Article(id=1320884070205210736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030236, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852903176, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852903176, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852903176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852903176, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=417, endPage=424, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320884070419120241, articleId=1320884070205210736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Stevia Isochlorogenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in High-fat Mice, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of stevia isochlorogenic acid (SICA) on lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Mice were divided into a blank control group, model group, simvastatin group, and low- and high-dose SICA groups. After 8 weeks of intervention, body weight was monitored regularly. Serum lipid levels, visceral fat changes, and the activity of key lipid-regulating enzymes in the liver were measured post-experiment. Pathological changes in the liver and adipose tissue were observed. Fecal samples were analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the effects of SICA on the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota. The results demonstrated that SICA significantly reduced weight gain in high-fat mice (P<0.01), decreased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and leptin (P<0.01), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and adiponectin levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, SICA inhibited the activity of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (P<0.01). Gut microbiota analysis revealed that SICA significantly elevated the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Shannon diversity index (P<0.01), while enriching functional genes associated with lipid metabolism. This study suggests that SICA effectively alleviates hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-induced mice by reducing obesity, lipid accumulation, and hepatic lipid deposition. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of key enzymes in lipid metabolism pathways and modulation of gut microbiota composition, particularly by enhancing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and microbial diversity. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the high-value utilization of Stevia byproducts and the development of natural lipid-lowering products.

