Article(id=1320889074852934523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030034, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854096377, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854096377, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854096377, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854096377, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=198, endPage=207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889075041678204, articleId=1320889074852934523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Purification and Characterization of β-Glucanase Activity Protein GxylE-v26 from B. velezensis 2-6, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: The aim of this work was to purify and identify the β-glucanase active protein from the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2-6 which originated from mangrove, and to investigate the enzymatic characteristics of the purified β-glucanase active protein. Methods: The ammonium sulfate precipitation method and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography were used to purify the β-glucanase active protein from the supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2-6. LC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify the purified protein. The enzyme activity of β-glucanase active protein was analyzed using DNS method. Thin layer chromatography was used to detect the degradation level of β-glucanase active protein on laminarin. Filter paper method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of β-glucanase active protein on pathogenic microorganisms. Results: A protein with a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa was obtained from strain 2-6 fermentation supernatant by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography, and the β-glucanase activity of this protein reached 36956.5 U/mg. The purified protein was deduced as glucuronic acid xylanase by LC-MS/MS which consisted of 423 amino acids and named as GxylE-v26. The optimal enzyme reaction temperature of GxylE-v26 was 60 ℃ and the optimal pH was 4. Low concentration of Fe2+ (1 mmol/L) could promote the enzyme activity of GxylE-v26 while medium (10 mmol/L) and high (100 mmol/L) concentration of Fe2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ could inhibit the enzyme activity of GxylE-v26. GxylE-v26 could hydrolyze laminarin and exhibit inhibitory effects on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pantoea ananatis. The inhibition zone diameters of 1 mg/mL GxylE-v26 against S. aureus and P. ananatis were 1 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively. Conclusion: A β-glucanase active protein, named GxylE-v26, was purified and identified from the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2-6 which derived from mangrove. GxylE-v26 was an acid enzyme which could tolerate a certain degree of high temperature and possess antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pantoea ananas.

, authors=Jiayue LI1, Miaofang CHEN1, Zhenyang LEI1, Zhenfeng LAI1, Lei WANG1, 2, *, authorsList=Jiayue LI, Miaofang CHEN, Zhenyang LEI, Zhenfeng LAI, Lei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889079613469593, articleId=1320889074852934523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=B. velezensis 2-6来源β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白GxylE-v26的纯化及酶学特征, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:以红树林来源具葡聚糖酶活性的菌株Bacillus velezensis 2-6为研究对象,从其发酵上清液中分离、纯化和鉴定β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白,并对其酶学特征进行研究。方法:采用硫酸铵沉淀法和DEAE阴离子交换层析法分离菌株2-6发酵上清液中的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白,应用LC-MS/MS对纯化的活性蛋白进行鉴定。采用DNS法对纯化的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的酶学特征进行分析。采用薄层层析检测β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白对底物的降解活性,应用滤纸片法检测活性蛋白对植物病原菌的抑菌活性。结果:菌株2-6发酵上清液经80%硫酸铵沉淀和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析纯化后,获得分子量大约为45 kDa的蛋白,其β-葡聚糖酶活性达到36956.5 U/mg。该蛋白经LC-MS/MS分析鉴定为葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖酶,由423个氨基酸组成,命名为GxylE-v26。GxylE-v26的最适酶反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH为4,低浓度(1 mmol/L)的Fe2+对GxylE-v26酶活有促进作用,中(10 mmol/L)、高(100 mmol/L)浓度的Fe2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Ba2+可抑制GxylE-v26酶活力。GxylE-v26可水解昆布多糖,且对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的生长具有抑制作用,1 mg/mL的 GxylE-v26对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的抑菌圈直径分别为1 cm和1.1 cm。结论:从红树林来源菌株Bacillus velezensis 2-6的发酵上清液中分离纯化并鉴定得到了具有高效β-葡聚糖酶活性的蛋白分子GxylE-v26,该蛋白是一种能耐受较高温度的酸性酶,且对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的生长均具有抑制作用。

, authors=李嘉悦1, 陈妙芳1, 雷震阳1, 赖震峰1, 王磊1, 2, *, authorsList=李嘉悦, 陈妙芳, 雷震阳, 赖震峰, 王磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王磊, authorNote=

李嘉悦(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王磊(1972−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:。
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李嘉悦(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:

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李嘉悦(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:

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Impacts of Fe(Ⅲ) on nitrogen cycle in river sediments[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889092670337038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=向婷婷. Fe(Ⅱ)/Α-KG依赖型芳氧烷酸双加氧酶Sp2结构与功能的研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2023. [XIANG T T. The crystal structures and function analysis of Fe(Ⅱ)/Α-KG-dependent aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase Sp2[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2023.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889092741640207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIANG T T. The crystal structures and function analysis of Fe(Ⅱ)/Α-KG-dependent aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase Sp2[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889092812943376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘璐. 基于IMM模型提高玉米秸秆纤维素水解反应效率的机制研究[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2019. [LIU Lu. Study on mechanism of improving the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis of corn stover based on IMM model[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2019.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320889092917800977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Lu. Study on mechanism of improving the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis of corn stover based on IMM model[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2019., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889079835767706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889079848350619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, companyId=1320889079835767706, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, South China Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Guangzhou 510642, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889079856739228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, companyId=1320889079835767706, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1华南农业大学材料与化学工程学院化工与制药系,绿色农药全国重点实验室,广东广州 510642)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889079923848093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889079932236702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, companyId=1320889079923848093, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889079940625311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, companyId=1320889079923848093, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2华南农业大学,广东省木本饲料工程技术研究中心,广东广州 510642)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889083468035010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene from strain 2-6, figureFileSmall=AaD+CIcybx05r9Lu37enmg==, figureFileBig=nDNjyn0/wt3uHb0HhhgRgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889083560309699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图1, caption=菌株2-6的16S rDNA PCR扩增

