Article(id=1320884105588359564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030291, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742486400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852911611, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852911611, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852911611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852911611, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=437, endPage=445, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884105814851981, articleId=1320884105588359564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Y46 Extended the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Enhancing Stress Resistance, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Probiotics are thought to slow aging and extend lifespan, yet their exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-aging effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Y46 (BI_Y46) using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We assessed the effect of BI_Y46 on lifespan, developmental cycle, reproductive capacity, body length, locomotion, stress resistance, lipofuscin accumulation, ROS level and gene expression of C. elegans. Findings indicated that BI_Y46 significantly extended C. elegans lifespan by 12.40% (P<0.05). Moreover, BI_Y46 significantly improved C. elegans motility while reducing lipofuscin accumulation and reactive oxygen species levels, without affecting growth, development, or reproductive capacity. Additionally, BI_Y46 enhances the nematode's resistance to oxidative and heat stress. RNA-seq analysis revealed that BI_Y46 bolstered C. elegans' antioxidant capacity by regulating cuticle integrity and drug metabolism. RT-qPCR confirmed that BI_Y46 promoted expression of the antioxidant gene gst-2. This study demonstrates that BI_Y46 extends the lifespan of nematodes by improving stress resistance, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the health benefits of probiotics and establishing a foundation for probiotic-targeted anti-aging strategies.

, authors=Liupeng WANG1, 2, Yishan JIANG1, 2, Shuangshuang HE1, 2, Xin LI2, 3, Yan WANG1, 2, Yu JI1, 2, Lili ZHANG1, 2, *, Jianchun HAN2, 3, *, authorsList=Liupeng WANG, Yishan JIANG, Shuangshuang HE, Xin LI, Yan WANG, Yu JI, Lili ZHANG, Jianchun HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lili ZHANG, Jianchun HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884109216432543, articleId=1320884105588359564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46通过提升应激抗性延长线虫寿命, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

益生菌被认为可以延缓衰老并延长寿命。然而,其具体分子机制尚未完全明确。本研究以长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46(BI_Y46)为研究对象,利用模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫探究其抗衰老机制,系统评估了BI_Y46对线虫寿命、发育周期、繁殖能力、体型、运动能力、身体摆动频率、应激抗性、脂褐素积累量、活性氧(ROS)水平及基因表达的影响。结果表明,饲喂BI_Y46后,线虫寿命显著延长了12.40%(P<0.05)。此外,BI_Y46未影响生长发育及繁殖能力,同时显著提升其运动能力(P<0.05),并减少脂褐素积累量与ROS水平。同时,BI_Y46有效增强线虫对氧化应激和热应激的抗性。RNA-seq分析表明,BI_Y46主要通过调控角质层的结构完整性和药物代谢来增强线虫的应激抗性。RT-qPCR结果证实,BI_Y46能促进抗氧化基因gst-2的表达。综上,BI_Y46可通过提升应激抗性延长线虫寿命。该发现为阐明益生菌的健康益处提供了理论依据,并为开发益生菌靶向抗衰老策略奠定了科学基础。

, authors=王刘鹏1, 2, 姜懿珊1, 2, 何双双1, 2, 李欣2, 3, 王妍1, 2, 吉宇1, 2, 张莉丽1, 2, *, 韩建春2, 3, *, authorsList=王刘鹏, 姜懿珊, 何双双, 李欣, 王妍, 吉宇, 张莉丽, 韩建春, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张莉丽, 韩建春, authorNote=

王刘鹏(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性乳制品与益生菌,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张莉丽(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能性乳制品与益生菌,E-mail:。
韩建春(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=a+eqUVuH8bslJGns78yyjw==, magXml=K9gKiWh5zdfEOECWPLrC5w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=So9/uagwj20CqE1/VTUaXw==, pdfFileSize=3060218, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jD7cxc5bbMpHJB2CJRH6fg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6jCgj/oqmb+OlEYzXa0R5g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320884109975601578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangshupeng101@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320884110130790829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, authorId=1320884109975601578, language=EN, stringName=Liupeng WANG, firstName=Liupeng, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Biomedicines, 2024, 12(7): 1467−1481., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320884121774178843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NICKOVIC V P, MIRIC D, KISIC B, et al. Oxidative stress, NOx/L-arginine ratio and glutathione/glutathione S-transferase ratio as predictors of "sterile inflammation' in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type II[J]. 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注:(A)线虫生存曲线;(B)线虫中位数寿命、平均寿命和最长寿命;*表示数据差异显著,P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=UK2xaKfdDFGBG7RUL8tBBw==, figureFileBig=jD7cxc5bbMpHJB2CJRH6fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884114685805027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of BI_Y46 on the growth and development of C. elegans, figureFileSmall=sqQux5NT/aXgNeVy0xhvlw==, figureFileBig=1ni+CgmmDNufArNTeAov0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884114748719588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图2, caption=BI_Y46对秀丽隐杆线虫生长发育的影响

