Article(id=1320883943696613458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030280, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742400000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852873014, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852873014, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852873014, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852873014, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=306, endPage=318, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883943864385619, articleId=1320883943696613458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Key Aroma Compounds and Their Interactions in Maopu Herbal Baijiu, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was employed to detect the aroma-active compounds of Maopu herbal Baijiu. The aroma-active compounds with FD≥2 were quantified through liquid-liquid extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The characteristic compounds were investigated via their FD values, aroma activity values (OAVs), and aroma recombination experiment. The interactions among these compounds were then investigated using the Feller additive model and S-curve. The result showed that a total of 84 aroma-active compounds were identified, mainly esters, acids, aldehydes, and terpenes. Significant differences were distinguished in the content of aroma compounds of the three herbal Baijiu (P<0.05). Furthermore, a total of 51, 53, and 54 compounds with OAV≥1 were confirmed as important aroma compounds in the three herbal Baijiu, respectively. The result revealed that ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butanoate played critical roles in the overall aroma characteristics. In addition, 3-methylbutanal, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, dimethyl trisulphide, and 1,1-diethoxyethane also significantly contributed to the aroma characteristics. Further experimental results showed interactions between different compounds, including masking, addition, and synergism. For example, a masking effect occurs between ethyl hexanoate and dimethyl trisulfide, an additive effect occurs between ethyl hexanoate and ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, and a synergistic effect occurs between ethyl 3-methylbutyrate and hexanoic acid. The findings of this study can offer theoretical foundations and data-driven references for product design, flavor reconstruction, and quality enhancement in the herbal Baijiu industry.

, authors=Xizhen SUN1, 2, *, Yaqing XIONG1, Xingting NI1, Xin WU1, Qiang LI1, 2, Feng KE1, Qiang YANG1, 2, authorsList=Xizhen SUN, Yaqing XIONG, Xingting NI, Xin WU, Qiang LI, Feng KE, Qiang YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xizhen SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883945407889504, articleId=1320883943696613458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=毛铺草本白酒关键香气成分及其相互作用分析, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在明确毛铺草本白酒的香气成分差异、特征香气成分及其相互作用机制。采用香气萃取物稀释分析(AEDA)测定三种草本白酒(草本8年、草本12年、草本15年)的挥发性成分及香气活性成分(FD≥2),运用液液萃取、顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对香气活性成分进行定量。基于FD值、香气活性值(OAV)与香气重组实验筛选并验证重要及特征香气成分,通过Feller加和模型和S曲线法探究特征香气成分间的相互作用。结果表明,从草本白酒中共鉴定出84种香气活性成分,主要包括酯类、酸类、醛类、萜烯类等,三种产品间挥发性物质含量存在显著差异(P<0.05);三种草本白酒(草本8年、草本12年、草本15年)中OAV≥1的重要香气物质分别为51、53、54种,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醛、丁酸、己酸、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丙酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、二甲基三硫、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷等10种物质被鉴定为草本白酒的特征香气成分;不同成分间存在掩盖、加成和协同等相互作用,如己酸乙酯与二甲基三硫间为掩盖作用,己酸乙酯与3-甲基丁酸乙酯间为加成作用,3-甲基丁酸乙酯与己酸间为协同作用。本研究结果可为草本白酒产品设计、风味重构以及品质提升提供理论依据与数据参考。

, authors=孙细珍1, 2, *, 熊亚青1, 倪兴婷1, 吴鑫1, 李强1, 2, 柯锋1, 杨强1, 2, authorsList=孙细珍, 熊亚青, 倪兴婷, 吴鑫, 李强, 柯锋, 杨强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙细珍, authorNote=

孙细珍(1974−),女,本科,高级工程师,研究方向:食品安全与食品风味化学,E-mail:

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孙细珍(1974−),女,本科,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品安全与食品风味化学,E-mail:。
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Oliemans Punter and Partners, 2011., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320883945621799009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883945630187618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, companyId=1320883945621799009, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320883945638576227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, companyId=1320883945621799009, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1劲牌有限公司,湖北黄石 435100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320883945814736996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, 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caption=Determination of aroma interactions based on the S-curve method, figureFileSmall=NDkaBCcXcZuaryEKV7/0TA==, figureFileBig=YWLpC4OOZMMrLv+HFjoz4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883953335124132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于S曲线法测定香气相互作用, figureFileSmall=NDkaBCcXcZuaryEKV7/0TA==, figureFileBig=YWLpC4OOZMMrLv+HFjoz4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883953410621605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Aroma compounds in herbal Baijiu identified using AEDA

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号香气成分保留指数香气特征FD值
DB-FFAPHP-5MSY1Y2Y3
1乙醛711−青香,醚样气味646464
2乙酸乙酯892−菠萝香64128128
31,1-二乙氧基乙烷895732青草香,木香,威士忌味道128256128
43-甲基丁醛925−青草香,麦芽香256512512
5丙酸乙酯967717苹果香444
62-甲基丙酸乙酯973759菠萝香,甜香128256256
72,3-丁二酮996−甜香,奶油香,黄油香3264128
8仲丁醇1030−醇香8816
9丁酸乙酯1037808苹果香,菠萝香51210241024
10正丙醇1047−酒香,醇香81616
112-甲基丁酸乙酯1049853新鲜苹果香,菠萝蜜香128256256
123-甲基丁酸乙酯1065870苹果香,甜香256512512
13二甲基二硫1069748强烈的洋葱气息81632
14己醛1083805青香,木香,草香326464
15异丁醇1098−指甲油气味444
16乙酸异戊酯1121880香蕉香,梨香488
17戊酸乙酯1132910草莓香,菠萝蜜香326464
18正丁醇1145−香蕉味,威士忌163232
19月桂烯1162993蜡香,青香,柑橘香222
204-甲基戊酸乙酯1188968水果香,花香64128128
21D-柠檬烯11931026甜香,柑橘香222
22异戊醇1210769发酵香,指甲油,臭味326464
23丁酸丁酯1216998强烈、甜润的水果香气163232
242-戊基呋喃1232993泥土香,水果香484
25己酸乙酯12441001菠萝香,香蕉香,窖香204840964096
26对伞花烃12671022胡萝卜,萜烯香气222
273-羟基-2-丁酮1286908愉悦的奶油香气64128128
281-辛烯-3-酮1302980清新泥土,蘑菇香,蔬菜香222
29庚酸乙酯13381101菠萝蜜香气488
30乳酸乙酯1346829清甜、带酸味的水果香气888
31正己醇1354877青香,醇香,醚香848
32二甲基三硫1380964硫磺,卷心菜味128256512
332-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪1387996杏仁味,烘焙香,甜香323232
342-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪1393999焙烤香888
352,3,5-三甲基吡嗪14081001坚果味,烤谷物味484
362,6-二乙基吡嗪14341077花香,烘焙香444
37辛酸乙酯14381203奶油香,菠萝香64128128
382-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪14481081坚果香,咖啡香,巧克力香888
391-辛烯-3-醇1448982蘑菇香,青香163232
40乙酸1449−乳酪酸香326464
412,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪14621086坚果香,烤香444
42氧化芳樟醇14691087木香,花香488
43糠醛1470841面包香,焦糖香326464
442,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪14771085坚果香,霉味444
452-乙酰基呋喃1512918坚果,烤香,焦糖味444
46右旋樟脑15171140类似薄荷的清凉香气222
47苯甲醛1531967杏仁香,坚果香81616
48丙酸1537723刺激、尖酸的气味444
49芳樟醇15461101柑橘香,玫瑰香,浆果香444
50α-柏木烯15641407花香,草药香222
51异丁酸1567760奶酪味,酸味323232
525-甲基糠醛1583964咖啡香,甜香444
53己酸己酯16121391青香,蜡香,浆果香韵484
54γ-丁内酯1619915奶油香,脂肪香326464
552-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃16231043坚果,可可,烤面包444
56丁酸1625832哈喇味,奶酪味256512512
572-糠酸乙酯16281059烧焦的气味444
58癸酸乙酯16401397梨和白兰地似的香韵444
59苯乙醛16531047甜香,玫瑰香,巧克力香6464128
60异戊酸1669855汗臭,酸臭,脂肪臭163232
61丁二酸二乙酯16791185熟苹果味222
62γ-己内酯17111058甜而浓的奶油味222
63戊酸1738916奶酪味,汗臭味64128128
64苯乙酸乙酯17901249玫瑰香,蜂蜜香161616
654-甲基戊酸1804969汗臭,腐臭326464
66乙酸苯乙酯18201256柑桔带有酵母香的味道222
67β-大马酮18231383甜的木香,花香8816
68香叶基丙酮18301435花生香,坚果香222
69二氢-β-紫罗兰酮18331437木香,紫罗兰香488
70十二酸乙酯18431596朗姆酒香,甜香,花香222
71己酸18461074奶酪味,汗臭味256512512
72愈创木酚18671088辛香,药香,木香222
73苯丙酸乙酯18901354菠萝蜜香,蜂蜜香,干花香323264
74β-苯乙醇19171118清甜的玫瑰样花香81616
75β-紫罗兰酮19431483浆果香,紫罗兰香444
764-甲基愈创木酚19631191辛香,药香,香荚兰香气222
772-乙酰基吡咯19801062面包香,胡桃香444
78橙花叔醇19991533温和的苹果味道222
794-乙基愈创木酚20361278辛香,类似丁香香气222
80γ-壬内酯20381361奶油香,椰子样香气326464
814-甲基苯酚20881083药香,烟熏香888
82柏木脑21201596温和的柏木香气222
834-乙烯基愈创木酚22051315丁香味,甜香444
84香草醛25821396甜香,奶油香326432
), ArticleFig(id=1320883953498701990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