注:a为菌株2-6的16S rDNA的PCR产物电泳结果,其中M:Marker;b为菌株2-6及其同源序列的16S rDNA系统进化树。

, figureFileSmall=AaD+CIcybx05r9Lu37enmg==, figureFileBig=nDNjyn0/wt3uHb0HhhgRgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889083770024900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of ammonium sulfate precipitation of crude protein from strain 2-6, figureFileSmall=BM206dnivvJUD14AgwgLDg==, figureFileBig=mfxTGTWPl7P06KLh5QdvOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889083841328069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图2, caption=菌株2-6硫酸铵沉淀粗蛋白的分析结果

注:a为菌株2-6的硫酸铵沉淀粗蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳结果,其中M:Marker,泳道1:发酵上清液,2:30%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白,3:80%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白;b为菌株2-6不同硫酸铵沉淀所得粗蛋白的α-葡聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶的酶活性,其中CK为三种酶的阳性对照组,不同小写字母表示与阳性对照差异显著(P<0.05),图3同。

, figureFileSmall=BM206dnivvJUD14AgwgLDg==, figureFileBig=mfxTGTWPl7P06KLh5QdvOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889083921019846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow purification and enzyme activity analysis of strain 2-6 80% ammonium sulfate precipitated protein, figureFileSmall=l8wr73Iq1njNNCImxIN9QA==, figureFileBig=wFNH0o1aN1oWyarcAmLcbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889083992323015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图3, caption=菌株2-6 80%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow纯化及酶活分析

注:a为DEAE纯化洗脱曲线;b为不同洗脱组分的SDS-PAGE电泳,其中M:Marker,1:菌株2-6发酵上清液,2:菌株2-6 80%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白,3:穿流峰组分,4:0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分,5:0.2 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分,6:0.4 mol/L NaC洗脱组分,7:0.6 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分,8: 1.0 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分;c为不同洗脱组分三种酶活性测定结果。

, figureFileSmall=l8wr73Iq1njNNCImxIN9QA==, figureFileBig=wFNH0o1aN1oWyarcAmLcbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084055237576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Total ion flow map of LC-MS/MS for protein with β-glucanase activity, figureFileSmall=qg+d/nfDD15V01STShRnUg==, figureFileBig=Wkg2gBrMkEGmgd8XcmW4Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084122346441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图4, caption=β-葡聚糖酶活性的蛋白LC-MS/MS总离子流图, figureFileSmall=qg+d/nfDD15V01STShRnUg==, figureFileBig=Wkg2gBrMkEGmgd8XcmW4Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084185261002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Amino acid sequence of glucuronoxylanase identified by LC-MS/MS, figureFileSmall=iDAsIGkqyvK8foroFgKYQA==, figureFileBig=0oKYmgp4twVpTSaaCx3Z5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084248175563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图5, caption=LC-MS/MS鉴定所得Glucuronoxylanase的氨基酸序列

注:标为红色的序列表示与LC-MS/MS获得肽段一致的序列。

, figureFileSmall=iDAsIGkqyvK8foroFgKYQA==, figureFileBig=0oKYmgp4twVpTSaaCx3Z5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084344644556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Determination of optimum enzyme reaction temperature of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=XOULLroE0YSafDlS63vDrw==, figureFileBig=L2JGgJ5VlC7Q/Ing3Cto9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084411753421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图6, caption=GxylE-v26的最适酶反应温度测定, figureFileSmall=XOULLroE0YSafDlS63vDrw==, figureFileBig=L2JGgJ5VlC7Q/Ing3Cto9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084499833806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Analysis of temperature stability of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=fdA2k9RfkMptXwZQaywFaA==, figureFileBig=I8YqtyvDDLGb3IJLe0qTSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084566942671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图7, caption=GxylE-v26的温度稳定性分析, figureFileSmall=fdA2k9RfkMptXwZQaywFaA==, figureFileBig=I8YqtyvDDLGb3IJLe0qTSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084634051536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Determination of optimal pH for enzyme reaction of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=xssLLRrTFQoBBJuN+uWXWA==, figureFileBig=DOMg6pklE4DSky+n8i1VAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084696966097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图8, caption=GxylE-v26的酶反应最适pH测定, figureFileSmall=xssLLRrTFQoBBJuN+uWXWA==, figureFileBig=DOMg6pklE4DSky+n8i1VAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084764074962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Analysis of pH stability of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=icw+W3JQDcV5/8OxsuFsoA==, figureFileBig=ooqDs3MyN6hFMWhkyIW00g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084847961043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图9, caption=GxylE-v26的pH稳定性分析, figureFileSmall=icw+W3JQDcV5/8OxsuFsoA==, figureFileBig=ooqDs3MyN6hFMWhkyIW00g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084915069908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Impact of metal ions on the enzymatic activity of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=0UuTpjpxHOgf+EvBVbeMsQ==, figureFileBig=tIwwQqZnA8hjvLsMDDTARg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889084994761685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图10, caption=金属离子对GxylE-v26酶活的影响

注:不同小写字母代表组内差异显著(P<0.05),图11、图12同。

, figureFileSmall=0UuTpjpxHOgf+EvBVbeMsQ==, figureFileBig=tIwwQqZnA8hjvLsMDDTARg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085061870550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Impact of organic reagents on enzyme activity of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=tvnbJUdDDi7wTIwQFpBD4Q==, figureFileBig=tmRIo0rtZc99PHpYSiFYKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085133173719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图11, caption=有机试剂对GxylE-v26酶活性的影响, figureFileSmall=tvnbJUdDDi7wTIwQFpBD4Q==, figureFileBig=tmRIo0rtZc99PHpYSiFYKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085217059800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Impact of stain remover on enzyme activity of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=05DxN5jH6shzI5N8z1M3tQ==, figureFileBig=kkD1WgxCvkQUxe/ZHgP+Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085292557273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图12, caption=去污剂对GxylE-v26酶活性的影响, figureFileSmall=05DxN5jH6shzI5N8z1M3tQ==, figureFileBig=kkD1WgxCvkQUxe/ZHgP+Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085359666138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Results of thin layer chromatography of hydrolyzed Laminaria polysaccharide by GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=wWg5uojzCDeZFJlbmYF/JQ==, figureFileBig=yviZA5P88tfdVsxCYWdnHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085439357915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图13, caption=GxylE-v26酶水解昆布多糖薄层色谱层析结果

