Article(id=1320886684665888970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030275, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742400000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792853526512, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792853526512, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792853526512, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792853526512, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=71, endPage=77, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320886684863021259, articleId=1320886684665888970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Ultrasonic-assisted Boiling on Flavor Quality of Pickled Potherb Mustard-Large Yellow Croaker Soup, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Fish soup, using large yellow croaker and pickled potherb mustard as raw materials, was prepared by traditional boiling method and ultrasonic-assisted boiling method, respectively. The changes in flavor characteristics of fish soup during the boiling process were analyzed and compared by sensory evaluation, high performance liquid chromatography, electronic tongue and electronic nose techniques. The results showed that ultrasonic-assisted boiling significantly increased the contents of soluble protein, TCA-soluble peptides and amino nitrogen in the pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup, and the sensory scores of the soup in terms of umami, aroma and taste were all better than those of the traditionally boiled samples. Ultrasonic-assisted boiling obviously increased the total contents of flavor nucleotides, organic acids and free amino acids in the fish soup, reaching the maximum values of 57.99 mg/100 mL, 95.22 mg/mL and 121.02 mg/100 mL, respectively, after 90 min of boiling. The contents of sweet amino acids such as proline and serine in the ultrasonic group samples increased, while the contents of some bitter amino acids such as histidine, isoleucine and valine reduced. Electronic tongue analysis indicated that the bitterness of the ultrasonic group samples decreased, while the umami characteristics were significantly enhanced. Electronic nose analysis could effectively distinguish the odor differences between the ultrasonic and control group samples. In summary, ultrasonic-assisted boiling can effectively promote the release and degradation of flavor precursors in fish meat and potherb mustard, and reduce the formation of undesirable flavor components, thereby improving the overall flavor quality of the fish soup.

, authors=Honglei ZHAO1, 2, Shanhui LI1, Xuepeng LI1, Ying BU1, Shumin YI1, Jianrong LI1, Yongxia XU1, *, authorsList=Honglei ZHAO, Shanhui LI, Xuepeng LI, Ying BU, Shumin YI, Jianrong LI, Yongxia XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yongxia XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320886686062592212, articleId=1320886684665888970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=超声辅助熬煮对雪菜大黄鱼汤风味特性的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以大黄鱼和腌制雪菜为原料,分别采用传统熬煮法和超声辅助熬煮法制备鱼汤,通过感官评价、高效液相色谱、电子舌和电子鼻等技术,分析比较了不同方法熬煮过程中鱼汤风味特性的变化。结果表明,超声辅助熬煮显著提高了雪菜大黄鱼汤中可溶性蛋白、TCA-可溶性肽和氨基酸态氮含量,使鱼汤在鲜味、香气和口感方面的感官评分均优于传统熬煮样品。超声辅助熬煮明显提高了鱼汤中呈味核苷酸、有机酸和游离氨基酸的总含量,在熬煮90 min时分别达到最高值57.99 mg/100 mL、95.22 mg/mL和121.02 mg/100 mL。超声组样品中脯氨酸、丝氨酸等甜味氨基酸的含量升高,而组氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸等苦味氨基酸的含量降低。电子舌分析表明,超声组样品的苦味降低,而鲜味特性明显增强。电子鼻分析可有效区分超声组与对照组样品间的气味差异。综上所述,超声辅助熬煮可有效促进鱼肉和雪菜中风味前体物质的释放和降解,并减少不良风味成分的生成,提升鱼汤的整体风味品质。

, authors=赵洪雷1, 2, 李珊慧1, 李学鹏1, 步营1, 仪淑敏1, 励建荣1, 徐永霞1, *, authorsList=赵洪雷, 李珊慧, 李学鹏, 步营, 仪淑敏, 励建荣, 徐永霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐永霞, authorNote=

