Article(id=1320889566416974625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030246, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854213575, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854213575, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854213575, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854213575, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=125, endPage=133, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889566635078434, articleId=1320889566416974625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Inhibitory Effects of Pairwise Combinations of Three Flavonoids on Pancreatic Lipase, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study delved into the inhibitory activity and underlying mechanism of a combination of three flavonoids against pancreatic lipase (PL), aiming to furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the development of natural anti-obesity pharmaceuticals. The optimal proportion of these three flavonoids for combination was determined through the use of a combined equivalent line graph. Subsequently, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to explore the binding reactions and mechanisms between genistein (Gen), chrysin (Chr), naringenin (Nar), and PL. To comprehensively elucidate the impact of these flavonoids on the structure and properties of PL, synchronous fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and particle size analysis were simultaneously utilised to characterize the formed complexes from multiple perspectives. The results showed that when the molar ratio of the three flavonoids was 4:1, the combined inhibitory effect was the most pronounced, exhibiting a synergistic action. Both endogenous fluorescence and UV spectrum demonstrated that the quenching of PL by Gen-Chr, Gen-Nar, and Nar-Chr was static quenching. The corresponding binding constants Ka were calculated to be 1.63×105 L/mol, 14.64×105 L/mol, and 7.07×105 L/mol, respectively. Thermodynamic parameter analysis indicated that hydrophobic interaction was the dominat force in the Gen-Chr-PL complex, electrostatic attraction played a predominant role in the Gen-Nar-PL complex, and hydrogen bonding along with van der Waals force were the main driving forces in the Nar-Chr-PL complex. The results from synchronous fluorescence and particle size results indicated that as the concentration of the inhibitors increased, the hydrophobicity of the complexes decreased. Infrared spectroscopy results indicated that the inhibitors altered the secondary structure of PL. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the thermal stability of PL diminished after the formation of complexes with the three compounds. Collectively, these results suggest that the pairwise combinations of Gen, Chr, and Nar exert inhibitory effects on PL activity and can significantly alter the structure and properties of PL, providing new insights for the development of novel PL inhibitors.

, authors=Ying'ao ZHAI, Kunshan WANG, Zenghui YU, Suzhen ZHOU, Jinbo FAN*, authorsList=Ying'ao ZHAI, Kunshan WANG, Zenghui YU, Suzhen ZHOU, Jinbo FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinbo FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889571068457785, articleId=1320889566416974625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=三种黄酮两两联合对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究三种黄酮类化合物两两联合使用对胰脂肪酶(Pancreatic lipase,PL)的抑制活性及作用机制,为开发天然抗肥胖药物提供理论依据。利用联合等效线图确定三种黄酮类化合物联用时的最佳添加比例,再通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究金雀异黄酮(Genistein,Gen)、白杨素(Chrysin,Chr)和柚皮素(Naringenin,Nar)与PL的结合反应及机制,同时利用同步荧光、红外光谱、差示扫描量热法及粒径分析从不同角度对复合物进行结构表征,全面阐明它们对PL结构与性质的影响。结果显示,3种黄酮联合作用摩尔比为4:1时联合抑制效果最佳,表现为协同作用。内源荧光及紫外光谱表明,Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr对PL的猝灭是静态猝灭,结合常数Ka分别为1.63×105 L/mol、14.64×105 L/mol、7.07×105 L/mol;热力学参数显示,Gen-Chr-PL以疏水相互作用为主,Gen-Nar-PL以静电引力为主,Nar-Chr-PL以氢键和范德华力为主。同步荧光及粒径结果表明,随着抑制剂浓度增加,复合物疏水性降低。红外光谱表明,抑制剂使PL二级结构变化。DSC表明,三者与PL形成复合物后降低其热稳定性。这些结果表明Gen、Chr、Nar两两联合对PL活性有抑制作用,且能显著影响PL的结构和性质,为开发新型PL抑制剂提供新思路。

, authors=翟迎奥, 王昆山, 于增辉, 周素珍, 范金波*, authorsList=翟迎奥, 王昆山, 于增辉, 周素珍, 范金波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=范金波, authorNote=