草本白酒中香气化合物AEDA鉴定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号香气成分保留指数香气特征FD值
DB-FFAPHP-5MSY1Y2Y3
1乙醛711−青香,醚样气味646464
2乙酸乙酯892−菠萝香64128128
31,1-二乙氧基乙烷895732青草香,木香,威士忌味道128256128
43-甲基丁醛925−青草香,麦芽香256512512
5丙酸乙酯967717苹果香444
62-甲基丙酸乙酯973759菠萝香,甜香128256256
72,3-丁二酮996−甜香,奶油香,黄油香3264128
8仲丁醇1030−醇香8816
9丁酸乙酯1037808苹果香,菠萝香51210241024
10正丙醇1047−酒香,醇香81616
112-甲基丁酸乙酯1049853新鲜苹果香,菠萝蜜香128256256
123-甲基丁酸乙酯1065870苹果香,甜香256512512
13二甲基二硫1069748强烈的洋葱气息81632
14己醛1083805青香,木香,草香326464
15异丁醇1098−指甲油气味444
16乙酸异戊酯1121880香蕉香,梨香488
17戊酸乙酯1132910草莓香,菠萝蜜香326464
18正丁醇1145−香蕉味,威士忌163232
19月桂烯1162993蜡香,青香,柑橘香222
204-甲基戊酸乙酯1188968水果香,花香64128128
21D-柠檬烯11931026甜香,柑橘香222
22异戊醇1210769发酵香,指甲油,臭味326464
23丁酸丁酯1216998强烈、甜润的水果香气163232
242-戊基呋喃1232993泥土香,水果香484
25己酸乙酯12441001菠萝香,香蕉香,窖香204840964096
26对伞花烃12671022胡萝卜,萜烯香气222
273-羟基-2-丁酮1286908愉悦的奶油香气64128128
281-辛烯-3-酮1302980清新泥土,蘑菇香,蔬菜香222
29庚酸乙酯13381101菠萝蜜香气488
30乳酸乙酯1346829清甜、带酸味的水果香气888
31正己醇1354877青香,醇香,醚香848
32二甲基三硫1380964硫磺,卷心菜味128256512
332-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪1387996杏仁味,烘焙香,甜香323232
342-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪1393999焙烤香888
352,3,5-三甲基吡嗪14081001坚果味,烤谷物味484
362,6-二乙基吡嗪14341077花香,烘焙香444
37辛酸乙酯14381203奶油香,菠萝香64128128
382-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪14481081坚果香,咖啡香,巧克力香888
391-辛烯-3-醇1448982蘑菇香,青香163232
40乙酸1449−乳酪酸香326464
412,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪14621086坚果香,烤香444
42氧化芳樟醇14691087木香,花香488
43糠醛1470841面包香,焦糖香326464
442,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪14771085坚果香,霉味444
452-乙酰基呋喃1512918坚果,烤香,焦糖味444
46右旋樟脑15171140类似薄荷的清凉香气222
47苯甲醛1531967杏仁香,坚果香81616
48丙酸1537723刺激、尖酸的气味444
49芳樟醇15461101柑橘香,玫瑰香,浆果香444
50α-柏木烯15641407花香,草药香222
51异丁酸1567760奶酪味,酸味323232
525-甲基糠醛1583964咖啡香,甜香444
53己酸己酯16121391青香,蜡香,浆果香韵484
54γ-丁内酯1619915奶油香,脂肪香326464
552-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃16231043坚果,可可,烤面包444
56丁酸1625832哈喇味,奶酪味256512512
572-糠酸乙酯16281059烧焦的气味444
58癸酸乙酯16401397梨和白兰地似的香韵444
59苯乙醛16531047甜香,玫瑰香,巧克力香6464128
60异戊酸1669855汗臭,酸臭,脂肪臭163232
61丁二酸二乙酯16791185熟苹果味222
62γ-己内酯17111058甜而浓的奶油味222
63戊酸1738916奶酪味,汗臭味64128128
64苯乙酸乙酯17901249玫瑰香,蜂蜜香161616
654-甲基戊酸1804969汗臭,腐臭326464
66乙酸苯乙酯18201256柑桔带有酵母香的味道222
67β-大马酮18231383甜的木香,花香8816
68香叶基丙酮18301435花生香,坚果香222
69二氢-β-紫罗兰酮18331437木香,紫罗兰香488
70十二酸乙酯18431596朗姆酒香,甜香,花香222
71己酸18461074奶酪味,汗臭味256512512
72愈创木酚18671088辛香,药香,木香222
73苯丙酸乙酯18901354菠萝蜜香,蜂蜜香,干花香323264
74β-苯乙醇19171118清甜的玫瑰样花香81616
75β-紫罗兰酮19431483浆果香,紫罗兰香444
764-甲基愈创木酚19631191辛香,药香,香荚兰香气222
772-乙酰基吡咯19801062面包香,胡桃香444
78橙花叔醇19991533温和的苹果味道222
794-乙基愈创木酚20361278辛香,类似丁香香气222
80γ-壬内酯20381361奶油香,椰子样香气326464
814-甲基苯酚20881083药香,烟熏香888
82柏木脑21201596温和的柏木香气222
834-乙烯基愈创木酚22051315丁香味,甜香444
84香草醛25821396甜香,奶油香326432
), ArticleFig(id=1320883953582588071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Quantitative results of aroma compounds in three kinds of herbal Baijiu