赵洪雷(1982−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:水产品贮藏加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐永霞(1983−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品贮藏加工及风味化学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=eXM/cyFGZ6y8AEH/D1hJKg==, magXml=N47QRlGM46vKF9g1Ut+poA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=94pYepkr3w4v0i3QjBL8+A==, pdfFileSize=969959, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=U+Q4Awgr9mr/AZcHenSACg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=K/jfKVw3P0oAXa/dA1c5jg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320886688142967004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=cristy320@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320886688239435999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, authorId=1320886688142967004, language=EN, stringName=Honglei ZHAO, firstName=Honglei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
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注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2同。

, figureFileSmall=7j+wv2M9Qh0qOEvHPss+fw==, figureFileBig=U+Q4Awgr9mr/AZcHenSACg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886692718952715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different cooking time on TCA-soluble peptide and amino acid nitrogen content of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup, figureFileSmall=p9qeTy91XuGKzuUp7S1YWA==, figureFileBig=6fk6/0cJ70ZenVsPyBpSPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886692802838796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同熬煮时间对雪菜大黄鱼汤TCA-可溶性肽和氨基酸态氮含量的影响, figureFileSmall=p9qeTy91XuGKzuUp7S1YWA==, figureFileBig=6fk6/0cJ70ZenVsPyBpSPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886692869947661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Electronic tongue radar map of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup under different cooking time, figureFileSmall=Hmut7wnv+eFhAOM0fOSziA==, figureFileBig=QjdtKQOp42FN7Ii3Hvkryg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886692941250830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同熬煮时间下雪菜大黄鱼汤电子舌雷达图和主成分分析图, figureFileSmall=Hmut7wnv+eFhAOM0fOSziA==, figureFileBig=QjdtKQOp42FN7Ii3Hvkryg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886693004165391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electronic nose LDA analysis of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup under different cooking time, figureFileSmall=zTsERmLf9b7wHuHlAxrOpw==, figureFileBig=0dXxZIhjJzozaTD8JP0W4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886693067079952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同熬煮时间下雪菜大黄鱼汤电子鼻LDA分析, figureFileSmall=zTsERmLf9b7wHuHlAxrOpw==, figureFileBig=0dXxZIhjJzozaTD8JP0W4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320886693163548945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation standard of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标权重(%)评价标准得分(分)
气味30香气浓郁,雪菜清香与鱼香味融合,无腥味8~10
香气一般,雪菜清香与鱼香味协调较差,腥味较淡4~7
香气不足,腥味较重0~3
滋味30鲜味浓郁,咸酸适宜,口味协调8~10
鲜味一般,咸酸适中,口味较协调4~7
鲜味不足,过酸、过咸或咸度不足,口味不协调0~3
色泽20呈乳白色,颜色均匀,无沉淀8~10
呈淡黄色,颜色较均匀,有少量沉淀4~7
颜色发暗,较浑浊,有较多沉淀0~3
可接受程度20整体风味协调,可接受度高8~10
风味协调性一般,可接受度良好4~7
风味不佳,难以接受0~3
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693272600850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

雪菜大黄鱼汤感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标权重(%)评价标准得分(分)
气味30香气浓郁,雪菜清香与鱼香味融合,无腥味8~10
香气一般,雪菜清香与鱼香味协调较差,腥味较淡4~7
香气不足,腥味较重0~3
滋味30鲜味浓郁,咸酸适宜,口味协调8~10
鲜味一般,咸酸适中,口味较协调4~7
鲜味不足,过酸、过咸或咸度不足,口味不协调0~3
色泽20呈乳白色,颜色均匀,无沉淀8~10
呈淡黄色,颜色较均匀,有少量沉淀4~7
颜色发暗,较浑浊,有较多沉淀0~3
可接受程度20整体风味协调,可接受度高8~10
风味协调性一般,可接受度良好4~7
风味不佳,难以接受0~3