翟迎奥(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品活性成分开发及利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
范金波(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工及分子营养,E-mail:。
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, 24(6): 5457., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889571336893242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889571345281851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, companyId=1320889571336893242, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889571353670460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, companyId=1320889571336893242, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁省食品安全重点实验室,生鲜农产品贮藏加工及安全控制技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,辽宁锦州 121013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889575183070048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Chr, Gen, Nar targets and obesity-related genes intersection, figureFileSmall=8jmPcF3IZt94/uWOaRN7ow==, figureFileBig=5iG0RQm5QiFWKUMG/nERuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889575514420065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Chr、Gen、Nar作用靶点与肥胖相关基因交集, figureFileSmall=8jmPcF3IZt94/uWOaRN7ow==, figureFileBig=5iG0RQm5QiFWKUMG/nERuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889575749301090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Inhibition rate of different proportions of complexes on PL, figureFileSmall=77VbDLN2lb+o8bMjfwiMkg==, figureFileBig=NDIN0x3h3FtH3kV1LX5+TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889575929656163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同比例复合物对PL的抑制率, figureFileSmall=77VbDLN2lb+o8bMjfwiMkg==, figureFileBig=NDIN0x3h3FtH3kV1LX5+TQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889576005153636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fa-CI diagram of PL inhibition by different proportions of complexes, figureFileSmall=9ND7jdJQEp8aldCkO2m+Qg==, figureFileBig=6PWy0OmLomiyDz2taNtODQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889576365863781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同比例复合物联合抑制PL的效应–组合指数图

注:A:Gen-Chr;B:Gen-Nar;C:Nar-Chr。

, figureFileSmall=9ND7jdJQEp8aldCkO2m+Qg==, figureFileBig=6PWy0OmLomiyDz2taNtODQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889577754178407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Fluorescence spectrum of PL-Gen-Chr (A), PL-Gen-Nar (B), PL-Nar-Chr (C), figureFileSmall=jH3u62yvwqHSu4fmEDigjg==, figureFileBig=viK5HvG09sAKUWTTKSuolQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889577833870184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图4, caption=PL-Gen-Chr(A)、PL-Gen-Nar(B)、PL-Nar-Chr(C)的荧光发射光谱

注:1~8分别为0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L的联合抑制剂与PL溶液混合的体系。

, figureFileSmall=jH3u62yvwqHSu4fmEDigjg==, figureFileBig=viK5HvG09sAKUWTTKSuolQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889577900979049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Results of F0/F against the concentration of various inhibitors at 298 K and 310 K, figureFileSmall=boU2l51pgN0CrHlVBAV9sA==, figureFileBig=0undPNnMULgOfAwX2AGtIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889577976476522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图5, caption=298 K和310 K时F0/F对各抑制剂浓度的结果, figureFileSmall=boU2l51pgN0CrHlVBAV9sA==, figureFileBig=0undPNnMULgOfAwX2AGtIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578043585387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Synchronous fluorescence spectra of PL-Gen-Chr (A, a), PL-Gen-Nar (B, b), PL-Nar-Chr (C, c), figureFileSmall=ihul6Lj+irq8JHnuZBRE9A==, figureFileBig=E8MV5PKiTwE52+t5Vhkerg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578106499948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PL-Gen-Chr(A,a)、PL-Gen-Nar(B,b)、PL-Nar-Chr(C,c)的同步荧光光谱

注:1~8分别为0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L的联合抑制剂与PL溶液混合的体系。

, figureFileSmall=ihul6Lj+irq8JHnuZBRE9A==, figureFileBig=E8MV5PKiTwE52+t5Vhkerg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578186191725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Ratio of quenching the residual synchronous fluorescence of PL by the combined inhibitor, figureFileSmall=cslM/oDyQx2VPuUtzCV0bQ==, figureFileBig=+3x+8bpBn0BDzRBaL4CquQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578253300590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图7, caption=联合抑制剂猝灭PL的剩余同步荧光的比率, figureFileSmall=cslM/oDyQx2VPuUtzCV0bQ==, figureFileBig=+3x+8bpBn0BDzRBaL4CquQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578320409455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=UV spectra of PL-Gen-Chr (A), PL-Gen-Nar (B), PL-Nar-Chr (C), figureFileSmall=kdrmiJcIs7VZOPSL9sxAew==, figureFileBig=lYuIwksetvhX8emClHVbug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578387518320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PL-Gen-Chr(A)、PL-Gen-Nar(B)、PL-Nar-Chr(C)的紫外光谱

注:1~8分别为0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L的联合抑制剂与PL溶液混合的体系。

, figureFileSmall=kdrmiJcIs7VZOPSL9sxAew==, figureFileBig=lYuIwksetvhX8emClHVbug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578504958833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Infrared spectrum of PL after the interaction of the combined inhibitor with PL, figureFileSmall=vFizKqydDmtwfXs1jcw/Ig==, figureFileBig=d5zEsArYdba3PJ+vG+x+1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578593039218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图9, caption=联合抑制剂与PL相互作用后的红外光谱, figureFileSmall=vFizKqydDmtwfXs1jcw/Ig==, figureFileBig=d5zEsArYdba3PJ+vG+x+1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889578945360755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=DSC diagrams of PL and three ternary complexes, figureFileSmall=t+Up8ti6Lg8B9q+jdMsSpQ==, figureFileBig=2UNY5VQXV8XWlpDD34ItIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889579268322164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图10, caption=PL和三种三元复合物的DSC图, figureFileSmall=t+Up8ti6Lg8B9q+jdMsSpQ==, figureFileBig=2UNY5VQXV8XWlpDD34ItIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889579360596853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Particle size diagrams of three ternary complexes, figureFileSmall=f7s5w79VfmuMTj4S0VUPxA==, figureFileBig=Fyn+NbIp8En1nP7EEIbhoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889579436094326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=图11, caption=三种三元复合物的粒径图

