Article(id=1320889105387471207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854103656, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854103656, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854103656, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854103656, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=301, endPage=314, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889105681072488, articleId=1320889105387471207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Nutritional Composition and Volatile Components of Birch Sap, columnId=1261343843585241413, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Analysis and Determination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the nutritional composition and flavor quality of birch sap, providing a scientific basis for the selection of strains for fermented birch sap. Eight distinct strains of lactic acid bacteria were selected to ferment birch sap collected at various intervals. The study comprehensively analyzed alterations in physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of birch sap before and after fermentation. Results indicated chemical composition disparities in birch sap collected at different times, with early sap exhibiting higher sugar and acid levels, a more diverse array of volatile compounds, yet lower content of flavor amino acids compared to the late birch sap. The eight strains had good growth and metabolism in birch sap. After fermentation by the strains, the pH and reducing sugar content of birch sap decreased, while the total acid content increased. The antioxidant capacity of birch sap was enhanced. Through analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography, a total of 21 amino acids were detected in fermented birch sap. After fermentation, both sweet and bitter amino acid levels rose in early birch sap, contrasting with a decline in sweet amino acids and relatively stable bitter amino acid levels in late birch sap. The composition of volatile compounds was analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 46 volatile compounds were detected in birch sap, with both the variety and quantity of volatile compounds experiencing significant enhancement post-fermentation. Notable variations in quality transformations were observed in birch sap collected at different time points following fermentation. The changes in total acid content, reducing sugar content, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of fermented birch sap collected in early sap were more significant. Principal component analysis revealed distinct quality differences between fermented and unfermented birch sap. A comprehensive review shows that lactic acid bacteria fermentation can enhance the flavor quality of birch sap, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BB16 is considered the optimal fermentation strain.

, authors=Jiaying ZHENG1, 2, Yunuo LI1, 2, Gaoze LIANG1, 2, Hui WEN2, Weidong ZHANG3, Hongyuan ZHAO3, Yanshen XU3, Xiaonan WANG1, 2, Yujie FU1, 2, Baoqing ZHU1, 2, *, authorsList=Jiaying ZHENG, Yunuo LI, Gaoze LIANG, Hui WEN, Weidong ZHANG, Hongyuan ZHAO, Yanshen XU, Xiaonan WANG, Yujie FU, Baoqing ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Baoqing ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889110215115126, articleId=1320889105387471207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分及挥发性化合物的影响, columnId=1261343846139572559, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=分析检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究旨在系统评估乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分和挥发性化合物的影响,以期为开发白桦树汁发酵产品的菌株选择提供科学依据。选取8株不同乳酸菌,分别对不同时期采集的白桦树汁进行发酵处理,系统分析发酵前后白桦树汁的理化指标、抗氧化性、氨基酸组成以及挥发性化合物的变化情况。结果表明,不同时期采集的白桦树汁存在化学成分差异,前期白桦树汁具有更高的糖和酸,以及更为丰富的挥发性化合物,而后期白桦树汁拥有较高含量的风味氨基酸。8种乳酸菌在白桦树汁中表现出良好的生长代谢能力。经菌株发酵后,白桦树汁pH、还原糖含量减少,总酸含量增加,抗氧化能力提高。通过高效液相色谱分析氨基酸组成,白桦树汁发酵后共检测到21种氨基酸,前期白桦树汁发酵后甜味、苦味氨基酸含量都有增加,而后期发酵后甜味氨基酸减少,苦味氨基酸无明显变化。使用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发性化合物组成,白桦树汁发酵后共检测到46种挥发性化合物,其种类和含量显著增加。不同时期采集的白桦树汁在发酵后的品质变化存在显著差异。前期采集的白桦树汁发酵后总酸含量、还原糖含量、氨基酸和挥发性化合物组成变化都更为显著。主成分分析显示,发酵前后的白桦树汁具有显著的品质差异。综上,乳酸菌发酵能够提升白桦树汁风味品质,且植物乳植杆菌BB16被认为是最佳发酵菌株。

, authors=郑家英1, 2, 李语诺1, 2, 梁高泽1, 2, 文慧2, 张卫东3, 赵宏远3, 许延伸3, 王晓楠1, 2, 付玉杰1, 2, 朱保庆1, 2, *, authorsList=郑家英, 李语诺, 梁高泽, 文慧, 张卫东, 赵宏远, 许延伸, 王晓楠, 付玉杰, 朱保庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱保庆, authorNote=

郑家英(2002−),女,本科,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
朱保庆(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品风味化学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gs5EKakSJM6Q4xGIg6oVig==, magXml=m0Iqm5pyCQTdZg1LAXLlUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0FVrlVdcCPH2Hx+ZjUOUfw==, pdfFileSize=6303671, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=I91zxIebGn6Y8FgLIdut9w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Gvk66ogTUJ5VkObv0zEt3Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889111020421505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=554968948@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889111112696196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, authorId=1320889111020421505, language=EN, stringName=Jiaying ZHENG, firstName=Jiaying, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
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Food and Fermentation Industries, 2022, 48(1): 315−323., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889125515936260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Shan, LIU Ying, YUAN Shao, et al. Study of consumer liking of six Chinese vinegar products and the correlation between these likings and the volatile profile[J]. Foods, 2022, 11(15): 2224., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889125578850821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Suling, ZHAO Huiyu, TANG Zhiwei, et al. Flavor characteristics of key aroma compounds in bayberry juice, fruit, and thinning fruit using HS-SPME coupled with GC/Q-TOF-MS[J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2024, 128: 106032., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889110777151863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889110781346168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, companyId=1320889110777151863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889110789734777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, companyId=1320889110777151863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889110852649338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889110861037947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, companyId=1320889110852649338, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889110865232252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, companyId=1320889110852649338, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889110928146813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889110936535422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, companyId=1320889110928146813, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Heilongjiang Da Hinggan Ling Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau, Jiagedaqi District 165002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889110944924031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, companyId=1320889110928146813, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3黑龙江省大兴安岭加格达奇林业局,黑龙江加格达奇区 165002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889116468822466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Viable cell counts of 8 strains after fermenting early birch sap (A) and late birch sap (B) for 48 hours, figureFileSmall=hHh2YqhjqBDMe4QW7eoHNA==, figureFileBig=I91zxIebGn6Y8FgLIdut9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889116615623107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=图1, caption=前期白桦树汁(A)、后期白桦树汁(B)发酵48 h后8株菌的活菌数

注:不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),图2~图3同。

, figureFileSmall=hHh2YqhjqBDMe4QW7eoHNA==, figureFileBig=I91zxIebGn6Y8FgLIdut9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889116938584516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in physicochemical properties of birch sap before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=j2qoy364LjFj1jMkK78Jdw==, figureFileBig=ZSe5ZmbZLsa8DlwDAFngWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889117093773765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=图2, caption=白桦树汁发酵前后的理化指标变化

注:前期白桦树汁组:A.pH;B.总酸含量;C.还原糖含量;后期白桦树汁组:D.pH;E.总酸含量;F.还原糖含量。

, figureFileSmall=j2qoy364LjFj1jMkK78Jdw==, figureFileBig=ZSe5ZmbZLsa8DlwDAFngWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889118742135238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in antioxidant activity of birch sap before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=h0q4Cx2xH7zjOutSYo1oBg==, figureFileBig=sVilcyOqDkqGDH+SUAWs9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889118813438407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=图3, caption=白桦树汁发酵前后的抗氧化活性变化

注:前期白桦树汁组:A.ABTS+自由基清除率;B.DPPH自由基清除率;后期白桦树汁组:C.ABTS+自由基清除率;D.DPPH自由基清除率。

, figureFileSmall=h0q4Cx2xH7zjOutSYo1oBg==, figureFileBig=sVilcyOqDkqGDH+SUAWs9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889118918296008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Clustered heatmap of volatile compound content in birch sap before and after fermentation, figureFileSmall=I1Jp8BkuxRWs7HfDKy8/4g==, figureFileBig=TO4FBXfKNl/HBDBl4fc2Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889118981210569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=图4, caption=白桦树汁发酵前后的挥发性化合物含量聚类热图

注:Z指代前期,W指代后期。

, figureFileSmall=I1Jp8BkuxRWs7HfDKy8/4g==, figureFileBig=TO4FBXfKNl/HBDBl4fc2Wg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889119081873866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Principal component analysis (PCA) of comprehensive indicators of fermented early birch sap, figureFileSmall=MKQGX8hp4YuujQcGzDNRZQ==, figureFileBig=eJqDilSDIkK6RmFcdHNqUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889119157371339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=图5, caption=发酵前期白桦树汁综合指标的主成分分析

注:A.载荷图;B.得分图,图6同。

, figureFileSmall=MKQGX8hp4YuujQcGzDNRZQ==, figureFileBig=eJqDilSDIkK6RmFcdHNqUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889119241257420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Principal component analysis (PCA) of comprehensive indicators of fermented late birch sap, figureFileSmall=ldyVpkbamd5v7LFIZGcobQ==, figureFileBig=UMqwdN+R/P20baotJJmYKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889119543247309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=图6, caption=发酵后期白桦树汁综合指标的主成分分析, figureFileSmall=ldyVpkbamd5v7LFIZGcobQ==, figureFileBig=UMqwdN+R/P20baotJJmYKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889119635521998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Linear relationship of amino acid standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸线性关系相关系数线性范围(mg/mL)
谷氨酸y=4407.2x+3.88790.99710.003125~0.1
谷氨酰胺y=2508.3x+29.34000.99380.009375~0.3
精氨酸y=5018.6x−12.65800.99440.003125~0.3
脯氨酸y=6929.8x+1.45960.99890.0125~0.4
天冬氨酸y=2267x+2.07220.99640.003125~0.1
天冬酰胺y=2034.2x+6.85180.99860.009375~0.3
苏氨酸y=4816.7x+1.62280.99990.003125~0.3
甲硫氨酸y=5954.8x−12.2190.99830.003125~0.3
异亮氨酸y=4634.9x+6.98450.99960.003125~0.3
赖氨酸y=32701x−63.38000.99890.003125~0.3
丙氨酸y=7932.3x+9.15970.99870.015625~0.5
缬氨酸y=5055.1x+0.48650.99840.009375~0.3
亮氨酸y=4941.8x+2.41710.99970.003125~0.3
酪氨酸y=3931.7x+3.49920.99860.009375~0.3
色氨酸y=2106.7x+9.01940.99820.015625~0.5
苯丙氨酸y=4100x+2.41060.99880.003125~0.3
丝氨酸y=4933.9x+1.06030.99890.003125~0.1
半胱氨酸y=6401.4x+4.77710.99920.003125~0.3
甘氨酸y=7359.8x−0.43070.99880.003125~0.3
组氨酸y=3310.9x−8.63750.99790.009375~0.3
胱氨酸y=1462.7x+2.89020.98550.003125~0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320889119711019471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

