Article(id=1320889216012239031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741104000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854130032, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854130032, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854130032, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854130032, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=249, endPage=258, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889216280674488, articleId=1320889216012239031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Optimizing the Preparation Process and Antioxidant Activity of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Peptide from Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel, columnId=1261343843090313538, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Processing Technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To achieve high-value development and use of the abundant Cinnamomum camphora seed resources in China and screen the α-glucosidase inhibitor peptides derived from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel (CCSK), the aim of this study was to produce α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from CCSK by optimizing CCSK protein enzymatic hydrolysis conditions through single-factor experiments and orthogonal tests. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were used as evaluation indexes. Subsequently, the amino acid composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the obtained α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides were analyzed. The results revealed that the following were the optimal conditions of CCSK protein enzymatic hydrolysis: papain as the hydrolase; substrate concentration of 2% (w/v), hydrolysis temperature of 55 ℃, pH of 6.0, hydrolysis duration of 2.0 h, and an enzyme addition of 16000 U/g. At these conditions, the DH of the obtained CCSK α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides was 26.81%, while their median inhibition rates (IC50 values) on α-glucosidase, DPPH free radicals, and ABTS+ free radicals were 11.52, 5.42, and 0.64 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for production of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from CCSK.

, authors=Weiyun WANG1, 2, Ningyao HAN1, 2, Yifang GAO1, 3, Ping YU1, 3, Zheling ZENG1, 2, 4, Xianghui YAN1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=Weiyun WANG, Ningyao HAN, Yifang GAO, Ping YU, Zheling ZENG, Xianghui YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xianghui YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889219531260105, articleId=1320889216012239031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性, columnId=1261343845481066826, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=工艺技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为高值化开发利用我国资源丰富的樟树籽、筛选樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,本研究以樟树籽仁蛋白为原料,采用水解度(DH)和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率作为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化制备得到樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,并测定分析其氨基酸组成和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的最优酶解工艺为:以木瓜蛋白酶为水解酶,底物浓度为2%(w/v)、酶解温度为55 ℃、酶解pH为6.0、酶解时间为2.0 h、酶添加量为16000 U/g,该条件下樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物的DH为26.81%。制得的樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽对α-葡萄糖苷酶、DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的半数抑制率(IC50值)分别为11.52、5.42和0.64 mg/mL。本研究为樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的挖掘提供了理论依据。

, authors=王炜芸1, 2, 韩泞遥1, 2, 高艺芳1, 3, 余平1, 3, 曾哲灵1, 2, 4, 鄢祥辉1, 2, 4, *, authorsList=王炜芸, 韩泞遥, 高艺芳, 余平, 曾哲灵, 鄢祥辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=鄢祥辉, authorNote=

王炜芸(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
鄢祥辉(1995−),男,博士,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=P1Ea3J+dUUTjhabYXpTRdw==, magXml=VZvkNp2cr+X01N2GnVP+3g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=GHa+WbzxxZmIeVqPXYeozg==, pdfFileSize=1390106, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oEGgbhxhoBqovViVRT8bcw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dW5+etwtNOjPU6dKqlQJxQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320889220101685463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2497175570@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320889220189765850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, authorId=1320889220101685463, language=EN, stringName=Weiyun WANG, firstName=Weiyun, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1State of Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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王炜芸(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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王炜芸(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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注:不同字母代表同一指标不同样品间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),图2~图8同。