注:不同小写字母表示数据差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Quenching constants, binding constants, and binding sites of Gen-Chr, Gen-Nar, Nar-Chr interacting with PL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配体T(K)Ksv(×104 L·mol−1)Kq(×1012 L·mol−1·s−1)RaKa(×105 L·mol−1)Rbn
Gen-Chr2983.07493.07490.99321.63980.97851.1747
3103.23703.23700.98884.69680.99151.2754
Gen-Nar2982.87672.87670.987814.64500.99261.4041
3103.30603.30600.991713.60800.99611.3793
Nar-Chr2983.12433.12430.99707.06970.99881.3169
3102.71622.71620.99461.69280.98501.1898
), ArticleFig(id=1320889579813581688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr与PL相互作用的猝灭常数、结合常数和结合位点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配体T(K)Ksv(×104 L·mol−1)Kq(×1012 L·mol−1·s−1)RaKa(×105 L·mol−1)Rbn
Gen-Chr2983.07493.07490.99321.63980.97851.1747
3103.23703.23700.98884.69680.99151.2754
Gen-Nar2982.87672.87670.987814.64500.99261.4041
3103.30603.30600.991713.60800.99611.3793
Nar-Chr2983.12433.12430.99707.06970.99881.3169
3102.71622.71620.99461.69280.98501.1898
), ArticleFig(id=1320889579884884857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Thermodynamic constants for the interaction of Gen-Chr, Gen-Nar, Nar-Chr with PL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配体T(K)ΔH(kJ·mol−1)ΔG(kJ·mol−1)ΔS(J·mol−1·K−1)
Gen-Chr29867.3498−29.7495325.8365
310−33.6596
Gen-Nar298−14.7012−35.1742102.2600
310−36.4013
Nar-Chr298−91.4896−33.3698-195.0231
310−31.0294
), ArticleFig(id=1320889579964576634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr与PL相互作用热力学常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
配体T(K)ΔH(kJ·mol−1)ΔG(kJ·mol−1)ΔS(J·mol−1·K−1)
Gen-Chr29867.3498−29.7495325.8365
310−33.6596
Gen-Nar298−14.7012−35.1742102.2600
310−36.4013
Nar-Chr298−91.4896−33.3698-195.0231
310−31.0294
), ArticleFig(id=1320889580027491195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Secondary structure contents after the interaction between the combined inhibitor and PL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲
PL20.49±0.08a62.18±0.05c17.28±0.06b0±0.02d
Gen-Chr-PL2.7±0.02d78.3±0.12a10.2±0.02d8.8±0.02b
Gen-Nar-PL14.3±0.06b47.4±0.04d26.6±0.07a11.7±0.04a
Nar-Chr-PL3.1±0.01c77.7±0.15b15.6±0.05c3.6±0.01c
), ArticleFig(id=1320889580098794364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889566416974625, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

联合抑制剂与PL相互作用后的二级结构含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品名称α-螺旋(%)β-折叠(%)β-转角(%)无规则卷曲
PL20.49±0.08a62.18±0.05c17.28±0.06b0±0.02d
Gen-Chr-PL2.7±0.02d78.3±0.12a10.2±0.02d8.8±0.02b
Gen-Nar-PL14.3±0.06b47.4±0.04d26.6±0.07a11.7±0.04a
Nar-Chr-PL3.1±0.01c77.7±0.15b15.6±0.05c3.6±0.01c
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三种黄酮两两联合对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用
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翟迎奥 , 王昆山 , 于增辉 , 周素珍 , 范金波 *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(4): 125-133
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (4) : 125 -133
三种黄酮两两联合对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用
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翟迎奥 , 王昆山, 于增辉, 周素珍, 范金波*
作者信息
  • 渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁省食品安全重点实验室,生鲜农产品贮藏加工及安全控制技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,辽宁锦州 121013
通讯作者:
范金波(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工及分子营养,E-mail:。
作者简介:

翟迎奥(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品活性成分开发及利用,E-mail:

Inhibitory Effects of Pairwise Combinations of Three Flavonoids on Pancreatic Lipase
Ying'ao ZHAI , Kunshan WANG, Zenghui YU, Suzhen ZHOU, Jinbo FAN*
Affiliations
  • National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030246
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研究三种黄酮类化合物两两联合使用对胰脂肪酶(Pancreatic lipase,PL)的抑制活性及作用机制,为开发天然抗肥胖药物提供理论依据。利用联合等效线图确定三种黄酮类化合物联用时的最佳添加比例,再通过紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究金雀异黄酮(Genistein,Gen)、白杨素(Chrysin,Chr)和柚皮素(Naringenin,Nar)与PL的结合反应及机制,同时利用同步荧光、红外光谱、差示扫描量热法及粒径分析从不同角度对复合物进行结构表征,全面阐明它们对PL结构与性质的影响。结果显示,3种黄酮联合作用摩尔比为4:1时联合抑制效果最佳,表现为协同作用。内源荧光及紫外光谱表明,Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr对PL的猝灭是静态猝灭,结合常数Ka分别为1.63×105 L/mol、14.64×105 L/mol、7.07×105 L/mol;热力学参数显示,Gen-Chr-PL以疏水相互作用为主,Gen-Nar-PL以静电引力为主,Nar-Chr-PL以氢键和范德华力为主。同步荧光及粒径结果表明,随着抑制剂浓度增加,复合物疏水性降低。红外光谱表明,抑制剂使PL二级结构变化。DSC表明,三者与PL形成复合物后降低其热稳定性。这些结果表明Gen、Chr、Nar两两联合对PL活性有抑制作用,且能显著影响PL的结构和性质,为开发新型PL抑制剂提供新思路。

胰脂肪酶  /  联合抑制  /  白杨素  /  金雀异黄酮  /  柚皮素

This study delved into the inhibitory activity and underlying mechanism of a combination of three flavonoids against pancreatic lipase (PL), aiming to furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the development of natural anti-obesity pharmaceuticals. The optimal proportion of these three flavonoids for combination was determined through the use of a combined equivalent line graph. Subsequently, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to explore the binding reactions and mechanisms between genistein (Gen), chrysin (Chr), naringenin (Nar), and PL. To comprehensively elucidate the impact of these flavonoids on the structure and properties of PL, synchronous fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and particle size analysis were simultaneously utilised to characterize the formed complexes from multiple perspectives. The results showed that when the molar ratio of the three flavonoids was 4:1, the combined inhibitory effect was the most pronounced, exhibiting a synergistic action. Both endogenous fluorescence and UV spectrum demonstrated that the quenching of PL by Gen-Chr, Gen-Nar, and Nar-Chr was static quenching. The corresponding binding constants Ka were calculated to be 1.63×105 L/mol, 14.64×105 L/mol, and 7.07×105 L/mol, respectively. Thermodynamic parameter analysis indicated that hydrophobic interaction was the dominat force in the Gen-Chr-PL complex, electrostatic attraction played a predominant role in the Gen-Nar-PL complex, and hydrogen bonding along with van der Waals force were the main driving forces in the Nar-Chr-PL complex. The results from synchronous fluorescence and particle size results indicated that as the concentration of the inhibitors increased, the hydrophobicity of the complexes decreased. Infrared spectroscopy results indicated that the inhibitors altered the secondary structure of PL. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the thermal stability of PL diminished after the formation of complexes with the three compounds. Collectively, these results suggest that the pairwise combinations of Gen, Chr, and Nar exert inhibitory effects on PL activity and can significantly alter the structure and properties of PL, providing new insights for the development of novel PL inhibitors.

