Article(id=1320889138958684366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030143, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741795200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854111660, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854111660, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854111660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854111660, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=147, endPage=154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889139743019215, articleId=1320889138958684366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Adding Pregelatinized Glutinous Rice Starch on the Physicochemical Properties of Rice Flour and the Quality of Its Instant Dry Rice Noodles, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the rehydration characteristics of instant dry rice noodles, the effects of adding pregelatinized glutinous rice starch (PGRS) on the gelatinization, pasting and rheological properties of rice flour and the structure, food quality and starch digestibility of the instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour were investigated. The results showed that adding 2%~8% PGRS reduced the gelatinization onset temperature of the rice flour by about 2.9 ℃, increased the enthalpy by more than 24%, increased the pasting viscosity by more than 6%, and weakened or enhanced the elasticity of the paste gel. When the addition amount of PGRS was 4%, the rehydration time was shortened to 280 s, and the texture and sensory quality remained good. When the addition amount of PGRS was ≤6%, the digestion resistance of instant dry rice noodles was enhanced, and the content of resistant starch (RS) increased by more than 33%. Therefore, the addition of PGRS could improve the rehydration characteristics of instant dry rice noodles and increase its RS content. This study provided a reference for applying PGRS to improve the quality of rice products.

, authors=Qin FENG1, Jing LI1, Xin ZHAO1, Chunmiao LU1, Jianhua WAN2, Siyu ZHANG1, Wenfang HAN1, Ying YANG1, *, authorsList=Qin FENG, Jing LI, Xin ZHAO, Chunmiao LU, Jianhua WAN, Siyu ZHANG, Wenfang HAN, Ying YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889143312371937, articleId=1320889138958684366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=添加预糊化糯米淀粉对大米粉理化性质及其方便干米粉品质的影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了提高方便干米粉的复水特性,本文研究了添加预糊化糯米淀粉(Pregelatinized glutinous rice starch,PGRS)对大米粉糊化特性、成糊特性、糊流变学特性及其方便干米粉结构、食用品质和淀粉消化性的影响。结果表明,添加2%~8% PGRS可以使大米粉糊化起始温度降低约2.9 ℃、热焓值增大24%以上,成糊黏度增大6%以上,糊凝胶弹性减弱或增强。当PGRS添加量为4%时,方便干米粉的复水时间缩短至280 s,质构与感官品质保持良好。当PGRS添加量≤6%时,方便干米粉的抗消化性增加,抗性淀粉(Resistant starch,RS)含量提高33%以上。因此,添加PGRS可以提高方便干米粉的复水特性并增加其RS含量。该研究为应用PGRS提高米制品品质提供了参考依据。

, authors=封琴1, 李静1, 赵欣1, 陆春苗1, 万建华2, 张思雨1, 韩文芳1, 杨英1, *, authorsList=封琴, 李静, 赵欣, 陆春苗, 万建华, 张思雨, 韩文芳, 杨英, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨英, authorNote=

封琴(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:

李静(2003−),女,大学本科,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨英(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:。
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Food Chemistry, 2024, 431: 137050., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889143664693474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889143673082083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, companyId=1320889143664693474, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889143677276388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, companyId=1320889143664693474, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程研究中心,中南林业科技大学食品科学与工程学院,湖南长沙 410004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889143962489062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889143970877671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, companyId=1320889143962489062, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Jiangsu Yiyuantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suqian 223800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889143979266280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, companyId=1320889143962489062, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2江苏益元泰生物技术有限公司,江苏宿迁 223800)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889148379091227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the gelatinization of rice flour, figureFileSmall=jFc/DBj4Z98BLuoivQaSzA==, figureFileBig=TqtxnZzBt3QkPhs69gCLbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889149628993820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图1, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉糊化特性的影响