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号香气成分质量浓度(µg/L)阈值
(µg/L)[14,44]
OAV
Y1Y2Y3Y1Y2Y3
1乙醛*290.06±8.32b387.57±23.62a308.71±24.42b25000121612
2乙酸乙酯*959.85±21.51c1587.13±22.41a1258.35±24.03b32600294939
31,1-二乙氧基乙烷*272.76±10.77b343.02±9.42a289.85±4.33b2090131164139
43-甲基丁醛*17.63±0.64c25.69±1.76b31.12±2.45a17899144175
5丙酸乙酯*20.32±0.79b26.37±1.57a26.61±1.17a19000111
62-甲基丙酸乙酯*6.21±0.26c10.36±0.81a8.07±0.57b57.5108180140
72,3-丁二酮579.45±32.56c1069.39±41.10b3496.15±1203.81a10061137
8仲丁醇*46.18±3.16c60.99±1.23b76.63±1.87a16000345
9丁酸乙酯*126.61±2.90c199.17±3.66b210.40±3.73a14090414231503
10正丙醇*408.59±8.96c507.89±10.11b570.92±11.96a314000122
112-甲基丁酸乙酯1755.08±109.56b2456.29±168.01a2270.39±166.03a8219307284
123-甲基丁酸乙酯4341.01±218.06b6410.02±389.98a6838.45±366.59a15289427456
13二甲基二硫16.48±1.42c88.71±5.25b113.88±10.21a9.1321012
14己醛888.25±71.23c1075.40±42.99b1398.23±67.71a88101216
15异丁醇*83.45±3.55c139.31±0.61b161.02±2.35a200000<1<1<1
16乙酸异戊酯613.18±28.02b1326.25±107.63a1204.49±106.16a500132
17戊酸乙酯*24.17±1.21b32.82±1.82a36.17±2.19a900273640
18正丁醇*85.38±1.45b126.63±1.23a124.78±2.78a2730314646
204-甲基戊酸乙酯604.98±11.79b895.05±76.16a986.49±81.63a5121179197
22异戊醇*198.17±5.08c308.90±3.27b366.93±5.25a70000345
23丁酸丁酯246.95±17.62c467.27±38.11a383.26±12.68b2891714
242-戊基呋喃4.31±0.21c11.15±0.98a8.18±0.75b14.5<1<1<1
25己酸乙酯*860.98±18.73c1276.93±27.76a1198.69±17.39b200430563855993
273-羟基-2-丁酮*16.21±0.31b31.46±2.44a28.89±2.14a25963121112
29庚酸乙酯*6.66±0.10c12.36±0.74a10.48±0.21b400173126
30乳酸乙酯*686.08±39.32b992.97±15.34a1017.16±34.33a250000344
31正己醇*27.21±0.41c36.73±0.34b40.66±0.77a40007910
32二甲基三硫27.18±1.67c64.98±0.84b121.23±4.37a0.3675180337
332-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪35.55±0.18c45.90±0.57a42.45±0.22b5.4798
342-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪15.96±0.28b20.32±0.70a19.89±0.38a10222
352,3,5-三甲基吡嗪217.19±4.83c399.04±26.05a284.94±8.62b378.5<11<1
362,6-二乙基吡嗪4.19±0.07b5.18±0.15a5.09±0.21a11.57<1<1<1
37辛酸乙酯*6.82±0.08c11.47±0.14b12.21±0.02a90081314
382-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪15.82±0.51c24.50±0.76a21.15±0.75b10.1222
391-辛烯-3-醇41.30±1.85b55.00±4.67a60.23±2.81a6.127910
40乙酸*363.97±18.56b678.26±5.97a697.31±50.06a200000233
412,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪31.42±0.35c50.22±1.08a41.45±0.55b95<1<1<1
42氧化芳樟醇31.52±2.00c38.87±1.22b49.86±4.30a36.2<111
43糠醛*46.62±0.68b68.65±6.06a65.03±5.73a3000162322
442,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪152.06±6.04c485.59±28.36a171.42±6.04b58280<1<1<1
452-乙酰基呋喃195.56±6.09b269.48±3.25a266.43±5.04a80000<1<1<1
47苯甲醛993.77±43.17b1757.70±45.46a1644.59±60.31a990122
48丙酸*18.31±1.78a16.02±1.34b20.73±1.93a181001<11
49芳樟醇8.60±0.34c13.32±0.11b17.83±0.12a30<1<1<1
51异丁酸3797.20±304.81b7802.66±716.86a6680.23±540.73a1580254
525-甲基糠醛147.57±4.29b192.78±6.97a199.95±3.09a466000<1<1<1
53己酸己酯903.77±64.23b1736.72±97.40a1029.08±59.63b500232
54γ-丁内酯314.09±21.64c486.32±16.52a405.74±28.12b3591412
552-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃166.82±0.39c273.49±7.58a228.84±2.64b40870<1<1<1
56丁酸*73.81±3.37c102.12±6.36b135.64±4.85a96477106141
572-糠酸乙酯245.95±7.57a241.08±13.56a138.38±5.06b16000<1<1<1
58癸酸乙酯681.13±59.35b1004.47±87.55a1107.97±102.07a1120<1<1<1
59苯乙醛964.39±26.06c1114.78±89.92b2321.03±51.07a25394593
60异戊酸*7.36±0.51b11.93±1.17a10.28±0.84a105071110
63戊酸*18.91±1.50c26.46±1.10b32.06±1.61a389496882
64苯乙酸乙酯1062.26±25.91b1288.21±60.65a1180.09±42.42a407333
654-甲基戊酸1384.38±114.51b2203.57±218.27a2387.21±155.11a144101517
67β-大马酮8.12±0.81c10.01±0.63b12.70±1.47a2.5345
69二氢-β-紫罗兰酮0.62±0.09b0.84±0.11a1.12±0.14a0.9<1<11
71己酸*458.22±6.59c573.81±4.20b670.66±5.30a2520182228266
73苯丙酸乙酯534.19±17.12c652.83±3.83b866.08±14.23a125457
74β-苯乙醇*5.58±0.03b11.07±0.36a10.50±0.01a8500<111
75β-紫罗兰酮0.91±0.11b1.03±0.05b1.59±0.18a0.8112
762-乙酰基吡咯47.68±1.34b56.62±3.73a54.16±2.72a2000<1<1<1
80γ-壬内酯61.13±5.34b70.93±7.02a78.57±4.19a11.2567
814-甲基苯酚392.66±10.33b406.78±7.80b434.72±12.56a167223
834-乙烯基愈创木酚6.89±0.67b5.33±0.49c12.69±0.93a40<1<1<1
84香草醛35.21±3.23b52.39±3.87a40.18±3.76b26122
), ArticleFig(id=1320883953658085544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883943696613458, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3种草本白酒中香气物质定量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号香气成分质量浓度(µg/L)阈值
(µg/L)[14,44]
OAV
Y1Y2Y3Y1Y2Y3
1乙醛*290.06±8.32b387.57±23.62a308.71±24.42b25000121612
2乙酸乙酯*959.85±21.51c1587.13±22.41a1258.35±24.03b32600294939
31,1-二乙氧基乙烷*272.76±10.77b343.02±9.42a289.85±4.33b2090131164139
43-甲基丁醛*17.63±0.64c25.69±1.76b31.12±2.45a17899144175
5丙酸乙酯*20.32±0.79b26.37±1.57a26.61±1.17a19000111
62-甲基丙酸乙酯*6.21±0.26c10.36±0.81a8.07±0.57b57.5108180140
72,3-丁二酮579.45±32.56c1069.39±41.10b3496.15±1203.81a10061137
8仲丁醇*46.18±3.16c60.99±1.23b76.63±1.87a16000345
9丁酸乙酯*126.61±2.90c199.17±3.66b210.40±3.73a14090414231503
10正丙醇*408.59±8.96c507.89±10.11b570.92±11.96a314000122
112-甲基丁酸乙酯1755.08±109.56b2456.29±168.01a2270.39±166.03a8219307284
123-甲基丁酸乙酯4341.01±218.06b6410.02±389.98a6838.45±366.59a15289427456
13二甲基二硫16.48±1.42c88.71±5.25b113.88±10.21a9.1321012
14己醛888.25±71.23c1075.40±42.99b1398.23±67.71a88101216
15异丁醇*83.45±3.55c139.31±0.61b161.02±2.35a200000<1<1<1
16乙酸异戊酯613.18±28.02b1326.25±107.63a1204.49±106.16a500132
17戊酸乙酯*24.17±1.21b32.82±1.82a36.17±2.19a900273640
18正丁醇*85.38±1.45b126.63±1.23a124.78±2.78a2730314646
204-甲基戊酸乙酯604.98±11.79b895.05±76.16a986.49±81.63a5121179197
22异戊醇*198.17±5.08c308.90±3.27b366.93±5.25a70000345
23丁酸丁酯246.95±17.62c467.27±38.11a383.26±12.68b2891714
242-戊基呋喃4.31±0.21c11.15±0.98a8.18±0.75b14.5<1<1<1
25己酸乙酯*860.98±18.73c1276.93±27.76a1198.69±17.39b200430563855993
273-羟基-2-丁酮*16.21±0.31b31.46±2.44a28.89±2.14a25963121112
29庚酸乙酯*6.66±0.10c12.36±0.74a10.48±0.21b400173126
30乳酸乙酯*686.08±39.32b992.97±15.34a1017.16±34.33a250000344
31正己醇*27.21±0.41c36.73±0.34b40.66±0.77a40007910
32二甲基三硫27.18±1.67c64.98±0.84b121.23±4.37a0.3675180337
332-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪35.55±0.18c45.90±0.57a42.45±0.22b5.4798
342-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪15.96±0.28b20.32±0.70a19.89±0.38a10222
352,3,5-三甲基吡嗪217.19±4.83c399.04±26.05a284.94±8.62b378.5<11<1
362,6-二乙基吡嗪4.19±0.07b5.18±0.15a5.09±0.21a11.57<1<1<1
37辛酸乙酯*6.82±0.08c11.47±0.14b12.21±0.02a90081314
382-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪15.82±0.51c24.50±0.76a21.15±0.75b10.1222
391-辛烯-3-醇41.30±1.85b55.00±4.67a60.23±2.81a6.127910
40乙酸*363.97±18.56b678.26±5.97a697.31±50.06a200000233
412,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪31.42±0.35c50.22±1.08a41.45±0.55b95<1<1<1
42氧化芳樟醇31.52±2.00c38.87±1.22b49.86±4.30a36.2<111
43糠醛*46.62±0.68b68.65±6.06a65.03±5.73a3000162322
442,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪152.06±6.04c485.59±28.36a171.42±6.04b58280<1<1<1
452-乙酰基呋喃195.56±6.09b269.48±3.25a266.43±5.04a80000<1<1<1
47苯甲醛993.77±43.17b1757.70±45.46a1644.59±60.31a990122
48丙酸*18.31±1.78a16.02±1.34b20.73±1.93a181001<11
49芳樟醇8.60±0.34c13.32±0.11b17.83±0.12a30<1<1<1
51异丁酸3797.20±304.81b7802.66±716.86a6680.23±540.73a1580254
525-甲基糠醛147.57±4.29b192.78±6.97a199.95±3.09a466000<1<1<1
53己酸己酯903.77±64.23b1736.72±97.40a1029.08±59.63b500232
54γ-丁内酯314.09±21.64c486.32±16.52a405.74±28.12b3591412
552-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃166.82±0.39c273.49±7.58a228.84±2.64b40870<1<1<1
56丁酸*73.81±3.37c102.12±6.36b135.64±4.85a96477106141
572-糠酸乙酯245.95±7.57a241.08±13.56a138.38±5.06b16000<1<1<1
58癸酸乙酯681.13±59.35b1004.47±87.55a1107.97±102.07a1120<1<1<1
59苯乙醛964.39±26.06c1114.78±89.92b2321.03±51.07a25394593
60异戊酸*7.36±0.51b11.93±1.17a10.28±0.84a105071110
63戊酸*18.91±1.50c26.46±1.10b32.06±1.61a389496882
64苯乙酸乙酯1062.26±25.91b1288.21±60.65a1180.09±42.42a407333
654-甲基戊酸1384.38±114.51b2203.57±218.27a2387.21±155.11a144101517
67β-大马酮8.12±0.81c10.01±0.63b12.70±1.47a2.5345
69二氢-β-紫罗兰酮0.62±0.09b0.84±0.11a1.12±0.14a0.9<1<11
71己酸*458.22±6.59c573.81±4.20b670.66±5.30a2520182228266
73苯丙酸乙酯534.19±17.12c652.83±3.83b866.08±14.23a125457
74β-苯乙醇*5.58±0.03b11.07±0.36a10.50±0.01a8500<111
75β-紫罗兰酮0.91±0.11b1.03±0.05b1.59±0.18a0.8112
762-乙酰基吡咯47.68±1.34b56.62±3.73a54.16±2.72a2000<1<1<1
80γ-壬内酯61.13±5.34b70.93±7.02a78.57±4.19a11.2567
814-甲基苯酚392.66±10.33b406.78±7.80b434.72±12.56a167223
834-乙烯基愈创木酚6.89±0.67b5.33±0.49c12.69±0.93a40<1<1<1
84香草醛35.21±3.23b52.39±3.87a40.18±3.76b26122
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Thresholds for binary mixtures and their interactions in herbal Baijiu

