Article(id=1320886385268081387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882506312826993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853455130, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853455130, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853455130, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853455130, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882506312826993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='525', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852530314, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852530314, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=56, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886385469407980, articleId=1320886385268081387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Fabrication and Stabilization of Hyperoside-Soybean Hydrophobic Peptide Nanocomplex, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hyperoside (HYP), a flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, has limited applications in pharmaceutical development and functional foods because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, hyperoside-loaded soybean hydrophobic peptide-based nanocomplexes (SPN-HYP) were prepared using a pH-driven method. The optimal HYP loading concentration was determined, and the physicochemical properties and bioaccessibility of the resulting nanocomplexes were systematically characterized. The results showed that soybean peptide hydrophobic aggregates could be used to construct HYP-loaded nanocomplexes, thereby improving the water solubility and stability of HYP. The nanoparticle dispersion was yellow in appearance, with an encapsulation efficiency above 90%, a loading capacity of 18.88%±0.033%, and a particle size ranging from 160 to 180 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of HYP into SPN. After storage at 4 ℃ for 15 days, the particle size variation remained below 10%. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that the bioaccessibility of HYP in the SPN-HYP system was significantly higher than that of free HYP (P<0.05). In addition, the SPN-HYP system effectively preserved the antioxidant activity of HYP and improved its stability and bioaccessibility during gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, the soybean hydrophobic peptide-based nano-delivery system shows promising potential for enhancing the application of hyperoside in functional foods and pharmaceutical development.

, authors=Xiaoyun XU1, Yangkai SHI1, Yuanhong ZHANG1, Limei YU1, 2, *, authorsList=Xiaoyun XU, Yangkai SHI, Yuanhong ZHANG, Limei YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Limei YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886389370110719, articleId=1320886385268081387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=金丝桃苷-大豆疏水肽基纳米复合物制备及其稳定性, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

金丝桃苷(Hyperoside,HYP)具有优异的抗氧化、抗肿瘤及消炎等生物活性,但其水溶性差、生物利用度低等问题制约了其在药物开发和功能性食品领域的应用。本研究采用pH驱动法制备金丝桃苷-大豆疏水肽基纳米复合物(Hyperoside-loaded soybean hydrophobic peptide-based nanocomplexes,SPN-HYP),确定荷载金丝桃苷最佳浓度,并系统表征其理化性质及生物可及性。结果表明,利用大豆多肽疏水聚集体构建金丝桃苷纳米复合体系,提高了其水溶性和稳定性。纳米颗粒溶液呈黄色,包埋率达90%以上,荷载率为18.88%±0.033%,粒径在160~180 nm之间。扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)分析以及Zeta电位结果显示SPN能成功荷载HYP;4 ℃贮藏15 d粒径变化率<10%,模拟胃肠消化实验显示,SPN-HYP的HYP生物可及性显著高于游离态(P<0.05),能较好保持HYP的抗氧化性且能提高HYP在肠胃消化中的稳定性以及生物可及性。因此,基于大豆疏水肽的纳米递送体系可提升金丝桃苷在功能性食品或药物开发中的应用潜力。

, authors=许晓韵1, 史阳凯1, 张远红1, 于立梅1, 2, *, authorsList=许晓韵, 史阳凯, 张远红, 于立梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=于立梅, authorNote=

许晓韵(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白基复合递送体系构建与乳液稳定性评价,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
于立梅(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能食品化学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=AR1mc2+0RdEi2K72OkpJXw==, magXml=s5m0hy/jdfWF+bFfyQm0UA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ykKwl2dv0yPRfKfDt9eGFg==, pdfFileSize=2245823, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=LNAqaa7hb7MvaTQnKDo+zw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ugUSwP8n71epK78+YkEyhQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320886822448775623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886385268081387, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=617614776@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886822520078793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886385268081387, authorId=1320886822448775623, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyun XU, firstName=Xiaoyun, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Zhongkai Institute of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510225, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320886822582993354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886385268081387, authorId=1320886822448775623, language=CN, stringName=许晓韵, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,广东广州 510225, bio={"content":"