注:(A)发育周期;(B)体长;(C)身体投影面积;(D)5 d的总繁殖数;(E)日均产卵数;ns表示数据差异不显著(P>0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=sqQux5NT/aXgNeVy0xhvlw==, figureFileBig=1ni+CgmmDNufArNTeAov0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884114811634149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of BI_Y46 on the aging process of C. elegans, figureFileSmall=ODVN7eF6JrYGq1iG/r+jqg==, figureFileBig=OI6q7WuZqkq1CEFMOaI2SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884114874548710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图3, caption=BI_Y46对秀丽隐杆线虫健康寿命的影响

注:(A)线虫在成年后9~19 d的运动能力;(B)身体摆动频率;(C)倒置荧光显微观察第5 d线虫体内脂褐素积累量荧光图像;(D)第5 d线虫的脂褐素相对荧光强度;ns表示数据差异不显著(P>0.05),*表示P<0.05,**P<0.01,****P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=ODVN7eF6JrYGq1iG/r+jqg==, figureFileBig=OI6q7WuZqkq1CEFMOaI2SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884114945851879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of BI_Y46 on stress resistance of C. elegans, figureFileSmall=5PwN3kghsheq+5gzSzkVaQ==, figureFileBig=cIUxDbNhwfR+CHWPGqL3Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115012960744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图4, caption=BI_Y46对秀丽隐杆线虫应激抵抗力的影响

注:(A)线虫在10 mmol/L过氧化氢中的存活曲线;(B)线虫在35 ℃环境中的存活曲线;(C)倒置荧光显微观察第5 d线虫体内ROS水平荧光图像;(D)ROS相对荧光强度;**P<0.01,****P<0.0001。

, figureFileSmall=5PwN3kghsheq+5gzSzkVaQ==, figureFileBig=cIUxDbNhwfR+CHWPGqL3Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115084263913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Differentially expressed gene analysis, figureFileSmall=xLR+08WAIEfSJOuKroNgrw==, figureFileBig=zD9wg+fBhaX5pxJOmcJMtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115172344298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图5, caption=差异表达基因分析

注:(A)火山图(BI_Y46/OP50);(B)基因聚类分析,图中横向表示基因,纵向表示样本,红色表示表达量升高,蓝色表示表达量下降,Gene Clusters为基因簇,是通过无监督聚类将表达模式相似的基因分组的结果。

, figureFileSmall=xLR+08WAIEfSJOuKroNgrw==, figureFileBig=zD9wg+fBhaX5pxJOmcJMtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115252036075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=GO functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, figureFileSmall=XoznfgDJ7Mtr9/1MQAbX3g==, figureFileBig=FJDEFuYa5RJzlIUizD10jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115340116460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图6, caption=差异表达基因GO功能富集分析

注:(A)GO富集分析柱状图;(B)GO富集分析因子图,红色代表上调,蓝色代表下调。

, figureFileSmall=XoznfgDJ7Mtr9/1MQAbX3g==, figureFileBig=FJDEFuYa5RJzlIUizD10jg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115415613933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Results of KEGG metabolic pathway for differentially expressed genes, figureFileSmall=ggYNF2pAwCw6xrWY1pgZqQ==, figureFileBig=A8i7oEPj2yd2JckriOLG0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884115482722798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图7, caption=差异表达基因KEGG代谢通路富集结果

注:(A)KEGG富集分析柱状图;(B)KEGG富集分析因子图,红色代表上调,蓝色代表下调。

, figureFileSmall=ggYNF2pAwCw6xrWY1pgZqQ==, figureFileBig=A8i7oEPj2yd2JckriOLG0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884117143667183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Results of RT-qPCR experiments, figureFileSmall=6M9MXRRhHByTwdI+v66NJQ==, figureFileBig=bw2YRF0tBEBr1K5oOHHlEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884117231747568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=图8, caption=RT-qPCR实验结果