注:A图为糊化曲线,B图为糊化参数;To、ΔH分别指大米粉糊化的起始温度和热焓值;不同小写字母表示样品间差异显著(P<0.05),图2、图5~图8同。

, figureFileSmall=jFc/DBj4Z98BLuoivQaSzA==, figureFileBig=TqtxnZzBt3QkPhs69gCLbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889149821931805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the pasting curve (A) and viscosity (B) of rice flour, figureFileSmall=T8XD6MWjO/Pg5o45ONzHJw==, figureFileBig=46lXUsFc6UdncZn6fv0mBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889149893234974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图2, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉成糊曲线(A)与黏度(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=T8XD6MWjO/Pg5o45ONzHJw==, figureFileBig=46lXUsFc6UdncZn6fv0mBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889149985509663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on G' and G'' of the rice flour paste, figureFileSmall=3XBAx4IK1qdqk7Ik4yqjww==, figureFileBig=SXBy6qvgboqgDlqLFPD1sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150052618528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图3, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉糊G'和G''的影响, figureFileSmall=3XBAx4IK1qdqk7Ik4yqjww==, figureFileBig=SXBy6qvgboqgDlqLFPD1sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150107144481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the X-ray diffraction patterns of the instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour, figureFileSmall=ZRyDYVnhX+yZ3fNqPCDBGw==, figureFileBig=e1NhHir7zNp0l6VB4VOWYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150174253346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图4, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉所制方便干米粉X-射线衍射图的影响, figureFileSmall=ZRyDYVnhX+yZ3fNqPCDBGw==, figureFileBig=e1NhHir7zNp0l6VB4VOWYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150245556515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the Fourier transform infrared spectrums (A), short-range ordered structure R1047/1022 and double helix structure R1022/995 (B) of starch in the instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour, figureFileSmall=exXuru7Y/OMtEoCCG1RiVQ==, figureFileBig=7k4Sg/IabjgQ97AjQywXsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150321053988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图5, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉所制方便干米粉淀粉傅里叶红外光谱图(A)以及短程有序结构R1047/1022和双螺旋结构R1022/995(B)的影响, figureFileSmall=exXuru7Y/OMtEoCCG1RiVQ==, figureFileBig=7k4Sg/IabjgQ97AjQywXsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150400745765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the rehydration characteristics of the instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour, figureFileSmall=x78zfDIwEVyR7Iu7UN4j5Q==, figureFileBig=De8lZViz1Uy6jBO94i5VRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150472048934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图6, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉所制方便干米粉复水特性的影响, figureFileSmall=x78zfDIwEVyR7Iu7UN4j5Q==, figureFileBig=De8lZViz1Uy6jBO94i5VRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150547546407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the texture characteristics (A, B and C) and sensory quality (D) of the rehydrated instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour, figureFileSmall=Pe2Dk+4a6FFJ/xAspMVcJQ==, figureFileBig=x3lET+pgXfzMSnnXATcP5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150618849576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图7, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉所制方便干米粉复水后质构特性(A、B和C)与感官品质(D)的影响, figureFileSmall=Pe2Dk+4a6FFJ/xAspMVcJQ==, figureFileBig=x3lET+pgXfzMSnnXATcP5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150690152745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Effect of PGRS addition amounts on the starch digestion rate (A) and starch composition (B) of the rehydrated instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour, figureFileSmall=++p4XYuoGdGGvZxBA0VQJA==, figureFileBig=8COP9pZS8oiRaD9JWv7JVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150765650218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=图8, caption=预糊化糯米淀粉添加量对大米粉所制方便干米粉复水后淀粉消化率(A)与淀粉组成(B)的影响

注:RDS、SDS和RS分别指快消化淀粉、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉。

, figureFileSmall=++p4XYuoGdGGvZxBA0VQJA==, figureFileBig=8COP9pZS8oiRaD9JWv7JVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889150836953387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for instant dry rice noodles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标分值(分)评分标准
色泽10米粉的颜色和亮度:淡白色、有光泽、无明显斑点、光亮(8~10分);亮度一般(4~7分);颜色发暗、发灰,亮度差(1~3分)
表观10米粉表面的光滑与膨胀程度:厚薄均匀、组织细腻、表面光滑(8~10分);表面较光滑、有少量杂质和轻微裂痕(5~7分);
表面粗糙、有较多杂质和裂痕(2~4分)
硬度25用牙咬断米粉所需力大小:软硬合适(21~25分);稍软或稍硬(14~20分);很软或很硬(0~13分)
弹性20咀嚼时米粉的筋道口感与弹性大小:弹性好(15~20分);弹性一般(8~14分);弹性差(3~7分)
粘性10咀嚼时米粉粘牙的程度:爽口、不粘牙(8~10分);稍粘牙(5~7分);粘牙(2~4分)
爽滑性10品尝时米粉口感的光滑程度:光滑爽口(8~10分);较光滑(4~7分);口感粗糙、不爽口(0~3分)
咀嚼性10米粉耐咀嚼性大小:耐咀嚼、口感好(8~10分);较耐咀嚼、口感一般(5~7分);不耐咀嚼、口感易烂(2~4分)
食味5品尝时米粉的味道:稻米清香味(5分);基本无异味(3~4分);有异味(1~2分)
), ArticleFig(id=1320889150912450860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889138958684366, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