pancreatic lipase  /  combined inhibiting  /  chrysin  /  genistein  /  naringenin
翟迎奥, 王昆山, 于增辉, 周素珍, 范金波. 三种黄酮两两联合对胰脂肪酶的抑制作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 125 -133 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030246
Ying'ao ZHAI, Kunshan WANG, Zenghui YU, Suzhen ZHOU, Jinbo FAN. Inhibitory Effects of Pairwise Combinations of Three Flavonoids on Pancreatic Lipase[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 125 -133 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030246
全球肥胖症的发病率激增,它与高血压、糖尿病、心脏病等多种慢性病的发生密切相关[1−2],严重威胁人类的健康。胰脂肪酶(Pancreatic lipase,PL)作为消化过程中的关键酶之一,抑制其活性可预防肥胖[3−4]。奥利司他是临床已知的肥胖治疗药物,是一种特异性的PL抑制剂,但长期使用副作用强[5−6]。黄酮类化合物因结构多样性、低毒性、来源丰富,成为PL抑制剂研究热点[7−8]。桑白皮中的6种黄酮类化合物对PL有较强的抑制活性,IC50值在0.77~20.56 μmol/L之间[9]。Jeong等[10]从三尖杉中分离出的5,7,4'-三羟基-6,8-二异戊烯基异黄酮对PL的IC50为65.0 µmol/L。同时研究表明,含木犀草素、杨梅素、槲皮素、异槲皮苷和柚皮苷的联合抑制剂在0.5 mg/mL浓度下,体积比为7:15:6:17:5时,PL抑制率达98.79%,优于单一成分[11]。
金雀异黄酮(Genistein,Gen)、白杨素(Chrysin,Chr)和柚皮素(Naringenin,Nar)是有潜在健康益处的黄酮类化合物,它们已被证实有抗氧化、抗炎和降血糖等多种生物活性[12−14],且对PL有抑制活性[15−17]。体外实验证实Nar对PL的抑制类型为非竞争性抑制[18]。Gen经荧光测定、酶动力学分析表现出竞争性抑制[19]。Chr对PL表现出良好的亲和力,具有竞争性抑制作用[20]。然而,单一抑制剂往往效果有限,联合不同抑制剂有可能产生协同效应,增强对PL的抑制效果,同时降低单一药物的剂量,减少潜在副作用。
目前,关于Gen、Chr、Nar两两联合对PL的抑制活性及其机制的研究尚显不足。深入探究它们联合使用时对PL的抑制作用,不仅有助于揭示黄酮类化合物与PL之间的相互作用本质,为开发新型抗肥胖药物提供理论依据,也将为肥胖症及其相关疾病的防治提供新思路。基于此,本研究旨在系统地研究Gen、Chr、Nar两两联合对PL的抑制机制,以期为肥胖的防治提供新的策略和思路。
PL(猪胰腺,15~35 units/mg)、4-硝基苯丁酸酯(4-nitrophenyl butyrate,p-NPB,98%)、Chr(98%)、Nar(98%) 阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;Gen(98%) 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;二甲基亚砜、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠 分析纯,天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司。
Evolution 201紫外-可见分光光度计 美国Thermo公司;F-7000荧光分光光度计 日本日立高新技术公司;IR-Tracer-10傅里叶变换红外光谱 岛津企业管理(中国)有限公司;Q2000差示扫描量热仪 美国TA公司;Brookhaven 90 Plus纳米粒度分析仪 美国布鲁克海文仪器公司;FD-1A-50型真空冷冻干燥机 北京博医康实验仪器有限公司。
使用Pharmmapper数据库(http://www.lilab-ecust.cn/pharmmapper/)、GeneCards数据库(http://www.genecards.org/)和OMIM数据库(https://www.omim.org/)获取肥胖相关靶点,三个数据库中的结果取交集,再借助UniProt数据库(https://www.uniprot.org/)获取靶标蛋白相对应的基因名。
在PubChem数据库(https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)中检索Chr、Gen、Nar,并保存二维结构,将其导入Swiss Target Prediction平台(http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/)获得预测靶点。使用Venny2.1.0(https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/)分析其作用靶点与抗肥胖靶点的交集,即Chr、Gen、Nar的抗肥胖作用靶点。