注:A. 长寿调节途径-蠕虫信号通路图;B. RT-qPCR结果;ns为不显著(P>0.05),*P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=6M9MXRRhHByTwdI+v66NJQ==, figureFileBig=bw2YRF0tBEBr1K5oOHHlEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884117315633649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Primer sequences of the genes used in the RT-qPCR analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因
名称
前引(5’→3’)后引(5’→3’)
act-1CCCCACTCAATCCAAAGGCTGTACGTCCGGAAGCGTAGAG
ins-7TTTCTAATCAATACGATGCCACCATGAAGTCGTCGGTGCATTCT
daf-2TCGAGCTCTTCCTACGGTGTCATCTTGTCCACCACGTGTC
age-1AGTGGATTCGGAAACAATGCGGAATCGATCGACACTTTCA
daf-16TCAAGCCAATGCCACTACCTGGAAGAGCCGATGA
AGAAG
gst-2GGCCCCTCCAGGCAATGGTCTAGCCCCGCGGGCAGCGGG
), ArticleFig(id=1320884117399519730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884105588359564, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

RT-qPCR中使用的引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因
名称
前引(5’→3’)后引(5’→3’)
act-1CCCCACTCAATCCAAAGGCTGTACGTCCGGAAGCGTAGAG
ins-7TTTCTAATCAATACGATGCCACCATGAAGTCGTCGGTGCATTCT
daf-2TCGAGCTCTTCCTACGGTGTCATCTTGTCCACCACGTGTC
age-1AGTGGATTCGGAAACAATGCGGAATCGATCGACACTTTCA
daf-16TCAAGCCAATGCCACTACCTGGAAGAGCCGATGA
AGAAG
gst-2GGCCCCTCCAGGCAATGGTCTAGCCCCGCGGGCAGCGGG
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长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46通过提升应激抗性延长线虫寿命
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王刘鹏 1, 2 , 姜懿珊 1, 2 , 何双双 1, 2 , 李欣 2, 3 , 王妍 1, 2 , 吉宇 1, 2 , 张莉丽 1, 2, * , 韩建春 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(6): 437-445
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (6) : 437 -445
长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46通过提升应激抗性延长线虫寿命
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王刘鹏1, 2 , 姜懿珊1, 2, 何双双1, 2, 李欣2, 3, 王妍1, 2, 吉宇1, 2, 张莉丽1, 2, * , 韩建春2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1东北农业大学乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
  • 2东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
  • 3黑龙江省绿色食品科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150023
通讯作者:
张莉丽(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能性乳制品与益生菌,E-mail:。
韩建春(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王刘鹏(1999−),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性乳制品与益生菌,E-mail:

Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Y46 Extended the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Enhancing Stress Resistance
Liupeng WANG1, 2 , Yishan JIANG1, 2, Shuangshuang HE1, 2, Xin LI2, 3, Yan WANG1, 2, Yu JI1, 2, Lili ZHANG1, 2, * , Jianchun HAN2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 2College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • 3Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin 150023, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030291
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益生菌被认为可以延缓衰老并延长寿命。然而,其具体分子机制尚未完全明确。本研究以长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46(BI_Y46)为研究对象,利用模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫探究其抗衰老机制,系统评估了BI_Y46对线虫寿命、发育周期、繁殖能力、体型、运动能力、身体摆动频率、应激抗性、脂褐素积累量、活性氧(ROS)水平及基因表达的影响。结果表明,饲喂BI_Y46后,线虫寿命显著延长了12.40%(P<0.05)。此外,BI_Y46未影响生长发育及繁殖能力,同时显著提升其运动能力(P<0.05),并减少脂褐素积累量与ROS水平。同时,BI_Y46有效增强线虫对氧化应激和热应激的抗性。RNA-seq分析表明,BI_Y46主要通过调控角质层的结构完整性和药物代谢来增强线虫的应激抗性。RT-qPCR结果证实,BI_Y46能促进抗氧化基因gst-2的表达。综上,BI_Y46可通过提升应激抗性延长线虫寿命。该发现为阐明益生菌的健康益处提供了理论依据,并为开发益生菌靶向抗衰老策略奠定了科学基础。

双歧杆菌  /  秀丽隐杆线虫  /  抗衰老  /  应激抗性

Probiotics are thought to slow aging and extend lifespan, yet their exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-aging effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Y46 (BI_Y46) using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We assessed the effect of BI_Y46 on lifespan, developmental cycle, reproductive capacity, body length, locomotion, stress resistance, lipofuscin accumulation, ROS level and gene expression of C. elegans. Findings indicated that BI_Y46 significantly extended C. elegans lifespan by 12.40% (P<0.05). Moreover, BI_Y46 significantly improved C. elegans motility while reducing lipofuscin accumulation and reactive oxygen species levels, without affecting growth, development, or reproductive capacity. Additionally, BI_Y46 enhances the nematode's resistance to oxidative and heat stress. RNA-seq analysis revealed that BI_Y46 bolstered C. elegans' antioxidant capacity by regulating cuticle integrity and drug metabolism. RT-qPCR confirmed that BI_Y46 promoted expression of the antioxidant gene gst-2. This study demonstrates that BI_Y46 extends the lifespan of nematodes by improving stress resistance, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the health benefits of probiotics and establishing a foundation for probiotic-targeted anti-aging strategies.