注:M:D-葡萄糖,1 h、12 h和24 h:水解时间分别为1 h、12 h和24 h的产物。

, figureFileSmall=wWg5uojzCDeZFJlbmYF/JQ==, figureFileBig=yviZA5P88tfdVsxCYWdnHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085523243996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Analysis of antibacterial activity of GxylE-v26, figureFileSmall=A2ukinHUwqVdTBoSird3GA==, figureFileBig=JytGuMmYxD+FP6DgLFrkYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085623907293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=图14, caption=GxylE-v26酶的抑菌活性分析

注:CK代表阴性对照;A:金黄色葡萄球菌,B:菠萝泛菌,C:大肠杆菌,D:青枯菌劳尔氏菌, E:水稻恶苗病菌,F:新拟盘多毛孢菌。

, figureFileSmall=A2ukinHUwqVdTBoSird3GA==, figureFileBig=JytGuMmYxD+FP6DgLFrkYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889085724570591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Identification of proteins with β-glucanase activity by mass spectrometry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码描述覆盖率(%)肽段数PSMs特异肽段数氨基酸数分子量(kDa)
A7Z5A1Glucuronoxylanase OS=Bacillus velezensis
(strain DSM 23117/BGSC 10A6/FZB42) OX=
326423 GN=RBAM_018140 PE=3 SV=1
5820602042347.8
), ArticleFig(id=1320889085816845280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889074852934523, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的质谱鉴定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码描述覆盖率(%)肽段数PSMs特异肽段数氨基酸数分子量(kDa)
A7Z5A1Glucuronoxylanase OS=Bacillus velezensis
(strain DSM 23117/BGSC 10A6/FZB42) OX=
326423 GN=RBAM_018140 PE=3 SV=1
5820602042347.8
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B. velezensis 2-6来源β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白GxylE-v26的纯化及酶学特征
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李嘉悦 1 , 陈妙芳 1 , 雷震阳 1 , 赖震峰 1 , 王磊 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(5): 198-207
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (5) : 198 -207
B. velezensis 2-6来源β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白GxylE-v26的纯化及酶学特征
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李嘉悦(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:

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李嘉悦1 , 陈妙芳1, 雷震阳1, 赖震峰1, 王磊1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1华南农业大学材料与化学工程学院化工与制药系,绿色农药全国重点实验室,广东广州 510642
  • 2华南农业大学,广东省木本饲料工程技术研究中心,广东广州 510642
通讯作者:
王磊(1972−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李嘉悦(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:

Purification and Characterization of β-Glucanase Activity Protein GxylE-v26 from B. velezensis 2-6
Jiayue LI1 , Miaofang CHEN1, Zhenyang LEI1, Zhenfeng LAI1, Lei WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, South China Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • 2Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030034
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目的:以红树林来源具葡聚糖酶活性的菌株Bacillus velezensis 2-6为研究对象,从其发酵上清液中分离、纯化和鉴定β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白,并对其酶学特征进行研究。方法:采用硫酸铵沉淀法和DEAE阴离子交换层析法分离菌株2-6发酵上清液中的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白,应用LC-MS/MS对纯化的活性蛋白进行鉴定。采用DNS法对纯化的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的酶学特征进行分析。采用薄层层析检测β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白对底物的降解活性,应用滤纸片法检测活性蛋白对植物病原菌的抑菌活性。结果:菌株2-6发酵上清液经80%硫酸铵沉淀和DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析纯化后,获得分子量大约为45 kDa的蛋白,其β-葡聚糖酶活性达到36956.5 U/mg。该蛋白经LC-MS/MS分析鉴定为葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖酶,由423个氨基酸组成,命名为GxylE-v26。GxylE-v26的最适酶反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH为4,低浓度(1 mmol/L)的Fe2+对GxylE-v26酶活有促进作用,中(10 mmol/L)、高(100 mmol/L)浓度的Fe2+、Ca2+、Mg2+和Ba2+可抑制GxylE-v26酶活力。GxylE-v26可水解昆布多糖,且对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的生长具有抑制作用,1 mg/mL的 GxylE-v26对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的抑菌圈直径分别为1 cm和1.1 cm。结论:从红树林来源菌株Bacillus velezensis 2-6的发酵上清液中分离纯化并鉴定得到了具有高效β-葡聚糖酶活性的蛋白分子GxylE-v26,该蛋白是一种能耐受较高温度的酸性酶,且对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的生长均具有抑制作用。

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌2-6  /  β-葡聚糖酶  /  DEAE层析  /  葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖酶

Objective: The aim of this work was to purify and identify the β-glucanase active protein from the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2-6 which originated from mangrove, and to investigate the enzymatic characteristics of the purified β-glucanase active protein. Methods: The ammonium sulfate precipitation method and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography were used to purify the β-glucanase active protein from the supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2-6. LC-MS/MS analysis was used to identify the purified protein. The enzyme activity of β-glucanase active protein was analyzed using DNS method. Thin layer chromatography was used to detect the degradation level of β-glucanase active protein on laminarin. Filter paper method was used to analyze the antibacterial activity of β-glucanase active protein on pathogenic microorganisms. Results: A protein with a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa was obtained from strain 2-6 fermentation supernatant by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion-exchange chromatography, and the β-glucanase activity of this protein reached 36956.5 U/mg. The purified protein was deduced as glucuronic acid xylanase by LC-MS/MS which consisted of 423 amino acids and named as GxylE-v26. The optimal enzyme reaction temperature of GxylE-v26 was 60 ℃ and the optimal pH was 4. Low concentration of Fe2+ (1 mmol/L) could promote the enzyme activity of GxylE-v26 while medium (10 mmol/L) and high (100 mmol/L) concentration of Fe2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ could inhibit the enzyme activity of GxylE-v26. GxylE-v26 could hydrolyze laminarin and exhibit inhibitory effects on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pantoea ananatis. The inhibition zone diameters of 1 mg/mL GxylE-v26 against S. aureus and P. ananatis were 1 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively. Conclusion: A β-glucanase active protein, named GxylE-v26, was purified and identified from the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2-6 which derived from mangrove. GxylE-v26 was an acid enzyme which could tolerate a certain degree of high temperature and possess antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pantoea ananas.