方便干米粉的感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标分值(分)评分标准
色泽10米粉的颜色和亮度:淡白色、有光泽、无明显斑点、光亮(8~10分);亮度一般(4~7分);颜色发暗、发灰,亮度差(1~3分)
表观10米粉表面的光滑与膨胀程度:厚薄均匀、组织细腻、表面光滑(8~10分);表面较光滑、有少量杂质和轻微裂痕(5~7分);
表面粗糙、有较多杂质和裂痕(2~4分)
硬度25用牙咬断米粉所需力大小:软硬合适(21~25分);稍软或稍硬(14~20分);很软或很硬(0~13分)
弹性20咀嚼时米粉的筋道口感与弹性大小:弹性好(15~20分);弹性一般(8~14分);弹性差(3~7分)
粘性10咀嚼时米粉粘牙的程度:爽口、不粘牙(8~10分);稍粘牙(5~7分);粘牙(2~4分)
爽滑性10品尝时米粉口感的光滑程度:光滑爽口(8~10分);较光滑(4~7分);口感粗糙、不爽口(0~3分)
咀嚼性10米粉耐咀嚼性大小:耐咀嚼、口感好(8~10分);较耐咀嚼、口感一般(5~7分);不耐咀嚼、口感易烂(2~4分)
食味5品尝时米粉的味道:稻米清香味(5分);基本无异味(3~4分);有异味(1~2分)
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添加预糊化糯米淀粉对大米粉理化性质及其方便干米粉品质的影响
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封琴 1 , 李静 1 , 赵欣 1 , 陆春苗 1 , 万建华 2 , 张思雨 1 , 韩文芳 1 , 杨英 1, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(5): 147-154
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (5) : 147 -154
添加预糊化糯米淀粉对大米粉理化性质及其方便干米粉品质的影响
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封琴1 , 李静1 , 赵欣1, 陆春苗1, 万建华2, 张思雨1, 韩文芳1, 杨英1, *
作者信息
  • 1稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程研究中心,中南林业科技大学食品科学与工程学院,湖南长沙 410004
  • 2江苏益元泰生物技术有限公司,江苏宿迁 223800
通讯作者:
杨英(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

封琴(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:

李静(2003−),女,大学本科,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:

Effects of Adding Pregelatinized Glutinous Rice Starch on the Physicochemical Properties of Rice Flour and the Quality of Its Instant Dry Rice Noodles
Qin FENG1 , Jing LI1 , Xin ZHAO1, Chunmiao LU1, Jianhua WAN2, Siyu ZHANG1, Wenfang HAN1, Ying YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
  • 2Jiangsu Yiyuantai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Suqian 223800, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030143
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为了提高方便干米粉的复水特性,本文研究了添加预糊化糯米淀粉(Pregelatinized glutinous rice starch,PGRS)对大米粉糊化特性、成糊特性、糊流变学特性及其方便干米粉结构、食用品质和淀粉消化性的影响。结果表明,添加2%~8% PGRS可以使大米粉糊化起始温度降低约2.9 ℃、热焓值增大24%以上,成糊黏度增大6%以上,糊凝胶弹性减弱或增强。当PGRS添加量为4%时,方便干米粉的复水时间缩短至280 s,质构与感官品质保持良好。当PGRS添加量≤6%时,方便干米粉的抗消化性增加,抗性淀粉(Resistant starch,RS)含量提高33%以上。因此,添加PGRS可以提高方便干米粉的复水特性并增加其RS含量。该研究为应用PGRS提高米制品品质提供了参考依据。