许晓韵(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白基复合递送体系构建与乳液稳定性评价,E-mail:

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许晓韵(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白基复合递送体系构建与乳液稳定性评价,E-mail:

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注:不同字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图6~图9同。

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注:A、B、C分别为SPN-HYP、SPN、HYP。

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注:A. 贮藏期的溶液状态;B. 贮藏期的包埋率;C. 贮藏期的粒径。

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Size and potential of SPN-HYP composite nanoparticles

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样品粒径(nm)电位(mV)PDI
SPN169.03±5.85c−23.52±0.78b0.23±0.03a
1 mg/mL173.98±3.64b−24.45±0.78b0.25±0.02a
2 mg/mL174.92±3.99b−23.78±0.7b0.24±0.02a
3 mg/mL175.89±1.15b−22.27±1.64b0.25±0.02a
4 mg/mL193.11±7.73a−19.81±1.50a0.24±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886828064948728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886385268081387, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

SPN-HYP复合纳米颗粒粒径及电位

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品粒径(nm)电位(mV)PDI
SPN169.03±5.85c−23.52±0.78b0.23±0.03a
1 mg/mL173.98±3.64b−24.45±0.78b0.25±0.02a
2 mg/mL174.92±3.99b−23.78±0.7b0.24±0.02a
3 mg/mL175.89±1.15b−22.27±1.64b0.25±0.02a
4 mg/mL193.11±7.73a−19.81±1.50a0.24±0.02a
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金丝桃苷-大豆疏水肽基纳米复合物制备及其稳定性
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许晓韵 1 , 史阳凯 1 , 张远红 1 , 于立梅 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(10): 56-62
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (10) : 56 -62
金丝桃苷-大豆疏水肽基纳米复合物制备及其稳定性
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许晓韵(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白基复合递送体系构建与乳液稳定性评价,E-mail:

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许晓韵(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白基复合递送体系构建与乳液稳定性评价,E-mail:

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许晓韵1 , 史阳凯1, 张远红1, 于立梅1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,广东广州 510225
  • 2广东明德升科农牧有限公司,广东韶关 512026
通讯作者:
于立梅(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能食品化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

许晓韵(2001−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品蛋白基复合递送体系构建与乳液稳定性评价,E-mail:

Fabrication and Stabilization of Hyperoside-Soybean Hydrophobic Peptide Nanocomplex
Xiaoyun XU1 , Yangkai SHI1, Yuanhong ZHANG1, Limei YU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Zhongkai Institute of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510225, China
  • 2Guangdong Mingdeshengke Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Shaoguan 512026, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040017
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金丝桃苷(Hyperoside,HYP)具有优异的抗氧化、抗肿瘤及消炎等生物活性,但其水溶性差、生物利用度低等问题制约了其在药物开发和功能性食品领域的应用。本研究采用pH驱动法制备金丝桃苷-大豆疏水肽基纳米复合物(Hyperoside-loaded soybean hydrophobic peptide-based nanocomplexes,SPN-HYP),确定荷载金丝桃苷最佳浓度,并系统表征其理化性质及生物可及性。结果表明,利用大豆多肽疏水聚集体构建金丝桃苷纳米复合体系,提高了其水溶性和稳定性。纳米颗粒溶液呈黄色,包埋率达90%以上,荷载率为18.88%±0.033%,粒径在160~180 nm之间。扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)分析以及Zeta电位结果显示SPN能成功荷载HYP;4 ℃贮藏15 d粒径变化率<10%,模拟胃肠消化实验显示,SPN-HYP的HYP生物可及性显著高于游离态(P<0.05),能较好保持HYP的抗氧化性且能提高HYP在肠胃消化中的稳定性以及生物可及性。因此,基于大豆疏水肽的纳米递送体系可提升金丝桃苷在功能性食品或药物开发中的应用潜力。