Bacillus velezensis 2-6  /  β-glucanase  /  DEAE chromatography  /  glucuronoxylanase
李嘉悦, 陈妙芳, 雷震阳, 赖震峰, 王磊. B. velezensis 2-6来源β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白GxylE-v26的纯化及酶学特征. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 198 -207 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030034
Jiayue LI, Miaofang CHEN, Zhenyang LEI, Zhenfeng LAI, Lei WANG. Purification and Characterization of β-Glucanase Activity Protein GxylE-v26 from B. velezensis 2-6[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 198 -207 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030034
β-葡聚糖酶是通过水解β-糖苷键使葡聚糖变为小分子低聚糖的酶,它们存在于许多原核生物和真核生物中,其分子量基本在40~140 kDa的范围内。在植物中,β-葡聚糖酶可以参与细胞壁的合成、重塑和更新,还能通过降解非自身的葡聚糖结构来调节共生和敌对植物及微生物的相互作用[1]。在细菌和真菌中,β-葡聚糖酶可以与其他水解酶一起参与纤维素的水解[2−3],协助水解植物细胞壁,导致植物细胞死亡[4−5]以及具有免疫刺激活性等[6]。此外,β-葡聚糖酶在抑菌方面也具有巨大的应用潜力,如β-1,3-葡聚糖酶可通过水解真菌菌丝上的葡聚糖来抑制菌丝的生长[7];来自哈茨木霉的β-1,3-D-葡聚糖酶能够抑制可可丛植菌的生长[8];球毛壳菌、枯草芽孢杆菌通过分泌β-1,3-葡聚糖酶来抑制稻瘟病菌的生长[9−10]。
β-葡聚糖酶在抑菌及其他各方面具有巨大的应用潜力,因此具有β-葡聚糖酶活性的蛋白质在生物质的高效降解和病原菌的生物防治领域均具有重要应用价值。但自然来源的野生菌株大多数产酶活性较低,人工诱变菌株和基因工程重组菌株由于生物安全因素不适合直接在自然界中使用。因此,需要挖掘高产β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白质的微生物菌株,尤其是高效且容易培养的芽孢杆菌,将其开发为高产β-葡聚糖酶的微生物菌剂,应用于工业生物质降解和农业生物防治产业。
红树林生态系统是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带的木本植物群落[11],是陆地与海洋之间过渡的一种特殊生态系统,因其环境的特殊性,也是世界上物种多样性最高的生态系统之一。红树林土壤中蕴含着丰富的细菌、真菌等微生物类群[12],其中富含许多能产生各种生理活性物质的微生物,如高产生物酶微生物菌株,其可以产纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素酶、淀粉酶和葡聚糖酶等,这些酶可以分解红树林生态系统中丰富的木质素、纤维素和淀粉等生物质[13]。这提供了一个发现新的生物酶以及能够高产生物酶的菌株的渠道。本实验室前期构建了红树林来源的微生物菌种库,为获得高产β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的微生物菌株,从广东省海陵岛红树林土壤中分离得到了多株具有β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的有益微生物,其中菌株Bacillus velezensis 2-6分泌的蛋白具有较高的β-葡聚糖酶活性,对其分泌的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白质进行分离纯化和鉴定,研究其酶学活性特征及应用价值,有助于挖掘高效产酶菌株、发现具有β-葡聚糖酶活性的新型蛋白质分子。
菌株B. velezensis 2-6 分离自广东省海陵岛红树林国家湿地公园土壤样品,并由本实验室保存;菌株金黄色葡萄球菌、菠萝泛菌、大肠杆菌、水稻恶苗病菌、新拟盘多毛孢菌 均为本实验室所保藏的菌株;菌株青枯劳尔氏菌 购买于广东省微生物保藏中心,编号为GDMCC 1.1561;氯化钠、氯化钡、氯化钙、氯化镁、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、硫酸铵、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、盐酸、葡萄糖、过硫酸铵、尿素、异丙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯 广州化学试剂厂;琼脂粉、30%丙烯酰胺(Acr-Bis)、5×SDS loading buffer 广州鼎国生物技术有限公司;Tryptone、Yeast extract OXOID公司;乙酸、甲醇、乙醇 天津市富宇精细化工有限公司; Omega细菌提取试剂盒(D3350-1) OMEGA BIO-TEK公司;10×Loading Buffer、DL2000 bp DNA Marker、DL5000 bp DNA Marker、TaKaRa LA Taq® TaKaRa公司;琼脂糖 Biowest;Tris、Dextran-40、TEMED(NT6033) 生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;羧甲基纤维素钠 天津市福晨化学试剂厂;昆布多糖 吉至生物;3,5-二硝基水杨酸 安耐吉化学;SDS 广州翔博生物科技有限公司;Glycine YING MAQ;考马斯亮蓝R250 Sigma;BCA试剂盒(PI208677) Thermo Scientific;透析袋(3500 D) Scientific Specia;DEAE-Sepharose FF(17-0709-01) Amersaham Pharmacia Biotech AB;Protein marker(PM2510) SMOBIO;透析袋(2000 D) 江苏麦格生物科技有限公司;多菌灵 四川国光农化公司;氨苄青霉素钠(Amp) 上海源叶生物;β-葡聚糖酶(30000 U/g) 麦克林生物有限公司;纤维素酶(50000 U/g) 江苏锐阳生物科技有限公司。