, authors=Xue FENG1, 2, Ruili YANG1, 2, Xin HOU3, Kaihui LIU1, 2, Xinying CHENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Xue FENG, Ruili YANG, Xin HOU, Kaihui LIU, Xinying CHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xinying CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320884073422241921, articleId=1320884070205210736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠脂质代谢及肠道微生物的影响, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在研究甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢异常的调节作用及肠道菌群的影响。将小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、辛伐他汀组、甜叶菊异绿原酸低、高剂量组,干预8周,定期测量小鼠体重。实验结束后测定小鼠血清血脂水平、脏器脂肪变化及肝脏中脂质调节关键酶活性,并观察肝脏、脂肪组织病理学变化。以小鼠粪便为研究对象,通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠肠道菌群组成、相对丰度和多样性的影响。结果表明,甜叶菊异绿原酸可以减少高脂小鼠体重增幅(P<0.01);降低高脂小鼠血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、瘦素的含量(P<0.01);增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、脂联素含量(P<0.05),并抑制肝脏中脂肪合成酶(hepatic fatty acid synthase,FAS)和β-羟基β-甲基谷氨酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶活性(P<0.01)。肠道菌群分析显示,甜叶菊异绿原酸显著提高拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门比例及Shannon多样性指数(P<0.01),并富集脂代谢相关功能基因。本研究表明,甜叶菊异绿原酸可以有效降低高脂饮食诱导的高脂小鼠血脂水平,减少小鼠肥胖及脂肪堆积,改善肝脏脂质沉积,其作用机制可能为通过调控脂质代谢途径关键合成酶,改善肠道菌群丰富度,增加拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比值等。本研究为甜叶菊副产物的高值化利用及天然降脂产品开发提供了理论依据。

, authors=冯雪1, 2, 杨瑞利1, 2, 侯鑫3, 刘凯会1, 2, 程鑫颖1, 2, *, authorsList=冯雪, 杨瑞利, 侯鑫, 刘凯会, 程鑫颖, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=程鑫颖, authorNote=

冯雪(1995−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物功效研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
程鑫颖(1984−),女,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:天然产物功效研究,E-mail:。
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Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2021: 3456542., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320884073636151426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884073648734339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, companyId=1320884073636151426, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Hebei Chenguang Detection Technology Service Co., Ltd., Handan 056106, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884073657122948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, companyId=1320884073636151426, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河北晨光检测技术服务有限公司,河北邯郸 056106)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884073745203333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884073753591942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, companyId=1320884073745203333, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hebei Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Plant Resources, Handan 057250, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884073761980551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, companyId=1320884073745203333, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河北省植物资源综合利用重点实验室,河北邯郸 057250)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320884073837478024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884073841672329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, companyId=1320884073837478024, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320884073854255242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, companyId=1320884073837478024, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3河北工程大学医学院,河北邯郸 