金丝桃苷  /  大豆多肽疏水聚集体  /  纳米复合物  /  稳定性  /  生物可及性

Hyperoside (HYP), a flavonoid with potent antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities, has limited applications in pharmaceutical development and functional foods because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, hyperoside-loaded soybean hydrophobic peptide-based nanocomplexes (SPN-HYP) were prepared using a pH-driven method. The optimal HYP loading concentration was determined, and the physicochemical properties and bioaccessibility of the resulting nanocomplexes were systematically characterized. The results showed that soybean peptide hydrophobic aggregates could be used to construct HYP-loaded nanocomplexes, thereby improving the water solubility and stability of HYP. The nanoparticle dispersion was yellow in appearance, with an encapsulation efficiency above 90%, a loading capacity of 18.88%±0.033%, and a particle size ranging from 160 to 180 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of HYP into SPN. After storage at 4 ℃ for 15 days, the particle size variation remained below 10%. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed that the bioaccessibility of HYP in the SPN-HYP system was significantly higher than that of free HYP (P<0.05). In addition, the SPN-HYP system effectively preserved the antioxidant activity of HYP and improved its stability and bioaccessibility during gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, the soybean hydrophobic peptide-based nano-delivery system shows promising potential for enhancing the application of hyperoside in functional foods and pharmaceutical development.