JWT-110电热鼓风干燥箱、LRH-250生化培养箱 上海一恒科学仪器有限公司;RZZ247-2005高压蒸汽灭菌锅 北京金海鑫压力容器制造有限公司;UV-2800紫外可见分光光度计 尤尼柯仪器有限公司;ETC811基因扩增仪 苏州东胜兴业科学仪器有限公司;043BR56466SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳仪 BIO-RAD;R1270/R170冻干机 CHRIST;H1750R高速台式冷冻离心机 湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司;Q Exactive高分辨质谱仪、Easy-nLC 1200高效液相色谱仪 Thermo Scientific;TNG-T98冷冻浓缩离心干燥器 太仓市华美生化仪器厂;Scientz-10N钟罩式冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司。
采用16S rDNA分子标签对从广东省海陵岛红树林土壤中分离得到的具有较高的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的菌株进行分子鉴定[14],其中该菌株编号为2-6。采用细菌DNA提取试剂盒提取菌株2-6的DNA,以提取出的DNA为模板,以Eubac27F(AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG)和 Eubac1492R(GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT)为引物扩增16S rDNA基因,PCR反应程序为:94 ℃预变性5 min;94 ℃变性30 s、55 ℃复性30 s、72 ℃延伸1 min,变性、复性和延伸的过程循环35次,最后72 ℃延伸10 min。PCR产物经1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测后,由广州擎科生物技术有限公司进行测序。将测序所得16S rDNA序列,经NCBI进行blast同源性分析,利用MEGA7.0软件Neighbor-joining法对目的基因及同源序列构建系统进化树,对系统发育树进行检验采用自举法(bootstrap),重复1000次,以确定分离菌株的种属。
将菌株2-6甘油菌在LB平板上划线进行活化,37 ℃培养16 h,挑取单菌落,接种至50 mL液体LB培养基中,37 ℃、220 r/min培养24 h得到种子液。按2%接种量将种子液接种到500 mL的LB液体培养基中,37 ℃、220 r/min培养24 h后,取适量发酵菌液,使用紫外分光光度计测定其OD600,同时将菌液4 ℃、8000 r/min离心,获得发酵上清液,对其进行酶活测定后,用于β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的纯化。
采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法[15]进行粗蛋白的分离。对菌株2-6发酵上清液逐级进行30%、80%硫酸铵浓度的沉淀,然后于4 ℃、8000 r/min离心30 min,收集沉淀蛋白。将沉淀溶解在0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)缓冲液中,用3500 D的透析袋透析,每4 h更换一次透析液(0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl,pH7.5),共透析4次。透析后的粗蛋白用于酶活检测和酶活性蛋白的纯化。
用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析对上述硫酸铵沉淀获得的具有活性的粗蛋白组分进行纯化。首先用去离子水清洗DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow层析柱,后用5倍填料体积的0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)缓冲液平衡后,将透析后粗蛋白组分上样,分别用含有0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6和1.0 mol/L NaCl的0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)缓冲液洗脱层析柱,并收集洗脱液。将洗脱液各组分用3500 D透析袋,于0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)缓冲液中,置于4 ℃透析除盐后冷冻干燥,放−20 ℃冰箱备用。使用前溶解于0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)缓冲液中。
采用DNS法[16]对测试样品进行酶活的定量分析。
葡萄糖标准曲线的绘制:配制2 mg/mL的葡萄糖标准溶液,取不同体积的葡萄糖标准溶液并用蒸馏水补足至1 mL配制成终浓度为0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 mg/mL葡萄糖溶液。各取200 μL上述葡萄糖溶液,用蒸馏水定容至1 mL后加入2 mL的DNS溶液,煮沸显色5 min,冷却至室温,在540 nm下测定吸光值。以葡萄糖含量为横坐标,OD540值为纵坐标,绘制葡萄糖标准曲线,计算出葡萄糖标准曲线公式为y=0.7357x−0.052,R2=0.9901。
取100 μL测试样品和100 μL预先煮沸10 min的测试样品(空白对照)与100 μL 1%底物昆布多糖混合以测定蛋白样品的β-葡聚糖酶活性,50 ℃水浴反应30 min后,加水定容至1 mL,加入2 mL的DNS并煮沸5 min显色,待降温至室温后,于540 nm测定吸光值,根据葡萄糖标准曲线计算其还原糖含量并计算样品β-葡聚糖酶活性。本研究同时也以Dextran、羧甲基纤维素钠为底物对样品的α-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性进行了测定,Dextran、羧甲基纤维素钠的浓度均为1%。同时以10 mg/mL的β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶作为阳性对照以比较分离得到的蛋白样品与商品化酶的酶活性。酶活力单位定义为:在该反应条件下,平均每分钟催化底物产生1 μg葡萄糖所需的酶量作为一个酶活力单位(U)。计算公式如下:
$\rm X=N \times \frac{\Delta A}{TV} $