056038)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320884077507494066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of body weight in hyperlipidemia mice, figureFileSmall=NChcHnLtN2InIYi3xogH2g==, figureFileBig=MuA3iL2BLhJyMTKKjRs3jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884077570408627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=CN, label=图1, caption=高脂小鼠体重水平变化情况, figureFileSmall=NChcHnLtN2InIYi3xogH2g==, figureFileBig=MuA3iL2BLhJyMTKKjRs3jQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884077767540916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Oil Red staining results of liver tissues in each group of mice (400×), figureFileSmall=ju3XmPcElP7oCTx2rFmsjg==, figureFileBig=knTbfDJyPd5Rm3NrtNmZGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320884077826261173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组小鼠肝脏油红染色结果(400×)

注:箭头标注为肝脏脂滴沉积,圆圈标注为肝脏空泡。

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注:“*”代表与空白对照组相比,P<0.05;“#”代表与模型组相比,P<0.05。

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注:A:门水平物种相对丰度;B:属水平物种相对丰度;C:种水平物种相对丰度。

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Body weight and blood lipid of modeling mice (x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别体重(g)TG
(mmol/L)
TC
(mmol/L)
LDL-C
(mmol/L)
HDL-C
(mmol/L)
NC23.55±0.810.88±0.373.78±0.420.82±0.0810.80±1.51
M26.72±2.12**1.31±0.33*5.13±0.81**2.56±0.20*10.00±2.26
), ArticleFig(id=1320884078660927681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

造模小鼠体重及血脂四项测定(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别体重(g)TG
(mmol/L)
TC
(mmol/L)
LDL-C
(mmol/L)
HDL-C
(mmol/L)
NC23.55±0.810.88±0.373.78±0.420.82±0.0810.80±1.51
M26.72±2.12**1.31±0.33*5.13±0.81**2.56±0.20*10.00±2.26
), ArticleFig(id=1320884078723842242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of SICA on body weight and fat index of hyperlipidemia mice (x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数量
(只)
给药前
体重(g)
给药结束后
体重(g)
肾周脂肪
指数
附睾脂肪
指数
NC1024.44±0.6226.46±1.890.69±0.201.90±0.26
M1026.75±1.09*37.05±4.29**2.30±0.43**5.38±1.15**
LSICA1026.69±1.3431.45±1.86##1.75±0.55##4.29±0.93##
HSICA1026.51±1.3431.34±3.29##1.57±0.46##3.81±0.93##
AP1026.84±1.5934.13±2.43#1.73±0.23##4.63±0.59#
), ArticleFig(id=1320884078790951107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠体重、脂肪指数的影响(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别动物数量
(只)
给药前
体重(g)
给药结束后
体重(g)
肾周脂肪
指数
附睾脂肪
指数
NC1024.44±0.6226.46±1.890.69±0.201.90±0.26
M1026.75±1.09*37.05±4.29**2.30±0.43**5.38±1.15**
LSICA1026.69±1.3431.45±1.86##1.75±0.55##4.29±0.93##
HSICA1026.51±1.3431.34±3.29##1.57±0.46##3.81±0.93##
AP1026.84±1.5934.13±2.43#1.73±0.23##4.63±0.59#