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序号二元混合物实验阈值
(µg/L)
理论阈值
(µg/L)
实验阈值/理论阈值相互作用
1己酸乙酯+二甲基三硫1266.31344.403.68掩盖作用
2己酸乙酯+己酸1173.25580.842.02掩盖作用
3己酸乙酯+1,1-二乙氧基乙烷347.36430.870.81加成作用
4己酸乙酯+3-甲基丁醛728.45318.542.29掩盖作用
5己酸乙酯+3-甲基丁酸
乙酯
192.36350.190.55加成作用
63-甲基丁酸乙酯+二甲基三硫23.9415.241.57掩盖作用
73-甲基丁酸乙酯+己酸838.902 280.030.37协同作用
83-甲基丁酸乙酯+1,1-二乙氧基乙烷323.65486.600.67加成作用
93-甲基丁酸乙酯+3-甲基丁醛37.3444.210.84加成作用
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二元混合物阈值测定结果及其相互作用

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序号二元混合物实验阈值
(µg/L)
理论阈值
(µg/L)
实验阈值/理论阈值相互作用
1己酸乙酯+二甲基三硫1266.31344.403.68掩盖作用
2己酸乙酯+己酸1173.25580.842.02掩盖作用
3己酸乙酯+1,1-二乙氧基乙烷347.36430.870.81加成作用
4己酸乙酯+3-甲基丁醛728.45318.542.29掩盖作用
5己酸乙酯+3-甲基丁酸
乙酯
192.36350.190.55加成作用
63-甲基丁酸乙酯+二甲基三硫23.9415.241.57掩盖作用
73-甲基丁酸乙酯+己酸838.902 280.030.37协同作用
83-甲基丁酸乙酯+1,1-二乙氧基乙烷323.65486.600.67加成作用
93-甲基丁酸乙酯+3-甲基丁醛37.3444.210.84加成作用
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毛铺草本白酒关键香气成分及其相互作用分析
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孙细珍 1, 2, * , 熊亚青 1 , 倪兴婷 1 , 吴鑫 1 , 李强 1, 2 , 柯锋 1 , 杨强 1, 2
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(6): 306-318
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (6) : 306 -318
毛铺草本白酒关键香气成分及其相互作用分析
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孙细珍(1974−),女,本科,高级工程师,研究方向:食品安全与食品风味化学,E-mail:

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孙细珍1, 2, * , 熊亚青1, 倪兴婷1, 吴鑫1, 李强1, 2, 柯锋1, 杨强1, 2
作者信息
  • 1劲牌有限公司,湖北黄石 435100
  • 2中药保健食品质量与安全湖北省重点实验室,湖北黄石 435100
通讯作者:
孙细珍(1974−),女,本科,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品安全与食品风味化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

孙细珍(1974−),女,本科,高级工程师,研究方向:食品安全与食品风味化学,E-mail:

Key Aroma Compounds and Their Interactions in Maopu Herbal Baijiu
Xizhen SUN1, 2, * , Yaqing XIONG1, Xingting NI1, Xin WU1, Qiang LI1, 2, Feng KE1, Qiang YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Jing Brand Co., Ltd., Huangshi 435100, China
  • 2Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Food, Huangshi 435100, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030280
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本研究旨在明确毛铺草本白酒的香气成分差异、特征香气成分及其相互作用机制。采用香气萃取物稀释分析(AEDA)测定三种草本白酒(草本8年、草本12年、草本15年)的挥发性成分及香气活性成分(FD≥2),运用液液萃取、顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对香气活性成分进行定量。基于FD值、香气活性值(OAV)与香气重组实验筛选并验证重要及特征香气成分,通过Feller加和模型和S曲线法探究特征香气成分间的相互作用。结果表明,从草本白酒中共鉴定出84种香气活性成分,主要包括酯类、酸类、醛类、萜烯类等,三种产品间挥发性物质含量存在显著差异(P<0.05);三种草本白酒(草本8年、草本12年、草本15年)中OAV≥1的重要香气物质分别为51、53、54种,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醛、丁酸、己酸、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丙酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、二甲基三硫、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷等10种物质被鉴定为草本白酒的特征香气成分;不同成分间存在掩盖、加成和协同等相互作用,如己酸乙酯与二甲基三硫间为掩盖作用,己酸乙酯与3-甲基丁酸乙酯间为加成作用,3-甲基丁酸乙酯与己酸间为协同作用。本研究结果可为草本白酒产品设计、风味重构以及品质提升提供理论依据与数据参考。

草本白酒  /  香气活性值  /  香气重组  /  特征香气成分  /  Feller加和模型  /  S曲线法

Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was employed to detect the aroma-active compounds of Maopu herbal Baijiu. The aroma-active compounds with FD≥2 were quantified through liquid-liquid extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The characteristic compounds were investigated via their FD values, aroma activity values (OAVs), and aroma recombination experiment. The interactions among these compounds were then investigated using the Feller additive model and S-curve. The result showed that a total of 84 aroma-active compounds were identified, mainly esters, acids, aldehydes, and terpenes. Significant differences were distinguished in the content of aroma compounds of the three herbal Baijiu (P<0.05). Furthermore, a total of 51, 53, and 54 compounds with OAV≥1 were confirmed as important aroma compounds in the three herbal Baijiu, respectively. The result revealed that ethyl hexanoate and ethyl butanoate played critical roles in the overall aroma characteristics. In addition, 3-methylbutanal, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, dimethyl trisulphide, and 1,1-diethoxyethane also significantly contributed to the aroma characteristics. Further experimental results showed interactions between different compounds, including masking, addition, and synergism. For example, a masking effect occurs between ethyl hexanoate and dimethyl trisulfide, an additive effect occurs between ethyl hexanoate and ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, and a synergistic effect occurs between ethyl 3-methylbutyrate and hexanoic acid. The findings of this study can offer theoretical foundations and data-driven references for product design, flavor reconstruction, and quality enhancement in the herbal Baijiu industry.