氨基酸标准品的线性关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸线性关系相关系数线性范围(mg/mL)
谷氨酸y=4407.2x+3.88790.99710.003125~0.1
谷氨酰胺y=2508.3x+29.34000.99380.009375~0.3
精氨酸y=5018.6x−12.65800.99440.003125~0.3
脯氨酸y=6929.8x+1.45960.99890.0125~0.4
天冬氨酸y=2267x+2.07220.99640.003125~0.1
天冬酰胺y=2034.2x+6.85180.99860.009375~0.3
苏氨酸y=4816.7x+1.62280.99990.003125~0.3
甲硫氨酸y=5954.8x−12.2190.99830.003125~0.3
异亮氨酸y=4634.9x+6.98450.99960.003125~0.3
赖氨酸y=32701x−63.38000.99890.003125~0.3
丙氨酸y=7932.3x+9.15970.99870.015625~0.5
缬氨酸y=5055.1x+0.48650.99840.009375~0.3
亮氨酸y=4941.8x+2.41710.99970.003125~0.3
酪氨酸y=3931.7x+3.49920.99860.009375~0.3
色氨酸y=2106.7x+9.01940.99820.015625~0.5
苯丙氨酸y=4100x+2.41060.99880.003125~0.3
丝氨酸y=4933.9x+1.06030.99890.003125~0.1
半胱氨酸y=6401.4x+4.77710.99920.003125~0.3
甘氨酸y=7359.8x−0.43070.99880.003125~0.3
组氨酸y=3310.9x−8.63750.99790.009375~0.3
胱氨酸y=1462.7x+2.89020.98550.003125~0.3
), ArticleFig(id=1320889119790711248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amino acid composition of early birch sap before and after fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸含量(μg/mL)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
甜味氨基酸
甘氨酸ND0.32±0.31cND2.89±0.56a0.98±0.23b0.52±0.05c0.40±0.02c0.35±0.09c1.39±0.36b1.19±0.18b
丙氨酸TR4.27±0.83bND4.67±0.40b6.37±0.08b9.48±3.44a8.71±0.22ab9.17±0.91a4.52±3.64b8.96±0.49ab
丝氨酸0.62±0.01bND0.35±0.30bND0.17±0.21bNDNDND22.62±3.30aND
苏氨酸NDNDND0.57±0.13aNDTR0.05±0.08c0.29±0.08b0.09±0.15c0.03±0.05c
脯氨酸0.98±0.04eND19.61±0.56c8.75±1.10d1.89±1.92e69.73±0.77ab5.52±0.04de63.61±0.45b68.43±11.90ab71.60±1.52a
甲硫氨酸3.55±0.40cd3.79±1.74c2.90±0.34cd6.49±0.00a5.74±0.05ab6.70±0.35a6.22±0.27ab2.59±0.01d5.25±1.18b4.01±0.03c
半胱氨酸15.55±1.08b14.99±0.84bTR0.72±0.07c6.03±0.55c0.96±1.10c4.87±1.40c23.90±2.37a22.61±13.10ab28.16±2.72a
鲜味氨基酸
谷氨酸ND5.26±5.41b3.90±1.12bNDND6.21±0.54bND6.19±0.91b11.57±1.59a6.11±1.35b
天冬氨酸15.55±1.08b14.99±0.84bTR0.72±0.07c6.03±0.55c0.96±1.10c4.87±1.40c23.90±2.37a22.61±13.10ab28.16±2.72a
苦味氨基酸
赖氨酸2.18±0.04bc2.10±0.02c2.28±0.20b2.11±0.18c2.20±0.03bc2.45±0.07a2.19±0.03bc2.22±0.08bc2.15±0.02bc2.15±0.02bc
精氨酸ND1.93±1.68bND3.02±0.08a3.18±0.01a3.78±0.15a3.26±0.07a3.34±0.21a3.36±0.09a3.17±0.03a
组氨酸28.91±0.16aND2.86±2.54bND2.10±1.83bND3.65±0.05b3.75±0.30b3.61±0.08b3.60±0.05b
亮氨酸ND96.71±3.69b8.56±0.29d101.26±3.77b106.81±0.37a91.17±4.86c107.09±1.35a102.43±2.35ab103.29±4.27ab105.38±0.52ab
异亮氨酸17.98±0.32b4.64±1.13d27.73±2.35aTR0.14±0.25dTR0.39±0.26d5.40±0.88d10.40±3.10c3.75±2.34d
缬氨酸ND2.69±2.67abND4.34±0.27a3.48±0.06ab3.52±0.19ab3.77±0.20ab1.77±0.31bc2.14±2.16b2.61±0.12ab
芳香氨基酸
酪氨酸ND3.35±0.02bcND4.13±0.04a3.05±0.91cND3.57±0.21b1.79±0.06dTRTR
色氨酸TRTRND0.79±0.97bTR4.47±1.92a0.28±0.39bTRNDTR
苯丙氨酸0.02±0.04b1.53±1.43a0.01±0.01b0.14±0.25b0.01±0.01b0.87±0.51abND0.51±0.01bTR0.38±0.04b
其它
谷氨酰胺NDTRND0.06±0.11bTR0.65±1.13b0.93±1.29b25.89±0.56aTRTR
天冬酰胺NDNDNDNDNDTRNDNDNDND
胱氨酸6.16±1.07bTR7.77±0.18a0.05±0.10dTRNDTR0.39±0.33cd0.33±0.57cd0.85±0.01c
总量78.28±2.93e141.46±4.14d148.17±16.09d140.01±0.89d142.14±5.42d204.55±10.56c150.81±4.45d260.01±1.48ab269.55±27.74a241.95±3.21b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889119908151761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

前期白桦树汁发酵前后氨基酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸含量(μg/mL)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
甜味氨基酸
甘氨酸ND0.32±0.31cND2.89±0.56a0.98±0.23b0.52±0.05c0.40±0.02c0.35±0.09c1.39±0.36b1.19±0.18b
丙氨酸TR4.27±0.83bND4.67±0.40b6.37±0.08b9.48±3.44a8.71±0.22ab9.17±0.91a4.52±3.64b8.96±0.49ab
丝氨酸0.62±0.01bND0.35±0.30bND0.17±0.21bNDNDND22.62±3.30aND
苏氨酸NDNDND0.57±0.13aNDTR0.05±0.08c0.29±0.08b0.09±0.15c0.03±0.05c
脯氨酸0.98±0.04eND19.61±0.56c8.75±1.10d1.89±1.92e69.73±0.77ab5.52±0.04de63.61±0.45b68.43±11.90ab71.60±1.52a
甲硫氨酸3.55±0.40cd3.79±1.74c2.90±0.34cd6.49±0.00a5.74±0.05ab6.70±0.35a6.22±0.27ab2.59±0.01d5.25±1.18b4.01±0.03c
半胱氨酸15.55±1.08b14.99±0.84bTR0.72±0.07c6.03±0.55c0.96±1.10c4.87±1.40c23.90±2.37a22.61±13.10ab28.16±2.72a
鲜味氨基酸
谷氨酸ND5.26±5.41b3.90±1.12bNDND6.21±0.54bND6.19±0.91b11.57±1.59a6.11±1.35b
天冬氨酸15.55±1.08b14.99±0.84bTR0.72±0.07c6.03±0.55c0.96±1.10c4.87±1.40c23.90±2.37a22.61±13.10ab28.16±2.72a
苦味氨基酸
赖氨酸2.18±0.04bc2.10±0.02c2.28±0.20b2.11±0.18c2.20±0.03bc2.45±0.07a2.19±0.03bc2.22±0.08bc2.15±0.02bc2.15±0.02bc
精氨酸ND1.93±1.68bND3.02±0.08a3.18±0.01a3.78±0.15a3.26±0.07a3.34±0.21a3.36±0.09a3.17±0.03a
组氨酸28.91±0.16aND2.86±2.54bND2.10±1.83bND3.65±0.05b3.75±0.30b3.61±0.08b3.60±0.05b
亮氨酸ND96.71±3.69b8.56±0.29d101.26±3.77b106.81±0.37a91.17±4.86c107.09±1.35a102.43±2.35ab103.29±4.27ab105.38±0.52ab
异亮氨酸17.98±0.32b4.64±1.13d27.73±2.35aTR0.14±0.25dTR0.39±0.26d5.40±0.88d10.40±3.10c3.75±2.34d
缬氨酸ND2.69±2.67abND4.34±0.27a3.48±0.06ab3.52±0.19ab3.77±0.20ab1.77±0.31bc2.14±2.16b2.61±0.12ab
芳香氨基酸
酪氨酸ND3.35±0.02bcND4.13±0.04a3.05±0.91cND3.57±0.21b1.79±0.06dTRTR
色氨酸TRTRND0.79±0.97bTR4.47±1.92a0.28±0.39bTRNDTR
苯丙氨酸0.02±0.04b1.53±1.43a0.01±0.01b0.14±0.25b0.01±0.01b0.87±0.51abND0.51±0.01bTR0.38±0.04b
其它
谷氨酰胺NDTRND0.06±0.11bTR0.65±1.13b0.93±1.29b25.89±0.56aTRTR
天冬酰胺NDNDNDNDNDTRNDNDNDND
胱氨酸6.16±1.07bTR7.77±0.18a0.05±0.10dTRNDTR0.39±0.33cd0.33±0.57cd0.85±0.01c
总量78.28±2.93e141.46±4.14d148.17±16.09d140.01±0.89d142.14±5.42d204.55±10.56c150.81±4.45d260.01±1.48ab269.55±27.74a241.95±3.21b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120000426450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amino acid composition of late birch sap before and after fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸含量(μg/mL)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
甜味氨基酸
甘氨酸0.65±0.15b0.33±0.07b0.90±0.08b0.49±0.04b2.59±2.26a1.05±0.13b0.66±0.09b0.65±0.64b1.39±1.38ab0.55±0.21b
丙氨酸NDNDTR0.05±0.05b1.20±1.24a0.21±0.36bTRTRTRTR
丝氨酸0.60±0.10bND0.54±0.49bND5.17±5.20a0.30±0.34bNDNDND0.42±0.46b
苏氨酸NDNDNDNDNDNDND0.13±0.21b1.67±0.67aND
脯氨酸98.04±3.34aNDNDNDND71.46±0.30bND89.09±1.84a67.51±22.09b72.72±1.02b
甲硫氨酸ND7.04±0.05ab7.29±0.35a7.32±0.02a7.11±0.59abND3.81±3.52b4.46±4.16ab5.91±2.93abND
半胱氨酸17.23±2.07b17.72±2.31b24.58±0.07a20.35±1.22b12.86±0.31c17.59±0.13b17.34±1.57b18.85±5.90b16.99±0.10b17.13±0.45b
鲜味氨基酸
谷氨酸NDTRNDNDNDTRNDNDNDTR
天冬氨酸0.10±0.16b0.53±0.73aNDNDNDNDTR0.66±0.10aNDND
苦味氨基酸
赖氨酸1.52±1.32a2.10±0.03a1.40±1.21a2.07±0.04a2.18±0.01aND1.39±1.21a1.36±1.18a2.08±0.00a2.27±0.19a
精氨酸2.41±2.12a2.04±1.78a3.03±0.05aND2.63±2.33aNDND1.88±1.63aNDND
组氨酸NDNDNDND3.44±3.10aNDNDND3.00±0.04aND
亮氨酸105.15±3.87a106.57±0.64ab100.79±1.22bc99.82±0.37c101.56±3.17bc105.39±0.54ab105.76±1.56ab103.20±0.45b86.38±2.25d106.48±1.11a
异亮氨酸5.52±3.08b7.36±2.60ab10.92±0.99a6.05±0.53b5.01±2.76b7.14±2.52ab7.61±1.81ab6.20±3.72bND5.25±2.03b
缬氨酸ND1.71±1.73c2.60±0.03bc3.27±0.38b4.76±0.55a3.05±0.38bc1.70±1.71cND0.25±0.23d2.67±0.79bc
芳香氨基酸
酪氨酸0.19±0.11b0.68±0.77bND1.36±1.53b1.76±0.58b11.55±11.65aNDND0.84±0.95bND
色氨酸ND3.33±4.14d21.79±1.38a12.23±0.13b7.97±1.95cND4.35±5.21cdTRTRTR
苯丙氨酸1.44±1.55a0.06±0.06bTRND0.59±0.41abTR0.02±0.03bTR0.03±0.05b0.06±0.10b
其它
谷氨酰胺TRTRNDNDNDTRNDNDTRTR
天冬酰胺NDTRNDNDNDNDNDNDTRND
胱氨酸ND0.18±0.31aTRTRTRNDTRTR0.27±0.33aTR
总量232.30±10.02a149.63±1.66d173.85±0.65cd153.03±1.51d158.83±23.10d217.73±8.82ab142.64±6.51d226.48±2.45ab186.32±27.64c207.54±2.71b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120071729619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