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693335515411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of different cooking time on nucleotide content of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核苷酸
名称
核苷酸含量(mg/100 mL)
C30 minC60 minC90 minU30 minU60 minU90 min
5'-AMP11.01±0.30ab11.08±0.17ab11.43±0.04a10.88±0.13b11.30±0.17ab11.28±0.06ab
5'-IMP4.01±0.51b3.93±0.49b5.05±0.15a5.87±0.13a5.51±0.22a5.23±0.05a
5'-GMP25.32±2.28c32.13±2.03bc36.27±1.85ab33.59±3.24b38.54±2.05ab41.47±1.16a
总量40.34±3.09d47.14±2.69cd52.75±2.04abc50.34±3.50bc55.36±2.44ab57.99±1.27a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693402624276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同熬煮时间对雪菜大黄鱼汤核苷酸含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
核苷酸
名称
核苷酸含量(mg/100 mL)
C30 minC60 minC90 minU30 minU60 minU90 min
5'-AMP11.01±0.30ab11.08±0.17ab11.43±0.04a10.88±0.13b11.30±0.17ab11.28±0.06ab
5'-IMP4.01±0.51b3.93±0.49b5.05±0.15a5.87±0.13a5.51±0.22a5.23±0.05a
5'-GMP25.32±2.28c32.13±2.03bc36.27±1.85ab33.59±3.24b38.54±2.05ab41.47±1.16a
总量40.34±3.09d47.14±2.69cd52.75±2.04abc50.34±3.50bc55.36±2.44ab57.99±1.27a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693473927445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different cooking time on organic acid content of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有机酸名称有机酸含量(mg/mL)
C30 minC60 minC90 minU30 minU60 minU90 min
苹果酸4.08±0.07d8.23±0.20c12.14±0.12b8.81±0.23c12.63±0.32b17.11±0.10a
乳酸17.00±0.10f21.66±0.06d27.36±0.05b19.73±0.11e25.73±1.18c31.28±0.20a
柠檬酸2.21±0.10e3.04±0.23d3.83±0.07b2.85±0.35d3.37±0.04c5.37±0.08a
琥珀酸22.91±1.77f24.37±1.01e26.19±1.74d34.74±0.90c37.76±1.03b41.46±0.96a
总量46.20±2.04f57.30±1.50e69.52±1.98c66.13±1.59d79.49±2.57b95.22±1.34a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693532647702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同熬煮时间对雪菜大黄鱼汤有机酸含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有机酸名称有机酸含量(mg/mL)
C30 minC60 minC90 minU30 minU60 minU90 min
苹果酸4.08±0.07d8.23±0.20c12.14±0.12b8.81±0.23c12.63±0.32b17.11±0.10a
乳酸17.00±0.10f21.66±0.06d27.36±0.05b19.73±0.11e25.73±1.18c31.28±0.20a
柠檬酸2.21±0.10e3.04±0.23d3.83±0.07b2.85±0.35d3.37±0.04c5.37±0.08a
琥珀酸22.91±1.77f24.37±1.01e26.19±1.74d34.74±0.90c37.76±1.03b41.46±0.96a
总量46.20±2.04f57.30±1.50e69.52±1.98c66.13±1.59d79.49±2.57b95.22±1.34a
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693591367959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different cooking time on free amino acid content of pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
呈味
类型
氨基酸
名称
氨基酸浓度(mg/100 mL)
C30 minC60 minC90 minU30 minU60 minU90 min
鲜味天冬氨酸2.934.004.042.764.114.76
谷氨酸7.8510.0511.848.599.3211.89
甜味丙氨酸5.917.009.257.506.768.29
甘氨酸10.438.1620.7611.198.7117.46
苏氨酸4.065.055.253.532.978.27
丝氨酸4.384.827.365.076.149.32
脯氨酸7.8510.5616.3112.5618.1924.30
苦味精氨酸1.802.032.482.212.252.43
蛋氨酸0.530.620.800.640.540.68
赖氨酸11.8411.9714.066.799.3518.24
苯丙氨酸1.651.752.171.791.731.96
组氨酸3.314.186.103.163.745.14
异亮氨酸1.171.411.631.271.301.37
缬氨酸1.862.612.862.042.102.35
亮氨酸2.232.623.232.472.532.73
酪氨酸1.431.542.051.591.641.83
总量69.2378.37110.1973.1681.38121.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320886693658476824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320886684665888970, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同熬煮时间对雪菜大黄鱼汤游离氨基酸含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
呈味
类型
氨基酸
名称
氨基酸浓度(mg/100 mL)
C30 minC60 minC90 minU30 minU60 minU90 min
鲜味天冬氨酸2.934.004.042.764.114.76
谷氨酸7.8510.0511.848.599.3211.89
甜味丙氨酸5.917.009.257.506.768.29
甘氨酸10.438.1620.7611.198.7117.46
苏氨酸4.065.055.253.532.978.27
丝氨酸4.384.827.365.076.149.32
脯氨酸7.8510.5616.3112.5618.1924.30
苦味精氨酸1.802.032.482.212.252.43
蛋氨酸0.530.620.800.640.540.68
赖氨酸11.8411.9714.066.799.3518.24