Bifidobacterium  /  Caenorhabditis elegans  /  anti-aging  /  stress resistance
王刘鹏, 姜懿珊, 何双双, 李欣, 王妍, 吉宇, 张莉丽, 韩建春. 长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46通过提升应激抗性延长线虫寿命. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 437 -445 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030291
Liupeng WANG, Yishan JIANG, Shuangshuang HE, Xin LI, Yan WANG, Yu JI, Lili ZHANG, Jianchun HAN. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Y46 Extended the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by Enhancing Stress Resistance[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 437 -445 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030291
衰老是一种自然现象,随着年龄的增长,生物体的生理器官会逐渐退化[1]。这种退化过程是不可逆的,不仅会损害代谢功能,还可能引发代谢综合征等疾病,最终导致死亡。随着医疗技术的进步,以及生活水平的提高,人类平均寿命显著延长,同时老年人口比例也持续增加,到2025年,全球将有1/6的人口超过65岁[2]。老龄化不仅是人口结构的转变,还会引发诸多健康问题,例如心血管疾病、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病和癌症等[3]。这一趋势凸显了应对衰老相关健康挑战的迫切需求,亟需通过创新策略来改善衰老状况和生活质量。
体内自由基平衡失调会引发氧化应激,导致蛋白质、脂质和DNA损伤,进而促进心血管疾病、代谢性疾病、癌症和衰老的发生。过氧化氢(H2O2)作为关键活性氧(ROS),会通过芬顿(Fenton)反应转化为强氧化性的羟基自由基(·OH),加剧氧化损伤[4]。而双歧杆菌具有高水平的过氧化氢抗性,能够抑制促炎因子的产生,促进紧密连接蛋白(Tight Junction Proteins)和黏蛋白2(Mucin2)的表达,从而改善肠道粘膜损伤并缓解肠道炎症[5]。这种抗氧化和抗炎特性在抗衰老领域展现出潜力,研究表明,植物乳杆菌可通过增强肠道屏障功能、抑制促炎菌群丰度和促炎因子释放,从而有效抑制肠道炎症并延长小鼠寿命[6]。尽管双歧杆菌已被证实具有类似的生理调节作用,但其调控宿主衰老进程的具体分子机制仍待深入解析[7]。因此,系统研究双歧杆菌在衰老调控中的作用,对于制定促进健康衰老和预防年龄相关疾病的策略具有重要意义。
长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46(Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Y46,BI_Y46)是本实验室从健康婴儿粪便中分离得到的一株益生菌。前期实验表明,BI_Y46不仅具有独特的菌毛结构,能够高效利用母乳低聚糖,还表现出较强的生物膜形成能力、表面疏水性、自聚集能力、胆盐耐受能力以及抑菌能力[8]。本研究利用秀丽隐杆线虫模型,对饲喂活性BI_Y46后线虫的寿命、生长发育、健康寿命和应激抗性进行测定,并进行RNA-seq分析,旨在探究BI_Y46的抗衰老效果及其潜在调控机制。
长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46(BI_Y46) 从东北地区健康母乳喂养的婴儿粪便分离筛选获得,保存于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 20221253;大肠杆菌OP50和野生型N2秀丽隐杆线虫 美国明尼苏达州大学,明尼阿波利斯,秀丽隐杆线虫遗传学中心(CGC);LB肉汤、MRS肉汤、NGM培养基 青岛海博生物技术有限公司;L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐 分析纯,德国BioFroxx公司;活性氧(ROS)测定试剂盒 南京建成生物科技有限公司;逆转录试剂盒、qPCR试剂盒 北京全式金生物技术股份有限公司;其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