, figureFileSmall=x4AjjOyjisesN4WGyKltNQ==, figureFileBig=oEGgbhxhoBqovViVRT8bcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225013215500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis temperature on α-glucosidase inhibition rate and degree of hydrolysis of enzymatic products, figureFileSmall=QRUcFPJpnJWJ1BKakvfFVA==, figureFileBig=m2/kjEu90sSweU+I+h1PHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225189376269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图2, caption=酶解温度对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率与水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=QRUcFPJpnJWJ1BKakvfFVA==, figureFileBig=m2/kjEu90sSweU+I+h1PHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225269068046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of enzyme addition amount on α-glucosidase inhibition rate and degree of hydrolysis of enzymatic products, figureFileSmall=SMtOauLwE42BTg6Kd1Yx9w==, figureFileBig=UkXeNjf77IuyVmEgWu/Fdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225336176911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图3, caption=酶添加量对水解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率与水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=SMtOauLwE42BTg6Kd1Yx9w==, figureFileBig=UkXeNjf77IuyVmEgWu/Fdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225415868688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of substrate concentration on α-glucosidase inhibition rate and degree of hydrolysis of enzymatic products, figureFileSmall=BBT2yxq36cZhsa9WTImp5A==, figureFileBig=nraOvX1I8pLL3Vln6hVz1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225478783249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图4, caption=底物浓度对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率与水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=BBT2yxq36cZhsa9WTImp5A==, figureFileBig=nraOvX1I8pLL3Vln6hVz1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225558475026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis pH on α-glucosidase inhibition rate and degree of hydrolysis of enzymatic products, figureFileSmall=PooFiA1gHUM4Rj5Z+UADTQ==, figureFileBig=eZCNI2B/Jcs32/RKsu7JqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225629778195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图5, caption=酶解pH对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率与水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=PooFiA1gHUM4Rj5Z+UADTQ==, figureFileBig=eZCNI2B/Jcs32/RKsu7JqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225713664276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis time on α-glucosidase inhibition rate and degree of hydrolysis of enzymatic products, figureFileSmall=YN+ugQzQnhxI4q73POAy1A==, figureFileBig=0OPB71DKwQ+7WLC8IuAAhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889225784967445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图6, caption=酶解时间对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率与水解度的影响, figureFileSmall=YN+ugQzQnhxI4q73POAy1A==, figureFileBig=0OPB71DKwQ+7WLC8IuAAhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226019848470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=DPPH radical scavenging ability of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides derived from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein, figureFileSmall=YGjFm1E39wp7RaPINY7Sag==, figureFileBig=YrA9F50LkA2wVawGXa5CMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226091151639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图7, caption=樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的DPPH自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=YGjFm1E39wp7RaPINY7Sag==, figureFileBig=YrA9F50LkA2wVawGXa5CMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226175037720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=ABTS+ radical scavenging ability of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide derived from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein, figureFileSmall=Am8iJzgA7NLQoSg00qkA5g==, figureFileBig=WUssRLycSPz35jBE5bH26A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226250535193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=图8, caption=樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的ABTS+自由基清除能力, figureFileSmall=Am8iJzgA7NLQoSg00qkA5g==, figureFileBig=WUssRLycSPz35jBE5bH26A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889226313449754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of five proteases

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蛋白酶种类最适温度(℃)pH时间(h)酶添加量(U/g)
风味蛋白酶375.02.010000
酸性蛋白酶383.02.010000
碱性蛋白酶389.02.010000
木瓜蛋白酶405.02.010000
中性蛋白酶387.02.010000
), ArticleFig(id=1320889226401530139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