herbal Baijiu  /  odor activity value  /  aroma recombination experiment  /  characteristic compounds  /  Feller additive model  /  S-curve
孙细珍, 熊亚青, 倪兴婷, 吴鑫, 李强, 柯锋, 杨强. 毛铺草本白酒关键香气成分及其相互作用分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 306 -318 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030280
Xizhen SUN, Yaqing XIONG, Xingting NI, Xin WU, Qiang LI, Feng KE, Qiang YANG. Key Aroma Compounds and Their Interactions in Maopu Herbal Baijiu[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 306 -318 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030280
白酒是中国特有的一种蒸馏酒,也是世界六大蒸馏酒之一[1]。按照风格特征的差异,中国白酒由最初的三大香型发展为12种香型,主要包括清香、浓香、酱香、米香、兼香、药香、凤型、特香、芝麻香、老白干、馥郁香和豉香型等[2]。近年来,随着酿造技术的飞速发展,白酒的酿造过程更加精细化和智能化。同时,酿酒原料的选择也呈现出多样化的趋势,从传统的粮食原料到水果、草本植物等新型原料的引入,为白酒的风味带来了新的变化。这些变化使得不同香型白酒之间的风味界限逐渐模糊,复合香型白酒作为融合多种传统香型的创新产品,以其独特的风味和丰富的层次感赢得了消费者的喜爱。随着消费水平与需求的不断提升与变化,消费者在享受饮酒乐趣的同时,更加追求产品的品质与健康。草本白酒是以白酒为酒基,利用可食用或按照传统既是食品又是中药材(或符合相关规定)的植物及其制品,经再加工制成,不直接或间接添加食品添加剂,不改变或基本保持白酒风格[3]。毛铺草本白酒选用贵州茅台镇酱香、四川宜宾浓香、湖北黄石清香三种地标原酒为基酒,按照科学的比例勾调形成复合香型白酒,既有酱香的醇厚丰满、浓香的浓郁甘冽,又有清香的纯正柔和。同时,毛铺草本白酒还添加了苦荞麦、葛根、枸杞子等草本植物提取物,可增强其烘焙香、青草香和甜香,还赋予减小肝损伤、辅助降血脂的健康功能[4−5],深受消费者喜爱,有望成为未来白酒行业的重要发展趋势。
香气是中国白酒的重要属性,决定着白酒的风味品质,直接影响消费者对产品的接受度与认可度[6]。中国白酒中98%的成分为乙醇和水,余下约2%的微量成分对白酒的质量起着至关重要的作用[7]。相较于世界上其他蒸馏酒,白酒中微量组分种类繁多,包括酯、有机酸、醇、醛、酮及硫化物等,且不同组分的极性、溶解度以及含量差异跨度大。白酒中不同微量组分的含量及其比例,以及组分之间的相互作用等因素影响着白酒的风味特征及其品质[8]。近年来,气相色谱-嗅闻(gas chromatography-olfactometry,GC-O)、香气活度值(odor activity value,OAV)、感官组学等方法广泛应用于白酒香气成分研究,为白酒的品质提升及风味调控提供了良好的数据指导[9−10]。Wang等[11]确定了清香型白酒中14种香气化合物在52%乙醇水基质中的阈值,并利用费勒加成模型和OAV方法对清香型白酒中主要香气化合物之间的相互作用进行了全面分析。易封萍等[12]采用GC-O和OAV方法,明确了酱香型习酒主要特征性香气成分,并利用Feller加和模型和S曲线法研究了习酒中11种关键香气物质间的感官交互作用。牛云蔚等[13]采用多种技术手段将45种香气成分鉴定为茅台酒的关键香气物质,并研究了三种关键酯类香气成分间的感知相互作用。与传统白酒一样,香气同样是草本白酒重要的风味品质,目前针对草本白酒特征香气成分的研究已取得阶段性进展[14−15],但这些研究并未考虑香气成分之间的相互作用,导致特征香气成分鉴定结果不完全准确,难以实现对特定香气成分及产品香气风格的靶向调控,制约了草本白酒品质提升与风味设计的科学化发展。
本研究以毛铺草本白酒系列产品为研究对象,基于感官评价定量描述,采用液液萃取、顶空固相微萃取法联合气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)、GC-O技术对草本白酒中的香气成分进行定性和定量分析,通过芳香萃取物稀释分析(aroma extract dilution analysis,AEDA)、OAV鉴定三种草本白酒的重要香气成分,应用香气重组实验对重要香气成分进行验证,并采用热图分析三种草本白酒间香气物质的差异性,最后利用Feller加和模型和S曲线法对草本白酒中关键香气成分之间的相互作用进行研究。通过全面解析草本白酒的香气轮廓与香气成分差异,以期为提高复合香型草本白酒的香气质量及新型白酒的酿造开发提供数据参考。
毛铺草本白酒系列酒(草本8年(Y1)、草本12年(Y2)、草本15年(Y3)) 乙醇体积分数为52%,劲牌有限公司(中国湖北),生产日期为2022年,500 mL/瓶,所有样品于4 ℃环境中贮存;乙醛、乙酸乙酯、二甲基二硫、氧化芳樟醇、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、糠醛、γ-丁内酯、3-甲基丁醛、4-甲基戊酸、丙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、2-甲基丙酸乙酯、γ-壬内酯、β-大马酮、2,3-丁二酮、仲丁醇、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮、芳樟醇、丁酸乙酯、正丙醇、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、己醛、异丁醇、乙酸异戊酯、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪、戊酸乙酯、正丁醇、4-甲基戊酸乙酯、异戊醇、丁酸丁酯、异戊酸、2-糠酸乙酯、β-苯乙醇 纯度均大于98%,上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司;2-戊基呋喃、己酸乙酯、3-羟基-2-丁酮、庚酸乙酯、4-乙烯基愈创木酚、香草醛、乳酸乙酯、正己醇、二甲基三硫、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、苯丙酸乙酯、2,6-二乙基吡嗪、辛酸乙酯、2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪、乙酸、2,3-二甲基-5-乙基吡嗪、2,3,5,6-四甲基吡嗪、2-乙酰基呋喃、丙酸、异丁酸、5-甲基糠醛、己酸己酯、2-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃、丁酸、癸酸乙酯、苯乙醛、戊酸、苯乙酸乙酯、己酸、β-紫罗兰酮、2-乙酰基吡咯、4-甲基苯酚、2-辛醇(IS1)、正己醛-d12(IS2)、2-甲基丁酸-d3(IS3)、辛酸乙酯-d15(IS4)、C7~C30正构烷烃标准品 纯度均大于98%,美国Sigma-Aldrich上海分公司;二氯甲烷(使用前重蒸)、无水乙醇、氯化钠(NaCl)、无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4) 分析纯,中国国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
8890-5977B气质联用仪、DB-FFAP毛细管色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm)、HP-5色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25 μm) 美国Agilent科技有限公司;ODP4嗅闻仪、MPS 2多功能样品前处理平台 德国Gerstel公司;50/30 μm CAR/DVB/PDMS固相微萃取纤维头 美国Supelco公司;DC12H氮吹仪 上海安谱科技有限公司;Flex 2纯水系统 上海威立雅水处理技术有限公司。
参考文献[16]将试验酒样(50 mL)用超纯水稀释至体积分数为10%,加入20 μL内标液(2-辛醇、正己醛-d12、2-甲基丁酸-d3)充分混合均匀后,用颗粒状NaCl使溶液达到饱和,接着用二氯甲烷分三次萃取(40、30、30 mL),收集并合并萃取液于三角瓶中,向三角瓶中加入适量无水Na2SO4,摇匀后静置过夜。将萃取物用氮吹仪缓慢浓缩至0.5~1.0 mL,保存于−20 ℃冰箱中,供进样分析。