hyperoside  /  soybean peptide hydrophobic aggregates  /  nanocomplexes  /  stability  /  bioaccessibility
许晓韵, 史阳凯, 张远红, 于立梅. 金丝桃苷-大豆疏水肽基纳米复合物制备及其稳定性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (10) : 56 -62 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040017
Xiaoyun XU, Yangkai SHI, Yuanhong ZHANG, Limei YU. Fabrication and Stabilization of Hyperoside-Soybean Hydrophobic Peptide Nanocomplex[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (10) : 56 -62 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040017
金丝桃苷(HYP)属于黄酮醇类化合物,存在于许多植物中包括柑橘皮、山楂、苹果等植物果实[1]。它是一种极好的自由基清除剂和金属螯合剂。近年来,由于其出色的生理和药理活性,如改善心血管功能[2]、抗癌[3−4]、抗肝肾损伤[5−6]、抗炎[7]等特有的功能活性,在食品和药品领域一直备受研究人员的关注。尽管金丝桃苷在治疗和预防人类疾病方面表现出显著的疗效和安全性,但其低水溶性和化学不稳定性导致其生物利用率极低,从而极大地限制了它们的功能特性。如何提高这些疏水性分子的水溶性和生物可及性,是食品和制药领域的研究热点。近年来,利用生物安全性载体来包封生物活性物质以提高其溶解性、稳定性和生物可及性等研究受到人们的关注[8]。
大豆蛋白是目前可用于食品加工最丰富的膳食蛋白质来源之一,由于其具有丰富的营养价值且成本较低,被广泛用于食品加工。活性肽是大豆蛋白通过生物酶解技术制备的一系列具有特定生理功能的物质[9−10]。在大豆蛋白酶解过程中,通常会发生多肽-多肽/蛋白间的疏水相互作用而聚集,生成部分不溶性的多肽聚集体(SPA),其重量可达40%[11],这部分多肽疏水聚集体通常被丢弃或作为动物饲料,这大大降低了大豆蛋白的工业价值,甚至可能造成环境污染。如何通过调控多肽疏水聚集体的性质来提升大豆蛋白的加工可利用性,已经成为当前蛋白及活性肽产业重点关注的研究方向。纳米载体材料在食品科学领域逐渐兴起,新型的蛋白纳米颗粒作为药物和营养物质的输送系统得到广泛应用。已有研究表明HYP与乳清蛋白[12]、大豆分离蛋白[13]和Janus激酶[14]等少数内源性蛋白质相互作用,这些互作的结果表明内源性生物体蛋白质能作为HYP的运载体和携带体。然而,关于探究HYP与外源性植物蛋白(大豆多肽疏水聚集体)的可能结合、包埋特性尚不清楚。本文拟选取HYP作为被递送对象,大豆疏水肽聚集体作为运载体,将HYP包封在SPA中形成复合物,并研究包封复合体纳米乳液的稳定性、微观结构和生物利用性。
工业大豆多肽疏水聚集体(SPA) 广州合诚实业有限公司友情提供,为工业大豆肽(水解度约15%)生产过程中离心得到的沉淀物直接−20 ℃冷冻保存而得;金丝桃苷(纯度>98%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;果胶(半乳糖醛酸>74%) 上海麦克林生化公司;α-淀粉酶(131 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(6.72 U/mg)、胰蛋白酶(1587 U/mg)、胆盐(纯度>95%) 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;氢氧化钠、无水氯化钙、氯化钠、氯化镁、无水乙醇、盐酸 均为分析纯,南京化学试剂股份有限公司。
H1750R高速台式冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;RT5磁力搅拌器 金城国胜实验仪器厂;ST16R离心机 美国Thermo公司;NanoBrook90PlusPALS纳米粒度分析仪 布鲁克海文仪器公司;IRAffinity-1S傅里叶红外光谱仪 岛津仪器(苏州)有限公司;UV-1780紫外可见分光光度计 岛津企业管理有限公司;蔡司sigma 300扫描电镜 德国蔡司公司。