), ArticleFig(id=1320884078858059972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of SICA on serum lipid, leptin and adiponectin in hyperlipidemia mice (x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TG
(mmol/L)
TC
(mmol/L)
LDL-C
(mmol/L)
HDL-C
(mmol/L)
瘦素
(ng/mL)
脂联素
(ng/mL)
NC0.87±0.083.68±0.460.42±0.165.96±0.496.27±0.4680.78±5.99
M1.28±0.25**7.31±0.78**2.77±0.72**5.07±0.67**7.68±0.60**78.68±4.29
LSICA0.90±0.08##6.01±0.67##1.26±0.44##5.51±0.675.86±0.25##81.41±2.28
HSICA0.88±0.11##6.17±0.50##1.47±0.34##5.80±0.45#5.80±0.46##86.09±7.69#
AP0.85±0.04##5.86±0.56##1.47±0.22##5.42±0.717.60±0.6584.08±3.87
), ArticleFig(id=1320884078920974533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠血清中血脂、瘦素、脂联素等含量的影响(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别TG
(mmol/L)
TC
(mmol/L)
LDL-C
(mmol/L)
HDL-C
(mmol/L)
瘦素
(ng/mL)
脂联素
(ng/mL)
NC0.87±0.083.68±0.460.42±0.165.96±0.496.27±0.4680.78±5.99
M1.28±0.25**7.31±0.78**2.77±0.72**5.07±0.67**7.68±0.60**78.68±4.29
LSICA0.90±0.08##6.01±0.67##1.26±0.44##5.51±0.675.86±0.25##81.41±2.28
HSICA0.88±0.11##6.17±0.50##1.47±0.34##5.80±0.45#5.80±0.46##86.09±7.69#
AP0.85±0.04##5.86±0.56##1.47±0.22##5.42±0.717.60±0.6584.08±3.87
), ArticleFig(id=1320884078996472006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of SICA on lipid metabolism regulatory enzyme activity in liver tissue of hyperlipidemia mice (x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别FAS含量(ng/mL)HMG-COA还原酶活力(U/L)
NC116.81±6.8093.43±6.43
M176.89±7.48**101.95±5.97
LSICA136.16±3.96##87.06±11.80#
HSICA128.69±3.96##75.97±10.30##
AP148.60±4.66##64.43±6.51##
), ArticleFig(id=1320884079076163783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320884070205210736, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠肝组织中脂质代谢调节酶活性影响(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别FAS含量(ng/mL)HMG-COA还原酶活力(U/L)
NC116.81±6.8093.43±6.43
M176.89±7.48**101.95±5.97
LSICA136.16±3.96##87.06±11.80#
HSICA128.69±3.96##75.97±10.30##
AP148.60±4.66##64.43±6.51##
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甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠脂质代谢及肠道微生物的影响
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冯雪 1, 2 , 杨瑞利 1, 2 , 侯鑫 3 , 刘凯会 1, 2 , 程鑫颖 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(6): 417-424
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (6) : 417 -424
甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠脂质代谢及肠道微生物的影响
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冯雪1, 2 , 杨瑞利1, 2, 侯鑫3, 刘凯会1, 2, 程鑫颖1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1河北晨光检测技术服务有限公司,河北邯郸 056106
  • 2河北省植物资源综合利用重点实验室,河北邯郸 057250
  • 3河北工程大学医学院,河北邯郸 056038
通讯作者:
程鑫颖(1984−),女,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:天然产物功效研究,E-mail:。
作者简介:

冯雪(1995−),女,本科,研究方向:天然产物功效研究,E-mail:

Effects of Stevia Isochlorogenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in High-fat Mice