方便干米粉  /  大米粉  /  预糊化糯米淀粉  /  理化性质  /  品质

In order to improve the rehydration characteristics of instant dry rice noodles, the effects of adding pregelatinized glutinous rice starch (PGRS) on the gelatinization, pasting and rheological properties of rice flour and the structure, food quality and starch digestibility of the instant dry rice noodles made of the rice flour were investigated. The results showed that adding 2%~8% PGRS reduced the gelatinization onset temperature of the rice flour by about 2.9 ℃, increased the enthalpy by more than 24%, increased the pasting viscosity by more than 6%, and weakened or enhanced the elasticity of the paste gel. When the addition amount of PGRS was 4%, the rehydration time was shortened to 280 s, and the texture and sensory quality remained good. When the addition amount of PGRS was ≤6%, the digestion resistance of instant dry rice noodles was enhanced, and the content of resistant starch (RS) increased by more than 33%. Therefore, the addition of PGRS could improve the rehydration characteristics of instant dry rice noodles and increase its RS content. This study provided a reference for applying PGRS to improve the quality of rice products.

instant dry rice noodles  /  rice flour  /  pregelatinized glutinous rice starch  /  physicochemical properties  /  quality
封琴, 李静, 赵欣, 陆春苗, 万建华, 张思雨, 韩文芳, 杨英. 添加预糊化糯米淀粉对大米粉理化性质及其方便干米粉品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 147 -154 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030143
Qin FENG, Jing LI, Xin ZHAO, Chunmiao LU, Jianhua WAN, Siyu ZHANG, Wenfang HAN, Ying YANG. Effects of Adding Pregelatinized Glutinous Rice Starch on the Physicochemical Properties of Rice Flour and the Quality of Its Instant Dry Rice Noodles[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 147 -154 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030143