苯丙氨酸1.651.752.171.791.731.96
组氨酸3.314.186.103.163.745.14
异亮氨酸1.171.411.631.271.301.37
缬氨酸1.862.612.862.042.102.35
亮氨酸2.232.623.232.472.532.73
酪氨酸1.431.542.051.591.641.83
总量69.2378.37110.1973.1681.38121.02
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超声辅助熬煮对雪菜大黄鱼汤风味特性的影响
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赵洪雷 1, 2 , 李珊慧 1 , 李学鹏 1 , 步营 1 , 仪淑敏 1 , 励建荣 1 , 徐永霞 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(6): 71-77
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (6) : 71 -77
超声辅助熬煮对雪菜大黄鱼汤风味特性的影响
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赵洪雷1, 2 , 李珊慧1, 李学鹏1, 步营1, 仪淑敏1, 励建荣1, 徐永霞1, *
作者信息
  • 1渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,生鲜农产品贮藏加工及安全控制技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,辽宁锦州 121013
  • 2哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028
通讯作者:
徐永霞(1983−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品贮藏加工及风味化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

赵洪雷(1982−),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:水产品贮藏加工,E-mail:

Effect of Ultrasonic-assisted Boiling on Flavor Quality of Pickled Potherb Mustard-Large Yellow Croaker Soup
Honglei ZHAO1, 2 , Shanhui LI1, Xuepeng LI1, Ying BU1, Shumin YI1, Jianrong LI1, Yongxia XU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
  • 2College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030275
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以大黄鱼和腌制雪菜为原料,分别采用传统熬煮法和超声辅助熬煮法制备鱼汤,通过感官评价、高效液相色谱、电子舌和电子鼻等技术,分析比较了不同方法熬煮过程中鱼汤风味特性的变化。结果表明,超声辅助熬煮显著提高了雪菜大黄鱼汤中可溶性蛋白、TCA-可溶性肽和氨基酸态氮含量,使鱼汤在鲜味、香气和口感方面的感官评分均优于传统熬煮样品。超声辅助熬煮明显提高了鱼汤中呈味核苷酸、有机酸和游离氨基酸的总含量,在熬煮90 min时分别达到最高值57.99 mg/100 mL、95.22 mg/mL和121.02 mg/100 mL。超声组样品中脯氨酸、丝氨酸等甜味氨基酸的含量升高,而组氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸等苦味氨基酸的含量降低。电子舌分析表明,超声组样品的苦味降低,而鲜味特性明显增强。电子鼻分析可有效区分超声组与对照组样品间的气味差异。综上所述,超声辅助熬煮可有效促进鱼肉和雪菜中风味前体物质的释放和降解,并减少不良风味成分的生成,提升鱼汤的整体风味品质。

大黄鱼  /  雪菜  /  超声波  /  鱼汤  /  风味

Fish soup, using large yellow croaker and pickled potherb mustard as raw materials, was prepared by traditional boiling method and ultrasonic-assisted boiling method, respectively. The changes in flavor characteristics of fish soup during the boiling process were analyzed and compared by sensory evaluation, high performance liquid chromatography, electronic tongue and electronic nose techniques. The results showed that ultrasonic-assisted boiling significantly increased the contents of soluble protein, TCA-soluble peptides and amino nitrogen in the pickled potherb mustard-large yellow croaker soup, and the sensory scores of the soup in terms of umami, aroma and taste were all better than those of the traditionally boiled samples. Ultrasonic-assisted boiling obviously increased the total contents of flavor nucleotides, organic acids and free amino acids in the fish soup, reaching the maximum values of 57.99 mg/100 mL, 95.22 mg/mL and 121.02 mg/100 mL, respectively, after 90 min of boiling. The contents of sweet amino acids such as proline and serine in the ultrasonic group samples increased, while the contents of some bitter amino acids such as histidine, isoleucine and valine reduced. Electronic tongue analysis indicated that the bitterness of the ultrasonic group samples decreased, while the umami characteristics were significantly enhanced. Electronic nose analysis could effectively distinguish the odor differences between the ultrasonic and control group samples. In summary, ultrasonic-assisted boiling can effectively promote the release and degradation of flavor precursors in fish meat and potherb mustard, and reduce the formation of undesirable flavor components, thereby improving the overall flavor quality of the fish soup.