后期白桦树汁发酵前后氨基酸组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸种类氨基酸含量(μg/mL)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
甜味氨基酸
甘氨酸0.65±0.15b0.33±0.07b0.90±0.08b0.49±0.04b2.59±2.26a1.05±0.13b0.66±0.09b0.65±0.64b1.39±1.38ab0.55±0.21b
丙氨酸NDNDTR0.05±0.05b1.20±1.24a0.21±0.36bTRTRTRTR
丝氨酸0.60±0.10bND0.54±0.49bND5.17±5.20a0.30±0.34bNDNDND0.42±0.46b
苏氨酸NDNDNDNDNDNDND0.13±0.21b1.67±0.67aND
脯氨酸98.04±3.34aNDNDNDND71.46±0.30bND89.09±1.84a67.51±22.09b72.72±1.02b
甲硫氨酸ND7.04±0.05ab7.29±0.35a7.32±0.02a7.11±0.59abND3.81±3.52b4.46±4.16ab5.91±2.93abND
半胱氨酸17.23±2.07b17.72±2.31b24.58±0.07a20.35±1.22b12.86±0.31c17.59±0.13b17.34±1.57b18.85±5.90b16.99±0.10b17.13±0.45b
鲜味氨基酸
谷氨酸NDTRNDNDNDTRNDNDNDTR
天冬氨酸0.10±0.16b0.53±0.73aNDNDNDNDTR0.66±0.10aNDND
苦味氨基酸
赖氨酸1.52±1.32a2.10±0.03a1.40±1.21a2.07±0.04a2.18±0.01aND1.39±1.21a1.36±1.18a2.08±0.00a2.27±0.19a
精氨酸2.41±2.12a2.04±1.78a3.03±0.05aND2.63±2.33aNDND1.88±1.63aNDND
组氨酸NDNDNDND3.44±3.10aNDNDND3.00±0.04aND
亮氨酸105.15±3.87a106.57±0.64ab100.79±1.22bc99.82±0.37c101.56±3.17bc105.39±0.54ab105.76±1.56ab103.20±0.45b86.38±2.25d106.48±1.11a
异亮氨酸5.52±3.08b7.36±2.60ab10.92±0.99a6.05±0.53b5.01±2.76b7.14±2.52ab7.61±1.81ab6.20±3.72bND5.25±2.03b
缬氨酸ND1.71±1.73c2.60±0.03bc3.27±0.38b4.76±0.55a3.05±0.38bc1.70±1.71cND0.25±0.23d2.67±0.79bc
芳香氨基酸
酪氨酸0.19±0.11b0.68±0.77bND1.36±1.53b1.76±0.58b11.55±11.65aNDND0.84±0.95bND
色氨酸ND3.33±4.14d21.79±1.38a12.23±0.13b7.97±1.95cND4.35±5.21cdTRTRTR
苯丙氨酸1.44±1.55a0.06±0.06bTRND0.59±0.41abTR0.02±0.03bTR0.03±0.05b0.06±0.10b
其它
谷氨酰胺TRTRNDNDNDTRNDNDTRTR
天冬酰胺NDTRNDNDNDNDNDNDTRND
胱氨酸ND0.18±0.31aTRTRTRNDTRTR0.27±0.33aTR
总量232.30±10.02a149.63±1.66d173.85±0.65cd153.03±1.51d158.83±23.10d217.73±8.82ab142.64±6.51d226.48±2.45ab186.32±27.64c207.54±2.71b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120180781524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Composition of volatile compounds in birch sap before and after fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别中文名称英文名称CAS号RI值定性方式定量离子
碎片
香气描述阈值(μg/L)
醇类
O11-甲氧基-2-丙醇2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-107-98-21135MS, RI45甜香,果香4
O2正丁醇1-Butanol71-36-31143MS, RI56酒精味50000
O32-甲基丁醇1-Butanol, 2-methyl-137-32-61195MS, RI41果香,麦芽香4150
O42-丁烯醇2-Buten-1-ol6117-91-51207MS, RI57−−
O5正戊醇1-Pentanol71-41-01239MS, RI42香脂2540
O63-甲基-1-戊醇1-Pentanol, 3-methyl-589-35-51313MS, RI56果香味,微微酒精味830
O7正己醇1-Hexanol111-27-31340MS, RI56青草香1600
O82-乙基己醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-104-76-71480MS, RI57柑橘香300
O9正辛醇1-Octanol111-87-51548MS, RI56果香,玫瑰香100
O102,3-丁二醇2,3-Butanediol513-85-91566MS, RI45甜香,黄油香100000
O11正壬醇1-Nonanol143-08-81652MS, RI56花香1000
O12正癸醇1-Decanol112-30-11811MS, RI55果香,蜡纸,微微花香47
O13十二醇1-Dodecanol112-53-81967MS, RI55花香73
醛类
AL12-丁烯醛2-Butenal, (E)-123-73-91057MS, RI41药草香,果香525
AL2己醛Hexanal66-25-11097MS, RI44草味,油脂味3
AL3壬醛Nonanal124-19-61391MS, RI57花香,柑橘香1
AL4癸醛Decanal112-31-21500MS, RI57柑橘香3
AL5苯甲醛Benzaldehyde100-52-71534MS, RI77坚果味3500
酮类
K12-戊酮2-Pentanone107-87-9984MS, RI43果香1380
K2甲基异丁基甲酮4-Methyl-2-pentanone108-10-11018MS, RI43花香,甜香700
K33-戊烯-2-酮3-Penten-2-one625-33-21139MS, RI69−1200
K42-庚酮2-Heptanone110-43-01185MS, RI43果香,甜香300
K53-羟基-2-丁酮Acetoin513-86-01284MS, RI45奶油香140
K63-甲基环己酮Cyclohexanone, 3-methyl-591-24-21334MS, RI69果香,微微花香460
K7甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-110-93-01335MS, RI43胡椒味50
K82-羟基-3-戊酮2-Hydroxy-3-pentanone5704-20-11359MS, RI45果香250
K92-壬酮2-Nonanone821-55-61385MS, RI58热牛奶味,肥皂味5
K10甲基壬基甲酮2-Undecanone112-12-91595MS, RI58−7
K112-十三烷酮2-Tridecanone593-08-81848MS, RI58油脂味,变质的−
K126,10-二甲基-5,9-十一双烯-2-酮5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl-689-67-81878MS, RI43−−
K132-十五烷酮2-Pentadecanone2345-28-02029MS, RI58−−
酸类
AC1乙酸Acetic acid64-19-71440MS, RI43酸的,醋味25590
AC2己酸Hexanoic acid142-62-11867MS, RI60奶酪味1800
AC32-甲基-3-羟基丙酸Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl ester74367-34-31885MS, RI71−−
AC4辛酸Octanoic acid124-07-22060MS, RI60酸味910
AC5壬酸Nonanoic acid112-05-02191MS, RI60脂肪香208
AC6正癸酸n-Decanoic acid334-48-52289MS, RI60酸臭1000
酯类
E1乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate141-78-6891MS, RI44菠萝香,甜香3280
E2乙酸正丙酯n-Propyl acetate109-60-4979MS, RI43果香150000
E3乙酸丁酯Acetic acid, butyl ester123-86-41083MS, RI43香蕉味27
E4丙烯酸丁酯2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester141-32-21178MS, RI55−2
E5辛酸乙酯Octanoic acid, ethyl ester106-32-11429MS, RI88菠萝香,果香5
其他
12-戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl3777-69-31229MS, RI81蔬菜香6
2薄荷醇L-Menthol2216-51-51638MS, RI81薄荷香950
3苯酚Phenol108-95-22015MS, RI94药草香5000
42,4-二叔丁基酚Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-96-76-42318MS, RI191苯酚气味28.4
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120281444821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