米粉是我国南方传统主食之一,常由大米粉经糊化、挤压成线或切分成条制成,可根据水分含量分为鲜湿米粉、半干米粉和干米粉[1]。干米粉因具有保质期长、储运方便的优点而占据较大的市场份额。方便干米粉是用热水冲泡即食的干米粉,与需要浸泡后煮制较长时间才能食用的传统干米粉相比,具有食用方便的优势,但仍需攻克复水时间过长的技术瓶颈[2]。已有研究尝试采用温和蒸汽预处理[3],蒸制形成浓缩诱导型海藻酸钠凝胶[4]、添加葡甘露聚糖[5]等方法缩短方便干米粉的复水时间。然而,采用温和蒸汽预处理需要增加生产设备,形成海藻酸钠凝胶或添加葡甘露聚糖等亲水胶体易导致米粉原有大米风味与口感的损失。因此,在不增加新设备也不减损米粉原有特色感官品质的情况下提高干米粉的复水特性更有助于利用原有生产线生产出让消费者更满意的方便干米粉产品。
预糊化淀粉是一种物理改性淀粉,通常使用滚筒干燥、挤压或喷雾干燥等方法制备,容易吸水膨胀而发挥增稠作用[6],已被作为保水剂、增稠剂等广泛应用于食品工业[7]。已有研究表明,添加预糊化淀粉可以降低糙米粉糊的黏度并提高其热稳定性[8]、增加米发糕的比容与弹韧性并延缓米发糕老化[9]和提高糯米粉凝胶结构的稳定性[10]。预糊化糯米淀粉(Pregelatinized glutinous rice starch,PGRS)作为以糯米淀粉为原料的预糊化淀粉,已被用于改变糯米粉的黏性和回生特性[11],并被用于制备无麸质面包[12]。PGRS不仅像其它预糊化淀粉一样具有优良的膨胀性和保水性[13],而且与米粉原料大米具有同种类淀粉颗粒结构。因此,添加PGRS制备干米粉很可能可以在不减损米粉原有特色感官品质的基础上提高干米粉的复水特性,但鲜见相关报道。
为了确定PGRS对干米粉复水特性的影响,也为了给应用PGRS提高米制品品质提供理论依据,本文参考预糊化淀粉在米制品中的常用添加量,研究了添加2%~8% PGRS对大米粉理化性质及其方便干米粉品质的影响。
珍珠三号大米 产自安徽芜湖南陵县,加工至二级精度;预糊化糯米淀粉(PGRS) 广州舒馨食品配料有限公司;α-淀粉酶(10 U/mg)、胃蛋白酶(400 U/mg) 美国Sigma公司;α-1,4-葡萄糖苷淀粉酶(100000 U/mg) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;葡萄糖试剂盒 爱尔兰Megazyme公司;其他分析试剂为国产分析纯级别。
Q2000差示扫描量热仪 美国TA公司;SUPER-4快速粘度分析仪 瑞典波通公司;DHR-2流变仪 美国TA公司;SZ-30米粉机 广州旭众食品机械有限公司;Rigaku SmartLab SE型X-射线衍射仪 日本理学公司;IRTracer-100傅里叶红外光谱仪 岛津企业管理(中国)有限公司;TA XT Plus质构仪 英国Stable Micro System公司。
将大米干磨并过100目筛获得大米粉。参考Wang等[14]用预糊化淀粉替代部分原大米粉的添加比例,按大米粉干基重量计算,将0%、2%、4%、6%、8% PGRS(w/w)添加到大米粉中并混合均匀获得PGRS添加量有差异的大米粉样品。
参考Lu等[15]描述的方法,先将3.0 mg大米粉样品和6.0 mL蒸馏水加入铝坩埚中密封压片后放置在4 ℃平衡24 h,后以10 ℃/min的速率将样品从30 ℃加热至120 ℃。
参考李欣倩等[16]的方法,使用快速粘度分析仪标准Ⅰ设定程序测定大米粉样品的成糊特性。
使用流变仪测定1.2.3制备的大米粉糊的流变学特性。参考Yang等[17]描述的方法,采用40 mm、2°的椎板和1000 µm的间隙。在25 ℃下,使用0.1~1000 s−1的剪切程序测试大米粉糊样品的静态流变特性,并用Herschel–bulkley模型,如式(1)所示,通过参数n和K进行表征[18];在25 ℃下和样品的线性应变范围内,使用0.1~100 rad/s的频率扫描程序测试大米粉糊样品的粘弹性,得到其动态流变参数储能模量G'和损耗模量G'',根据G'和G''计算损耗角正切值tan δ。
$\rm \sigma =\sigma _0+K{\gamma }^{n} $
式中:σ表示剪切应力,Pa;σ0表示屈服应力,Pa;K表示稠度系数,Pa·s;γ̇表示剪切速率,s−1;n表示流动特性指数。
将1.2.1制备的大米粉样品与水(60%,w/w)均匀混合,使用配2 mm孔径模具的米粉机将混合物挤压成米粉,将米粉在25 ℃下老化2 h后在60 ℃下干燥90 min获得方便干米粉样品,将其密封保存。
使用X射线衍射仪分析方便干米粉的结晶结构[19]。在40 kV和50 mA条件下,以10°/min的速率于4°~60° 2θ角范围扫描粉末状方便干米粉样品。