5种蛋白酶酶解条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白酶种类最适温度(℃)pH时间(h)酶添加量(U/g)
风味蛋白酶375.02.010000
酸性蛋白酶383.02.010000
碱性蛋白酶389.02.010000
木瓜蛋白酶405.02.010000
中性蛋白酶387.02.010000
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228368658716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Orthogonal experimental design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
酶解温度(℃)
A
酶添加量(U/g)
B
酶解pH
C
酶解时间(h)
D
145140005.01.5
255160005.52.0
365180006.02.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228607734046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平因素
酶解温度(℃)
A
酶添加量(U/g)
B
酶解pH
C
酶解时间(h)
D
145140005.01.5
255160005.52.0
365180006.02.5
), ArticleFig(id=1320889228960055583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Orthogonal test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号因素α-葡萄糖苷酶
抑制率(%)
A(℃)B(U/g)CD(h)
145140005.01.540.22
245160005.52.041.75
345180006.02.543.44
455140005.52.546.38
555160006.01.547.66
655180005.02.041.75
765140006.02.036.48
865160005.02.538.00
965180005.51.532.79
K141.80340.22339.99041.027
K245.26342.60740.30742.470
K335.75739.99342.52739.327
R9.5062.6142.5373.143
), ArticleFig(id=1320889229035553056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号因素α-葡萄糖苷酶
抑制率(%)
A(℃)B(U/g)CD(h)
145140005.01.540.22
245160005.52.041.75
345180006.02.543.44
455140005.52.546.38
555160006.01.547.66
655180005.02.041.75
765140006.02.036.48
865160005.02.538.00
965180005.51.532.79
K141.80340.22339.99041.027
K245.26342.60740.30742.470
K335.75739.99342.52739.327
R9.5062.6142.5373.143
), ArticleFig(id=1320889229463372065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Amino acid composition of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides derived from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨基酸樟树籽仁蛋白
(g/100 g)
樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶
抑制肽(g/100 g)
天冬氨酸(Asp)7.63±0.47a7.44±0.33a
丝氨酸(Ser)4.43±0.22a4.72±0.21a
苏氨酸(Thr)2.25±0.17a2.11±0.11a
谷氨酸(Glu)17.15±0.90a16.54±0.77a
甘氨酸(Gly)3.27±0.17b4.79±0.19a
丙氨酸(Ala)3.39±0.07a2.95±0.13b
半胱氨酸(Cys)0.90±0.25a0.86±0.07a
缬氨酸(Val)3.59±0.20b4.75±0.28a
蛋氨酸(Met)1.18±0.00a1.19±0.04a
异亮氨酸(Ile)2.77±0.19a1.48±0.34b
亮氨酸(Leu)5.65±0.36a4.31±0.03b
酪氨酸(Tyr)4.79±0.30a3.68±0.16b
苯丙氨酸(Phe)4.07±0.30a2.67±0.10b
组氨酸(His)3.12±0.24b4.61±0.23a
赖氨酸(Lys)4.31±0.22a3.08±0.13b
精氨酸(Arg)10.44±0.51a7.77±0.25b
脯氨酸(Pro)1.88±0.04b2.14±0.10a
总氨基酸80.82±4.59a71.49±2.72b
疏水性氨基酸/总氨基酸(%)26.89±0.30b30.06±0.38a
), ArticleFig(id=1320889230251901218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889216012239031, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的氨基酸组成

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氨基酸樟树籽仁蛋白
(g/100 g)
樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶
抑制肽(g/100 g)
天冬氨酸(Asp)7.63±0.47a7.44±0.33a
丝氨酸(Ser)4.43±0.22a4.72±0.21a
苏氨酸(Thr)2.25±0.17a2.11±0.11a
谷氨酸(Glu)17.15±0.90a16.54±0.77a
甘氨酸(Gly)3.27±0.17b4.79±0.19a
丙氨酸(Ala)3.39±0.07a2.95±0.13b
半胱氨酸(Cys)0.90±0.25a0.86±0.07a
缬氨酸(Val)3.59±0.20b4.75±0.28a
蛋氨酸(Met)1.18±0.00a1.19±0.04a
异亮氨酸(Ile)2.77±0.19a1.48±0.34b
亮氨酸(Leu)5.65±0.36a4.31±0.03b
酪氨酸(Tyr)4.79±0.30a3.68±0.16b
苯丙氨酸(Phe)4.07±0.30a2.67±0.10b
组氨酸(His)3.12±0.24b4.61±0.23a
赖氨酸(Lys)4.31±0.22a3.08±0.13b
精氨酸(Arg)10.44±0.51a7.77±0.25b
脯氨酸(Pro)1.88±0.04b2.14±0.10a
总氨基酸80.82±4.59a71.49±2.72b
疏水性氨基酸/总氨基酸(%)26.89±0.30b30.06±0.38a
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樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性
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王炜芸 1, 2 , 韩泞遥 1, 2 , 高艺芳 1, 3 , 余平 1, 3 , 曾哲灵 1, 2, 4 , 鄢祥辉 1, 2, 4, *
食品工业科技 | 工艺技术 2026,47(5): 249-258
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食品工业科技 |工艺技术 2026 , 47 (5) : 249 -258
樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性
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王炜芸(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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王炜芸1, 2 , 韩泞遥1, 2, 高艺芳1, 3, 余平1, 3, 曾哲灵1, 2, 4, 鄢祥辉1, 2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江西南昌 330047
  • 2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330031
  • 3南昌大学化学化工学院,江西南昌 330031
  • 4农产品质量安全江西省重点实验室,江西南昌 330047
通讯作者:
鄢祥辉(1995−),男,博士,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