large yellow croaker  /  potherb mustard  /  ultrasonic  /  fish soup  /  flavor
赵洪雷, 李珊慧, 李学鹏, 步营, 仪淑敏, 励建荣, 徐永霞. 超声辅助熬煮对雪菜大黄鱼汤风味特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030275
Honglei ZHAO, Shanhui LI, Xuepeng LI, Ying BU, Shumin YI, Jianrong LI, Yongxia XU. Effect of Ultrasonic-assisted Boiling on Flavor Quality of Pickled Potherb Mustard-Large Yellow Croaker Soup[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030275
大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea),俗称黄花鱼,为石首鱼科黄鱼属,因其肉质细嫩、味道鲜美且富含必需氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质和微量元素而受到消费者的青睐[1]。雪菜(Brassica juncea var. crispifolia)属十字花科蔬菜,又名雪里蕻、雪里红等,其营养价值较高,且具有一定的抗氧化功能[2]。研究表明,雪菜中富含硫代葡萄糖苷类化合物,在腌制过程中代谢为异硫氰酸盐类物质,赋予腌制雪菜特有的芳香味,同时具有抗氧化、预防癌症、调节肠道菌群等多种生理功能[3]。在浙江省宁波市,以大黄鱼和腌制雪菜为主材的雪菜大黄鱼汤是一道传统名菜,当地民谣“大汤黄鱼摆咸齑”即指此道佳肴,其独特的风味兼具大黄鱼的鲜美和雪菜的清香。
鱼汤滋味鲜美、口感醇厚,营养组成丰富,且具有滋补身体、增强免疫力等功效,深受消费者的喜爱[4]。鱼汤在熬制过程中,鱼肉中的蛋白质、脂肪和糖类等营养成分逐渐溶解并分解为呈味核苷酸、氨基酸和呈味肽等风味物质。传统的加热熬煮方式能够赋予鱼汤色泽和风味,但存在耗时较长、能耗较高等缺点。近年来的研究发现,利用超声波的“声空化”现象能够有效促进植物细胞壁破裂并加速细胞内物质的释放[5],并能破坏肌肉纤维结构,加速蛋白质、核苷酸等风味前体物质的溶出[6−7],在食品加工中得到广泛应用。戚军等[8]研究表明,超声辅助熬煮显著提高了鸡汤中醇类和酯类风味物质的含量。孟倩[9]发现,超声辅助熬煮不仅能改善牛骨汤的气味特征,还能促进5'-核苷酸的溶出。此外,Cichoski等[10]研究表明,超声辅助煮制可加速脂质氧化,促进蛋白质水解生成更多的多肽和氨基酸,从而提升香肠的风味品质。由此可见,超声辅助熬煮能够提高效率,在提高风味物质的释放,改善食品的感官特性方面具有明显的优势,但目前关于超声辅助熬煮对鱼汤类产品风味特性的影响研究仍较少,尤其是在熬煮过程中风味物质变化规律方面的探讨还不够深入。
本研究以大黄鱼和腌制雪菜为原料,比较传统熬煮与超声辅助熬煮对雪菜大黄鱼汤风味的影响。通过氨基酸态氮、5'-核苷酸、有机酸和游离氨基酸等风味物质的含量变化,结合感官评价、电子舌和电子鼻分析,探究不同熬煮时间下雪菜大黄鱼汤风味特性的变化规律。本研究为超声辅助熬煮技术在鱼汤加工中的应用提供理论依据。
宁德大黄鱼(冰鲜,尾重260~280 g) 购于辽宁锦州市林西街水产市场;传统高盐腌制雪菜 浙江省宁波市余姚市临山酱菜厂;核苷酸标准品(纯度≥99%)、AMP、IMP和GMP、甲醇(色谱纯) 阿拉丁试剂有限公司;高氯酸、三氯乙酸等试剂 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
THC-1000SF型超声波煎煮锅 济宁天华超声电子仪器有限公司;FiveEasy Plus FE28 pH计 上海梅特勒-托利多仪器公司;Biofuge stratos台式冷冻高速离心机 美国Thermo Fisher公司;Insent SA402B电子舌 日本Insent公司;UV-2550紫外光谱仪 日本岛津公司;Agilent 1260 Infinity高效液相色谱仪 美国Agilent公司。