将2.0 mg粉末状方便干米粉样品与200.0 mg溴化钾充分研磨并压片,以4 cm−1的分辨率于4000~500 cm−1范围扫描样品[20]。采用OMINC软件对1200~800 cm−1范围内图谱进行基线校正,测定去卷积后1047、1022、995 cm−1处的峰强度,计算1047 cm−1与1022 cm−1的峰强度比值(R1047/1022)和1022 cm−1与995 cm−1的峰强度比值(R1022/995)。
根据舒星琦等[21]描述的方法测定方便干米粉的复水时间,并稍作修改。用20倍重量的沸水冲泡方便干米粉样品,4 min后每10 s取出部分样品用玻璃片夹断观察米粉白芯情况,第一次观察到米粉白芯消失的时间即为方便干米粉的复水时间。将方便干米粉样品用沸水冲泡到其复水时间后,在105 ℃下将米粉汤汁干燥至恒重,该重量与方便干米粉样品干基重量的百分比即为方便干米粉的复水损失率。
用质构仪对复水后的方便干米粉进行TPA测试[22]:使用P/36 R探头,测试前、中、后的速度为1 mm/s,压缩比为75%,触发力为5 g,压缩间隔为5 s。
由10名身体健康、感官正常并接受过感官评价培训的志愿者品尝复水后的方便干米粉样品,根据参考T/CCOA4-2019制定的评价标准(如表1所示)进行评分。
根据Lu等[5]描述的体外模拟消化方法测定方便干米粉复水后的淀粉消化率。将复水后的方便干米粉样品加入pH6.8的乙酸盐缓冲溶液(0.2 mol/L)中,并在37 ℃下以150 r/min的速度往复摇动;加入1 mL α-淀粉酶溶液(75 U/mL)模拟口腔环境反应2 min后,快速加入1 mol/L盐酸溶液将pH调节至2.0并加入1 mL胃蛋白酶反应溶液(2000 U/mL)模拟胃环境反应120 min;继续加入0.2 mol/L乙酸钠溶液将pH调节至5.2并加入3 mL含有α-淀粉酶(35 U/mL)和α-1,4-葡糖苷淀粉酶(35 U/mL)的酶溶液模拟小肠环境反应5 h。当模拟小肠反应至0、20、60、90、120 min时,立即取出0.1 mL反应液进行沸水灭酶15 min,然后用GOPOD试剂盒测定葡萄糖含量,并按以下公式计算消化率以及快消化淀粉(Rapidly digestible starch,RDS)、慢消化淀粉(Slowly digestible starch,SDS)和抗性淀粉(Resistant starch,RS)的含量。
$\rm 消化率(\text{%}) =\frac{{G_{120}}\times \text{0.9}}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$\rm \text{RDS}(\text{%}) =\frac{({G_{20}}-\text{G}_0)\times \text{0.9}}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$\rm \text{SDS}(\text{%}) =\frac{({G_{120}}-{G_{20}})\times \text{0.9}}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
$\rm \text{RS}(\text{%}) =\frac{\text{TS}-RDS-SDS}{\text{TS}}\times 100 $
式中:RDS、SDS和RS分别表示快消化淀粉、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量,%;G0、G20、G120分别表示模拟小肠消化0、20和120 min时反应物的葡萄糖含量,mg;TS表示样品的总淀粉含量,用模拟小肠消化5 h后的反应液葡萄糖含量表示,mg。
使用SPSS 19.0软件的单因素方差分析和Duncan显著性检验(P<0.05)分析数据,并用两次(糊化特性和成糊特性数据)或三次测定的“平均值±标准偏差”表示结果。用Origin 2021软件绘图,并用OMNIC 8.0软件分析红外光谱图。
大米粉样品在65~85 ℃范围内出现了如图1A所示的淀粉糊化吸热峰,添加PGRS对大米粉糊化特性的具体影响如图1B所示。添加PGRS使大米粉的糊化吸热峰向左偏移(图1A),糊化起始温度(Onset temperature,To)显著降低而热焓值(Enthalpy,ΔH)显著增大(P<0.05)(图1B),但对糊化峰值温度和终止温度没有显著影响(P>0.05)。具体而言,添加2%、4%、6%、8%PGRS均使大米粉的To降低约2.9 ℃;添加2%、4%、6%PGRS均使大米粉的ΔH增大约39.5%,而添加8%PGRS引起的ΔH增大率为24.6%。To代表破坏淀粉无定形区结构所需的最低温度,而ΔH可反映破坏淀粉双螺旋结构所需热量[23]。由于PGRS是预糊化淀粉,原有淀粉颗粒结构已被破坏,没有颗粒形态束缚的淀粉分子与水分子易发生氢键作用而呈现强亲水性[24],所以混匀在大米粉中的PGRS可以通过加速周围未糊化大米淀粉颗粒吸水膨胀的方式降低大米粉的To。然而,在粉水重量比受限于1:2的情况下,添加极易吸水膨胀的PGRS会使大米淀粉糊化所能利用到的水分减少[25],从而增加后续糊化进程破坏淀粉双螺旋结构所需的热量,最终导致ΔH显著增大。添加8% PGRS使大米粉ΔH增大率变小的原因很可能是8%的添加量已使测试样品中的大米淀粉含量降低到超过PGRS抢夺水分影响ΔH的程度。