Xue FENG1, 2 , Ruili YANG1, 2, Xin HOU3, Kaihui LIU1, 2, Xinying CHENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Hebei Chenguang Detection Technology Service Co., Ltd., Handan 056106, China
  • 2Hebei Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Plant Resources, Handan 057250, China
  • 3School of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030236
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本文旨在研究甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂血症小鼠血脂代谢异常的调节作用及肠道菌群的影响。将小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、辛伐他汀组、甜叶菊异绿原酸低、高剂量组,干预8周,定期测量小鼠体重。实验结束后测定小鼠血清血脂水平、脏器脂肪变化及肝脏中脂质调节关键酶活性,并观察肝脏、脂肪组织病理学变化。以小鼠粪便为研究对象,通过16S rRNA高通量测序分析甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠肠道菌群组成、相对丰度和多样性的影响。结果表明,甜叶菊异绿原酸可以减少高脂小鼠体重增幅(P<0.01);降低高脂小鼠血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、瘦素的含量(P<0.01);增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、脂联素含量(P<0.05),并抑制肝脏中脂肪合成酶(hepatic fatty acid synthase,FAS)和β-羟基β-甲基谷氨酰辅酶A(HMG-CoA)还原酶活性(P<0.01)。肠道菌群分析显示,甜叶菊异绿原酸显著提高拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门比例及Shannon多样性指数(P<0.01),并富集脂代谢相关功能基因。本研究表明,甜叶菊异绿原酸可以有效降低高脂饮食诱导的高脂小鼠血脂水平,减少小鼠肥胖及脂肪堆积,改善肝脏脂质沉积,其作用机制可能为通过调控脂质代谢途径关键合成酶,改善肠道菌群丰富度,增加拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比值等。本研究为甜叶菊副产物的高值化利用及天然降脂产品开发提供了理论依据。

甜叶菊异绿原酸  /  高脂血症  /  脂质代谢  /  肠道菌群  /  16S rRNA高通量测序

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of stevia isochlorogenic acid (SICA) on lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Mice were divided into a blank control group, model group, simvastatin group, and low- and high-dose SICA groups. After 8 weeks of intervention, body weight was monitored regularly. Serum lipid levels, visceral fat changes, and the activity of key lipid-regulating enzymes in the liver were measured post-experiment. Pathological changes in the liver and adipose tissue were observed. Fecal samples were analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to evaluate the effects of SICA on the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota. The results demonstrated that SICA significantly reduced weight gain in high-fat mice (P<0.01), decreased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and leptin (P<0.01), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and adiponectin levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, SICA inhibited the activity of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (P<0.01). Gut microbiota analysis revealed that SICA significantly elevated the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Shannon diversity index (P<0.01), while enriching functional genes associated with lipid metabolism. This study suggests that SICA effectively alleviates hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-induced mice by reducing obesity, lipid accumulation, and hepatic lipid deposition. The underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of key enzymes in lipid metabolism pathways and modulation of gut microbiota composition, particularly by enhancing the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and microbial diversity. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the high-value utilization of Stevia byproducts and the development of natural lipid-lowering products.