SPL-150生化培养箱 天津莱玻特瑞仪器设备有限公司;TGL-23离心机 四川蜀科仪器有限公司;GR85DA立式压力蒸汽灭菌锅 致微仪器有限公司;DM18荧光倒置显微镜 德国徕卡公司;SZM-42体视显微镜 深圳奥斯微光学仪器有限公司;ABI 7500实时荧光定量PCR仪 赛默飞世尔科技公司。
线虫按标准方法饲养于NGM固体培养基,在20 ℃恒温条件下培养[9]。利用漂白法获得同期化线虫。BI_Y46以3%接种量接种于含有0.05% L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的MRS培养基(MRSC)中,37 ℃厌氧培养袋中培养48 h,连续传代2~3次后用于后续实验。大肠杆菌OP50在LB肉汤中37 ℃、220 r/min振荡培养24 h,作为线虫的标准饲料。
为制备饲养线虫用菌苔,通过离心(2918×g,4 ℃,5 min)收集细菌,用无菌M9缓冲液洗涤2~3次,重悬并将细菌浓度调整至0.2 mg/μL备用。将细菌浓缩液按对照组(OP50组)50 μL OP50(约2.17×1010 CFU)、实验组(BI_Y46组)25 μL OP50(1.09×1010 CFU)+25 μL BI_Y46(5.60×109 CFU)的配比均匀涂布于NGM平板表面,待菌苔形成后转移30条同期化线虫进行饲养。每个处理组设置独立培养板,实验过程保持培养条件一致性。
寿命的测定按照赵娇娇等[10]报道的方法进行。按照1.2.1所述方法,每组饲养60条线虫。将同期化后处于L4时期的线虫作为起始时间(t=0 d)进行寿命测定,每天记录线虫的存活率,当线虫咽部停止抽吸且对外部刺激无反应时,即判定为死亡。对于因操作失误而死亡、意外丢失,以及在繁殖期因身体爆裂而死亡的线虫,均不计入后续数据分析。
发育周期、生殖能力和体型测定均按照赵小萌等[11]的方法进行。分别将30条同期化后处于L2期的线虫转移至OP50组或BI_Y46组的NGM平板上,用体视显微镜每30 min观察一次,首次观察到虫卵时的时间点即为发育周期;为了评估生殖能力,分别将3条同期化后处于L4期的线虫转至OP50组或BI_Y46组的NGM平板上,每24 h转移至新平板直至繁殖结束。转移后的平板培养48 h后对线虫进行计数;分别对OP50组或BI_Y46组3~8 d的线虫进行体型测定,随机挑选20条线虫,在体视显微镜下拍照,使用ImageJ软件测量其身体长度和身体投影面积。
对OP50组或BI_Y46组9~19 d的30条线虫的运动表现进行等级评定[12]。具体评定标准如下:“A级”为线虫无需外界刺激即可自发地展现出正弦运动,或在受到刺激时表现出剧烈运动;“B级”为线虫表现出不规则或不协调的运动;“C级”为线虫在受到刺激时,仅能做出头部或尾部的轻微摆动,但无法移动身体;“D级”为线虫对刺激无任何反应,即判定为死亡。
氧化应激抗性按照Kato等[13]所述方法进行。将OP50组或BI_Y46组线虫饲养5 d后,随机挑取20条转移至含10 mmol/L过氧化氢的无菌NGM平板上,每小时观察并计算线虫的存活率。
热应激抗性按照Kato等[13]所述方法进行。将20条OP50组或BI_Y46组线虫转移至35 ℃环境中,每小时观察并计算线虫的存活率。
脂褐素积累量的测定参考Gao等[14]方法。将20条OP50组或BI_Y46组饲养5 d的线虫转移至无菌NGM平板上,用M9溶液洗涤后用0.1%四盐酸咪唑麻醉,并将其置于2%琼脂糖板上。使用荧光倒置显微镜的蓝色激发光拍摄线虫肠道的自发荧光图像。然后使用ImageJ分析荧光图像,计算每条线虫的平均像素强度作为脂褐素积累量的量化指标。
ROS的测定方法如下:取20条OP50组或BI_Y46组饲养5 d的线虫,用M9洗涤后转入含有1 μmol/L 2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA,一种可渗透细胞的荧光探针,用于检测细胞内的ROS水平)的M9溶液中,于20 ℃避光条件下孵育2 h,麻醉后使用绿色激发光拍摄荧光图像,再使用ImageJ分析荧光图像,计算每条线虫的平均像素强度,作为ROS水平的量化指标。
身体摆动频率的测定按照Huang等[15]所述方法进行。具体操作如下:将20条OP50组或BI_Y46组饲养5 d和7 d的线虫转移至M9缓冲溶液中,使其自由游动30 s后开始测量,并计算接下来30 s内线虫身体的摆动次数。