测定Chr、Gen、Nar两两联用对PL的抑制作用。将Chr、Gen、Nar稀释到30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L,按不同的摩尔比(1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、2:1、3:1、4:1)两两混合,分别在298 K和310 K下避光保存30 min。参照George等[21]方法,在405 nm波长下测吸光度,判断Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr组合对PL的抑制作用。按式(1)计算,通过线性拟合算联合抑制剂对PL活力的半抑制浓度(IC50)。实验重复3次,并采用ANOVA进行差异显著性分析。
$\rm 抑制率(\text{%})=[1-({A}_{\text{s}}-{A}_{\text{n}})/{A}_{\text{s}}]\times 100 $
式中:As是酶对照吸光度(不含抑制剂);An是有抑制剂时与相应对照组吸光度之差。
根据Chou等[22]报道,用CompSyn软件获得联合抑制的效应(Fraction affected,Fa)-联合作用指数(Combination Index,CI)图。Fa为联合抑制时的效应,CI值用于评估联合抑制作用的效果。
参照Zhou等[23]方法并修改,按最佳比例加入不同浓度抑制剂(0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L),固定PL浓度,在298 K和310 K条件下,避光反应30 min,在280 nm的激发波长,290~450 nm的发射波长,测定混合物的荧光光谱,其中激发狭缝2.5 nm,发射狭缝5 nm。
荧光猝灭分为动态猝灭和静态猝灭。通过Stern-Volmer方程(2)来评估猝灭机制[24]:
$\rm {F}_{0}/F=1+{K}_{\text{sv}}[Q]=1+{K}_{\text{q}}{\tau }_{0}[Q] $
式中F和F0分别是存在和不存在抑制剂时的荧光强度;Kq是双分子猝灭速率常数;[Q]是抑制剂浓度;KSV是Stern-Volmer猝灭常数;τ0是荧光团分子的平均寿命,约10−8 s。
配体与PL发生相互作用,一般是通过静电相互作用、疏水相互作用、氢键、范德华力等作用力连接。根据Hill方程(3)计算结合常数和结合位点数[25]:
$\rm \lg \frac{{F}_{0}-{F}_{1}}{{F}_{1}}=n\lg {K}_{a}+n\lg \frac{1}{[{Q}_{t}]-\dfrac{({F}_{0}-F)[{P}_{t}]}{{F}_{0}}} $
式中,Ka是结合常数;n是结合位点;[Qt]和[Pt]分别是抑制剂和PL的浓度。
配体与PL结合的主要驱动力可以通过式(4)Van't-Hoff方程和式(5)热力学关系式来表征。整个实验过程中温度的波动很小,因此焓变(ΔH)可以视为一个常数[26]:
$\rm \ln \left(\frac{{K}_{2}}{{K}_{1}}\right)=-\frac{\Delta H\left(\dfrac{1}{{T}_{1}}-\dfrac{1}{{T}_{2}}\right)}{R} $
$\rm \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S=-RT\ln {K}_{a} $
式中,K1、K2为T1(298 K)、T2(310 K)的结合常数;R为热力学常数(8.314 J·mol−1·K−1);Ka为结合常数;ΔH为焓变(kJ/mol);ΔS为熵变[J/(mol·K)];ΔG为吉布斯自由能(kJ/mol)。
参照范阳扬[27]的方法并稍作修改,按照前面得到的最佳添加比例,加入不同浓度的抑制剂(0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L)与PL溶液混合,用紫外分光光度计在220~400 nm范围内扫描混合物的紫外-可见吸收光谱。
按最佳添加比例加入不同浓度抑制剂(0、10、20、30、40、50、60、70 μmol/L),固定PL浓度,设定发射和激发波长差(Δλ)分别为15 nm和60 nm。在298 K下,测定混合物在200~400 nm范围内不同Δλ前后的同步荧光光谱。
参考康柱等[28]的方法,将酶与联合抑制剂等比例增加,真空冷冻干燥成粉末,使用溴化钾压片法,在4000~400 cm−1范围内扫描,设置扫描次数为32次。
冷冻干燥后的样品称重置于坩埚中,用压盖器压紧,放入仪器检测室中。用空坩埚为参比,设置扫描速率为5 ℃/min,扫描温度为25~100 ℃,获得DSC图及热力学参数。
不同浓度联合抑制剂(0、10、20、30、40 μmol/L)与PL溶液混合。室温避光反应15 min,用激光粒度仪测粒径,温度设为25 ℃,恒温300 s进行测量。
实验重复3次,数据表示为x±s,用IBM SPSS Statistics 26进行ANOVA差异显著性分析,差异水平P<0.05。使用Origin 2021和PeakFit 4.12软件进行数据分析和绘图处理。
Chr、Gen、Nar通过多靶点发挥药理作用,准确探索其作用靶点十分必要。由PubChem获得Chr、Gen、Nar的二维结构,上传至Swiss TargetPrediction,分别预测获得288、290、290个抗肥胖靶点。
从数据库筛选得到2227个肥胖相关靶基因,由Venny2.1.0绘制韦恩图,图1中Chr与肥胖有116个交集靶点,Gen有125个,Nar有120个,即为Chr、Gen、Nar潜在的抗肥胖靶点。同时,Chr、Gen、Nar之间存在重叠部分,表明它们可能存在联合作用,可进一步深入研究抑制剂联合作用时对肥胖的影响。
Chr、Gen、Nar均能抑制PL活性[18−20],为研究它们两两联合对PL的抑制机制,测定不同添加比例和浓度下的抑制率。结果见图2,所有比例下抑制率随抑制剂浓度增加而增大,且不同比例的复合物在相同浓度下抑制效果有差异,1:1、1:2、1:3、4:1比例时抑制率较高。为定量分析它们的相互作用是协同、相加或拮抗,选择复合物Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr在1:1、1:2、1:3、4:1比例下进行CI等效图分析。