式中:X为计算所得的酶活,U/mL;N为稀释倍数;ΔA为实验组减去对照组吸光度值所对应葡萄糖标准曲线的还原糖含量,μg;T为孵育时间,min;V为酶液体积,mL。
比酶活的计算方法为:
$\rm 比酶活=\frac{X}{C} $
式中:比酶活的单位为U/mg; X为酶活,U/mL;C为蛋白浓度,mg/mL。
采用Bradford法进行蛋白浓度的测定,操作步骤参照《蛋白技术手册》[17],分别用紫外分光光度计测出不同浓度BSA溶液、1.2.2中粗分离后以及纯化后的蛋白溶液在波长595 nm处的吸光度值,根据标准蛋白溶液曲线,计算出蛋白浓度。
对1.2.2中硫酸铵沉淀后的粗蛋白、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow纯化后的蛋白参照《蛋白质技术手册》[17]进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳。分离胶浓度为12%,浓缩胶浓度为5%。
切取目标蛋白条带委托上海欧易生物医学科技有限公司进行LC-MS/MS(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry)质谱分析测序。实验采用Ultimate 3000nano超高效液相串联Q Exactive plus高分辨质谱仪进行[18]。所得质谱数据经ProteinPilot数据库检索分析。
为探究纯化蛋白的最适酶反应温度,将浓度为0.02 mg/mL的纯化蛋白与同体积的1%昆布多糖溶液混合,分别于10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90 ℃孵育30 min,按照1.2.3的方法测定酶活(X),与45 ℃,pH为7.5条件下反应30 min测得的酶活(X0)相比,计算相对酶活:
$\rm 相对酶活({\text{%}})=\frac{X}{X_0}\times 100$
本实验将浓度为0.02 mg/L的酶液分别置于50、60、70 ℃下进行水浴后,每30 min取样,与同体积的1%昆布多糖溶液混合,孵育30 min测定样品的β-葡聚糖酶活性。与进行水浴前的酶液测得的酶活相比,计算其经不同温度处理后的相对酶活,以探究纯化后蛋白的热稳定性。
分别将纯化蛋白溶解在pH为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,终浓度为0.02 mg/mL,同时配制成相对应pH的1%昆布多糖溶液。将两者等体积混合,45 ℃孵育30 min,按照1.2.3的方法测定酶活(X),与45 ℃、pH为7条件下反应30 min测得的酶活(X0)相比,计算不同反应pH的相对酶活。
为探究纯化蛋白的pH稳定性,分别将纯化蛋白溶解在pH为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10的Tris-HCl缓冲液中,终浓度为0.02 mg/mL,然后于室温处理30 min后,再加入不同pH的1%昆布多糖溶液中,45 ℃孵育30 min,然后用DNS法测定其酶活,与pH为7条件下静置30 min测得的酶活相比计算其相对酶活。
分别配制浓度为2、20和200 mmol/L的CaCl2、MgCl2、FeCl2和BaCl2的Tris-HCl(pH7.5)溶液,分别用上述溶液溶解纯化蛋白至终浓度为0.02 mg/mL,分别用同体积的Tris-HCl缓冲液配制1%的昆布多糖溶液,使最终反应体系内离子的浓度分别为1、10和100 mmol/L。测定其β-葡聚糖酶活性(X),与不含离子的反应条件下测得的酶活(X0)相比,计算相对酶活。
分别配制含有20%、40%、60%的甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇及乙酸乙酯的Tris-HCl(pH7.5)溶液,并分别用上述溶液溶解纯化蛋白至终浓度为0.02 mg/mL,将酶液与同体积的Tris缓冲液配制1%的昆布多糖溶液混合,使最终反应体系内有机试剂的浓度分别为10%、20%和30%。测定其β-葡聚糖酶活性(X),与不含有机试剂的反应条件下测得的酶活相比(X0),计算相对酶活。
分别配制含有4%、6%、8%的SDS、EDTA、尿素、吐温-20和β-巯基乙醇的Tris-HCl(pH7.5)溶液,并分别用上述溶液溶解纯化蛋白至终浓度为0.02 mg/mL,分别加入同体积的Tris缓冲液配制1%的昆布多糖溶液,使最终反应体系内去污剂的浓度分别为2%、3%和4%。测定其β-葡聚糖酶活性(X),与不含去污剂的反应条件下测得的酶活(X0)相比,计算相对酶活。
经过上述的实验测得具β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白的最适酶反应条件,然后在该条件下采用薄层色谱层析法[19]分析不同酶解时间下纯化蛋白对昆布多糖的水解程度。点样20 μL酶解反应液,对照为D-葡萄糖溶液。然后将其放入加有TLC展开剂的层析缸中,进行展开。展开完全后,将层析板完全浸没在TLC显色剂中3 s,取出层析板,待表面液体沥干后放入90 ℃烘箱中烘干30 min,直至充分显色。
细菌抑制活性分析采用滤纸片法进行:将培养24 h的测试菌株加入到冷却至60 ℃左右的培养基中,混匀后倒平板。待平板中的培养基冷却凝固后,按“十”字均匀放置4枚大小一样的滤纸片。分别加入10 μL 5 mg/mL的氨苄青霉素(Amp,阳性对照),10 μL的0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5,阴性对照),以及1、2 mg/mL的β-葡聚糖酶活性纯化蛋白。置于适合指示菌生长的温度培养24~48 h,测量并记录产生抑菌圈的直径。
真菌抑制活性分析:将培养24 h的真菌培养液离心,制成悬浮孢子液。将不同指示真菌的孢子悬浮液均匀涂布于固体PDA培养基上,按“十”字均匀放置4枚大小一样的滤纸片。分别加入10 μL 10 mg/mL的多菌灵(阳性对照),10 μL的0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5,阴性对照),以及1、2 mg/mL的β-葡聚糖酶活性纯化蛋白。将培养皿置于恒温培养箱内培养5~7 d,测量并记录产生抑菌圈的直径。
酶活实验均重复3次;实验数据使用 IBM SPSS Statistics 26处理软件进行分析,结果采用平均值±标准差表示;绘图采用Origin 2021软件绘制;吸光度值为曲线增长阶段拟合线性方程后计算获得。