准确称取0.1 g SPA,溶于10 mL超纯水中,室温条件下600 r/min磁力搅拌5 min,获得质量浓度为10 mg/mL SPA分散液;再采用1.0 mol/L NaOH溶液将SPA分散液pH调节至pH12.0,室温静置平衡1 h;最后使用1.0 mol/L HCl将混合液中和到pH7.0,于20 ℃下,8000 r/min离心15 min,弃去上清液,连续离心两次,所得沉淀即为大豆肽基纳米颗粒(Soy peptide-based nanoparticles,SPN)[15]。
采用pH驱动法制备[16]。准确称取0.1 g SPA,加入10 mL超纯水,室温条件下磁力600 r/min下搅拌5 min,获得质量浓度为10 mg/mL SPA分散液;使用1.0 mol/L NaOH将SPA分散液pH调节至12.0,平衡1 h;分别将10、20、30、40 mg的HYP标准品粉末缓慢加入至分散液中,在600 r/min室温条件下磁力搅拌30 min,使用1.0 mol/L HCl和1.0 mol/L NaOH将混合液中和到pH7.0,在8000 r/min,20 ℃下离心15 min,连续离心两次,以HYP的浓度将样品记为1、2、3、4 mg/mL的SPN-HYP。在4 ℃冰箱储藏用于后续测定。
精准配制浓度为0、3、6、9、12、15 μg/mL的HYP,使用紫外可见分光光度计,在波长360 nm处测定HYP标准曲线,得标准曲线为y=0.0384x+0.0202,R2=0.9928。
金丝桃苷荷载率和包埋率的测定参照杜田娇[12]的方法,稍作修改。取1.2.2离心后的沉淀物用95%乙醇溶解后转入离心管,8000 r/min、20 ℃条件离心15 min,取其上清液,避光静置15 min,在360 nm波长处,用紫外分光光度计测定吸光值,代入HYP标准曲线,计算对应的HYP的质量,使用以下公式计算HYP包埋率(EE,%)和荷载率(LA,%):
$ \mathrm{EE(\text{%})}=\frac{1-\mathrm{F}}{\mathrm{T}}\times 100 $
$ \mathrm{LA(\text{%})}=\frac{1-\mathrm{F}}{\mathrm{S}}\times 100 $
式中:T表示总金丝桃苷含量,μg;F表示沉淀中金丝桃苷含量,μg;S表示复合颗粒中肽基纳米颗粒的质量,mg。
使用pH7.0的去离子水将SPN-HYP颗粒分散液稀释10倍后,粒径及其分布、PDI、Zeta-电位采用Zeta电位及粒度分析仪在25 ℃进行测定[17]。
将冻干后的SPN、HYP和SPN-HYP均匀地黏附于导电胶上,喷金镀膜,安装于铝柱上,采用蔡司sigma 300扫描电镜观察其微观结构。
分别取适量的HYP、SPN、SPN-HYP的冻干粉,用溴化钾压片,在400~4000 cm−1波数下使用红外光谱扫描检测。
通过纳米粒径变化与观察贮藏期间外观图片来评价SPN-HYP的贮藏稳定性,参考1.2.3的方法测定SPN-HYP的包埋率来确定荷载HYP的纳米颗粒的化学稳定性。
参考白莉等[18]的方法,将200 μL游离HYP或SPN-HYP溶液与2.8 mL 0.1 mol/L DPPH乙醇溶液25 ℃下避光反应30 min,于517 nm测定吸光度,用以下公式计算DPPH自由基清除率。
$\rm DPPH清除率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{1}-{\mathrm{A}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{0}}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A0:DPPH 溶液+乙醇的吸光度;A1:DPPH 溶液+样品溶液的吸光度;A2:样品溶液+乙醇的吸光度。
参考Zhang等[11]的方法,游离的HYP及SPN-HYP的稳定性和生物可及性采用模拟胃肠消化两步法测定。将游离HYP及SPN-HYP分散液与模拟胃液按1:1体积比混合,在37 ℃,100 r/min条件下振荡消化2 h;调节pH至7.0后加入模拟肠液继续消化4 h,消化过程中每1 h取样,离心后测定HYP含量计算生物可及性,以HYP保留率评价稳定性。样品在不同消化阶段的稳定性和生物可及性分别按下式计算:
$\rm 稳定性(\text{%})=C_t/C_0\times 100 $
$\rm 生物可及性(\text{%})=C_0/C_m\times 100 $
式中,Ct 为胃消化阶段或胃肠联合消化阶段总消化相中HYP含量;C0为消化前样品中HYP的初始含量;Cm 为胃肠联合消化结束后胶束相中HYP的含量。
每个试验均重复三次。数据采用平均值±标准偏差(AV±SD)表示。应用SPSS 22.0软件进行单因素方差和皮尔森相关性分析,采用Origin 2021软件作图。P<0.05表示显著,P<0.01表示极显著。