参考李珊慧等[11]的方法制备雪菜大黄鱼汤。将大黄鱼去内脏,清洗干净后备用。雪菜用清水浸泡30 min后捞出,控干水分并切成小段。将处理好的大黄鱼和雪菜按照4:1的质量比放入蒸煮袋中,按照1:3(鱼:水)的质量比加水,并按加水量的0.5%添加食盐,封口后放入超声波蒸煮锅中(熬煮温度95 ℃、超声功率700 W),分别熬煮30、60、90 min后过滤,得到雪菜大黄鱼汤样品,分别以U30 min、U60 min、U90 min表示。将超声波发生装置关闭,重复上述熬煮工序即为传统熬煮对照组,熬煮30、60、90 min的样品分别以C30 min、C60 min、C90 min表示。
参考李珊慧等[11]的方法并稍作修改。选取10名食品专业的研究生(5男5女),经过专业感官培训后对雪菜大黄鱼汤进行感官评定,评分标准见表1。
采用双缩脲法测定。取1 mL适度稀释的鱼汤样品,加入3 mL双缩脲试剂,混匀后反应30 min,在540 nm处测定吸光值。
准确量取3 mL鱼汤,加入5%三氯乙酸溶液27 mL,均质后置于4 ℃冰箱静置1 h,随后以11000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,采用Lowry法[12]测定可溶性肽含量。
参照GB 5009.235-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸态氮的测定》,利用甲醛滴定法测定。
将鱼汤样品在4 ℃下以8000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,使用活化后的传感器进行测定,采集时间120 s,每秒采集1次,样品测试循环4次,选择后3组数据进行分析。
参考徐永霞等[13]的方法,采用高效液相色谱法测定鱼汤中呈味核苷酸的含量。色谱条件:C18柱(5 µm,4.6 mm×250 mm),柱温28 ℃,检测波长245 nm;流动相由0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(pH4.5)和甲醇组成,流速0.8 mL/min;进样量20 μL。采用外标法进行定量。
标准曲线的绘制:将AMP、IMP和GMP配制成0.01、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10 mg/mL的混合标准溶液,在相同的液相条件下进样,以峰面积与对应的质量浓度绘制标准曲线。
取5 mL鱼汤样品,加入0.25 mL 15%的高氯酸溶液,均质后静置20 min,在4 ℃下离心10 min(9600 r/min),取上清液过0.22 μm滤膜,采用高效液相色谱法测定[13]。
标准曲线的绘制:将苹果酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸配制成0.01、0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00 mg/mL的混合标准溶液,在相同的液相条件下进样,以峰面积与对应的质量浓度绘制标准曲线,采用外标法进行定量。
取5 mL鱼汤样品,加入15 mL 15%的TCA溶液,均质后于4 ℃下静置2 h,离心取5 mL上清液,用3 mol/mL氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至2.0,定容至10 mL,过0.22 μm水系滤膜后用氨基酸自动分析仪测定。
取5 mL鱼汤样品置于50 mL烧杯中,立即用三层保鲜膜封口,在40 ℃水浴锅中静置30 min,用于电子鼻的检测。电子鼻检测参数:气体流量300 mL/min,顶空温度 25 ℃,清洗时间120 s,样品检测时间120 s,每个样品重复检测3次。
采用Origin 2019作图,用SPSS 21.0进行显著性分析,P<0.05表示差异显著。
如图1所示,随熬煮时间的延长,雪菜大黄鱼汤的感官评分和可溶性蛋白含量呈上升趋势,传统熬制30 min鱼汤的感官评分和可溶性蛋白含量分别为5.75和10.31 mg/mL,而熬制至90 min时分别达到7.70和12.85 mg/mL,超声组亦有相同的变化趋势。这是因为随着熬煮时间的增加,鱼肉和雪菜中的蛋白质、糖类等物质不断溶出并降解,使鱼汤中风味物质的种类及含量增加,从而提高鱼汤的整体风味和感官品质[14]。此外,在相同熬煮时间下,超声组样品的感官评分和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在超声辅助熬煮90 min时分别达到最大值8.75和61.04 mg/mL。这可能是由于超声波与介质的相互作用促进了鱼肉和雪菜中可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖等风味前体物质的释放和溶出,并逐渐降解生成小肽、游离氨基酸等呈味物质,从而使鱼汤滋味鲜甜、口感醇厚[15]。另外,超声波的空化效应和剪切作用使蛋白质的表面疏水性增强,促进蛋白质的乳化作用[16],有助于汤汁更加浓郁,呈乳白色。