Stevia isochlorogenic acid  /  hyperlipidemia  /  lipid metabolism  /  gut microbiota  /  16S rRNA high throughput sequencing
冯雪, 杨瑞利, 侯鑫, 刘凯会, 程鑫颖. 甜叶菊异绿原酸对高脂小鼠脂质代谢及肠道微生物的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 417 -424 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030236
Xue FENG, Ruili YANG, Xin HOU, Kaihui LIU, Xinying CHENG. Effects of Stevia Isochlorogenic Acid on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in High-fat Mice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 417 -424 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030236
高脂血症(Hyperlipidemia)指由于机体脂质代谢紊乱或转运异常而引起血浆中一种或多种脂质结构失衡的代谢性疾病的统称,主要临床表现为血浆总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、三酰甘油(Triglycerides,TG)水平升高,或高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平降低[1]。根据最新流行病学研究发现,中国血脂异常人数已超过4亿,患病率高达40.4%,其中35岁以上人群的血脂异常总体患病率为34.7%、治疗率为7.8%[2]。该病正逐渐趋于年轻化,已成为威胁国民健康的重要公共卫生问题。当前临床治疗高脂血症以他汀类药物为主导,但长期使用可能引发肌痛、横纹肌溶解及肝功能异常等严重不良反应[3]。随着"药食同源"理念的深入发展,开发兼具安全性和功效性的天然降脂成分已成为代谢性疾病防控领域的重要研究方向。
近年来,基于国家食品药品监督管理总局特殊食品信息查询平台数据分析显示,我国已注册的辅助降血脂保健食品共计682款,主要原料包括红曲提取物、银杏叶、山楂、绞股蓝等传统药食两用资源。2023年降脂类保健食品市场规模已达140~210亿元人民币,在整体保健食品消费中占比3.5%~5.3%。随着人口老龄化加剧和代谢综合征患病率攀升,市场对天然来源降脂产品的需求将持续增长。在此背景下,深入挖掘药食同源植物的生物活性成分及其作用机制,对新型功能食品开发具有重要战略意义。
甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)作为菊科甜叶菊属多年生草本植物,因其叶片富含甜菊糖苷类高甜度成分而在食品工业中广泛应用。值得注意的是,在生产甜味剂过程中产生的副产物—甜叶菊绿原酸类化合物(主要为异绿原酸),尚未得到充分开发利用。甜叶菊异绿原酸(Stevia isochlorogenic acids,SICA)作为一类由奎宁酸与咖啡酸缩合形成的多酚类化合物,以3,4-二咖啡酰奎尼酸和4,5-二咖啡酰奎尼酸为主要成分,其分子结构中特有的双咖啡酰基团赋予其显著的抗氧化、抗炎及代谢调节活性[4−8]。前期研究提示,SICA可能通过调控PPARα/γ信号通路影响脂质代谢,但其具体作用机制及其对肠道微生态系统的调控作用尚未明确[9−10]。
本文采用高脂饮食诱导构建小鼠高血脂模型,通过给予不同剂量的SICA,检测不同剂量干预给药后高脂小鼠体指数、血脂水平、脂质代谢酶以及肠道菌群变化。本研究聚焦SICA对高脂血症的干预作用,首先从资源利用角度,研究甜叶菊加工副产物的生物活性,可为提升甜叶菊产业附加值提供理论依据,符合循环经济发展需求。其次,在应用转化方面,明确SICA的剂量效应关系及安全性特征,可为开发基于药食同源原料的降血脂功能食品提供科学依据,对缓解当前降脂药物不良反应问题具有重要的现实意义。
甜叶菊异绿原酸(SICA) 主要成分为二咖啡酰奎尼酸,其中3,4-diCQA和4,5-diCQA含量约占总酸含量的90%,晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司提供;辛伐他汀片(AP) 山西鑫煜制药有限公司提供;血清生化试剂检测(甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、脂联素、瘦素)试剂盒、肝脏脂质调节酶试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所提供;普通维持饲料、SPF级C57BL/6小鼠 雄性,6~8周龄,体重18~22 g,北京斯贝福生物有限公司(生产许可证:SCXK(京)2019-0010);12492M高脂饲料(12492M,60%) 北京博爱港生物技术有限公司。
AUY220电子天平 日本岛津株式会社;BX43+UC90光学显微镜 奥林巴斯(中国)有限公司;H1750R台式高速冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;Epoch2酶标仪 美国伯腾仪器有限公司;BS-240VET自动生化分析仪 深圳迈瑞科技公司。
饲养小鼠置于温度20~26 ℃,湿度40%~70%,每日12 h交替光照与黑暗的屏障环境中,动物自由饮水,适应饲养3 d。适应饲养结束后将小鼠分为正常对照组(10只)和造模组(60只),分别给予普通维持饲料、高脂饲料(脂肪能量比60%)[11]。每日上午对小鼠进行称重,记录小鼠摄食量,持续饲养4周。4周喂养结束后,对小鼠进行尾尖采血(采血量满足40 μL),血样3000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液利用试剂盒检测TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C含量。血清血脂4项指标中有2项与正常组有显著性升高,则判定小鼠高脂模型构建成功。