以菌株2-6的基因组DNA为模板扩增其16S rDNA序列,序列测定结果表明该片段由1422 bp组成,与图1a的琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果相符。将测序所得序列经NCBI进行blast比对,利用mega 7.0软件构建其与同源菌株的分子进化树(图1b),依据其同源性比较及进化树分析结果,菌株2-6被鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),命名为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌2-6(Bacillus velezensis 2-6)。
实验采用30%和80%浓度的硫酸铵对菌株2-6发酵上清液中具有葡聚糖酶活性的蛋白质进行粗分离,沉淀所得粗蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳检测结果如图2a所示。
菌株2-6 30%硫酸铵沉淀所得粗蛋白分子量主要在10~75 kDa之间,其中60~75 kDa范围内蛋白较密集,31 kDa左右和45 kDa左右有明显条带出现。2-6的80%沉淀所得蛋白成分较复杂,主要分布于7~75 kDa之间,蛋白条带在20~75 kDa范围内较为密集。所有硫酸铵沉淀及上清组分均在60~75 kDa范围内出现了条带。
应用DNS法检测菌株2-6硫酸铵沉淀所得粗蛋白的α-葡聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶的酶活性,结果如图2b所示。经过硫酸铵沉淀后,菌株2-6的80%硫酸铵沉淀组分的β-葡聚糖酶活性显著高于对照组商品化的β-葡聚糖酶活性(P<0.05),比酶活大于100 U/mg。2-6所得沉淀组分的α-葡聚糖酶活力均显著高于阳性对照的比酶活(P<0.05),但纤维素酶活力显著低于阳性对照(P<0.05)。综上所述,2-6的80%硫酸铵沉淀蛋白组分酶活最好,后续研究将对其80%硫酸铵沉淀所得蛋白进行进一步的分离纯化及酶活研究。
本实验采用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析法对菌株2-6的80%硫酸铵沉淀粗蛋白进行纯化,粗蛋白上样后,分别用含有0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6和1.0 mol/L NaCl的缓冲液进行洗脱,洗脱曲线如图3a所示。对不同洗脱组分进行SDS-PAGE电泳,结果如图3b所示,0.1 mol/L NaCl洗脱组分在大约45 kDa处出现一条主要蛋白条带,并且该洗脱组分内该蛋白占比约为95%。使用0.2 mol/L NaCl的缓冲液洗脱下的蛋白成分依然很复杂,但是能够看出60 kDa左右蛋白得到了富集。使用0.4 mol/L NaCl及后续的缓冲液洗脱组分均未看到明显的条带出现。
同时对纯化后得到的蛋白组分进行了α-葡聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶酶活性测定,结果如图3c所示,使用含有不同浓度NaCl缓冲液洗脱得到的蛋白均有β-葡聚糖酶活性,其中使用0.1 mol/L NaCl缓冲液洗脱组分的β-葡聚糖酶活性最高,且显著高于商品化的β-葡聚糖酶(P<0.05),比酶活达到了36956.5 U/mg。同时,该组分还具有较好的α-葡聚糖酶活性,比酶活达到了1147.8 U/mg。在所有洗脱组分中,1 mol/L NaCl缓冲液洗脱得到的蛋白具有较好的纤维素酶活性,比酶活为380.6 U/mg。
综上所述,可以确定0.1 mol/L NaCl缓冲液洗脱组分具有最高效的β-葡聚糖酶活性,且电泳结果发现,该组分有一条分子量为45 kDa的主条带,根据电泳结果推测该蛋白含量大约为95%,推测该条带的蛋白是一种具有高效β-葡聚糖酶活性的蛋白质。
采用LC-MS/MS质谱对上述纯化得到的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白进行分析鉴定,该蛋白酶解后的总离子流图结果如图4所示。所得质谱数据经ProteinPilot数据库检索分析,共鉴定到335个肽段和35种蛋白质。其中,一个注释为 Glucuronoxylanase的蛋白质与目标酶特性高度吻合(表1),共匹配20个特异性肽段(图5中红色标记),覆盖423个氨基酸序列的58%,同时其分子量为47.8 kDa与图3纯化蛋白的SDS-PAGE结果一致。综上所述,推测本论文所得蛋白为一种Glucuronoxylanase,并将其命名为GxylE-v26。但本研究的纯化蛋白表现出显著的β-葡聚糖酶活性,因此葡萄糖醛酸木聚糖酶GxylE-v26可能具有底物广谱性或双功能催化特性[20−23],且推测GxylE-v26可能属于部分成员具有β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性的GH30家族[24],即GxylE-v26也具有β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性,但是在本研究当中还未通过实验进行其酶切机理的验证,仍然需要在后续进行更深入的研究来探索与证实。
本研究测定了不同温度下GxylE-v26降解昆布多糖的活性,以探索GxylE-v26的最适反应温度,研究结果表明(图6),在反应温度在10~60 ℃之间,酶活力随着温度的升高而上升,在60 ℃时,相对酶活力达到最高(167%)。反应温度超过70 ℃后,酶活力随着温度的升高而下降,推测过高的反应温度会使蛋白部分变性导致酶活性降低,而当反应温度达到90 ℃时,GxylE-v26仍能保持58%的酶活。综上可得该酶具有较高的最适反应温度,说明该酶在较高温度的工业应用中具有较大的潜力。
本研究测定了GxylE-v26在三种不同温度处理不同时间的酶活性,以分析GxylE-v26酶的温度稳定性。研究结果(图7)表明:50 ℃处理150 min内对GxylE-v26的酶活力基本没有影响,在处理150 min后依然留有90%以上的酶活。而在60 ℃环境下随着处理时间的增加,GxylE-v26酶活力逐渐降低,在处理时间不超过60 min时,可保持58%的酶活性,但在处理时间达到150 min后,仅能保持14%的相对酶活力。该酶在70 ℃环境下处理30 min基本丧失酶活力。上述结果说明,该酶对于温度较敏感,可以耐受50 ℃的温度处理。
GxylE-v26的最适温度与热稳定性结果的差异可能源于高温下酶构象可能更利于与底物结合,因此在60 ℃时酶活性最高,但长时间暴露导致不可逆变性,导致稳定性下降。在本研究中GxylE-v26展现出了60 ℃的最适催化活性和50 ℃下的长期稳定性,同时其在90 ℃保留58%活性,体现出具有独特的短时高温耐受性,拓宽了其在高温工业场景的应用潜力,相比于已有报道的β-葡聚糖酶具有更加优势的特性[25−27]。
如图8所示,本研究测定了不同pH环境下的GxylE-v26的酶活性,其中在pH4的酶反应条件下,GxylE-v2的酶活最高,相对酶活达120%;在pH为4~6的环境下,GxylE-v2的相对酶活均为100%以上,说明该酶的最适反应条件为弱酸性环境。但过酸的环境(pH3)会使该酶活性降低。同时,该酶在pH为10的条件下依然有57%的相对酶活。说明该酶是一种弱酸性偏好酶,其pH适用范围较广。