白桦树汁发酵前后挥发性化合物组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别中文名称英文名称CAS号RI值定性方式定量离子
碎片
香气描述阈值(μg/L)
醇类
O11-甲氧基-2-丙醇2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-107-98-21135MS, RI45甜香,果香4
O2正丁醇1-Butanol71-36-31143MS, RI56酒精味50000
O32-甲基丁醇1-Butanol, 2-methyl-137-32-61195MS, RI41果香,麦芽香4150
O42-丁烯醇2-Buten-1-ol6117-91-51207MS, RI57−−
O5正戊醇1-Pentanol71-41-01239MS, RI42香脂2540
O63-甲基-1-戊醇1-Pentanol, 3-methyl-589-35-51313MS, RI56果香味,微微酒精味830
O7正己醇1-Hexanol111-27-31340MS, RI56青草香1600
O82-乙基己醇1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-104-76-71480MS, RI57柑橘香300
O9正辛醇1-Octanol111-87-51548MS, RI56果香,玫瑰香100
O102,3-丁二醇2,3-Butanediol513-85-91566MS, RI45甜香,黄油香100000
O11正壬醇1-Nonanol143-08-81652MS, RI56花香1000
O12正癸醇1-Decanol112-30-11811MS, RI55果香,蜡纸,微微花香47
O13十二醇1-Dodecanol112-53-81967MS, RI55花香73
醛类
AL12-丁烯醛2-Butenal, (E)-123-73-91057MS, RI41药草香,果香525
AL2己醛Hexanal66-25-11097MS, RI44草味,油脂味3
AL3壬醛Nonanal124-19-61391MS, RI57花香,柑橘香1
AL4癸醛Decanal112-31-21500MS, RI57柑橘香3
AL5苯甲醛Benzaldehyde100-52-71534MS, RI77坚果味3500
酮类
K12-戊酮2-Pentanone107-87-9984MS, RI43果香1380
K2甲基异丁基甲酮4-Methyl-2-pentanone108-10-11018MS, RI43花香,甜香700
K33-戊烯-2-酮3-Penten-2-one625-33-21139MS, RI69−1200
K42-庚酮2-Heptanone110-43-01185MS, RI43果香,甜香300
K53-羟基-2-丁酮Acetoin513-86-01284MS, RI45奶油香140
K63-甲基环己酮Cyclohexanone, 3-methyl-591-24-21334MS, RI69果香,微微花香460
K7甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl-110-93-01335MS, RI43胡椒味50
K82-羟基-3-戊酮2-Hydroxy-3-pentanone5704-20-11359MS, RI45果香250
K92-壬酮2-Nonanone821-55-61385MS, RI58热牛奶味,肥皂味5
K10甲基壬基甲酮2-Undecanone112-12-91595MS, RI58−7
K112-十三烷酮2-Tridecanone593-08-81848MS, RI58油脂味,变质的−
K126,10-二甲基-5,9-十一双烯-2-酮5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl-689-67-81878MS, RI43−−
K132-十五烷酮2-Pentadecanone2345-28-02029MS, RI58−−
酸类
AC1乙酸Acetic acid64-19-71440MS, RI43酸的,醋味25590
AC2己酸Hexanoic acid142-62-11867MS, RI60奶酪味1800
AC32-甲基-3-羟基丙酸Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl ester74367-34-31885MS, RI71−−
AC4辛酸Octanoic acid124-07-22060MS, RI60酸味910
AC5壬酸Nonanoic acid112-05-02191MS, RI60脂肪香208
AC6正癸酸n-Decanoic acid334-48-52289MS, RI60酸臭1000
酯类
E1乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate141-78-6891MS, RI44菠萝香,甜香3280
E2乙酸正丙酯n-Propyl acetate109-60-4979MS, RI43果香150000
E3乙酸丁酯Acetic acid, butyl ester123-86-41083MS, RI43香蕉味27
E4丙烯酸丁酯2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester141-32-21178MS, RI55−2
E5辛酸乙酯Octanoic acid, ethyl ester106-32-11429MS, RI88菠萝香,果香5
其他
12-戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl3777-69-31229MS, RI81蔬菜香6
2薄荷醇L-Menthol2216-51-51638MS, RI81薄荷香950
3苯酚Phenol108-95-22015MS, RI94药草香5000
42,4-二叔丁基酚Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-96-76-42318MS, RI191苯酚气味28.4
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120373719510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Content of volatile compounds in early birch sap before and after fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类化合物含量(mg/L)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
醇类
O10.55±0.53bND1.05±0.10bND8.10±4.40ab3.95±2.73b7.35±2.28ab8.95±3.64a1.45±0.47b11.25±7.19a
O20.40±0.28c0.35±0.30c2.85±0.41a1.00±0.23b0.85±0.38b0.60±0.00bc0.60±0.00bc0.75±0.34bc0.65±0.19bc0.85±0.50b
O3ND0.40±0.16c2.50±0.58bc13.15±6.18a1.85±0.30c5.30±0.26b0.50±0.20c0.45±0.10c1.80±1.28c0.20±0.00c
O40.15±0.10bND5.40±3.24a0.25±0.10b0.25±0.10b0.20±0.00b0.40±0.00b0.45±0.10bND0.20±0.00b
O5NDND0.40±0.23b0.90±0.35a0.45±0.10b0.45±0.19b0.20±0.00b0.60±0.54ab0.60±0.37ab0.35±0.30b
O6NDND0.60±0.00ab0.70±0.12ab0.55±0.19ab0.30±0.12bNDND0.95±0.87aND
O70.50±0.35c0.50±0.20c1.70±0.26a1.30±0.12ab1.20±0.67b1.00±0.37b0.95±0.10bc1.10±0.38b0.50±0.12c0.75±0.44bc
O88.45±1.42c11.40±10.21c10.05±1.71c33.05±2.33a28.35±6.17ab25.35±6.05b26.50±3.85ab25.40±4.04b24.80±3.17b28.70±2.09ab
O90.40±0.23b0.25±0.19b0.75±0.30a0.65±0.19ab0.75±0.19a0.75±0.10a0.60±0.00ab0.55±0.10ab0.45±0.10b0.55±0.34ab
O100.20±0.16cND125.00±69.51b197.25±16.87a80.05±21.78bc47.80±29.87c0.55±0.30c3.30±1.47c6.05±1.95cND
O11ND0.15±0.10d0.65±0.19b0.40±0.00c0.85±0.10a0.75±0.10ab0.80±0.16ab0.40±0.16c0.40±0.23c0.20±0.00d
O12NDND0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.15±0.10ab0.10±0.12bND
O130.25±0.10b0.15±0.10b0.20±0.00b0.35±0.10ab0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.00a0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.16a0.40±0.00a0.25±0.10b
醛类
AL126.30±1.50a0.15±0.10c7.90±1.47b0.40±0.00cNDNDNDNDNDND
AL20.75±0.41ab0.50±0.35b0.75±0.72ab0.90±0.35ab0.95±0.25ab0.95±0.34ab0.90±0.20ab1.05±0.30a0.55±0.19ab0.55±0.10ab
AL30.20±0.00c0.60±0.28bc0.80±0.33b0.65±0.19bc1.30±0.26a1.00±0.28ab1.10±0.48ab0.75±0.10b1.05±0.38ab0.90±0.53ab
AL4NDND0.15±0.10b0.20±0.00ab0.25±0.10ab0.30±0.12ab0.25±0.10ab0.30±0.20ab0.35±0.19a0.30±0.20ab
AL50.10±0.12a0.15±0.10a0.10±0.12a0.45±0.19a0.30±0.20a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.45±0.38a0.10±0.12a0.55±0.84a
酮类
K113.00±0.00bND34.90±6.36aNDNDNDNDNDNDND
K24.65±1.00b3.30±1.59c7.00±0.59a6.05±0.19ab3.15±0.98c4.65±0.25b4.00±0.28bc3.00±0.91c5.05±0.19b4.00±0.95bc
K32.05±0.66b0.60±0.46c9.90±0.62a0.80±0.00c0.60±0.28cND0.55±0.10c0.55±0.10c0.60±0.16c0.80±0.16c
K4ND1.15±1.10c7.95±2.90a0.35±0.10c4.00±2.73b3.65±0.44b0.75±0.10c0.45±0.10c0.55±0.10c0.90±0.26c
K5ND2.60±3.01d65.75±11.62bc127.25±17.78a55.60±6.44c63.90±4.69bc1.05±0.10d12.50±4.18d84.95±32.54b19.45±13.92d
K6NDND0.70±0.35aNDNDNDNDNDNDND
K7ND0.35±0.10cND0.60±0.00b0.60±0.00b0.50±0.12bc0.40±0.00c0.80±0.37a0.45±0.10bc0.50±0.12bc
K8NDND0.30±0.35c1.05±0.10a0.35±0.10bc0.30±0.12cNDND0.50±0.12bND
K9ND0.40±0.46c4.05±1.05aND1.15±0.30b1.65±0.38b0.20±0.00cND0.25±0.10c0.25±0.10c
K10NDND1.80±0.37aND0.60±0.16b0.60±0.28bNDNDNDND
K11NDND0.70±0.12aND0.45±0.10b0.20±0.16cNDNDNDND
K120.20±0.00c0.15±0.10c0.20±0.00c0.2±0.00c0.45±0.10ab0.55±0.19a0.25±0.10c0.30±0.12bc0.40±0.00b0.35±0.10bc
K13NDND0.15±0.10bND0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00aNDNDNDND
酸类
AC15.05±2.66c1.35±1.23c62.75±12.31a18.45±10.48bc32.60±28.78b31.40±4.40b66.70±2.67a62.45±6.58a31.20±0.85b2.85±0.34c
AC2ND0.35±0.41c1.65±0.38ab0.35±0.19c2.05±1.31a1.75±0.34ab0.80±0.00bc1.20±0.16b0.75±0.19bc0.95±0.25bc
AC30.25±0.10ab0.15±0.10b0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.28a0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00b0.30±0.12ab0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b
AC4ND0.20±0.16c1.40±0.59a0.50±0.12bc0.50±0.20bc0.55±0.10b0.25±0.10bc0.35±0.10bc0.20±0.00c0.20±0.00c
AC5ND0.40±0.46c0.95±0.55b0.95±0.44b1.15±0.34ab1.20±0.16ab1.45±0.38a1.40±0.28ab0.45±0.10c0.60±0.16bc
AC6NDND0.35±0.19aND0.25±0.10ab0.30±0.12ab0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00bNDND
酯类
E14.60±0.8ab1.85±1.39b5.30±1.16ab6.10±1.61a4.10±1.16ab2.70±1.81b5.55±3.64a3.75±0.64ab5.35±1.28ab3.10±0.35b
E227.85±2.25cd11.10±11.83d103.40±29.77b46.40±1.21c10.50±1.71d25.80±4.17cd14.55±2.02d26.90±7.14cd28.50±12.91cd139.50±32.76a
E33.25±0.44b1.50±1.10c7.35±2.68a1.20±0.16c2.00±0.59bc1.40±0.49c1.25±0.25c1.30±0.26c1.65±0.34c2.05±1.04bc
E4ND0.15±0.10bNDND0.45±0.19ab0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.45±0.25ab0.55±0.25a0.30±0.12b
E5NDND0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00bNDNDND0.30±0.12aND
其他
1NDND0.15±0.10bNDNDND0.15±0.10b0.60±0.54aNDND
2NDNDNDND0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a
3NDND0.20±0.00ab0.20±0.00ab0.25±0.10a0.20±0.00abND0.20±0.00ab0.15±0.10b0.20±0.00ab
41.80±0.77ab1.25±0.53b2.00±0.57a1.65±0.19ab1.40±0.33ab1.85±0.44ab1.15±0.34b1.30±0.53b1.50±0.26ab1.35±0.10b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120478577111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