收集1000条OP50组或BI_Y46组饲养5 d的线虫送至上海派森诺生物科技有限公司完成后续RNA提取和分析。为鉴定两个样本间的差异表达基因,使用HTSeq 0.6.1p2统计比对到每个基因的Read Count值作为原始表达量。为消除测序深度和基因长度的影响,采用RPKM方法进行标准化。最后,利用DESeq进行差异分析,将log2|fold change|>1且P-value<0.05的基因视为显著差异表达基因。
按照制造商的说明,使用逆转录试剂将400 ng的RNA转化为cDNA模板。随后,利用RT-qPCR试剂盒和实时荧光定量PCR仪,对获得的cDNA进行RT-qPCR实验。目标基因的相对mRNA表达水平以线虫内参基因act-1的表达量进行标准化。数据通过2−ΔΔCt方法进行分析。实验所使用的引物如表1所示,引物序列均基于Worm Base官网公布的序列,利用Primer 3进行设计。
每个实验均重复3次以上,实验数据以平均值±标准误(x±SEM)的形式表示。数据分析使用SPSS软件进行,并通过GraphPad Prism10软件进行作图。具体而言,寿命曲线分析采用Logrank(Mantel-Cox)检验以确定显著性差异,两组间的比较采用Student’s t检验。统计学显著性水平设定为P<0.05。
通过线虫寿命实验评估了婴儿双歧杆菌BI_Y46的抗衰老效果。线虫作为一种经典的模式生物,其寿命是评估抗衰老能力的一个重要生物学指标[16]。如图1显示,BI_Y46组线虫的生存曲线较OP50组明显右移(图1A)。具体而言,BI_Y46组的中位数寿命、平均寿命和最长寿命分别显著延长了13.70%、12.27%和14.07%(P<0.05)(图1B)。这些结果表明,BI_Y46能够显著延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。该菌株可能通过特定机制延长线虫生存能力,为后续抗衰老机制研究提供了线索。因此,本研究将系统评估了BI_Y46对线虫生长发育、健康寿命、胁迫应答能力及代谢通路的影响。
如图2(A)、图2(B)所示,统计分析显示,BI_Y46组线虫在孵育第1、3、5 d的体长和身体投影面积均与对照组(OP50组)无显著差异(P>0.05)。进一步分析显示,两组线虫的发育周期、总繁殖数及日均产卵数亦无显著差异(P>0.05)(图2(C)~图2(E))。上述结果表明,BI_Y46在延长线虫寿命的同时,并未对其正常生长发育过程产生明显影响。
衰老通常伴随着生理功能的退化。在模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫中,这种退化主要表现为运动能力的下降[17]。为探究BI_Y46对线虫健康寿命的影响,本研究分析了与衰老密切相关的三项指标:运动能力、身体摆动频率和脂褐素积累。
如图3(A)所示,BI_Y46对线虫运动能力的改善呈现时间依赖性增强。第9 d时,OP50组和BI_Y46组的“A级”线虫比例无显著差异(P>0.05)。而在第10~19 d,BI_Y46组线虫的运动能力均显著优于OP50组(P<0.05)。图3(B)展示了成年后线虫第5 d和第7 d的身体摆动频率。结果显示,无论是第5 d还是第7 d,BI_Y46组线虫的身体摆动频率均极显著高于OP50组(P<0.0001)。脂褐素是一种随着机体衰老逐渐积累的自发荧光类化合物,其积累水平与机体衰老程度呈正相关[18]。如图3(C)和图3(D)所示,BI_Y46组线虫脂褐素积累量仅为OP50组的62.56%(P<0.0001)。以上结果表明,BI_Y46通过改善线虫的运动能力、提高身体摆动频率,并减少脂褐素的积累,从而延长秀丽隐杆线虫的健康寿命。
应激是加速生物体衰老的关键因素。增强应激抗性不仅能够延缓衰老,还能有效预防相关疾病的发生[7]。氧化应激和热应激结果如图4(A)和图4(B)所示,BI_Y46组线虫在氧化应激和热应激下的存活率显著优于OP50组(P<0.0001)。在氧化应激实验中,OP50组线虫在第3 h开始出现死亡,而BI_Y46组在第5 h才出现死亡。在热应激实验中,两组线虫均在第4 h开始死亡,但BI_Y46的死亡率要低于OP50组。在第9 h时,OP50组线虫全部死亡,而BI_Y46组存活率为20.93%。
内源性ROS主要由线粒体电子传递链产生。降低其浓度可以减少氧化应激对细胞和组织的损伤[19]。如图4(C)和图4(D)所示,BI_Y46组线虫体内ROS水平仅为OP50组的29.18%(P<0.0001)。这表明BI_Y46可能通过清除自由基、降低ROS水平来增强线虫的应激抗性。