添加PGRS对大米粉成糊特性的影响如图2所示。添加PGRS使大米粉的成糊曲线发生了以向上偏移为主的变化(图2A),使黏度参数基本增大(图2B),但对崩解值和回生值没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。具体而言,添加2%、4%、6%、8% PGRS均使大米粉的峰值黏度增大约6.6%、谷值黏度增大约10.3%;添加4%、6% PGRS均使大米粉的终值黏度增大约6.6%,而添加2%、8% PGRS对大米粉的终值黏度没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。由于糯米淀粉几乎不含直链淀粉[26],PGRS的主要成分是支链淀粉,因而在水中具有通常高于普通大米淀粉的黏度,因此添加PGRS会使大米粉成糊体系的黏度整体增大。另外,PGRS分子很可能与糊化后的大米淀粉分子相互作用,参与体系淀粉分子重排稳定化过程并对结果产生影响,而该影响与其增大黏度的作用可能存在动态平衡,因此添加量不同的PGRS对大米粉终值黏度的影响有差异。
添加PGRS对大米粉糊的静态流变参数n和K(Herschel-bulkley模型的R2为0.9973~0.9991)没有显著性影响(P>0.05),对动态流变参数G'和G''的影响如图3所示。添加PGRS没有改变样品G'大于G''的整体状态,对大米粉糊的G''没有明显影响,但使大米粉糊的G'随PGRS添加量的增加先下降后升高,并且在添加量为6%时回到原值。当G'>G''时,损耗因子tan δ<1,样品体系呈现“似固状态”,而G'与体系的弹性呈正比[27]。因此,添加PGRS没有改变大米粉糊似固的凝胶状态,但使凝胶的弹性随添加量不同而发生变化。PGRS在添加量<6%时对大米粉糊凝胶弹性的减弱作用很可能通过分散阻碍大米淀粉分子链间交联形成凝胶而产生[28],而在添加量>6%时对大米淀粉糊凝胶弹性的增强作用很可能与足量的具有高冷糊粘度[29]的PGRS可以增强大米淀粉的凝胶结构有关。
在添加PGRS可以改变大米粉的糊化特性、成糊黏度和糊凝胶弹性的情况下,添加PGRS很可能对该大米粉所制方便干米粉的品质产生影响,因此本文进一步研究添加PGRS对该方便干米粉结构、食用品质和淀粉消化性的影响。
对比图4中的X-射线衍射图可以看出,添加PGRS没有改变方便干米粉的结晶结构。对比图5A中的红外光谱图发现,添加PGRS没有产生新的吸收峰,也没有使方便干米粉的吸收峰发生明显的位移,说明添加PGRS没有使方便干米粉产生新的化学基团,也没有与方便干米粉的非淀粉成分形成共价键[30]。进一步分析如图5B所示的常用于表征淀粉短程有序结构的R1047/1022和表征淀粉双螺旋结构的R1022/995[31],发现添加PGRS对方便干米粉的R1047/1022没有显著性影响(P>0.05),并且添加2%、6%、8%PGRS对方便干米粉的R1022/995也没有显著性影响(P>0.05),但添加4% PGRS使方便干米粉的R1022/995提高了4.3%。因此,添加PGRS没有显著改变方便干米粉的短程有序结构,但添加量为4%时可能会增强方便干米粉中的淀粉双螺旋结构。
添加PGRS对方便干米粉复水特性的影响如图6所示。PGRS添加量为4%、6%时使方便干米粉的复水时间从340 s分别显著缩短至280、290 s(P<0.05),缩短率分别为17.65%和14.71%,而添加量为2%时没有显著改变复水时间(P>0.05),添加量为8%时甚至延长了复水时间。同步测定的复水损失率表明,添加PGRS显著增大了方便干米粉的复水损失率(P<0.05),但添加4%、6% PGRS后的复水损失率很低,分别为0.69%和0.55%。因此,综合而言,添加4%、6%PGRS可以有效提高方便干米粉的复水特性。由于添加4%、6% PGRS可以使大米粉的To降低、ΔH增大(2.1),峰值黏度和终值黏度均增大(2.2),糊凝胶弹性变化较小(2.3),同时考虑到PGRS具有高亲水性及增大方便干米粉复水损失率的作用,添加量为4%、6%的PGRS很可能通过与大米粉组分适度相互作用使方便干米粉形成易被热水冲泡产生更多细微孔隙的结构,进而提高方便干米粉的复水特性。该推测与干米粉表面的多孔结构可以通过缩短水分子迁移到米粉中心所需要时间或减少复水所需水量缩短复水时间的研究结论是一致的[32]。