前期白桦树汁发酵前后挥发性化合物含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类化合物含量(mg/L)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
醇类
O10.55±0.53bND1.05±0.10bND8.10±4.40ab3.95±2.73b7.35±2.28ab8.95±3.64a1.45±0.47b11.25±7.19a
O20.40±0.28c0.35±0.30c2.85±0.41a1.00±0.23b0.85±0.38b0.60±0.00bc0.60±0.00bc0.75±0.34bc0.65±0.19bc0.85±0.50b
O3ND0.40±0.16c2.50±0.58bc13.15±6.18a1.85±0.30c5.30±0.26b0.50±0.20c0.45±0.10c1.80±1.28c0.20±0.00c
O40.15±0.10bND5.40±3.24a0.25±0.10b0.25±0.10b0.20±0.00b0.40±0.00b0.45±0.10bND0.20±0.00b
O5NDND0.40±0.23b0.90±0.35a0.45±0.10b0.45±0.19b0.20±0.00b0.60±0.54ab0.60±0.37ab0.35±0.30b
O6NDND0.60±0.00ab0.70±0.12ab0.55±0.19ab0.30±0.12bNDND0.95±0.87aND
O70.50±0.35c0.50±0.20c1.70±0.26a1.30±0.12ab1.20±0.67b1.00±0.37b0.95±0.10bc1.10±0.38b0.50±0.12c0.75±0.44bc
O88.45±1.42c11.40±10.21c10.05±1.71c33.05±2.33a28.35±6.17ab25.35±6.05b26.50±3.85ab25.40±4.04b24.80±3.17b28.70±2.09ab
O90.40±0.23b0.25±0.19b0.75±0.30a0.65±0.19ab0.75±0.19a0.75±0.10a0.60±0.00ab0.55±0.10ab0.45±0.10b0.55±0.34ab
O100.20±0.16cND125.00±69.51b197.25±16.87a80.05±21.78bc47.80±29.87c0.55±0.30c3.30±1.47c6.05±1.95cND
O11ND0.15±0.10d0.65±0.19b0.40±0.00c0.85±0.10a0.75±0.10ab0.80±0.16ab0.40±0.16c0.40±0.23c0.20±0.00d
O12NDND0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.15±0.10ab0.10±0.12bND
O130.25±0.10b0.15±0.10b0.20±0.00b0.35±0.10ab0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.00a0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.16a0.40±0.00a0.25±0.10b
醛类
AL126.30±1.50a0.15±0.10c7.90±1.47b0.40±0.00cNDNDNDNDNDND
AL20.75±0.41ab0.50±0.35b0.75±0.72ab0.90±0.35ab0.95±0.25ab0.95±0.34ab0.90±0.20ab1.05±0.30a0.55±0.19ab0.55±0.10ab
AL30.20±0.00c0.60±0.28bc0.80±0.33b0.65±0.19bc1.30±0.26a1.00±0.28ab1.10±0.48ab0.75±0.10b1.05±0.38ab0.90±0.53ab
AL4NDND0.15±0.10b0.20±0.00ab0.25±0.10ab0.30±0.12ab0.25±0.10ab0.30±0.20ab0.35±0.19a0.30±0.20ab
AL50.10±0.12a0.15±0.10a0.10±0.12a0.45±0.19a0.30±0.20a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.45±0.38a0.10±0.12a0.55±0.84a
酮类
K113.00±0.00bND34.90±6.36aNDNDNDNDNDNDND
K24.65±1.00b3.30±1.59c7.00±0.59a6.05±0.19ab3.15±0.98c4.65±0.25b4.00±0.28bc3.00±0.91c5.05±0.19b4.00±0.95bc
K32.05±0.66b0.60±0.46c9.90±0.62a0.80±0.00c0.60±0.28cND0.55±0.10c0.55±0.10c0.60±0.16c0.80±0.16c
K4ND1.15±1.10c7.95±2.90a0.35±0.10c4.00±2.73b3.65±0.44b0.75±0.10c0.45±0.10c0.55±0.10c0.90±0.26c
K5ND2.60±3.01d65.75±11.62bc127.25±17.78a55.60±6.44c63.90±4.69bc1.05±0.10d12.50±4.18d84.95±32.54b19.45±13.92d
K6NDND0.70±0.35aNDNDNDNDNDNDND
K7ND0.35±0.10cND0.60±0.00b0.60±0.00b0.50±0.12bc0.40±0.00c0.80±0.37a0.45±0.10bc0.50±0.12bc
K8NDND0.30±0.35c1.05±0.10a0.35±0.10bc0.30±0.12cNDND0.50±0.12bND
K9ND0.40±0.46c4.05±1.05aND1.15±0.30b1.65±0.38b0.20±0.00cND0.25±0.10c0.25±0.10c
K10NDND1.80±0.37aND0.60±0.16b0.60±0.28bNDNDNDND
K11NDND0.70±0.12aND0.45±0.10b0.20±0.16cNDNDNDND
K120.20±0.00c0.15±0.10c0.20±0.00c0.2±0.00c0.45±0.10ab0.55±0.19a0.25±0.10c0.30±0.12bc0.40±0.00b0.35±0.10bc
K13NDND0.15±0.10bND0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00aNDNDNDND
酸类
AC15.05±2.66c1.35±1.23c62.75±12.31a18.45±10.48bc32.60±28.78b31.40±4.40b66.70±2.67a62.45±6.58a31.20±0.85b2.85±0.34c
AC2ND0.35±0.41c1.65±0.38ab0.35±0.19c2.05±1.31a1.75±0.34ab0.80±0.00bc1.20±0.16b0.75±0.19bc0.95±0.25bc
AC30.25±0.10ab0.15±0.10b0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.28a0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00b0.30±0.12ab0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b
AC4ND0.20±0.16c1.40±0.59a0.50±0.12bc0.50±0.20bc0.55±0.10b0.25±0.10bc0.35±0.10bc0.20±0.00c0.20±0.00c
AC5ND0.40±0.46c0.95±0.55b0.95±0.44b1.15±0.34ab1.20±0.16ab1.45±0.38a1.40±0.28ab0.45±0.10c0.60±0.16bc
AC6NDND0.35±0.19aND0.25±0.10ab0.30±0.12ab0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00bNDND
酯类
E14.60±0.8ab1.85±1.39b5.30±1.16ab6.10±1.61a4.10±1.16ab2.70±1.81b5.55±3.64a3.75±0.64ab5.35±1.28ab3.10±0.35b
E227.85±2.25cd11.10±11.83d103.40±29.77b46.40±1.21c10.50±1.71d25.80±4.17cd14.55±2.02d26.90±7.14cd28.50±12.91cd139.50±32.76a
E33.25±0.44b1.50±1.10c7.35±2.68a1.20±0.16c2.00±0.59bc1.40±0.49c1.25±0.25c1.30±0.26c1.65±0.34c2.05±1.04bc
E4ND0.15±0.10bNDND0.45±0.19ab0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.45±0.25ab0.55±0.25a0.30±0.12b
E5NDND0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00bNDNDND0.30±0.12aND
其他
1NDND0.15±0.10bNDNDND0.15±0.10b0.60±0.54aNDND
2NDNDNDND0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a0.20±0.00a
3NDND0.20±0.00ab0.20±0.00ab0.25±0.10a0.20±0.00abND0.20±0.00ab0.15±0.10b0.20±0.00ab
41.80±0.77ab1.25±0.53b2.00±0.57a1.65±0.19ab1.40±0.33ab1.85±0.44ab1.15±0.34b1.30±0.53b1.50±0.26ab1.35±0.10b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120570851800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Content of volatile compounds in late birch sap before and after fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类化合物含量(mg/L)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
醇类
O20.20±0.23b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.30±0.20b0.25±0.10b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10b0.40±0.00ab0.65±0.66a
O3ND2.45±0.10b0.80±0.00dND1.40±0.33cdND1.50±0.58c0.90±0.12d3.95±0.25a0.70±1.00d
O4NDND0.40±0.00a0.20±0.00cND0.25±0.10bc0.30±0.12bNDNDND
O70.10±0.12d0.40±0.00b0.40±0.00b0.50±0.20abND0.45±0.10ab0.55±0.10a0.25±0.10c0.40±0.00b0.40±0.00b
O82.95±0.82b3.65±0.25b5.30±0.53b3.30±0.26b3.75±0.75b4.25±0.66b4.05±1.11b2.15±0.19b4.95±0.44b15.80±14.27a
O90.20±0.00b0.40±0.00ab0.40±0.00ab0.50±0.12ab0.35±0.10b0.55±0.10a0.40±0.00ab0.20±0.00b0.40±0.16ab0.55±0.30a
O10ND0.55±0.38bc5.35±2.25a2.15±0.68bc1.00±0.86bc2.65±0.72b5.45±3.87a0.75±0.44bc0.45±0.10c0.30±0.20c
O110.15±0.10b0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.00a0.30±0.12ab0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.00a0.35±0.10ab0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10b0.25±0.10b
O130.40±0.23a0.45±0.10a0.45±0.10a0.40±0.00a0.40±0.16a0.40±0.00a0.40±0.16a0.45±0.10a0.35±0.30a0.35±0.19a
醛类
AL10.80±0.69aND0.20±0.00bNDNDND0.20±0.00bNDNDND
AL20.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.45±0.25aND0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00b0.40±0.28ab0.45±0.10a0.25±0.19ab
AL30.20±0.00bc0.15±0.10c0.20±0.00bc0.50±0.12a0.20±0.00bc0.25±0.10b0.20±0.00bc0.20±0.00bc0.20±0.00bc0.25±0.10b
酮类
K1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
K26.85±0.66ab7.15±0.72ab6.35±0.44b8.30±1.31a5.80±0.23b7.00±0.99ab6.55±0.19b7.70±1.05ab6.30±0.12b5.35±2.40b
K3ND0.35±0.10b0.80±0.00a0.55±0.10ab0.35±0.30b0.75±0.19a0.60±0.23ab0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.55±0.41ab
K4ND0.20±0.00c0.25±0.10c0.45±0.19bc0.55±0.19bc1.15±0.53a0.20±0.00c0.65±0.10b0.45±0.10bc0.40±0.28bc
K5ND7.95±2.14c17.90±4.74ab21.40±9.90a10.15±1.84bc14.20±4.19b9.80±5.66bc7.40±0.71c6.45±1.18c6.65±0.81c
K9NDNDNDND0.20±0.00bNDNDND0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10a
K120.20±0.00b0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.16a0.40±0.16a0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.25±0.10ab0.35±0.10ab0.35±0.10ab
酸类
AC10.95±0.34d16.05±1.26bc32.15±6.41a21.15±7.25bc9.25±2.29c24.95±5.44ab22.15±9.31b7.20±0.91cd14.25±2.41c7.30±5.28cd
AC20.30±0.35c2.05±0.30a1.60±0.16ab0.85±0.25bc1.35±0.84b1.15±0.19b0.95±0.19b0.95±0.19bND1.35±0.70b
AC30.35±0.19ab0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.16ab0.15±0.10b0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.00ab0.45±0.19a0.25±0.10b
AC4ND0.75±0.10a0.50±0.12b0.30±0.12b0.45±0.19b0.35±0.19b0.35±0.10b0.45±0.19b0.30±0.20b0.40±0.28b
AC50.25±0.10c1.50±0.12bc2.70±0.81a1.25±0.60bc1.05±0.60bc1.75±0.53b2.35±0.66ab2.55±0.38a0.35±0.10c0.80±0.54c
AC6ND0.20±0.00ab0.25±0.10ab0.15±0.10b0.15±0.10b0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00ab0.30±0.12aNDND
酯类
E11.90±1.41b0.75±0.10b3.30±0.81a1.40±0.23b1.20±0.28b2.50±0.82ab2.40±0.82ab0.70±0.12b1.70±0.87b2.15±1.68ab
E21.70±0.12b11.25±0.41b18.70±2.96b22.70±4.02b14.20±2.96b21.05±1.18b13.90±7.65b12.05±0.55b17.15±1.25b59.30±49.43a
E30.50±0.12c0.80±0.16c2.85±1.06a2.45±1.00ab1.00±0.16bc2.30±0.58ab1.70±0.48bc1.25±0.10bc1.10±0.26bc1.75±1.11b
E5ND0.30±0.12aNDND0.35±0.19a0.10±0.12bND0.10±0.12bNDND
其他
41.40±0.16b1.25±0.25b0.70±0.12b0.60±0.00b1.35±0.41b0.80±0.16b0.80±0.16b0.75±0.10b6.30±7.81a1.35±0.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889120650543577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889105387471207, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

后期白桦树汁发酵前后挥发性化合物含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类化合物含量(mg/L)
UFJNFJBB16C10B4LB64MKS2MKS1CI25CI72
醇类
O20.20±0.23b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.30±0.20b0.25±0.10b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10b0.40±0.00ab0.65±0.66a
O3ND2.45±0.10b0.80±0.00dND1.40±0.33cdND1.50±0.58c0.90±0.12d3.95±0.25a0.70±1.00d
O4NDND0.40±0.00a0.20±0.00cND0.25±0.10bc0.30±0.12bNDNDND
O70.10±0.12d0.40±0.00b0.40±0.00b0.50±0.20abND0.45±0.10ab0.55±0.10a0.25±0.10c0.40±0.00b0.40±0.00b
O82.95±0.82b3.65±0.25b5.30±0.53b3.30±0.26b3.75±0.75b4.25±0.66b4.05±1.11b2.15±0.19b4.95±0.44b15.80±14.27a
O90.20±0.00b0.40±0.00ab0.40±0.00ab0.50±0.12ab0.35±0.10b0.55±0.10a0.40±0.00ab0.20±0.00b0.40±0.16ab0.55±0.30a
O10ND0.55±0.38bc5.35±2.25a2.15±0.68bc1.00±0.86bc2.65±0.72b5.45±3.87a0.75±0.44bc0.45±0.10c0.30±0.20c
O110.15±0.10b0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.00a0.30±0.12ab0.35±0.10ab0.40±0.00a0.35±0.10ab0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10b0.25±0.10b
O130.40±0.23a0.45±0.10a0.45±0.10a0.40±0.00a0.40±0.16a0.40±0.00a0.40±0.16a0.45±0.10a0.35±0.30a0.35±0.19a
醛类
AL10.80±0.69aND0.20±0.00bNDNDND0.20±0.00bNDNDND
AL20.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.45±0.25aND0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00b0.40±0.28ab0.45±0.10a0.25±0.19ab
AL30.20±0.00bc0.15±0.10c0.20±0.00bc0.50±0.12a0.20±0.00bc0.25±0.10b0.20±0.00bc0.20±0.00bc0.20±0.00bc0.25±0.10b
酮类
K1NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND
K26.85±0.66ab7.15±0.72ab6.35±0.44b8.30±1.31a5.80±0.23b7.00±0.99ab6.55±0.19b7.70±1.05ab6.30±0.12b5.35±2.40b
K3ND0.35±0.10b0.80±0.00a0.55±0.10ab0.35±0.30b0.75±0.19a0.60±0.23ab0.20±0.00b0.20±0.00b0.55±0.41ab
K4ND0.20±0.00c0.25±0.10c0.45±0.19bc0.55±0.19bc1.15±0.53a0.20±0.00c0.65±0.10b0.45±0.10bc0.40±0.28bc
K5ND7.95±2.14c17.90±4.74ab21.40±9.90a10.15±1.84bc14.20±4.19b9.80±5.66bc7.40±0.71c6.45±1.18c6.65±0.81c
K9NDNDNDND0.20±0.00bNDNDND0.20±0.00b0.25±0.10a
K120.20±0.00b0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.16a0.40±0.16a0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.25±0.10ab0.35±0.10ab0.35±0.10ab
酸类
AC10.95±0.34d16.05±1.26bc32.15±6.41a21.15±7.25bc9.25±2.29c24.95±5.44ab22.15±9.31b7.20±0.91cd14.25±2.41c7.30±5.28cd
AC20.30±0.35c2.05±0.30a1.60±0.16ab0.85±0.25bc1.35±0.84b1.15±0.19b0.95±0.19b0.95±0.19bND1.35±0.70b
AC30.35±0.19ab0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.16ab0.15±0.10b0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.30±0.12ab0.40±0.00ab0.45±0.19a0.25±0.10b
AC4ND0.75±0.10a0.50±0.12b0.30±0.12b0.45±0.19b0.35±0.19b0.35±0.10b0.45±0.19b0.30±0.20b0.40±0.28b
AC50.25±0.10c1.50±0.12bc2.70±0.81a1.25±0.60bc1.05±0.60bc1.75±0.53b2.35±0.66ab2.55±0.38a0.35±0.10c0.80±0.54c
AC6ND0.20±0.00ab0.25±0.10ab0.15±0.10b0.15±0.10b0.25±0.10ab0.20±0.00ab0.30±0.12aNDND
酯类
E11.90±1.41b0.75±0.10b3.30±0.81a1.40±0.23b1.20±0.28b2.50±0.82ab2.40±0.82ab0.70±0.12b1.70±0.87b2.15±1.68ab
E21.70±0.12b11.25±0.41b18.70±2.96b22.70±4.02b14.20±2.96b21.05±1.18b13.90±7.65b12.05±0.55b17.15±1.25b59.30±49.43a
E30.50±0.12c0.80±0.16c2.85±1.06a2.45±1.00ab1.00±0.16bc2.30±0.58ab1.70±0.48bc1.25±0.10bc1.10±0.26bc1.75±1.11b
E5ND0.30±0.12aNDND0.35±0.19a0.10±0.12bND0.10±0.12bNDND
其他
41.40±0.16b1.25±0.25b0.70±0.12b0.60±0.00b1.35±0.41b0.80±0.16b0.80±0.16b0.75±0.10b6.30±7.81a1.35±0.34b
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不同乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分及挥发性化合物的影响
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郑家英 1, 2 , 李语诺 1, 2 , 梁高泽 1, 2 , 文慧 2 , 张卫东 3 , 赵宏远 3 , 许延伸 3 , 王晓楠 1, 2 , 付玉杰 1, 2 , 朱保庆 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 分析检测 2026,47(5): 301-314
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食品工业科技 |分析检测 2026 , 47 (5) : 301 -314
不同乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分及挥发性化合物的影响
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郑家英(2002−),女,本科,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