图1、图2是SPA分散液浓度为10 mg/mL制备的复合纳米颗粒中不同浓度的金丝桃苷的荷载率和包埋率。游离的金丝桃苷水溶性较差,经pH-shifting处理形成的负载金丝桃苷的SPN纳米颗粒显示出具有明显改善溶解性的作用。随着金丝桃苷浓度的增加,EE呈现显著下降趋势(P<0.05),从96.12%±0.075%降低至83.58%±0.085%,而LA则显著上升(P<0.05),由9.61%±0.012%增加到33.43%±0.034%,2 mg/mL的荷载率为18.88%±0.033%,相当于每毫克纳米颗粒中荷载188.80 μg HYP。通过观察发现,金丝桃苷浓度为3、4 mg/mL时纳米颗粒不稳定,24 h后有沉淀析出,这可能是由于纳米颗粒荷载金丝桃苷具有饱和性,而不是芯材物质的添加量越多,包埋率越高,这与杜田娇[12]研究结果相似。并且金丝桃苷成本较高,说明适合的金丝桃苷添加量能够兼顾包埋率、荷载率及经济成本方面,因此综合考虑采用金丝桃苷浓度为2 mg/mL的复合纳米颗粒进行后续指标分析测定。
对比其他报道可得,本研究所制备的纳米颗粒具有较高EE、LA。刘艳菊等[19]制备的金丝桃苷磷脂酰胆碱/壳聚糖自组装纳米粒,包埋率和荷载率分别为84.19%和8.81%,但其在制备过程中采用了有机溶剂乙醇。张艳慧等[20]制备的金丝桃苷纳米结构脂质载体包封率可达89.92%,但载药量仅为3.37%。本研究的SPN-HYP体系在避免有机溶剂的同时,获得了较高的包封率和载药量,为金丝桃苷的递送体系提供了一种可行的新方法。
由图3可知,荷载金丝桃苷的纳米颗粒粒径分布较集中,其粒径和Zeta电位数据详见表1。SPN的粒径为169.03±5.85 nm,荷载金丝桃苷后的SPN粒径略有变化,逐渐增加,这可能是由于SPN与金丝桃苷的疏水相互作用或氢键作用力所致,当荷载的金丝桃苷浓度为4 mg/mL时粒径为193.11±7.73 nm,粒径变化较显著(P<0.05)。Zeta电位通常用于测量粒子的有效表面电荷,并提供单个粒子之间静电相互作用的信息,高Zeta电位通常被认为通过静电斥力阻止粒子聚集,从而稳定胶体分散[21],纳米颗粒的Zeta电位的绝对值大于30 mV时,纳米颗粒处于较稳定状态[22],从本研究的实验数据看,单独的SPN与荷载金丝桃苷浓度1 mg/mL和2 mg/mL的SPN Zeta电位差异不显著(P>0.05),约为24 mV,随着金丝桃苷的浓度增大到4 mg/mL,Zeta电位绝对值逐渐降低,同时粒径增大,说明此时SPN包埋具有饱和性,过高的金丝桃苷添加量可能导致纳米颗粒稳定性下降。此外,复合物的PDI值均低于0.3,说明体系分布均一[23]。因此,HYP浓度≤3 mg/mL时可以维持体系的稳定性。
通过观察HYP、SPN、2 mg/mL SPN-HYP复合物的微观形貌来了解复合纳米颗粒的微观结构,如图4。游离金丝桃苷(HYP)聚集成大的片状结构,这是由于游离的HYP几乎不溶于水,以聚集体形式存在;冷冻干燥后的SPN结构上呈颗粒状,这主要是因为pH驱动使不溶性聚集体发生了结构解离和重组装[24],SPA形成了粒径较小且分布比较均匀的大豆肽基纳米颗粒(SPN),与Pan等[25]研究蛋白纳米颗粒结果相似;荷载金丝桃苷的SPN颗粒形状与SPN相似,呈现颗粒状,但不规则体较多,颗粒有块状的结构,可能是冷冻干燥的影响,与李雪琪[26]研究负载姜黄素的乳铁蛋白-EGCG-透明质酸纳米颗粒结果相似;复合纳米颗粒粒径增大与粒径测定结果一致。
图5为FTIR观测的2 mg/mL SPN-HYP纳米颗粒、HYP和SPN纳米颗粒的相互作用力图。金丝桃苷在3447 cm−1处可能是芳烃中的C-伸缩振动吸收峰,1344、1592 cm−1处可能是金丝桃苷中苯环的C=C,伸缩振动吸收峰[12]。SPN、SPN-HYP纳米颗粒在峰1344 cm−1没有明显相似的特征峰,与原始SPN相比,SPN-HYP的红外吸收谱图在1522、1601、2355 cm−1处出现了新的吸收峰,且SPN-HYP的红外光谱图与SPN的出峰趋势相似;在1000~2000 cm−1间,SPN-HYP为SPN的峰轻微移动。SPN-HYP的峰与HYP的峰趋势不相同,复合物在3400 cm−1附近的羟基吸收带也相较SPN变强变宽,并伴随5~8 cm-1的红移,这些特征变化说明了复合物体系中的分子间或分子内氢键缔合作用可能增强,形成了新的分子间氢键网络[27]。以上变化说明HYP通过氢键相互作用成功负载于SPN纳米颗粒表面,结合扫描电镜结果中SPN-HYP颗粒形状与SPN颗粒相似的现象,说明HYP荷载在SPN上。