参考文献[17]的方法,将试验样品用超纯水稀释至体积分数为10%,取8 mL稀释液,转移至20 mL顶空瓶中,向顶空瓶中加入20 μL内标液(辛酸乙酯-d15),并加入NaCl约3 g使溶液饱和,以增强挥发性化合物的萃取效率,将50/30 μm CAR/DVB/PDMS固相微萃取纤维头插入顶空瓶上方,将顶空瓶置于50 ℃下振动萃取45 min,以确保充分吸附目标化合物。萃取结束后,立即将纤维头插入气相色谱进样口,在250 ℃下脱附5 min进行GC-MS分析。每次使用前后,将萃取头在250 ℃下老化15 min,以去除残留物,确保后续分析的准确性。
GC条件:采用两种极性色谱柱(DB-FFAP和HP-5色谱柱),不分流模式;载气为高纯氦气(99.999%),恒流模式,柱流速设定为1.2 mL/min。柱温箱温度初始为40 ℃,保持5 min后以3 ℃/min升至150 ℃,保持10 min,然后以5 ℃/min升至250 ℃,最终保持10 min。
MS条件:使用EI电子轰击离子源(能量为 70 eV);离子源和四极杆温度分别为230和150 ℃,传输线温度为280 ℃;全扫描模式,质量扫描范围为m/z 30~500。
由3名经过训练的实验人员(1男2女)开展嗅闻实验,记录香气物质的保留时间和香气特征。嗅闻口和传输线温度分别为200 ℃和280 ℃,加湿器空气流速为50 mL/min。用二氯甲烷将液液萃取所获得的萃取物按照体积1:2n(n = 0, 1, 2, 3……)进行逐级稀释后,在FFAP极性柱进行GC-O分析[18]。香气物质被嗅闻到的最高稀释比例,记为稀释因子(flavor dilution,FD)值。每位实验人员对每个样品连续嗅闻两次,且两次间保持足够间歇以防嗅觉疲劳。
将C7~C30正构烷烃标准溶液与样品在相同条件下,经DB-FFAP极性柱和HP-5非极性柱分析,根据改进的Kovats法计算各化合物的保留指数(retention index,RI);采用安捷伦Masshunter软件的解卷积功能对质谱数据进行处理后,通过NIST20.L谱库对化合物进行匹配检索,以双柱RI计算值与文献报道值差值不超过20为初步鉴定标准,结合化合物的MS谱图、RI及GC-O嗅闻结果与它们的标准品进行对照确认[19]。
以乙醇水溶液(52 %vol,pH4.2)为溶剂,配制待测组分系列标准溶液,按照与试验样品同样的方法处理后经DB-FFAP柱进行GC-MS分析。以目标物与内标物的浓度比为横坐标,定量离子响应值比为纵坐标,绘制各香气物质的标准曲线并进行定量。每个样品重复测定3次。
通过OAV评估气味物对试验样品整体香气的贡献。OAV定义为气味物的定量浓度与气味阈值的比值,气味阈值通过查阅文献获得。在不考虑基质效应与风味物质相互影响的情况下,OAVs大于1表示气味物对试验样品总体香气特征有贡献,OAVs越大则该化合物的香气贡献越大[20]。
感官评价小组由经过闻香训练且考核合格的11名感官评价员组成,包括6名男性,5名女性,其中国家级评酒委员6名,省级评酒委员5人。感官评价在恒温实验室(20±1 ℃)进行,小组成员对70种气味物的系列浓度标准溶液和草本白酒样品进行三个月的鼻前嗅闻实验,要求能准确描述每种气味物的气味特征、香气强度以及草本白酒的整体香气特征。
参照文献[21]的方法并略作改进,将15 mL实验样品倒入白酒专用品评杯中,评价员对样品进行嗅闻并尽可能多地记录感官描述词,根据描述词的出现频次进行排序,由评价小组充分讨论后选取9个描述词用于评价草本白酒的感官属性,包括果香(异戊酸乙酯)、甜香(γ-壬内酯)、陈香(葫芦巴内酯)、花香(乙酸苯乙酯)、粮香(4-乙烯基愈创木酚)、酸香(乙酸)、醇香(乙醇)、青草香(1,1-二乙氧基乙烷)和烘焙香(2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪)。
评价小组在9个感官属性上对样品的香气强度从0至5进行打分,0表示未闻到香气,5表示香气最强;剔除离群值后计算所有评价员打分结果的平均值,绘制香气轮廓图。每次嗅闻不低于90 s,不同轮次间隔30 min,所有实验均重复3次。
通过香气重组实验对AEDA和OAV法从3个草本白酒中筛选出来的关键香气成分进行确认[16]。以乙醇水溶液(52 %vol,pH4.2)为模拟基质,将OAV≥1的香气物质按其质量浓度建立对应的香气重组模型,对重组模型与原始酒样进行感官评价,分别在9个感官属性上打分。
参照文献[22]方法测定气味物在52%v/v乙醇水溶液中的嗅觉阈值。将实验过程中筛选出来的重要香气物质配制成不同浓度梯度的标准溶液,组织感官评价小组进行嗅辨训练。正式实验中,参照每种气味物在草本白酒中的定量结果配制最高浓度的标准溶液,然后按2倍稀释梯度进行逐级稀释。采用三点选配法测定气味阈值,共三个样品瓶,其中一个含待测物,另外两个对照样为52%v/v乙醇水溶液。
由小组成员对三个样品进行嗅辨,能正确嗅辨含待测物的样品,则继续测试下一个低浓度样品,直至无法正确辨别,实验重复三次。使用校正公式(1)对正确识别概率进行校正[23]。以待测物浓度的对数值为横坐标(x),校正概率(P)为纵坐标绘制曲线,采用S曲线(式(2))拟合数据点,x0为待测物的嗅觉检测阈值;D为函数的陡坡。
$\rm {P} =\mathrm{(3A-1)/2} $
式中:P为校正后的正确识别概率;A为实测值。
$\rm P =1/\left[1+\exp \left(\frac{x-{\mathrm{x}}_{0}}{D}\right)\right] $
式中:x0为待测物的嗅觉检测阈值;D为函数的陡坡。
按照草本白酒中香气物质的定量浓度配制二元混合物(A+B),采用上述相同方法测定其阈值。气味物A和B的正确检测概率分别为P(A)和P(B),按加合公式(3)计算二元混合物(A+B)的正确检测概率;二元混合物的理论阈值采用S曲线拟合,计算实验阈值与理论阈值的比值R。若R≤0.5,表明混合物间存在协同作用;若0.5<R<1,则为加成作用;若R=1,表明无相互作用;若R>1,则为掩盖作用[24]。
$ \mathrm{P(AB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A)P(B)} $
使用 SPSS 22.0 软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),以确定样本间的最小显著差异。P<0.05被认为具有统计意义。使用Origin 2021软件进行线性和非线性回归图形绘制。所有试验均重复3次,气味物的定量结果以重复试验的均值±标准差表示。
采用AEDA法从三种草本白酒中鉴别出FD≥2的气味物共84种,其中酯类21种、醇类8种、醛及缩醛类共6种,酮类为3种,酸类8种,吡嗪和呋喃分别为7种和6种,酚类5种,硫化物和萜烯类分别为2种和13种,其他类5种。根据表1数据,三种草本白酒FD居前的香气物质种类基本一致,但是在气味强度上存在一定的差异,如己酸乙酯在三种草本白酒中FD均居于首位,高达2048、4096、4096;其次为丁酸乙酯,分别为512、1024、1024。整体而言,Y2与Y3中香气物质的气味强度无显著差异(P>0.05),但二者的气味强度均显著高于Y1(P<0.05)。Y1中共有6种高风味稀释倍数(FD≥256)香气物质,分别为己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、丁酸和己酸;Y3中高FD香气物质在Y1的基础上另增3种,为二甲基三硫、2-甲基丙酸乙酯和2-甲基丁酸乙酯,总数为9种;Y2则在Y3基础上再增加一种高FD香气物质1,1-二乙氧基乙烷,共计10种。
从表1可知,酯类是草本白酒中种类最多的香气物质,大多呈果香、花香、甜香等悦人的香气,是中国白酒中重要的风味物质。白酒中的酯类来源主要有三种途径:a. 在白酒的酿造过程中相关微生物代谢形成;b. 发酵过程中酵母和部分微生物活动产生;c. 在发酵的后期或者贮存过程中,游离的酸醇分子通过化学反应合成相应的酯类物质[25]。其中乙酯主要由酵母、丝状真菌等微生物代谢以及有机酸在发酵过程中经酯化反应而形成[26]。其中己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、戊酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、4-甲基戊酸乙酯和苯丙酸乙酯因具有较高的香气强度(FD≥32),对草本白酒的果香和甜香具有重要贡献。
酸类物质大多呈现酸味、奶酪香,对白酒的香气与口感具有非常重要的影响,主要由酿酒原料中的淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪在细菌、酵母菌和霉菌等微生物的作用下转化而成,此外部分醇类及醛类物质发生氧化也能生成酸类物质[27]。如表1所示,己酸和丁酸在草本白酒中均具有较高的香气强度(FD≥256),它们对形成草本白酒的风味轮廓具有重要贡献。己酸和丁酸在浓香型白酒“泥香”和“烤香”中起到关键作用[28],适量有机酸能使酒体丰满、协调,有效地降低白酒的辛辣味和苦味,增加白酒的甜度[29]。