为深入研究BI_Y46延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命的分子机制,本研究对OP50组和BI_Y46组的线虫进行了RNA-seq分析,旨在揭示BI_Y46对基因表达谱的作用及其潜在调控网络。
如图5(A)火山图显示,共检测到18450个基因。与OP50组比,BI_Y46组有402个差异表达基因,包括62个上调基因和340个下调基因。基因聚类分析显示(图5(B)),与OP50组样本相比,BI_Y46组样本中基因簇G-C8和G-C9中的基因表达量显著升高,其余基因簇中的基因均显著下调。以上结果表明,BI_Y46组样本和OP50组样本间存在着显著的转录组差异。
为进一步揭示这些差异表达基因的生物学功能及其意义,本研究通过GO功能注释和KEGG代谢通路富集分析进行探究。图6(A)和图6(B)分别展示了前20个显著富集的GO条目的柱状图和因子图,这些条目涵盖细胞组分、分子功能和生物学过程3个类别。其中,上调基因的功能聚焦于水解酶活性,水解O-糖苷化合物、溶菌酶活性和肽聚糖胞壁质水解活性,上述功能与糖类代谢和细胞壁的稳定性密切相关。下调的基因主要涉及以下三类功能:细胞外基质结构相关(如胶原蛋白三聚体和角质层结构组分)、细胞壁代谢相关(包括细胞壁大分子分解代谢和细胞壁组织或生物发生)以及与蛋白质加工相关(如内肽酶活性、天冬氨酸型内肽酶活性和蛋白质剪接)。上述结果揭示,BI_Y46通过调控肽酶活性、蛋白质剪切及细胞壁代谢等过程,干扰角质层结构和细胞壁动态平衡,最终调控线虫寿命。
图7(A)和图7(B)展示了KEGG富集分析中前10个代谢通路的柱状图和因子图。富集到的代谢通路主要包括代谢、生物系统、环境信息处理和细胞过程4个功能类别。其中,下调基因显著富集于异源物质代谢、寿命调控和细胞外基质信号传导;而上调基因则主要参与糖胺聚糖生物合成-硫酸肝素/肝素、过氧化物酶体和其他糖降解。这些结果表明,BI_Y46通过调控药物代谢、糖胺聚糖生物合成、过氧化物酶体功能及长寿调节途径,最终实现延长寿命的生物学效应。
BI_Y46能够显著增强线虫的应激抗性,并调控与衰老密切相关的长寿调节途径-蠕虫信号通路(图8(A))。基于RNA-seq结果,本研究选择了与应激抗性相关的关键基因gst-2[20](谷胱甘肽S-转移酶2,log2|fold change|=2.6987,P-value=0.03736)以及在长寿调节途径-蠕虫信号通路中的上游基因(ins-7、daf-2、age-1、daf-16)进行RT-qPCR验证。
如图8(B)所示,gst-2的表达显著上调(P<0.05),而ins-7、daf-2、age-1 和daf-16的表达水平未发生显著变化(P>0.05)。这表明,BI_Y46确实可以通过调控gst-2的表达来增强线虫的抗氧化应激能力,但这一过程可能独立于长寿调节途径-蠕虫信号通路。除长寿调节途径-蠕虫信号通路外,gst-2还在多个代谢通路中显著富集,包括药物代谢-细胞色素P450、细胞色素P450对异种生物的代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢以及药物代谢-其他酶等通路。该结果提示BI_Y46很可能通过上述通路增强线虫的应激抗性,最终延长线虫寿命。
本研究通过分别给线虫饲喂OP50或OP50与BI_Y46的混合物(1:1,w/w),以系统评估BI_Y46对其寿命的影响。结果显示,添加BI_Y46组的线虫在生存状况、平均寿命、中位数寿命和最长寿命方面均显著优于OP50对照组。
饮食限制作为一种经典的延长寿命的方式,其作用机制主要表现为延缓生殖发育和降低与年龄相关疾病的发病率[21]。Zhao等[22]发现,饲喂唾液乳杆菌FDB89在延长线虫寿命的同时,显著抑制了线虫的生殖能力、咽部抽吸频率并延缓了发育周期。然而,本研究的结果显示,BI_Y46组线虫的体长、发育周期和生殖能力均与OP50组无显著差异,这表明BI_Y46并非通过饮食限制的方式延长线虫寿命,而是通过其他机制发挥抗衰老作用。
衰老通常伴随着肌肉功能的衰退和脂褐素积累量的增加。本研究结果表明,BI_Y46能够显著提升线虫在10~19 d内的运动能力,第5 d和第7 d的身体摆动频率,并降低第5 d体内脂褐素的积累量。这一结果优于Hu等[23]从发酵泡菜中分离的乳酸片球菌的效果。乳酸片球菌虽然能够延长线虫的寿命,但并未改善线虫成年后1~6 d内的运动能力。这可能是由于双歧杆菌能够高效产生短链脂肪酸(如丁酸、乙酸和丙酸),这些短链脂肪酸在抗衰老方面具有重要作用,而乳杆菌和大肠杆菌的短链脂肪酸产量相对较低[24],这一代谢差异可能是导致不同菌株改善线虫运动能力效果差异显著的原因之一。