本文对纳米复合物的贮藏稳定性进行了研究,图6A~图6C为SPN-HYP纳米颗粒在4 ℃条件下储藏15 d的变化情况。如图可以看出SPN-HYP纳米颗粒15 d内呈较澄清的黄色液体,没有沉淀析出,说明SPN荷载HYP可以较好地提高金丝桃苷的溶解度。15 d内,SPN荷载HYP的包埋率轻微下降,15 d SPN-HYP包埋率仍然达到86.29%±0.47%,且粒径变化较小,说明SPN对HYP的荷载效果较好。同时,SPA通过疏水作用包裹HYP,且2.1.4中表面复合物分子间存在氢键相互作用,使得SPN-HYP纳米颗粒较稳定。在Han等[28]的研究中,以甲氧基聚乙二醇-b-聚(ε-己内酯)和金丝桃素为原料,采用改进的溶剂蒸发法制备纳米颗粒,经过30 d的储存,Hyp-NP中保留了91.4%的金丝桃素,水动力大小几乎没有变化,相比,SPN-HYP表现出更优异的稳定性。
图7是游离的HYP与SPN-HYP抗氧化能力测定结果。SPN-HYP与游离的HYP的抗氧化能力非常接近,这种活性保留可能归功于DPPH自由基清除活性的反应介质,反应发生在乙醇体系,游离的HYP易溶于乙醇,SPN-HYP在乙醇中也会释放出来[29],使得两种形态的HYP在DPPH自由基清除反应中实际参与反应的有效浓度基本一致。表明游离HYP被荷载后不会影响本身的抗氧化活性。该结果不仅验证了SPN作为HYP载体的生物相容性,更揭示了其“即溶即释”的可控释放特性。
通过体外模拟消化试验评价了SPN-HYP复合纳米颗粒的消化稳定性和生物可及性(图8、图9)。数据显示,胃环境下HYP包埋体系(SPN-HYP)的稳定性显著优于肠环境(P<0.05),相比游离的HYP,SPN-HYP纳米颗粒在胃肠阶段均表现出更优稳定性,在胃消化阶段和胃肠联合消化阶段分别约为游离态的 1.2 倍和 1.3 倍(P<0.05),可能是因为SPN载体对HYP荷载,以及二者的氢键或静电相互作用对HYP起到了一定的保护作用。肠胃消化过程,保留或转移在水相的HYP被认为是生物可及的,易于被肠胃吸收利用部分。通过图9可以看出,SPN-HYP纳米颗粒在胃、肠阶段转移入水相中的HYP比游离金丝桃苷多,提升142.7%(胃)和30.9%(肠),表明HYP荷载在SPN后可以提高其生物利用率;在肠消化中游离的金丝桃苷转移入水中的含量明显比在胃中提高,生物可及性增加,这与肠道弱碱性环境促进苷类物质溶出的特性一致[30]。该结果与唐岚[13]的研究形成互证,该团队构建了大豆分离蛋白和大豆可溶性多糖包埋金丝桃苷制备的三元复合物,在pH3.5模拟胃液条件下,HYP释放率仅为21.57%。分析原因为阴离子多糖与蛋白质的静电络合对抑制蛋白聚集或体内消化具有抵抗力,可作为小分子的保护屏。
大豆肽基纳米颗粒可成功荷载橙子果皮检出的主要黄酮类物质-金丝桃苷,形成SPN-HYP复合纳米颗粒,实现黄酮类活性成分的高效负载与活性提升。SPN-HYP复合纳米颗粒为溶液状态,呈黄色,包埋率为90%以上,荷载率18.88%±0.033%,粒径为160~180 nm。SPN-HYP复合纳米颗粒于4 ℃条件下贮藏15 d,粒径、包埋率及溶液状态表现较好,且SPN-HYP复合纳米颗粒可以明显地提高金丝桃苷的水溶性和生物可及性。但本论文还存在不足,在此对今后的研究方向提出展望:大豆肽疏水聚集体构建主要黄酮纳米颗粒,对金丝桃苷荷载量具有一个饱和度,且复合纳米颗粒溶液保质期也比较短,容易发霉变质,因此提高大豆肽基-金丝桃苷复合纳米颗粒的保质期及荷载量可能成为下一步的研究方向。

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2026年第47卷第10期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025040017
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
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    1仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院,广东广州 510225
    2广东明德升科农牧有限公司,广东韶关 512026

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于立梅(1973−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能食品化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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