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郑家英1, 2 , 李语诺1, 2, 梁高泽1, 2, 文慧2, 张卫东3, 赵宏远3, 许延伸3, 王晓楠1, 2, 付玉杰1, 2, 朱保庆1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 2北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京 100083
  • 3黑龙江省大兴安岭加格达奇林业局,黑龙江加格达奇区 165002
通讯作者:
朱保庆(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品风味化学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

郑家英(2002−),女,本科,研究方向:食品科学与工程,E-mail:

Effects of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Nutritional Composition and Volatile Components of Birch Sap
Jiaying ZHENG1, 2 , Yunuo LI1, 2, Gaoze LIANG1, 2, Hui WEN2, Weidong ZHANG3, Hongyuan ZHAO3, Yanshen XU3, Xiaonan WANG1, 2, Yujie FU1, 2, Baoqing ZHU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3Heilongjiang Da Hinggan Ling Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau, Jiagedaqi District 165002, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030035
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本研究旨在系统评估乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分和挥发性化合物的影响,以期为开发白桦树汁发酵产品的菌株选择提供科学依据。选取8株不同乳酸菌,分别对不同时期采集的白桦树汁进行发酵处理,系统分析发酵前后白桦树汁的理化指标、抗氧化性、氨基酸组成以及挥发性化合物的变化情况。结果表明,不同时期采集的白桦树汁存在化学成分差异,前期白桦树汁具有更高的糖和酸,以及更为丰富的挥发性化合物,而后期白桦树汁拥有较高含量的风味氨基酸。8种乳酸菌在白桦树汁中表现出良好的生长代谢能力。经菌株发酵后,白桦树汁pH、还原糖含量减少,总酸含量增加,抗氧化能力提高。通过高效液相色谱分析氨基酸组成,白桦树汁发酵后共检测到21种氨基酸,前期白桦树汁发酵后甜味、苦味氨基酸含量都有增加,而后期发酵后甜味氨基酸减少,苦味氨基酸无明显变化。使用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析挥发性化合物组成,白桦树汁发酵后共检测到46种挥发性化合物,其种类和含量显著增加。不同时期采集的白桦树汁在发酵后的品质变化存在显著差异。前期采集的白桦树汁发酵后总酸含量、还原糖含量、氨基酸和挥发性化合物组成变化都更为显著。主成分分析显示,发酵前后的白桦树汁具有显著的品质差异。综上,乳酸菌发酵能够提升白桦树汁风味品质,且植物乳植杆菌BB16被认为是最佳发酵菌株。

白桦树汁  /  乳酸菌  /  抗氧化活性  /  氨基酸  /  挥发性化合物

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the nutritional composition and flavor quality of birch sap, providing a scientific basis for the selection of strains for fermented birch sap. Eight distinct strains of lactic acid bacteria were selected to ferment birch sap collected at various intervals. The study comprehensively analyzed alterations in physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of birch sap before and after fermentation. Results indicated chemical composition disparities in birch sap collected at different times, with early sap exhibiting higher sugar and acid levels, a more diverse array of volatile compounds, yet lower content of flavor amino acids compared to the late birch sap. The eight strains had good growth and metabolism in birch sap. After fermentation by the strains, the pH and reducing sugar content of birch sap decreased, while the total acid content increased. The antioxidant capacity of birch sap was enhanced. Through analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography, a total of 21 amino acids were detected in fermented birch sap. After fermentation, both sweet and bitter amino acid levels rose in early birch sap, contrasting with a decline in sweet amino acids and relatively stable bitter amino acid levels in late birch sap. The composition of volatile compounds was analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 46 volatile compounds were detected in birch sap, with both the variety and quantity of volatile compounds experiencing significant enhancement post-fermentation. Notable variations in quality transformations were observed in birch sap collected at different time points following fermentation. The changes in total acid content, reducing sugar content, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of fermented birch sap collected in early sap were more significant. Principal component analysis revealed distinct quality differences between fermented and unfermented birch sap. A comprehensive review shows that lactic acid bacteria fermentation can enhance the flavor quality of birch sap, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BB16 is considered the optimal fermentation strain.

