汝梅(1987−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:药用植物资源与开发,E-mail:。
李永华(1964−),男,博士,研究员,研究方向:中药质量控制与中药资源开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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