小鼠造模成功后,分为正常对照组(NC)、模型组(M)、甜叶菊异绿原酸低剂量组(LSICA)、甜叶菊异绿原酸组高剂量组(HSICA)和辛伐他汀组(AP),每组10只,保证每组小鼠体重、血脂水平均无显著性差异。本实验方案通过河北晨光检测技术服务有限公司动物伦理审核,伦理批号:ZY-LL-22001。
开始给药后,正常对照组给予普通维持饲料,其余各组仍然给予高脂饲料,并每周称重。每日上午给药,AP组按5 mg/kg剂量灌胃给药,LSICA、HSICA组分别按50、100 mg/kg剂量灌胃给药,NC组和M组给予生理盐水,持续给药8周[12−13]。给药干预结束后处死小鼠,收集小鼠结肠内容物、肝脏、血清、肾周和附睾脂肪组织,立即液氮冻存,于−80 ℃冰箱中保存。
药物干预8周结束后小鼠禁食12 h,于次日上午对小鼠眼球采血,利用生化分析仪测定血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C含量,利用试剂盒检测小鼠血清中瘦素、脂联素含量。
小鼠处死后,取出肝脏,剪取部分肝脏组织,以质量(g):体积(mL)按1:9比例加入0.9%生理盐水,冰水浴下机械匀浆,4 ℃离心(10 min,3000 r/min),取上清液,利用试剂盒对肝脏中的FAS、HMG-辅酶A还原酶活性进行检测。
将小鼠肝脏组织放入装有OCT固定液的1.5 mL离心管中完全浸没,倒放入液氮中迅速冷冻,待固定液凝固后取出置于−80 ℃冰箱保存,利用冰冻切片机切片,并根据油红染色试剂盒要求进行染色观察。
将小鼠附睾脂肪组织在PBS缓冲液中洗涤,用10%福尔马林固定,将组织脱水并包埋在石蜡中,切下4 μm厚组织切片,并根据标准操作流程用苏木精和曙红(H&E)染色,在光学显微镜下观察形态学变化。
处死小鼠后,在无菌条件下取出小鼠结肠内容物,干冰冻存送往北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司进行16S rDNA测序。采用Illumina NovaSeq6000测序平台,对16S rDNA基因的V3~V4区域进行测序,分析不同给药组小鼠结肠微生物改变情况。
本实验数据以均值±标准差(Mean±SD)的形式呈现,统计数据分析均使用SPSS 20.0统计学软件处理,采用单因素方差分析进行LSD检验,显著性水平设定为P<0.05,并采用Graphpad Prism 8软件完成图表绘制。
如表1所示,高脂饲料饲喂4周,相比于NC组,M组小鼠体重极显著性升高(P<0.01)、血清中TG含量、TC含量、LDL-C含量显著性升高(P<0.05),表明小鼠高血脂模型构建成功。
如表2所示,在开始给药前,给予高脂饲料的小鼠,任何两组之间体重都没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。实验期间各组小鼠体重水平变化情况见图1。饲喂并治疗8周后,各组小鼠体重变化情况,LSICA、HSICA组小鼠体重、肾周及附睾脂肪指数相比于M组小鼠均极显著性降低(P<0.01),给予AP组小鼠体重、附睾脂肪指数相比于M组小鼠显著性降低(P<0.05),肾周脂肪指数相比于M组小鼠极显著性降低(P<0.01)。综上表明,SICA可以减少高脂小鼠体重增幅及内脏脂肪指数。
从表3可见,高脂饲料喂养8周后,M组小鼠血清中TG、TC、LDL-C、瘦素含量相比于NC组均极显著性升高(P<0.01),HDL-C含量极显著性下降(P<0.01),脂联素含量无显著性变化(P>0.05)。LSICA、HSICA、AP组小鼠相比于M组,血清中TG、TC、LDL-C含量均极显著性降低(P<0.01),其中LSICA、HSICA组小鼠血清中瘦素相比于M组极显著性下降(P<0.01),HSICA组小鼠血清中HDL-C、脂联素含量相比于M组显著性升高(P<0.05),而AP组小鼠血清中HDL-C、瘦素、脂联素相比于M组则无显著性变化,这与各组小鼠的体重、内脏脂肪堆积情况一致,综上表明,SICA可以降低高脂饲料诱导的小鼠血脂水平升高,改善高脂饮食导致的瘦素抵抗,其中HSICA组还可以提高血清脂联素含量,从而增加小鼠胰岛素敏感。
FAS和HMG-CoA还原酶分别为机体合成脂肪酸、肝细胞合成胆固醇过程中的限速酶,与高血脂的形成密切相关[14−15]。从表4可见,经高脂饲料诱导,M组小鼠肝脏中FAS含量相比于NC组均极显著性升高(P<0.01),HMG-CoA还原酶活力相比于NC组有所升高,但无显著性(P>0.05)。经给药干预后,HSICA与AP组小鼠FAS、HMG-CoA还原酶活性相比于M组极显著性下降(P<0.01),LSICA组小鼠FAS含量相比于M组极显著性下降(P<0.01),HMG-CoA还原酶活性相比于M组显著性下降(P<0.05)。
小鼠肝脏油红染色结果显示(图2),M组小鼠肝脏空泡化严重,红色脂滴沉积情况明显,平均脂滴面积占肝脏总面积34%,经给药干预后各组小鼠肝脏脂滴沉积情况均有显著性改善,其中HSICA组小鼠肝脏脂滴沉积情况改善最为明显。
小鼠附睾脂肪组织HE染色结果显示(图3),NC组小鼠脂肪细胞体积较小,大小较均匀,M组小鼠脂肪细胞体积增大,经给药干预后各组小鼠脂肪细胞体积均有所下降。病理学观察结果表明,SICA可减少肝脏脂质堆积,并使脂肪细胞直径减小,与体指数检测结果一致。
PCA(Principal Component Analysis)是一种基于ASV相对丰度分布对多维数据进行降维,从而提取出数据中最主要的元素和结构的方法,样本的群落组成越相似,则它们在PCA图中的距离越接近。由图4可知,NC组与M组相距最远,说明高脂饮食会影响小鼠肠道菌群组成。
Shannon指数(Shannon's diversity index)和Simpson指数(Simpson's Index)都是用来描述群落多样性(物种丰富度和均匀度)的指标。群落多样性越高,物种分布越均匀,指数越大。由图5可知,相比于NC组,M组小鼠肠道菌群中Shannon和Simpson指数显著性降低(P<0.05),经给药干预后LSICA、HSICA、AP组相比于M组小鼠肠道菌群的Shannon和Simpson指数显著性增加(P<0.05),表明高脂饮食造模会导致小鼠肠道菌群多样性减少,SICA则具有改善作用。