氧化应激对机体的损伤随着年龄增长而加剧,并与胃肠道疾病、神经退行性疾病和类风湿关节炎等疾病的病理过程密切相关[25]。构建应激模型是探索抗氧化能力的重要方法[26],本研究发现饲喂BI_Y46可显著提高线虫对热应激和氧化应激的抗性,同时降低体内ROS水平。
为阐明BI_Y46的抗衰老机制,本研究采用RNA-seq技术对线虫进行了转录组分析。GO富集分析结果显示,大部分条目集中于角质层和细胞壁的分解代谢相关通路。有研究表明,胶原蛋白和糖胺聚糖是细胞外基质(ECM)的主要成分,对维持线虫角质层结构完整性起关键作用[27−28];而角质层完整性的提升可显著增强线虫对环境胁迫的抵抗力[29]。这一发现与BI_Y46能够增强线虫热应激生存能力的实验结果高度吻合。值得注意的是,内肽酶作为水解蛋白质内部肽键的关键酶,不仅可通过清除角质层中受损或错误折叠的蛋白质来维持细胞外基质的平衡[30],还能激活线虫的先天免疫系统以降解外源病原体,从而抵御致病菌入侵[31]。综合上述结果可知,BI_Y46通过调控角质层动态平衡来维持细胞外基质稳定性,进而提升线虫的综合应激抗性。
KEGG富集分析显示,药物代谢-细胞色素P450是显著富集的代谢通路之一。细胞色素P450酶作为血红素结合蛋白超家族成员,在代谢内源性和外源性化合物的过程中发挥重要作用[32]。该酶可将药物、农药及其他环境中的化学物质转化为水溶性更强的形式排除体外,对清除药物和毒素至关重要[33],此机制与BI_Y46显著提升线虫氧化应激抗性的实验结果一致。此外,细胞色素P450还参与氧化还原酶活性调节及异源物质代谢[34],通过维持体内平衡、调节炎症及免疫反应等生理过程发挥关键作用[35]。
RT-qPCR实验结果与RNA-seq分析一致,证实BI_Y46组中线虫的应激抗性基因gst-2显著上调。gst-2是谷胱甘肽S-转移酶家族的重要成员,通过催化谷胱甘肽与氧化应激产物或外源性毒素的结合反应,帮助细胞清除有害物质,从而维持细胞的氧化还原平衡[36]。
上述结果表明,饲喂BI_Y46通过多靶点机制显著增强秀丽隐杆线虫的应激抗性,包括降低ROS水平、调控角质层结构、激活内肽酶和先天免疫通路、介导肽聚糖信号通路、调节细胞色素P450药物代谢通路以及上调应激抗性基因等。本研究系统阐明了BI_Y46在延长线虫寿命和增强应激抗性方面的潜在机制,但仍存在一些局限性,未来需在哺乳动物模型或临床试验中进一步验证。
本研究表明,长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种Y46(BI_Y46)能够有效延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命,且其作用机制不依赖于饮食限制。通过评估线虫的运动能力、身体摆动频率、脂褐素积累量、热应激、过氧化氢应激和ROS水平,发现BI_Y46能够显著延长线虫的健康寿命并增强其应激抗性。RNA-seq和RT-qPCR实验进一步揭示了BI_Y46的作用机制,即通过调控角质层的结构完整性和药物代谢途径,促进gst-2表达,从而增强线虫的应激抗性而延长其寿命。这些发现为益生菌在抗衰老和促进健康领域的应用提供了重要的理论依据,同时也为进一步探索益生菌在延缓衰老中的作用机制奠定了坚实的基础。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030291
  • 接收时间:2025-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21
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    1东北农业大学乳品科学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    2东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
    3黑龙江省绿色食品科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150023

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张莉丽(1981−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:功能性乳制品与益生菌,E-mail:。
韩建春(1973−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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