与其他白酒一样,醇类物质是草本白酒中重要的香气活性物质。通过GC-O,从草本白酒中共鉴定出8种醇类物质,大多呈现青香、果香、酒香。这些醇类物质主要由酵母在发酵过程中通过氨基酸降解途径和酮酸合成途径产生[30],其含量及种类与原料、菌种及发酵条件(如温度、湿度、时间等)等有关[31]。正丁醇、异戊醇、1-辛烯-3-醇和β-苯乙醇具有较大的香气强度,对草本白酒的香气轮廓具有重要影响。
醛酮类化合物是草本白酒中非常重要的香气物质,本实验从草本白酒中共检出5种醛类、1种缩醛类和3种酮类物质,大多具有青草香、果香、花香和甜香。白酒中醛酮类化合物生成途径众多,如醇氧化、氨基酸脱氨脱羧、酮酸脱羧等[32],其中乙醛来源于丙氨酸,3-甲基丁醛来源于异亮氨酸和亮氨酸[33],乙缩醛则主要来源于乙醛与乙醇的缩合反应,缩醛在酸的作用下易分解为原来的醛和醇;此外草本植物也是草本白酒中醛酮类的重要来源途径之一。3-甲基丁醛、乙醛、乙缩醛、2,3-丁二酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮具有较高的香气强度,对形成草本白酒的香气特征具有重要影响。
除上述化合物外,7种吡嗪、6种呋喃、5种酚类、2种硫化物、13种萜烯类以及5种其他类化合物被检测出来。吡嗪类物质主要由于糖和氨基酸在高温下产生[34],草本植物在热提取的过程中也会产生一些吡嗪类物质,大多具有烘焙和坚果的香气,赋予酒体典型、优雅的风格[35],同时具有扩张人体血管并改善微循环,以及抑制血小板积聚、保肝护肝等健康功能[36]。二甲基三硫、β-大马酮、糠醛、γ-丁内酯和γ-壬内酯也具有较高的FD值,对草本白酒的香气影响不可忽略。其中二甲基三硫由一些含硫氨基酸如蛋氨酸、胱氨酸通过热分解产生,其气味阈值较低[37−38],呈煮熟的卷心菜气味,是白酒中重要的香气化合物之一。糠醛通常表现出甜香、焦糖香,一般由糖和氨基酸相互作用形成,对白酒的风味有积极的贡献[39−40],γ-丁内酯和γ-壬内酯具有奶油香、甜香,同时还具有抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗炎等生理作用[41−42]。从草本白酒中检测出13种萜烯类化合物,萜烯类大多呈现愉悦的花香,对提高草本白酒的花香与细腻度具有重要作用,如β-大马酮具在较强的花香和甜香,草本白酒中萜烯类化合物主要来源于草本植物。此外氧化芳樟醇、β-紫罗兰酮、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮的香气强度并不高,但是对草本白酒的香气影响也需要关注。
GC-O与AEDA方法通过构建感官与气味物间的联系,将气味物的香气强度进行数据化,解决了饮料酒香气活性化合物的有效鉴定问题。但是AEDA并不能全面地评价气味物对整体香气的贡献,基质效应对气味物的香气表达具有巨大影响[43],比如基质中的主要成分乙醇会影响酒中微量成分的挥发性,因此,需要在AEDA法的基础上结合OAV对气味物的香气表达进行进一步的探究。本实验对表1中FD≥4的68种气味物进行了定量分析,定量结果与OAV如表2所示。
根据表2中的定量结果对三种草本白酒中香气物质的总体含量分布进行对比分析。从图1可知,Y2中挥发性物质最为丰富,Y1中挥发性物质总量少于另外两种产品。酯类、酸类及醇类物质是三种草本白酒中含量最为丰富的挥发性成分,三者总量占挥发性物质总量的80%以上,构成了酒体风味的物质基础;醛与缩醛类物质在草本白酒中绝对含量相对较低,但在草本白酒的放香、香气层次构建与风味平衡中发挥着重要作用;此外,吡嗪类、萜烯类、内酯类等微量成分在草本白酒中的含量较低,但是对整体风味轮廓的形成、增强酒体的协调性及独特性具有重要作用。
进一步,对三种草本白酒中含量较高的骨架指标(100 mg/L以上)进行对比分析,从图2可知,乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯是草本白酒中含量最为丰富的酯类物质。其中,乙酸乙酯的含量最高,达900~1600 mg/L,赋予酒体菠萝香与清香气息;己酸乙酯的含量次之,对白酒的甜香、香蕉等水果香的形成具有重要作用。有机酸在草本白酒中的含量也较为丰富,尤其乙酸、己酸的含量居前,有机酸可增强白酒的后味,使口感更显绵柔圆润。正丙醇是草本白酒中除乙醇外含量最高的醇类物质,含量适当时可增强酒体的醇厚感,与酯类、有机酸等共同形成草本白酒的风味骨架。
根据香气物质的定量结果和气味阈值计算OAV,OAV大于1的物质被认为对样品的香气有贡献。从表2可知,三种草本白酒(草本8年、草本12年、草本15年)中OAVs大于1的化合物分别为51、53、54种。结合表1,发现高OAV物质通常具有高FD值,如己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯,另有少部分香气物质尽管FD值很高,但却有很低的OAV,或者相反。如苯丙酸乙酯、异戊醇和香草醛具有较高的FD,但是OAV却相对较低,正己醇的FD值并不高,但是具有较高的OAV;2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-乙酰基吡咯和γ-己内酯的FD均大于4,但是它们的OAV却小于1。分析原因可能为基质效应对气味物的香气表达存在一定的影响,同时也可能存在检测误差等干扰因素,后续需采用香气重组实验进一步明晰气味物的香气贡献。
一般来说,化合物的OAV越大,其香气贡献越大,进一步对三种草本白酒中关键香气物质(OAV≥100)进行对比分析(图3)。从图3可知,己酸乙酯(4305~6385)、丁酸乙酯(904~1503)、异戊酸乙酯(289~456)、异丁酸乙酯(108~180)、2-甲基丁酸乙酯(219~307)、二甲基三硫(75~337)、己酸(182~266)、丁酸(77~141)、乙缩醛(131~164)、3-甲基丁醛(99~175)等在三种草本白酒中均具有较高OAV,这些化合物对形成草本白酒的香气特征具有重要影响。结合图2和图3,可以发现含量高的化合物并不一定具有高OAV,单纯通过含量判断风味贡献具有局限性,需结合气味阈值综合评估。如乙酸乙酯在草本白酒中含量最高,但由于其气味阈值也较高,OAV并不高;相反地,3-甲基丁醛、二甲基三硫在草本白酒中含量较低,但因低阈值而成为草本白酒中重要的香气物质。
为系统剖析草本白酒的香气特征,采用热图对三种草本白酒中重要香气物质(OAV≥1)进行综合对比(图4)。统计分析显示,三种草本白酒中重要香气物质含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中Y1与其余两种草本样品的差异尤为突出,这些差异赋予三种草本白酒各具特色的香气特征。Y1中香气物质的整体含量明显低于Y2和Y3,这与草本白酒8年淡雅型风格特征较为吻合。具体来看,Y1与Y2间主要的差异物质为辛酸乙酯、正丁醇、二甲基三硫、乙酸乙酯、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、乙酸和己酸等;而Y2与Y3之间主要差异物质则包括苯丙酸乙酯、己酸、二甲基三硫、苯乙醛、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇、仲丁醇等。值得注意的是,Y3中有机酸以及β-大马酮、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮等萜烯类物质的含量显著高于Y2;同时,1-辛烯-3-醇、3-甲基丁醛以及醇类在Y3中的含量较高,这些特征共同形成了草本白酒15年香气馥郁优雅、口感醇厚饱满、风味层次丰富细腻的风格。此外,在果香相关的酯类物质方面,如己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等,Y2的含量最高;而具有烘焙香气的2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪,它们在Y2中的含量也明显高于Y1和Y3,共同形成了草本白酒12年香气和谐,口感绵甜、圆润顺滑的风格特征。
由于气味物在空气与乙醇中的嗅觉阈值存在差异,且气味物在不同基质中表现出来的香气特征也不相同,故采用香气重组实验对AEDA和OAVs方法的识别结果进行验证,以进一步评估上述气味物对草本白酒香气特征形成的贡献度。将表2中OAV≥1的香气物质按其定量结果溶解于模拟基质中,获得3个香气重组模型。在9个感官描述属性(果香、甜香、醇香、花香、粮香、青草香、陈香、酸香和烘焙香)上,感官评价小组分别对香气重组模型与原始样品进行打分,根据得分平均值绘制风味轮廓图(图5)。