两种化合物单独具有生物活性时,组合可产生协同、相加或拮抗作用[29]。CI等效线图方程可定量测定化合物相互作用,其中CI<1表示协同作用;CI=1表示累加效应;CI>1表示拮抗作用[30]。
图3是Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr抑制PL活性的效应-组合指数图。各比例CI值随Fa值增加而上升,表明联合效应强度随效应水平变化。在低浓度下表现出协同作用,高浓度下出现拮抗现象。Gen与Chr联合,1:1、1:2和1:3比例下在大于0.5的Fa值时CI值高于1,表明这些比例下抑制剂联合使用可能存在拮抗效应。Gen与Nar联合,1:1、1:2和1:3比例在大于0.6的Fa值时CI值高于1,即这些比例下可能存在拮抗效应。4:1比例的CI值在0.6的Fa值时接近1,即该比例下可能存在协同效应,4:1比例时CI值更低,为最佳摩尔比。Nar与Chr联合时,1:2比例在大于0.6的Fa值下CI值高于其他比例,即该比例下存在强烈的拮抗效应。1:1和1:3比例的CI值在0.5或0.6的Fa值时接近1,表明这些比例下可能存在相加效应。4:1比例的CI值在小于0.6的Fa值时低于1,表明在低浓度时该比例下存在协同效应。4:1比例在所有联合中小于0.5的Fa值时CI值均低于1,表明这些效应水平下协同效应最佳,故选4:1为最佳摩尔比用于后续研究。推测Gen、Chr、Nar两两联合使用时起到协同抑制效应时,Gen和Chr联合时它们可能占据PL的催化中心和疏水口袋;Nar和Chr结合时,可能共同阻断底物通道;而Gen和Nar结合因羟基竞争可能削弱结合,但仍可通过空间位阻部分抑制酶活。这些组合通过多点位结合和构象调控,可对PL的活性起到协同抑制效果。
荧光猝灭分为静态猝灭和动态猝灭两种,静态猝灭的猝灭常数与温度呈现负相关,会引起荧光团吸收光谱的扰动但不改变激发态;动态猝灭则相反,它仅会使荧光团的激发态发生改变,而吸收光谱强度没有变化[31]。
图4是PL与联合抑制剂作用的荧光光谱。随着抑制剂浓度的增加,PL荧光强度降低,即发生猝灭,且图5线性良好,随着温度的增加,Ksv值也增加,表明有动态猝灭。计算得Kq(Ksv=Kqτ0)是1012个数量级,远超生物分子最大扩散碰撞猝灭常数(2.0×1010 L·mol−1·s−1),说明有静态猝灭。故推测联合抑制剂对PL的猝灭既有静态猝灭又有动态猝灭,且静态猝灭起主导作用[32]。推测联合抑制剂可能通过多结合位点协同作用增强对PL的猝灭效应。
通过双对数方程计算结合常数,结果见表1,298 K和310 K下Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr与PL的Ka均大于105 L·mol−1,表明它们与PL的相互作用较强。Gen-Chr,Nar-Chr的Ka随温度升高而增大,表明升温可增加它们与PL的结合力,Gen-Nar的Ka随温度升高而降低,表明Gen-Nar与PL的结合能力随温度增加而减弱。不同温度下,Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr的n值均接近1,说明它们在PL上仅存在一个或者一种类型结合位点。
Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr的Ksv和Ka值随温度升高而变化,表明其与PL的结合受温度影响。荧光实验计算的热力学参数如表2所示。在298 K和310 K下,三者与PL结合的ΔG均为负值,说明结合反应为自发进行。Gen-Chr-PL的ΔH>0,ΔS>0,说明结合是吸热反应,主要是疏水相互作用驱动,Gen和Chr都具有较强的疏水性,它们的疏水部分可以与PL的疏水口袋结合。Gen-Nar-PL的ΔH<0,ΔS>0,说明结合是放热反应,靠静电相互作用驱动的,Gen与Nar结合后,它们的羟基可以与PL表面的极性或带电残基发生较强的静电相互作用。Nar-Chr-PL的ΔH<0,ΔS<0结合是放热反应,主要驱动力是氢键和范德华力[33],Nar和Chr的羟基可与PL表面的极性基团形成氢键,且Nar和Chr的疏水部分也可以与PL的疏水口袋发生范德华力相互作用。这些化合物的结构差异导致了它们与PL结合时作用力的差异。
同步荧光光谱显示联合抑制剂对PL荧光团周围极性微环境的影响[34]。结果如图6所示,Δλ=60 nm时吸收峰变化更明显。Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar浓度增加时,Δλ=15 nm及Δλ=60 nm下波长轻微红移,表明酪氨酸(Tyr)残基和色氨酸(Trp)残基周围的极性增加、疏水性降低。Nar-Chr浓度增加时,Δλ=15 nm下波长蓝移2 nm,表明其Tyr残基极性减弱、亲水性增强,其Δλ=60 nm时发生了红移,说明Trp残基疏水性降低。通过对比单个抑制剂对PL微环境的影响,其中Chr使Trp残基微环境中的极性增强,Nar使得Trp残基微环境中的极性减弱,Gen对Tyr残基的微环境没有影响,发现联合抑制剂对PL的Trp和Tyr残基均有一定的影响,这表明联合抑制剂可能通过改变PL的微环境,进而影响其构象和功能[35]。
构建F/F0(PL的剩余同步荧光的比率,F和F0分别是在存在和不存在抑制剂的情况下PL的同步荧光强度)与抑制剂浓度的关系图,如图7所示,Δλ=60 nm的斜率均略大于Δλ=15 nm,表明Trp残基可能对PL的荧光猝灭贡献更大,Trp残基周围的微环境对抑制剂更为敏感,联合抑制剂与PL的Trp残基结合比与Tyr残基结合更近。