在门水平上,各样本中主要由10个菌门构成,分别为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、脱铁杆菌门(Deferribacterota)、髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)、弯曲杆菌门(Campylobacterota)、蓝藻细菌门(Cyanobacteria)。其中拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门是绝对的优势菌门,相对丰度高达85%。有研究表明肥胖者的肠道中拟杆菌门比苗条者更少,厚壁菌门更多,拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门的比例紊乱可能会导致肥胖和糖尿病等代谢综合征,所以其比例较高更利于肠道菌群的平衡,维持较好的身材和健康[7,16]。由图6A可知,与NC组相比,M组拟杆菌门减少,厚壁菌门显著增加(P<0.05),比值显著降低(P<0.05)。与M组相比,LSICA、HSICA、AP组拟杆菌门均显著增加(P<0.05),厚壁菌门显著减少(P<0.05),其中HSICA组拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门的比例最高。
在属水平上,各样本主要由艾克曼氏菌属(Akkermansia)、杜氏杆菌属(Dubosiella)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、唾液乳杆菌属(Ligilactobacillus)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibaculum)、肠杆菌属(Enterorhabdus)、毛霉菌属(Erysipelatoclostridium)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)等十个菌属组成。由图6B可知,相比NC组(有益菌占比76.62%,有害菌占比4.08%),M组小鼠肠道菌群中艾克曼氏菌属显著减少(P<0.05),粪杆菌属、肠杆菌属、毛霉菌属等有害菌显著增加(P<0.05),与M组相比,HSICA组艾克曼氏菌属、拟普雷沃氏菌属、拟杆菌属等有益菌显著增加(P<0.05),粪杆菌属和毛霉菌属显著性降低(P<0.05)。
在种水平上,相比于NC组,M组动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium_animalis)和产短链脂肪酸菌(Bacteroides_caccimuris)的相对丰度显著降低。这些菌群的减少可能导致短链脂肪酸(如丁酸)合成减少,影响肠道屏障功能及脂质代谢调控[17]。同时M组中梭菌属(Clostridium_sp_Culture-41)和链球菌属(Streptococcus_daniellae)的丰度升高,这些菌群与炎症反应和脂质吸收异常相关,可能加剧血脂代谢紊乱。与M组相比,LSICA、HSICA组动物双歧杆菌和毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)家族菌种(如Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_28-4)的丰度回升,这些菌群的恢复可能通过增强短链脂肪酸的生成,改善肠道屏障功能并抑制炎症。同时梭菌属和链球菌属的丰度降低,表明SICA可以有效抑制促炎菌群的增殖。
由图7可知,M组在代谢功能(Metabolism)大类中的功能丰度低于NC组,表明高脂模型可能抑制了脂质、碳水化合物等代谢通路的活性,导致脂质代谢紊乱。LSICA、HSICA组在代谢功能大类中的功能丰度高于M组,其中LSICA组的丰富度与NC组相近,代谢功能的恢复可能反映肠道菌群对脂质、碳水化合物及氨基酸代谢的活性增强,与实验中观察到的LSICA、HSICA组血清TC、TG降低及肝脏脂质沉积改善一致。
本实验通过高脂饮食诱导成功建立小鼠高血脂模型,评价了甜叶菊异绿原酸(SICA)对脂质代谢及肠道菌群的调控作用。本研究表明,不同剂量SICA干预显著降低高脂小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平,并抑制肝脏中FAS和HMG-CoA还原酶活性(P<0.05),该作用机制可能与激活AMPK通路调控脂质合成关键酶表达相关[18]。病理学观察进一步证实,SICA组肝脏脂滴沉积面积较模型组显著减少,附睾脂肪细胞体积显著缩小,这与脂代谢调控剂改善脂肪沉积的典型病理特征相符[19−20]。
肠道菌群在机体健康中发挥着重要作用,本研究表明SICA显著提高肠道菌群α多样性(P<0.05),并逆转高脂饮食诱导的拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门比例失衡[20]。PICRUSt功能预测显示,SICA组肠道菌群中脂代谢相关功能丰度升高,提示甜叶菊异绿原酸可能通过激活AMPK通路抑制FAS和HMG-CoA还原酶的表达[21−22],同时通过上调肠道中拟杆菌门丰度,促进短链脂肪酸(如丁酸)的生成,进而抑制肝脏脂质合成并增强脂肪酸氧化,从而起到减少肝脏脂质沉积的作用[23−25]。
综上所述,SICA可以有效降低高脂饮食诱导的高脂小鼠血脂水平,减少小鼠肥胖及脂肪堆积,改善高脂饮食诱导的肝脏脂质沉积,作用机制可能为通过调控脂质代谢途径关键合成酶,改善肠道菌群丰富度,增加拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比值等。本研究为甜叶菊加工副产物的高值化利用(如功能性食品添加剂开发)提供了理论依据,推动了天然产物在代谢综合征防治中的应用。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030236
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
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    1河北晨光检测技术服务有限公司,河北邯郸 056106
    2河北省植物资源综合利用重点实验室,河北邯郸 057250
    3河北工程大学医学院,河北邯郸 056038

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程鑫颖(1984−),女,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:天然产物功效研究,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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