通过图5(A)的感官分析可知,草本12年与15年的香气轮廓无显著差异(P>0.05),而草本8年在果香、甜香、烘焙香等9个关键感官属性评分上均低于其他两个样品(P<0.05);草本12年与15年的果香和甜香特征突出,主要归因于其较高含量的酯类物质,如乙酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、己酸乙酯等,与此同时β-大马酮也呈现甜香香韵;2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、四甲基吡嗪等吡嗪类对提升这两款产品的烘焙香气具有促进作用。草本15年的酸香、陈香、花香强度均高于另外两款样品,这与其较长的贮存年份密切相关,其中己酸、丁酸、乙酸等有机酸是酸香的主要贡献物质;香草醛、二甲基三硫等对陈香的形成具有重要作用;β-大马酮、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮等萜烯类化合物则显著提升了花香感知。此外,推测1-辛烯-3-醇、3-甲基丁醛、乳酸乙酯可能是草本12年和15年粮香更为浓郁的影响因素;而草本12年青草香较高,这与其乙醛、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷的含量较高密切相关。
图5(B)~图5(D)显示,在果香、青草香、酸香、花香上,三个草本白酒的重组模型均与各自的原始酒样基本一致,而重组模型的醇香均高于原始酒样(P>0.05),分析原因为采用乙醇水溶液作为重组基质,乙醇与香气物质间尚未产生充分的缔合作用,故醇香更强。此外,重组模型YR1的烘焙香、粮香、陈香低于原始酒样;草本12重组模型(YR2)与原始酒样在烘焙香、陈香、粮香、花香香韵得分上略有差异(P>0.05),其他香韵基本一致;草本15重组模型(YR3)与原始酒样在整体香气轮廓上相似,重组模型YR3的烘焙香香韵得分低于原始酒样,醇香得分高于原始酒样。推测产生上述差异的主要原因包括以下几方面,首先由于草本白酒微量成分的多样性与复杂性,可能还有一些量小香大的化合物未被识别出来;其次某些含量较低的香气物质定量结果可能存在实验误差,影响香气重组模型准确度;最后,样品中存在一些不挥发或难挥发组分,虽然不直接贡献香气,但是对气味物的呈香具有交互作用,显然重组实验并没有考虑该因素。综合以上结果,重组模型可以成功地模拟三种草本白酒原始样品的香气轮廓,但是要实现所有感官属性的完全重组还需要进一步研究。
FD和OAV结果表明酯类是草本白酒中非常重要的香气物质,如己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等直链脂肪酸乙酯,3-甲基丁酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯等支链脂肪酸乙酯;此外,二甲基三硫、己酸、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醛对草本白酒的香气也具有重要的影响,这些化合物与酯类物质间的相互作用尚不清楚。故选择Y2中的己酸乙酯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯分别作为直链和支链酯的代表,考察二甲基三硫、己酸、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醛与它们间的感官交互作用。6种化合物组成9个二元混合物,每种化合物按其在Y2样品中的实际质量浓度混合(表3)。
获取的实验阈值与Feller加和模型计算得到的理论阈值进行比较[12],结果如图6所示,二元混合物1#、2#、4#、6#的R值分别为3.68、2.02、2.29和1.57,均大于1,表明己酸乙酯与二甲基三硫、己酸、3-甲基丁醛之间,以及3-甲基丁酸乙酸与二甲基三硫之间均存在掩盖作用。而3#、5#、8#、9#的R值分别为0.81、0.55、0.67和0.84,均介于0.5和1之间,表明己酸乙酯与1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁酸乙酯之间,3-甲基丁酸乙酯与1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醛之间均为加成作用。7#的R值为0.37,小于0.5,表明3-甲基丁酸乙酯与己酸间出现了协同作用。
实验结果表明,草本白酒中二甲基三硫含量较低,却对其香气表达影响重大,二甲基三硫能够掩盖草本白酒中酯类香气,削弱酒中的果香与甜香香韵。1,1-二乙氧基乙烷与草本白酒中酯类间呈现出香气增强作用,可促进草本白酒放香;但是,在1,1-二乙氧基乙烷与己酸乙酯组成的二元混合体系中,果香与甜香强度却低于己酸乙酯单独构成的一元体系,说明香气成分间的相互作用与香韵间的相互作用规律并不一致。己酸和3-甲基丁醛对草本白酒香气表达同样关键,它们会掩盖己酸乙酯的香气,与3-甲基丁酸乙酯间却具有增强作用;己酸乙酯与3-甲基丁酸乙酯两种酯之间则存在互相增强作用。由此可见,香气成分间的交互作用机制极为复杂。以己酸为例,其与不同酯类之间的交互作用机制截然不同。表明香气成分间的交互作用机制,与它们的含量比例、化学结构、香韵等性质紧密相关,因此有必要深入探究香气物质在多元体系下的相互作用,明确各香气物质对草本白酒香气的贡献,以期定向调控草本白酒的香气品质。
通过LLE、HS-SPME结合GC-MS-O技术对草本白酒中的香气成分进行提取分离和定性分析,并采用AEDA从三种草本白酒中共鉴定出84种挥发性香气成分(FD≥2)。基于定量结果与气味阈值,从三种草本白酒中分别鉴定出51、53、54种OAV≥1的重要香气物质,通过香气重组实验,己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醛、丁酸、己酸、3-甲基丁酸乙酯、2-甲基丙酸乙酯、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、二甲基三硫、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷由于具有高FD和OAV被鉴定为草本白酒的特征香气成分。通过热图分析,发现三种草本白酒在香气物质种类上基本无差异,在香气物质含量与比例上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。两种方法结合使用有利于草本白酒中香气成分的定性与定量分析,其中SPME方法对于酯类具有较好的重复性与准确度,LLE方法对于酸类、醛类具有良好的选择性。
研究了二甲基三硫、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醛、己酸与己酸乙酯、3-甲基丁酸乙酯间的香气相互作用。Feller加和模型和S曲线法研究结果表明,二甲基三硫、3-甲基丁醛、己酸与己酸乙酯混合后具有掩盖作用,1,1-二乙氧基乙烷与己酸乙酯间存在加成作用;二甲基三硫与3-甲基丁酸乙酯间则为掩盖作用,1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醛与3-甲基丁酸乙酯混合后发生加成作用,己酸与3-甲基丁酸乙酯间存在协同作用;己酸乙酯与3-甲基丁酸乙酯间为加成作用。实验结果表明香气物质间的交互作用机制极为复杂,与它们的含量比例、化学结构、香韵等性质存在紧密关系,香气成分间的交互作用与香韵间的相互作用规律不一致,有必要深入研究多元体系下香气物质间的交互作用,以及不同香韵的相互作用。综上,本研究明确了三种草本白酒的特征香气成分及其香气作用机制,对实现特征香气成分及产品香气风格的靶向调控具有良好的指导作用,也为草本白酒的产品设计、风味重构提供理论参考,对提升草本白酒的风味品质具有重要意义。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030280
  • 接收时间:2025-03-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20
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作者信息
    1劲牌有限公司,湖北黄石 435100
    2中药保健食品质量与安全湖北省重点实验室,湖北黄石 435100

通讯作者:

孙细珍(1974−),女,本科,正高级工程师,研究方向:食品安全与食品风味化学,E-mail:。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/spgykj/CN/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030280
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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