birch sap  /  lactic acid bacteria  /  antioxidant activity  /  amino acids  /  volatile compounds
郑家英, 李语诺, 梁高泽, 文慧, 张卫东, 赵宏远, 许延伸, 王晓楠, 付玉杰, 朱保庆. 不同乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分及挥发性化合物的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 301 -314 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030035
Jiaying ZHENG, Yunuo LI, Gaoze LIANG, Hui WEN, Weidong ZHANG, Hongyuan ZHAO, Yanshen XU, Xiaonan WANG, Yujie FU, Baoqing ZHU. Effects of Different Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation on Nutritional Composition and Volatile Components of Birch Sap[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 301 -314 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030035
白桦树汁是白桦树干中流出的汁液,透明无色或略带微黄,具有淡淡的桦树清香。它含有多种对人体有益的营养成分,如矿物质、维生素、氨基酸等,以及多种生物活性物质,如菸酸、香精油、桦芽酸、皂角甙化合物、赤霉素和细胞分裂素等,被誉为“人类健康的守护神” “森林滴露”[1]。白桦树汁不仅具有营养价值,还具有治疗胃肠道、缓解痛风、抗菌消炎、增强免疫功能等多种功能活性[2]。然而其风味偏淡,保存期短,极大限制了白桦树汁产品的市场拓展[3]。
乳酸菌是一类可以代谢糖类产生乳酸的微生物,拥有改善肠道功能、调节免疫力和减轻炎症等多种功能,可以为人类提供健康益处[4],在功能食品饮料中发挥着重要作用。乳酸菌发酵产生的有机酸、过氧化氢酶、抗真菌化合物等能够有效抑制腐败微生物,从而延长发酵产品的保质期[5]。此外,乳酸菌发酵还能改善或增强产品的风味,提高营养物质的生物利用度和增加生物活性化合物的含量[6−8]。已有研究表明乳酸菌发酵可以延长白桦树汁的贮藏期和改善其适口性[9],但目前关于乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分及挥发性化合物组成的影响研究仍较少。特别是对于发酵前后白桦树汁的品质变化,以及如何通过发酵技术提升其市场竞争力,尚缺乏系统的研究和分析。
大量研究表明,白桦树汁原料的化学成分受采集时间影响[10−11]。因此,本研究以前期、后期两个不同采集时期的白桦树汁为原料,选用8株不同乳酸菌进行发酵。通过系统比较不同处理下的理化指标、抗氧化性、氨基酸组成以及挥发性化合物组成,探究乳酸菌发酵对白桦树汁营养成分及挥发性化合物的影响,并筛选出发酵性能优良且能够提质增香的菌株。这一研究可为开发具有更高营养价值和风味品质的白桦树汁产品提供科学依据和数据支持。
白桦树汁 从大兴安岭桦树林采集而来,前期白桦树汁采集时间为4月25日至5月1日,后期白桦树汁采集时间为5月8日至5月12日;实验所用菌株植物乳植杆菌BB16(L. plantarum BB16)、植物乳植杆菌C10(L. plantarum C10)、植物乳植杆菌 B4(L. plantarum B4)、植物乳植杆菌LB64(L. plantarum LB64) 来自实验室自主分离;干酪乳酪杆菌MKS1(L. casei)、嗜酸乳杆菌MKS2(L. acidophilus) 河北麦克斯工厂;类干酪乳酪杆菌CI25(L. paracasei CICC24825)、鼠李糖乳酪杆菌CI72(L. rhamnosus CICC21772) 中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心;葡萄糖标准品、酚酞、氢氧化钠、酒石酸钾钠、3,5 -二硝基水杨酸、苯酚、亚硫酸钠 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;乙酸钠、三乙胺、异硫氰酸苯酯、正己烷 均为色谱级,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;乙腈、甲醇 均为色谱级,上海霍尼韦尔贸易有限公司;ABTS试剂盒、DPPH试剂盒 苏州科铭生物技术有限公司;20种天然氨基酸标准品 上海吉至生化科技有限公司;赖氨酸标准品 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;C6~C24正构烷烃标准品、4-甲基-2-戊醇(内标) 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司。
H12221pH计 意大利HANNA公司;HPX-9082MBE恒温培养箱 上海博讯实业有限公司医疗设备厂;UV-3300紫外可见分光光度计 上海美普达仪器有限公司;悟空k2025高效液相色谱仪 上海海能未来技术集团股份有限公司;Inertsil ODS-3 5 μm色谱柱(4.6×250 mm) 日本GL Sciences公司;Thermo ISQ QD×TRACE 1300×GERSTEL ODP4 气质嗅闻联用仪(GC-MS-O) 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;HP-Innowax毛细管柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) 美国J&W Scientific公司。
菌株活化参考Wang等[12]的方法,稍作修改。将−80 ℃下冷冻保藏的8株菌解冻至室温,分别接种至液体MRS培养基中,放置37 ℃培养箱活化,每隔12 h传代一次,36 h后离心除去培养基,用无菌生理盐水洗涤沉淀物2次,最后制备菌悬液作为乳酸菌发酵剂。
白桦树汁采集后将其在−20 ℃下冻存,常温化冻后将乳酸菌发酵剂以6 lgCFU/mL的接种浓度接种到白桦树汁中,于恒温培养箱中30 ℃下发酵48 h,发酵结束后离心除菌得到发酵样品,于−20 ℃下储存备用。将未接种菌株的白桦树汁分别置于−20 ℃冷冻和30 ℃自然发酵48 h,作为对照组UFJ和NFJ。
使用平板计数法对乳酸菌计数。将发酵液用无菌生理盐水进行合适的梯度稀释,取1 mL稀释液加入到培养皿中,然后采用倾注法将MRS琼脂培养基加入到含有稀释样液的培养皿中,摇匀,凝固后放到37 ℃培养箱中进行培养,48 h后对菌落进行计数。
pH:pH计测定;总酸:参考GB/T 12456-2021《食品中总酸的测定》;还原糖:参考NY/T 2742-2015《水果及制品可溶性糖的测定 3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法》。
采用ABTS试剂盒和DPPH试剂盒测定。
采用高效液相色谱(High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)分析氨基酸,参考实验室已建立的方法进行修改[13]。柱前衍生化:分别取氨基酸标品、待测样品、配制的混标800 μL,加入1 mol/L三乙胺乙腈400 μL,混匀后加入0.1 mol/L异硫氰酸苯酯乙腈400 μL,混匀,密封避光保存1 h后加入3.2 mL正己烷,混匀,取下层液体经过有机滤头(0.22 μm),过滤至小瓶,待测。色谱条件:色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-3 5 μm色谱柱(4.6×250 mm);柱温35 ℃;进样量10 μL;紫外检测器波长254 nm;流动相A为乙酸钠缓冲盐溶液:乙腈(v/v 93:7),流动相B为乙腈:水(v/v 80:20);流速为1.0 mL/min。洗脱梯度:0~30 min,A为100%;30.00~40.00 min,A 100%→85%;40.00~55.00 min,A 85%→84%;55.00~85.00 min,A 84%→66%;85.00~86.00 min,A 66%→0%;86.00~87.00 min,A 0%;87.00~87.10 min,A 0%→100%;87.10~93.00 min,A 100%。
定性定量分析:在相同的色谱条件下,对氨基酸标准品进行分析,将标准品保留时间与样品中氨基酸保留时间相比较,对样品中氨基酸种类进行鉴定。将氨基酸标准品逐步稀释5~7个浓度点,测定色谱峰,以峰面积为纵坐标,氨基酸浓度为横坐标,绘制标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算样品中的氨基酸浓度。
使用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术分析挥发性化合物,参考实验室已建立的方法[14]。在15 mL样品瓶中加入5.0 mL样品、1.0 g NaCl和10 μL内标(0.20 g/L),用带有聚四氟乙烯隔垫的瓶盖密封后置于自动进样器上。样品瓶在40 ℃振荡平衡30 min后,将活化好的2 cm 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头插入样品瓶的顶空部分,萃取顶空的香气物质30 min。随后将萃取头插入到GC进样口,热解吸8 min,进样口温度250 ℃。GC-MS条件:色谱柱采用HP-Innowax毛细管柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);载气为高纯氦气(>99.999%),流速1.0 mL/min,不分流模式;升温程序:在50 ℃保持1 min,以3 ℃/min升温至220 ℃,保持5 min;质谱离子源为电子电离源(EI),电离能70 eV;质量扫描范围29~350 m/z;离子源温度230 ℃。
定性定量分析:在相同色谱和质谱条件下,对C6~C24正构烷烃系列进行分析,用于计算挥发性化合物的保留指数(RI),公式见式(1)。通过与NIST14库中的质谱信息及保留指数的比较,对挥发性化合物进行鉴定[14]。按内标法定量测定挥发性化合物含量,将挥发性化合物与内标4-甲基-2-戊醇的峰面积比乘以内标浓度表示各挥发性化合物的浓度(Cj)[15],公式见式(2)。
$\rm \mathrm{RI}=100\left(\frac{{lgX}_{i}-{lgX}_{n}}{{lgX}_{n+1}-{lgX}_{n}}+n\right) $
式中:Xi为目标化合物保留时间;Xn和Xn+1为相邻两个正构烷烃的保留时间。
$ \mathrm{Cj}=\frac{\mathrm{Aj}\times \text{Cis}}{\text{Ais}}\times 1000 $
式中:Cj为目标化合物浓度(mg/L);Aj为目标化合物峰面积;Ais为内标峰面积;Cis为内标浓度(g/L)。
使用SPSS软件进行单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),显著性水平设定为P<0.05,表示差异显著;使用TBtools进行层次聚类分析并绘制热图;使用Origin 2024绘制图表;使用XLSTAT 2019 进行主成分分析。
活菌数可以作为评估乳酸菌生长能力的一个重要参数,很大程度上反映了菌株在特定发酵环境中的适应性[16]。与接种时的活菌数6 lgCFU/mL相比,所有菌种活菌数在48 h后都至少增加了1个数量级,表明乳酸菌能够适应白桦树汁环境利用其营养物质进行生长代谢。由图1可知,两个时期的白桦树汁发酵后的样品中BB16的活菌数最高,可达8.0 lgCFU/mL,其次为B4;其他菌株的活菌数在7.4~8.0 lgCFU/mL之间,而MKS2的活菌数最低,前期白桦树汁中为7.4 lgCFU/mL,后期白桦树汁中为7.6 lgCFU/mL。不同乳酸菌发酵白桦树汁表现出的生长差异,表明菌株的生物学特性与白桦树汁的营养成分相互作用会显著影响发酵效果。
由图2可知,两种白桦树汁发酵后均出现pH、还原糖含量显著降低,总酸含量显著升高的现象(P<0.05)。这是由于乳酸菌发酵过程中会消耗糖分产生有机酸,从而导致pH下降[17]。白桦树汁的pH在不同菌株之间表现出显著差异,前、后期未发酵样品UFJ的pH均显著高于发酵后的pH(图2A、图2D)。同时总酸含量与pH的变化呈负相关,这与Chen等[18]的研究一致。
前期白桦树汁中UFJ的总酸含量为0.036 g/L,发酵后BB16处理的总酸含量最高,为0.630 g/L,增加了16倍多,其他菌株发酵的白桦树汁总酸含量也有不同程度的增加,增加了4~14倍(图2B)。这反映了不同菌株在产酸能力上的差异。后期白桦树汁中UFJ总酸含量为0.014 g/L,发酵后BB16处理的总酸含量最高为0.299 g/L,其余在0.12~0.25 g/L之间,增加了7~20倍(图2E),其总酸含量增加幅度比前期白桦树汁组较高,但含量却整体低于前期白桦树汁组。图2C显示,前期采集白桦树汁还原糖含量约为7 g/L,随着发酵,还原糖含量显著降低,在3~4.6 g/L左右,下降了34%~57%。图2F显示,后期采集白桦树汁中还原糖含量约为4 g/L,发酵后还原糖含量则为2~3 g/L,下降了27%~53%,其下降幅度及整体含量比前期白桦树汁组较低。糖降低是由于糖类转化为有机酸和发酵过程中乳酸菌的增殖[19]。
前期未发酵白桦树汁相比后期具有更高的糖和酸,主要是由于白桦树在萌芽期前的生理活动更为活跃,需要大量能量支持新芽的萌发和嫩叶的生长,导致糖类、有机酸等营养物质的积累。随着时间的推移,树木的生长进入旺盛阶段,大量消耗糖类和有机酸,导致后期白桦树汁中的糖和酸含量相对较低[20]。
在评估抗氧化能力时,可通过测定样品对ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基的清除效果来反映其抗氧化性能。由图3可知,两种白桦树汁发酵后清除自由基的能力均显著增强(P<0.05),与谭淇丹等[21]的发现相一致。
在ABTS+自由基清除率中(图3A、图3C),两种白桦树汁发酵后均是BB16处理组清除率最高,经BB16、B4和MKS1发酵后的ABTS+自由基清除率高于自然发酵NFJ处理组。前期白桦树汁发酵后的清除率在3%~13%之间,后期为5%~11%之间。在DPPH自由基清除率中(图3B、图3D),前期白桦树汁中LB64处理的清除率最高,超过20%,其他菌株处理的清除率在15%~20%之间。后期白桦树汁中B4处理的清除率最高17%,其余样品的清除率在15%~17%之间。游颖等[22]的研究中也由此发现,白桦树汁发酵后在清除DPPH自由基和抑制羟自由基能力方面显著提高。同时,不同菌株对不同白桦树汁的适应性差异会影响其发酵过程中的代谢活动,产生不同的抗氧化物质,进而导致不同处理组之间的抗氧化差异。