由图9的结果可知,pH中性环境较利于GxylE-v26的储存,酸性和碱性的环境都会使该酶的酶活降低,而相较于酸性环境,碱性环境对其酶活造成的损失较大,说明该酶应远离碱性的储存环境。同时,GxylE-v26在不同pH环境下30 min后,酶活损失不大,基本都有65%以上的酶活性。说明该酶对于环境的酸碱变化不敏感,具有很高的应用潜力。
本实验设置了三个不同的金属离子浓度梯度,来探究不同金属离子对GxylE-v26酶活性的影响,结果如图10所示,低浓度(1 mmol/L)的Ca2+、Mg2+和Ba2+对于GxylE-v26酶活力没有明显影响,中高浓度的Ca2+、Mg2+和Ba2+对于GxylE-v26酶活力有抑制作用。Fe2+对于GxylE-v26酶活力的影响与浓度相关:低浓度(1 mmol/L)时对GxylE-v26的酶活有促进作用,中浓度(10 mmol/L)时对GxylE-v26酶活有较大程度的抑制,相对酶活为50%左右;高浓度(100 mmol/L)的Fe2+极大地抑制了GxylE-v26酶活力,相对酶活降到10%以下。Fe2+产生这种双重效应结果的可能原因是低浓度的Fe2+通过氧化还原调节或辅助因子结合的方式增强催化效率[28−29],而中高浓度的Fe2+可能氧化成Fe3+与羟基自由基(-OH)改变酶结构或Fe2+与酶表面的羧酸基团结合,导致不可逆的沉淀或聚集,抑制酶的活性。
本实验设置了三个不同的有机试剂浓度梯度,来判断不同有机试剂对GxylE-v26酶活性的影响,由图11可知,醇类试剂:甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇对于GxylE-v26酶活力均具有抑制作用,且抑制作用随着有机试剂浓度的升高而增加,可能与溶剂的极性降低和酶分子脱水效应相关,导致酶结构松散或与底物结合受阻。三种浓度的乙酸乙酯对GxylE-v26酶活性的抑制基本一致,可能因其低极性难以渗透进酶活性中心,仅通过表面吸附干扰酶-底物相互作用,为其在非水相催化中的应用提供可能。低浓度的正丁醇对GxylE-v26酶活力影响较小,中高浓度下对酶活的抑制作用较显著(P<0.05),且基本一致,可能与其双亲性结构破坏酶疏水核心相关。
本实验分别设置三种不同的去污剂浓度,分析去污剂对GxylE-v26酶活性的影响。由图12可知,SDS浓度为2%时,对GxylE-v26酶活力具有促进作用,相对酶活可达到122%,但当浓度为3%和4%时,SDS对GxylE-v26酶活力具有抑制作用,相对酶活分别下降为66%和62%。低浓度的SDS对GxylE-v26酶活的促进作用可能因为SDS部分破坏酶表面疏水相互作用[30],暴露活性中心或增强底物结合效率,而中高浓度的抑制作用则是因为SDS过度变性酶蛋白,破坏其三级结构。三种浓度的EDTA和尿素对GxylE-v26的酶活力均具有抑制作用,且抑制作用随浓度升高而增强。
本实验以D-葡萄糖为Marker,通过薄层色谱层析法检测了GxylE-v26不同水解时间对昆布多糖的水解水平。薄层色谱层析结果如图13所示,随着水解时间的延长,高分子量多糖条带变浅,低分子多糖条带变深,且在D-葡萄糖相应的位置出现条带,表示水解产物有单糖出现。推测随着水解时间延长,昆布多糖水解产物内低分子量多糖含量逐步增多,高分子量多糖含量逐步减少,部分昆布多糖被水解为单糖,表明GxylE-v26的水解时间越长,昆布多糖水解得越彻底。
本实验以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、青枯菌劳尔氏菌、菠萝泛菌、水稻恶苗病菌和新拟盘多毛孢菌为指示菌,测定了GxylE-v26酶对这几种菌的抑制作用。结果如图14所示,两种浓度(1 mg/mL和2 mg/mL)的GxylE-v26对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的生长均具有抑制作用,1 mg/mL对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为1 cm、对菠萝泛菌的抑菌圈直径为1.1 cm,2 mg/mL 对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为1.1 cm、对菠萝泛菌的抑菌圈直径为1.2 cm。而GxylE-v26对大肠杆菌、青枯菌劳尔氏菌、水稻恶苗病菌和新拟盘多毛孢菌的生长没有抑制作用。推测其对于病原细菌具有一定的抑制作用。
本研究以红树林来源具葡聚糖酶活性的Bacillus velezensis 2-6为研究对象,从其发酵上清液中分离、纯化和鉴定β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白,结果分离得到了具有高活性(比酶活达36956.5 U/mg)的β-葡聚糖酶活性蛋白GxylE-v26。同时对GxylE-v26的酶学特征进行研究,发现该酶在50 ℃环境下处理150 min后依然有超过90%的酶活,且其水解昆布多糖的最适反应温度为60 ℃,说明GxylE-v26是一种能够耐受较高温度的酶,同时GxylE-v26的最适酶反应pH为4.0,且pH在4.0~10的范围内均保持了较高的活性,说明其在反应温度较高以及酸性的工业环境中均具有很大的应用潜力。除此之外,GxylE-v26在浓度为1 mg/mL和2 mg/mL时对金黄色葡萄球菌和菠萝泛菌的生长均具有抑制作用,这对GxylE-v26在抑菌方面的进一步研究提供了重要依据。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030034
  • 接收时间:2025-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05
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    1华南农业大学材料与化学工程学院化工与制药系,绿色农药全国重点实验室,广东广州 510642
    2华南农业大学,广东省木本饲料工程技术研究中心,广东广州 510642

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王磊(1972−),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:微生物资源与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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