紫外吸收光谱能反映分子构象变化,是测定蛋白质结构振动的重要方法[36]。图8所示,加入Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr后,在最大吸收峰280 nm附近分别发生蓝移(267、267、278 nm),并在322、319和324 nm产生与苯环和羰基有关的新吸收峰,表明复合物与PL结合形成新吸收峰。吸收光谱变化说明复合物与PL之间发生了静态猝灭并形成了基态复合物[37],与内源荧光结果一致,进一步证明Gen-Chr,Gen-Nar,Nar-Chr对PL的荧光猝灭中,静态猝灭占据主导地位。
红外光谱可分析分子振动和旋转,提供分子结构和化学键变化的信息[38]。由图9可知,单独PL的酰胺Ⅰ带、酰胺Ⅱ带和酰胺A带分别位于1660.71、1541.12和3290.56 cm−1。加入Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr后,酰胺Ⅰ带分别移至1652.99、1652.99和1651.07 cm−1;酰胺Ⅱ带移至1539.19、1539.19和1537.27 cm−1;酰胺A带移至3375.43、3444.87和3439.08 cm−1,代表着强的N-H伸缩振动,表明氢键在PL和配体相互作用中起重要作用。以上现象表明,Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr与PL的C=O和C-N基团相互作用,导致多肽羰基氢键模式重排[39],引起PL构象变化。
配体-蛋白质结合时,酰胺Ⅰ带区域峰位置变化,表示蛋白质二级结构或天然构象完整性受损。对酰胺Ⅰ带光谱进行高斯线性拟合,各二级结构象变化如表3所示,Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr与PL结合后,蛋白质内部氢键排布改变,α-螺旋的百分含量减小,无规则卷曲增加,Gen-Chr-PL、Nar-Chr-PL的β-折叠增加,β-转角减少,Nar-Chr的β-折叠减少,β-转角增加。这些结构变化使PL分子结构紊乱,酶活性几乎丧失。
差示扫描量热法(DSC)可提供蛋白质折叠相关热力学参数,如变性温度(Tm)和变性焓值(ΔH)等[40]。加入Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr后,PL变性温度降低,结果如图10所示,ΔH从21.12 J/g分别降至16.38、7.14、11.49 J/g,说明结合后酶变性所需热量减少,推测复合物形成导致PL结构发生重排或破坏,降低热稳定性,使酶活性降低。与红外的结果一致,表明Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr对PL结构有显著影响。
加入Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr后,联合抑制剂与PL结合形成的复合物粒径改变,结果见图11。随着Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr浓度增加,复合物粒径增大,表明高浓度下,抑制剂与PL形成更大复合物。粒径增大可能使复合物疏水性降低。联合抑制剂与PL结合后,复合物表面特性改变,疏水区域被掩盖或减少,降低疏水性,与同步荧光结果一致,进一步验证联合抑制剂会改变PL疏水性。
本研究综合多种实验方法,揭示了Gen、Chr、Nar联合使用时与PL的相互作用机制及其复合物的结构与性质。结果显示,Chr、Gen、Nar以4:1的摩尔比联合使用时效果最佳,显示出协同作用。荧光猝灭实验表明,联合抑制剂主要通过静态猝灭影响PL,且在298 K时,Gen-Chr、Gen-Nar、Nar-Chr的结合常数Ka值分别为1.63×105 L/mol、14.64×105 L/mol、7.07×105 L/mol,其中Gen-Nar的结合能力最强,而Gen-Chr和Nar-Chr的结合能力相对较弱,结合过程主要由氢键、疏水作用和范德华力驱动。同步荧光分析显示,联合抑制剂与PL结合后,影响了Tyr和Trp残基的微环境。紫外和红外光谱结果揭示了联合抑制剂与PL形成新的基态复合物,导致PL的二级结构发生变化,DSC数据显示复合物的热稳定性降低,粒径分析表明复合物的疏水性随抑制剂浓度增加而降低。这些结果表明,联合抑制剂能够显著改变PL的结构和功能,为了解小分子与蛋白质之间的相互作用提供理论依据,也为相关药物及功能性食品的研发提供参考。

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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030246
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
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    渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁省食品安全重点实验室,生鲜农产品贮藏加工及安全控制技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,辽宁锦州 121013

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范金波(1977−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品加工及分子营养,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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