在前期研究的基础上,优化建立了白桦树汁氨基酸组成分析方法,测定了21个氨基酸标准品并制作标准曲线(表1)。在样品中共检测出21种氨基酸,其中未发酵白桦树汁中仅检测到12种氨基酸。在前期采集的白桦树汁的各处理组中,MKS1和CI25氨基酸种类最多有19种;在后期组,NFJ处理组和CI25处理组检出的氨基酸种类最多有16种。两个时期的白桦树汁发酵后氨基酸种类均增多,这是由于乳酸菌影响发酵基质中的代谢途径从而丰富了氨基酸的种类[23]。前期UFJ中氨基酸组成主要为组氨酸、异亮氨酸和半胱氨酸,总氨基酸含量为78.28 μg/mL,发酵后均显著增加至100 μg/mL以上,其中CI25处理组中总氨基酸含量最高(269.55 μg/mL)(表2)。后期UFJ中氨基酸组成主要为亮氨酸(105.15 μg/mL)、脯氨酸(98.04 μg/mL)和半胱氨酸(17.23 μg/mL),发酵后脯氨酸显著减少,甚至未检出,使得发酵后的样品中总氨基酸含量降低(表3)。乳酸菌之间的蛋白酶类型和蛋白质水解活性存在差异[24],不同时期采集的桦树汁中自身化学组成也有所不同,共同造成发酵后不同处理条件下氨基酸含量存在显著差异。
氨基酸对食物的风味有很大贡献,典型的风味贡献氨基酸可分为四类:甜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和芳香氨基酸。后期UFJ除鲜味氨基酸外,其余风味氨基酸含量均高于前期UFJ。前期样品组中形成风味的氨基酸含量从高到低依次为苦味氨基酸>甜味氨基酸>鲜味氨基酸>芳香氨基酸,后期样品组中为苦味氨基酸>甜味氨基酸>芳香氨基酸>鲜味氨基酸。
前期白桦树汁发酵后各处理组的甜味氨基酸总含量均增加,其中CI25和CI72处理的甜味氨基酸含量显著高于其他样品(P<0.05),超过100 μg/mL。而后期桦树汁发酵后甜味氨基酸总含量均下降。前期UFJ中含有较低脯氨酸,发酵后除NFJ外其余处理组脯氨酸含量均显著增加,而后期UFJ中含有较高的脯氨酸,在发酵后含量显著降低。这导致了甜味氨基酸总含量在两种基质中的不同变化。脯氨酸在不同时期采集的桦树汁中的差异变化,可能是由于乳酸菌代谢途径的差异以及发酵基质中其他代谢物的调控作用所导致的[25]。
前期白桦树汁发酵后除BB16外其余处理组的苦味氨基酸总含量均增加,且超过了100 μg/mL。后期白桦树汁发酵后苦味氨基酸总含量无明显差异,含量在114 μg/mL左右,除CI25处理总含量低于100 μg/mL。苦味氨基酸中亮氨酸含量最为突出,平均含量约100 μg/mL远高于其他氨基酸,为苦味氨基酸中的重要贡献者。亮氨酸是挥发性化合物合成的重要前体[26],也是作为调节植物生长的关键信号分子[27]。
前期白桦树汁中UFJ、C10、B4和MKS2处理中没有检测到谷氨酸,NFJ、MKS1、CI25、CI72处理的鲜味氨基酸总含量高于UFJ。后期白桦树汁中仅有UFJ、NFJ和MKS1处理含有少量天冬氨酸。白桦树汁中天冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量低可能是由于缺少特定酶系和代谢途径的限制。
前期白桦树汁发酵后BB16和CI25处理的芳香氨基酸总含量减少,其余处理组增加。后期白桦树汁发酵后MKS1、CI25和CI72芳香氨基酸总含量减少,其余处理组增加。两种风味氨基酸的含量总体低于甜味和苦味氨基酸。
在其他氨基酸中,天冬酰胺在前期桦树汁组样本中仅被检测到微量存在。在后期桦树汁样本中,谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺同样仅被检测到微量,由于含量过低,无法进行准确定量分析。
不同菌株发酵后氨基酸组成和含量差异显著(P<0.05),与刘欣等[28]的研究结果相似。他们发现,乳酸菌发酵荔枝汁-大豆蛋白后,氨基酸种类和代谢特征发生了显著变化,不同乳酸菌菌株表现出不同的氨基酸代谢能力。
乳酸菌发酵过程中利用碳水化合物、蛋白质等原料,采用不同的代谢途径能够产生各种挥发性化合物[29]。利用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用的方法,对两个时期的白桦树汁香气化合物的成分及含量进行分析鉴定。在所有样品中共鉴定出46种挥发性化合物,醇、酮类化合物较为丰富,包括醇类13种、醛类5种、酮类13种、酸类6种、酯类5种、其他类4种(表4)。
前期白桦树汁组UFJ检测出22种,在NFJ、BB16、C10、B4、LB64、MKS2、MKS1、CI25和CI72处理中分别鉴定出28、43、35、42、40、36、36、37、33种化合物,其中有13种化合物,经乳酸菌发酵后含量均上升(表5)。前期白桦树汁经特定菌株发酵后挥发性化合物总含量增加了40%~376%,BB16处理总含量最高,NFJ处理总含量最低。后期白桦树汁组UFJ检测出19种,在NFJ、BB16、C10、B4、LB64、MKS2、MKS1、CI25和CI72处理中分别鉴定出26、27、25、25、26、27、26、24、25种化合物,其中有10种化合物经乳酸菌发酵后含量均上升(表6)。后期白桦树汁发酵后挥发性化合物总含量增加了148%~449%,CI72处理总含量最高。2-丁烯醛在前、后期白桦树汁中发酵后均减少,正壬醇、2-庚酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、辛酸和壬酸在两个时期中发酵后含量均增加。
为能够更直观地显示两组样品之间的风味物质差异,绘制了挥发性化合物聚类热图(图4)。从热图中可以看到,后期组各发酵样品的化合物含量显著少于前期组。前期各处理中醇类化合物含量高于后期各处理,而酸类化合物含量略低于后期各处理,前期BB16处理中的酮类化合物含量较为突出。前、后期白桦树汁发酵后出现了多种新的挥发性化合物,且绝大多数挥发性化合物的含量显著增加(P<0.05)。
醇类在发酵果蔬浆的特征风味中有突出贡献,由发酵过程中碳水化合物的糖酵解产生[30]。白桦树汁中的醇类主要为2,3-丁二醇和2-乙基己醇,在前期组中总含量超过200 mg/L。前期组中BB16和C10处理中的2,3-丁二醇含量比UFJ高出约624倍和985倍,正丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、正戊醇、2-乙基己醇、正辛醇和正壬醇在菌株发酵后含量均显著上升(P<0.05),这些醇类能够赋予白桦树汁果香、花香和草木香[15]。在后期白桦树汁组中,没有检测到1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、正戊醇、3-甲基-1-戊醇和正癸醇,醇类的总含量也远低于前期组。两个时期中,正壬醇发酵后含量均增加,而十二醇在发酵前后无显著变化。
乳酸菌发酵过程中,发酵基质中的氨基酸可以在转氨酶的作用下生成α-酮酸,α-酮酸分别在脱羧酶、脱氢酶的作用下可以生成醛类化合物、酸类化合物。在前期组中检测到5种醛类分别为2-丁烯醛、己醛、壬醛、癸醛和苯甲醛,而在后期组中只有2-丁烯醛、己醛和壬醛。2-丁烯醛在发酵后含量普遍降低,可能被还原成醇或氧化为酸。醛类化合物对产品香气的影响主要与其含量有关,低浓度时醛类化合物提供的水果味对产品风味产生积极的影响,浓度高时可能对发酵产品香气产生负面影响[31]。大多数酸类化合物经乳酸菌发酵后含量明显提高。发酵后鉴定出6种酸类乙酸、己酸、2-甲基-3-羟基丙酸、辛酸、壬酸和正癸酸。而在前期UFJ中只检测出乙酸和2-甲基-3-羟基丙酸。辛酸和壬酸在前、后期组发酵后含量均上升。所有处理组中均鉴定出乙酸,且乙酸的含量远远超过其他酸类,甚至高出其他酸类五十倍以上。乙酸由磷酸己糖途径的乙酸激酶途径产生与多种挥发性化合物的合成密切相关。
酮类主要通过微生物氧化或脱羧途径产生。白桦树汁中检测出13种酮类,主要组成为3-羟基-2-丁酮和甲基异丁基甲酮,3-羟基-2-丁酮的含量远远超过其他酮类,其含量最高的样品为前期C10处理。3-羟基-2-丁酮也称为乙偶姻,带有奶油香气可增强发酵样品的醇厚感。当糖酵解途径产生 3-羟基-2-丁酮时,会产生 2,3-丁二醇和其他副产物[32],因此3-羟基-2-丁酮和2,3-丁二醇的含量都较高。后期白桦树汁中只有6种酮类,UFJ只有甲基异丁基甲酮和6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一双烯-2-酮。3-甲基环己酮仅在前期BB16处理中检测出,2-戊酮仅在前期UFJ和前期BB16处理中存在。2-庚酮和3-羟基-2-丁酮在前、后期组发酵后含量均显著增加,2-庚酮具有果香的香味特征。
酯类主要通过不饱和脂肪酸的脂氧合酶和β氧化途径产生,也可以通过酸和醇之间的酯化反应合成[33]。酯类多样性有助于增强发酵白桦树汁的果香、花香和令人愉悦的特性。在前期白桦树汁组中检测出乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙烯酸丁酯和辛酸乙酯,UFJ中无丙烯酸丁酯和辛酸乙酯。后期白桦树汁组中无丙烯酸丁酯。白桦树汁中乙酸正丙酯的含量远高于其他酯类,总含量超过了150 mg/L。其中,前期CI72处理中的乙酸正丙酯含量最高,前期BB16处理次之,均超过了100 mg/L。在后期组中,发酵后的样品中乙酸正丙酯和乙酸丁酯含量均高于未发酵样品。
主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)是一种多变量数据分析方法,为了进一步直观地比较乳酸菌发酵前后白桦树汁样品香气成分整体的差异,以及其他发酵指标对样品的影响,对两个时期样品的挥发性化合物和理化指标、抗氧化性、氨基酸组成分别进行了PCA分析。由于变量较多,为了使图表更有可读性,选择平方余弦和大于0.5的变量显示在PCA图中
前期白桦树汁组PCA分析如图5显示,PCA结果中前两个主成分贡献率分别为34.97%、25.44%。挥发性化合物变量在主成分的贡献中,醇类、酮类、酸类化合物主要是F1的重要贡献者,醛类化合物主要在F2中作出重要贡献。根据变量在F1上的投影,辛酸和半胱氨酸的贡献值在该主成分上较大。而通过在F2上的投影,主要贡献变量为十二醇和2-丁烯醛。从得分图可以看到,样品主要集中在第一二象限,而NFJ、UFJ和BB16分别位于第三象限和第四象限。发酵样品与未发酵样品UFJ能够明显区分,同时特定菌株发酵与自然发酵NFJ也能够明显区分,表明发酵能够显著影响白桦树汁的风味品质和复杂性。同时BB16与其它样品的距离远,并与大多数挥发性化合物相关,表明BB16具有丰富独特的风味品质与其它组具有显著差异。载荷图中,还原糖、pH、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸和2-丁烯醛位于第三象限,与UFJ密切相关。挥发性化合物和氨基酸主要沿F1正向分布,与菌株发酵密切相关,发酵能使白桦树汁中的挥发性化合物和氨基酸更丰富。还原糖与大多数化合物呈负相关,组氨酸、胱氨酸和异亮氨酸在发酵样品中减少,与大多数挥发性化合物呈负相关。
后期白桦树汁组PCA分析如图6显示,PCA结果中两个主成分分别解释了样品总体变异的32.66%和21.45%。根据变量在F1上的投影,正壬醇、3-羟基-2丁酮、乙酸、总酸和还原糖是该主成分上的主要贡献变量。而在F2上的投影可以看到是2-乙基己醇为该主成分上的主要贡献变量。得分图中,样品分布较为分散,其中C10和LB64距离较近,表明它们的发酵特征和成分组成相似,其中CI25与其它样品的差异较大。载荷图中还原糖、pH和脯氨酸与UFJ相关性高。还原糖与大多数化合物呈负相关,与前期白桦树汁组分析结果一致。后期UFJ中的还原糖、脯氨酸和苯丙氨酸发酵后减少,与大多数化合物的生成有关。
本研究选取8株不同乳酸菌发酵两个不同采集时期的白桦树汁,系统分析白桦树汁发酵前后的理化指标、抗氧化能力、氨基酸组成以及挥发性化合物组成的变化。结果显示所有菌株在白桦树汁中均表现出良好的生长能力。发酵后,白桦树汁的pH和还原糖含量显著降低,总酸含量显著增加。前期未发酵白桦树汁总酸含量和还原糖含量均高于后期未发酵白桦树汁。前期白桦树汁发酵后总酸含量增加了4~16倍,还原糖含量减少了34%~57%,而后期分别为7~20倍、27%~53%。其中BB16处理在两个时期中表现出良好的生长能力和产酸能力。白桦树汁发酵后抗氧化能力显著增强,其中BB16表现出优异的ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力。通过HPLC分析,白桦树汁中的主要氨基酸为亮氨酸和半胱氨酸,发酵后氨基酸的种类增加,而含量在不同基质和不同菌株发酵下有所差异。后期未发酵白桦树汁的各类风味氨基酸含量高于前期。发酵后的白桦树汁中苦味氨基酸含量高于甜味氨基酸含量。通过HS-SPME-GC-MS分析,白桦树汁发酵后共鉴定出46种挥发性化合物,在所有组间表现出种类和含量的显著差异。前期白桦树汁组的挥发性化合物总量和种类高于后期组,展现出更为复杂的风味特征。两个时期白桦树汁发酵后,2-丁烯醛含量减少,正壬醇、2-庚酮、3-羟基-2-丁酮、辛酸和壬酸含量均增加。其中经BB16发酵后的白桦树汁挥发性化合物种类和含量最为丰富。将前、后期白桦树汁发酵后的样品分别进行综合指标的PCA分析,均实现了乳酸菌发酵样品和未发酵样品的明显区分。综述,乳酸菌发酵能够显著影响白桦树汁的风味品质,同时BB16被认为是发酵白桦树汁的最佳菌株。本研究为白桦树汁产品的创新开发提供了坚实的理论基础。未来,通过进一步优化发酵工艺并结合系统的感官评价,有望研发出更受消费者喜爱的白桦树汁产品。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030035
  • 接收时间:2025-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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    1林业食品加工与安全北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
    2北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京 100083
    3黑龙江省大兴安岭加格达奇林业局,黑龙江加格达奇区 165002

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朱保庆(1982−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品风味化学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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