添加PGRS对方便干米粉复水后的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和粘性产生了显著性影响(P<0.05)。与未添加PGRS方便干米粉相比,添加6%、8% PGRS使方便干米粉的硬度分别增大23.8%和25.6%,添加2%、4%PGRS使方便干米粉的弹性分别降低15.2%和15.7%(图7A);添加6%、8% PGRS使方便干米粉的回复性分别提高11.1%和11.4%,添加4%、8% PGRS使方便干米粉的粘聚性分别提高8.7%和13.4%(图7B);添加8% PGRS使方便干米粉的咀嚼性增大30.4%,添加6% PGRS使方便干米粉的粘性增大122.8%(图7C)。综合比较,添加2%、4% PGRS对方便干米粉质构特性的影响较小,而该添加量对方便干米粉弹性的小幅降低作用与其对大米粉糊凝胶弹性的有限减弱作用(2.3)是一致的。另外,添加PGRS对方便干米粉复水后的感官评价指标中的弹性、硬度、咀嚼性和总分产生了显著性影响(P<0.05)。如图7D所示,添加6% PGRS使方便干米粉的弹性评分降低23.9%,硬度评分降低20.3%;添加8% PGRS使方便干米粉的咀嚼性评分降低20.2%;添加6%、8% PGRS使方便干米粉感官总评分分别降低14.1%和11.7%,而添加2%、4%PGRS对方便干米粉的感官品质没有产生显著性影响(P>0.05)。因此,综合考虑添加PGRS对方便干米粉复水特性以及复水后质构特性与感官品质的影响,添加4% PGRS可以在较好保持方便干米粉质构与感官品质的情况下提高其复水特性。
添加PGRS对方便干米粉复水后的淀粉消化率和消化类型的影响如图8所示。在体外模拟小肠消化2 h内,添加2% PGRS使方便干米粉的淀粉消化速率明显降低,添加4%、6% PGRS均只在消化120 min时使方便干米粉的淀粉消化率下降约16.8%,而添加8% PGRS使方便干米粉的淀粉消化速率明显升高(图8A)。此外,添加PGRS对方便干米粉的RDS含量没有显著性影响(P>0.05);但添加2%、4%、6% PGRS分别使方便干米粉的SDS含量降低40.9%、23.1%和24.6%,RS含量升高66.9%、33.8%和33.7%(图8B)。因此,添加2%、4%、6% PGRS可以提高方便干米粉的抗消化性。添加PGRS对大米粉淀粉消化性的影响与PGRS分子和大米淀粉分子之间的相互作用密切相关。尽管添加量≤6%的PGRS很可能通过分散阻碍大米淀粉分子链间交联形成凝胶而减弱了大米粉糊的凝胶弹性(2.3),但是这些适量分散在大米粉中的PGRS分子更可能通过与大米淀粉分子相互作用形成更多抗酶解的淀粉分子结构而提高了方便干米粉的RS含量。
添加2%~8% PGRS可以使大米粉糊化起始温度降低、热焓值增大,成糊黏度增大,糊凝胶弹性产生变化;添加4% PGRS可以在不增加新设备也不减损米粉原有特色感官品质的情况下使方便干米粉的复水时间缩短至280 s;添加不超过6% PGRS可以使方便干米粉的RS含量提高33%以上。该研究为提高方便干米粉复水品质提供了新方法,也为PGRS在米制品中的应用提供了理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030143
  • 接收时间:2025-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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    1稻谷及副产物深加工国家工程研究中心,中南林业科技大学食品科学与工程学院,湖南长沙 410004
    2江苏益元泰生物技术有限公司,江苏宿迁 223800

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杨英(1982−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:淀粉与粮食深加工,E-mail:。
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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