鱼汤样品中的TCA-可溶性肽和氨基酸态氮含量可以反映原料中蛋白质的水解程度,其含量越高说明蛋白质的水解度越大[17]。如图2所示,随熬煮时间的延长,雪菜大黄鱼汤的TCA-可溶性肽含量显著升高(P<0.05),氨基酸态氮含量在熬煮30~60 min时无显著变化,但在熬煮至90 min时显著升高(P<0.05)。在加热时鱼肉蛋白结构逐渐松散,并降解产生小分子肽,进一步热降解生成游离氨基酸等呈味物质,从而使鱼汤味道鲜美[18]。此外,由图可见,相同熬煮时间下,超声组的TCA-可溶性肽和氨基酸态氮含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),这是由于超声波的机械剪切力和空化效应促进了蛋白质的降解,产生更多的小分子肽和游离氨基酸[19]。
电子舌系统能够模仿人类舌头,可以量化样品的味觉属性,相较于传统的感官评价法具有更加客观、快速和准确的特点[20]。如图3所示,不同熬煮时间下雪菜大黄鱼汤的滋味轮廓基本相似,但在鲜味和回味-B响应值上有所差异。随熬煮时间的延长,鲜味和回味-B的响应值增大,且超声组样品明显高于对照组,其中C90 min的鲜味和回味-B响应值分别为0.72和0.50,U90 min则分别达到0.80和0.54。从苦味响应值来看,在相同熬煮时间下,超声组样品略低于对照组,如C90 min苦味响应值为3.72,而U90 min为3.66。可能是因为超声波的空化作用和热效应促进了蛋白质的水解和ATP的降解,生成一些小分子呈味物质,增强鱼汤的鲜味特性,从而掩盖了苦味[21]。芦江会等[22]研究也发现,超声辅助酶解可增加龙鱼头蛋白肽的鲜味氨基酸含量,从而降低其苦味。
PCA是对数据进行降维处理的一种无监督分析方法[23]。由图3可知,PC1的贡献率为70.6%,PC2的贡献率为15.2%,总贡献率为85.8%,说明PC1和PC2可以反映不同熬煮时间下雪菜大黄鱼汤的主要滋味信息。从主成分分析图中样品的分散度来看,对照组样品均处于左侧象限,超声组样品均分布于右侧象限,样品之间互不重叠,说明超声辅助熬煮使雪菜大黄鱼汤的滋味发生明显改变[24]。此外,不同熬煮时间下的雪菜大黄鱼汤样品分布分散,其中C30 min样品与其他样品间的距离较远,说明与其他样品的滋味差异较大。
鱼肉中的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)降解生成的呈味核苷酸和鱼汤的滋味特性密切相关。由表2可知,雪菜大黄鱼汤中主要检测出5'-GMP、5'-IMP和5'-AMP三种呈味核苷酸,能够与谷氨酸等鲜味氨基酸产生协同效应,增强鱼汤的整体鲜味强度[25]。随熬煮时间的增加,鱼汤中呈味核苷酸的总量逐渐增大,且在相同熬煮时间下,超声组鱼汤的核苷酸总量明显高于对照组,其中U90 min样品的核苷酸总量最高(57.99 mg/100 mL)。超声波的空化效应和机械作用可以破坏鱼肉的细胞结构,加速ATP的降解,进而生成更多的呈味核苷酸[26]。GMP的呈味阈值为12.5 mg/100 mL,在所有鱼汤样品中检测出的含量均大于其阈值,说明其具有较强的鲜味增强活性,是雪菜大黄鱼汤鲜味的主要贡献者,其含量随熬煮时间的延长明显升高。IMP和AMP能够提升鱼汤的鲜甜味[3],在鱼汤中检出的含量相对较少。
有机酸是汤品风味的重要组成部分,它们贡献酸味,并与其他风味物质相互作用,影响整体风味平衡[27]。如表3所示,雪菜大黄鱼汤中检出的有机酸主要包括苹果酸、乳酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸,其中含量最高的是琥珀酸,约占有机酸总量的37.62%~52.45%,其次是乳酸。熬煮时间对雪菜大黄鱼汤中有机酸含量具有显著影响(P<0.05),随熬煮时间的延长,鱼汤中四种有机酸的含量均呈显著上升(P<0.05)。在熬煮过程中,鱼肉和雪菜中的有机酸会逐渐释放到鱼汤中,此外鱼肉和雪菜中的糖类、氨基酸等成分发生热降解,也会生成有机酸[28]。由表3可见,在相同熬煮时间下,超声组鱼汤中有机酸的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),可能是因为超声的空化效应加速了原料组织结构的破坏,促进有机酸的释放,同时超声波可能加速某些成分的热降解,生成更多的有机酸[29]。
游离氨基酸是重要的呈味小分子物质,其与呈味核苷酸具有协同效应,对提升鱼汤整体风味具有重要作用[18]。如表4所示,在雪菜大黄鱼汤中共检测到16种游离氨基酸,其中甘氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸和丙氨酸等氨基酸的含量较高。随熬煮时间的延长,鱼汤中游离氨基酸的总量逐渐增加,在熬煮过程中,鱼肉和雪菜中的蛋白质发生降解生成可溶性肽溶于汤中,进一步降解生成游离氨基酸[29]。此外,超声组鱼汤中游离氨基酸的总量明显高于相同熬煮时间下的对照组样品,可能是因为超声的空化作用破坏了肌肉的组织结构,产生自由基,促使蛋白质降解水平增加,小分子肽降解产生更多的氨基酸,从而增加了游离氨基酸的含量[6,30]。超声辅助熬煮使鱼汤中一些苦味氨基酸如组氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸的含量降低,而甜味氨基酸如脯氨酸、丝氨酸的含量明显升高,甜味氨基酸能够与鲜味氨基酸产生协同作用,从而增强鱼汤的整体风味。
电子鼻是一种对食物整体香气进行检测的技术,线性判别分析(LDA)是在主成分分析基础上对电子鼻传感器的响应值进行优化,从而更直观的观察样品间的气味差异[31]。以电子鼻10个传感器的响应值为参数变量,对6种鱼汤进行LDA分析,结果如图4所示。电子鼻LDA分析图中PC1和PC2的贡献率分别为83.99%和11.51%,累计贡献率为95.5%,超过了85%,说明LDA分析能较好的反映雪菜大黄鱼汤样品的整体气味信息。由图4可见,6种鱼汤样品之间没有重叠,说明样品间的气味差异可被有效区分。根据样品所在象限位置,大致可分为两个部分,其中超声组样品分布较集中,主要位于LDA图的左下方,而对照组样品主要位于右侧区域,可见两组鱼汤样品的气味有明显差异。此外,随熬煮时间的延长,同组中不同样品沿PC1轴上的分布距离逐渐变大,说明样品间的气味差异越来越明显。
研究了超声辅助熬制对雪菜大黄鱼汤风味特性的影响。超声波能够促进熬制过程中鱼肉和雪菜中风味前体物质的溶出和降解,提升雪菜大黄鱼汤的感官评分、可溶性蛋白、TCA-可溶性肽、氨基酸态氮和有机酸含量。超声辅助熬制能够加速ATP的降解,提高鱼汤中呈味核苷酸的含量,尤其是5'-GMP的含量明显升高。超声辅助熬制促进了蛋白质的热降解,使鱼汤中游离氨基酸的总含量显著增加,使脯氨酸、丝氨酸等甜味氨基酸的含量升高,同时降低了一些苦味氨基酸的含量,从而改善鱼汤的整体风味。电子舌和电子鼻分析结果显示,超声辅助熬煮的鱼汤在滋味和气味轮廓上与传统熬煮的鱼汤明显不同。综上,超声辅助熬制能够改善雪菜大黄鱼汤的风味特性,然而关于不同超声条件对鱼汤风味的影响还有待进一步研究。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030275
  • 接收时间:2025-03-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20
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    1渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,生鲜农产品贮藏加工及安全控制技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,辽宁锦州 121013
    2哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150028

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徐永霞(1983−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:水产品贮藏加工及风味化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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