王炜芸(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Optimizing the Preparation Process and Antioxidant Activity of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Peptide from Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel
Weiyun WANG1, 2 , Ningyao HAN1, 2, Yifang GAO1, 3, Ping YU1, 3, Zheling ZENG1, 2, 4, Xianghui YAN1, 2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1State of Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
  • 2College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
  • 3School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
  • 4Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality, Nanchang 330047, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030027
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为高值化开发利用我国资源丰富的樟树籽、筛选樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,本研究以樟树籽仁蛋白为原料,采用水解度(DH)和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率作为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验优化制备得到樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,并测定分析其氨基酸组成和体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的最优酶解工艺为:以木瓜蛋白酶为水解酶,底物浓度为2%(w/v)、酶解温度为55 ℃、酶解pH为6.0、酶解时间为2.0 h、酶添加量为16000 U/g,该条件下樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物的DH为26.81%。制得的樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽对α-葡萄糖苷酶、DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的半数抑制率(IC50值)分别为11.52、5.42和0.64 mg/mL。本研究为樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的挖掘提供了理论依据。

樟树籽仁  /  酶解  /  生物活性肽  /  水解度  /  α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率  /  抗氧化活性  /  氨基酸组成

To achieve high-value development and use of the abundant Cinnamomum camphora seed resources in China and screen the α-glucosidase inhibitor peptides derived from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel (CCSK), the aim of this study was to produce α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from CCSK by optimizing CCSK protein enzymatic hydrolysis conditions through single-factor experiments and orthogonal tests. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were used as evaluation indexes. Subsequently, the amino acid composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the obtained α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides were analyzed. The results revealed that the following were the optimal conditions of CCSK protein enzymatic hydrolysis: papain as the hydrolase; substrate concentration of 2% (w/v), hydrolysis temperature of 55 ℃, pH of 6.0, hydrolysis duration of 2.0 h, and an enzyme addition of 16000 U/g. At these conditions, the DH of the obtained CCSK α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides was 26.81%, while their median inhibition rates (IC50 values) on α-glucosidase, DPPH free radicals, and ABTS+ free radicals were 11.52, 5.42, and 0.64 mg/mL, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for production of α-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from CCSK.

Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel  /  enzymatic hydrolysis  /  bioactive peptide  /  degree of hydrolysis  /  α-glucosidase inhibition rate  /  antioxidant activity  /  amino acid composition
王炜芸, 韩泞遥, 高艺芳, 余平, 曾哲灵, 鄢祥辉. 樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的制备工艺优化及其抗氧化活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 249 -258 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030027
Weiyun WANG, Ningyao HAN, Yifang GAO, Ping YU, Zheling ZENG, Xianghui YAN. Optimizing the Preparation Process and Antioxidant Activity of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Peptide from Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 249 -258 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030027
糖尿病是由于体内胰岛素相对或绝对不足引起的糖、蛋白质和脂肪代谢紊乱的一种综合性病症,其特征为血糖和尿糖过高[1]。持续的高血糖和长期代谢紊乱等可导致全身组织器官,特别是肾[2]、眼[3]、神经系统及心血管[4]的损害和功能衰竭或障碍。严重者可引起电解质紊乱,失水和酸碱平衡失调等急性并发症,如酮症酸中毒和高渗昏迷。糖尿病发病率日益增多,已成为世界性的多发病、常见病,是仅次于肿瘤和心血管疾病的第三大疾病[5]。而α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂可限制肠道对碳水化合物的转化,从而降低餐后血糖[6]。该活性涉及对小肠内各种α-葡萄糖苷酶的竞争性抑制,降低淀粉分解为葡萄糖的速率,从而减缓肠道对葡萄糖的吸收[7]。
近年来,以植物蛋白作为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的潜在来源得到了广泛关注。例如,邓永蓉等[8]将蚕豆蛋白经蛋白酶酶解后,再通过膜分离技术制备得到分子量为3~5 kDa的酶解多肽,当浓度为32 mg/mL时其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率可达86.56%。Yang等[9]通过蛋白酶酶解花生蛋白,其酶解多肽表现出良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制效果,其半数抑制率(IC50值)为5.63 mg/mL。Hu等[10]从发酵米糠中分离出新型寡肽,当浓度达到12 mg/mL时其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为30%。薛森等[11]将β-伴大豆球蛋白进行胃肠道模拟消化,通过虚拟筛选和药物动力学方法获得了多个α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,其中四肽EASY对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值为208.6 μg/mL。以上研究均表明植物蛋白来源的多肽具有作为α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的潜在应用价值。
我国樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)资源十分丰富,樟树主要生长于我国淮河以南、珠江以北亚热带区域的15个省市。据估算,我国现有樟树的樟树籽年产量达1100万吨以上、居世界首位[12]。但目前,大部分樟树籽仍处于自熟落果、无人收购状态,既污染环境又造成了严重的资源浪费。樟树籽仁的营养成分丰富,其籽仁含油脂(56%~62% w/w)、蛋白质(18%~25% w/w),是全球唯一、中国独有的天然中链油(中链脂肪酸含量达95%以上)资源。樟树籽仁蛋白的必需氨基酸含量丰富(33.33%),与大豆分离蛋白(32.45%)相近。此外,樟树籽仁蛋白还含有丰富的疏水性氨基酸(丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸等)[13]。研究表明,多肽中疏水性氨基酸的含量与其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性呈正相关[14−15]。因此,樟树籽仁蛋白是制备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的良好来源,而关于樟树籽仁蛋白的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和潜在抗糖尿病作用未见报道。
酶法水解食品蛋白质制备生物活性肽具有绿色安全、过程易控制、条件温和、生产成本低和易规模化生产等特点,在实际生产中应用最广[16]。酶法水解主要是通过生物酶破坏主链中的肽键修饰蛋白质结构,从而达到改善蛋白质功能特性(溶解性、起泡性、凝胶性、乳化性等)和生物活性(抗氧化、抑菌、降血糖、降压等)的目的[17−18]。随着人口的急剧增长,动物资源的短缺直接限制了降血糖相关资源的获取,如动物多糖[19]、动物蛋白肽[20]等。反之,植物蛋白来源丰富且获取成本低,从植物蛋白中获取和利用降血糖肽是当前研究的新趋势[21]。
本研究以樟树籽仁蛋白为原料,以樟树籽仁蛋白酶解液α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性为主要指标、水解度为辅助指标,通过单因素实验和正交优化得到酶解樟树籽仁蛋白的最适蛋白酶及其最佳酶解工艺参数,并对最佳工艺条件下制得的樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的氨基酸组成及体外抗氧化活性进行评价。旨在为高值化开发利用我国资源丰富的樟树籽提供理论依据,为植物源降血糖肽的酶法制备提供参考。
脱壳樟树籽仁 2023年12月从南昌大学青山湖校区(115°58′E/28°40′N)采摘新鲜成熟的樟树果实,洗净后依次经过脱果肉、烘干、脱壳处理,最后储存于4 ℃冰箱中;木瓜蛋白酶(8×105 U/g)、中性蛋白酶(9×104 U/g)、碱性蛋白酶(2×105 U/g)、酸性蛋白酶(3×104 U/g)、风味蛋白酶(4×104 U/g)、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)、6-羟基-2,5,7,8-四甲基色烷-2-羧酸(Trolox)、四硼酸二钠、L-酪氨酸、丝氨酸 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;α-葡萄糖苷酶(700 U/mL)、阿卡波糖、对硝基苯-α-葡萄糖苷 上海源叶生物科技有限公司。
BS223S电子天平 德国赛多利斯有限公司;PHS-2F pH计 上海精密科学仪器科技有限公司;Anke TGL-16G台式离心机 上海安亭科学仪器厂有限公司;DK-S26电热恒温水浴锅 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;SCIENTZ-18N真空冷冻干燥机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;TU-1950紫外分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限公司;ReadMax 1900光吸收型全波长酶标仪 上海闪谱生物科技有限公司。
原料预处理:将樟树籽仁用高速粉碎机粉碎后和正己烷以1:3(w/v)的比例混合,室温下连续搅拌12 h,经减压抽滤得到脱脂樟树籽仁。重复操作两次后,合并提取液,并在40 ℃真空旋转蒸发器中将正己烷蒸出,回收樟树籽仁油。脱脂樟树籽仁在通风橱中干燥12 h,过200目筛网,在4 ℃下保存备用。
樟树籽仁多酚去除:将脱脂樟树籽仁以料液比1:20(w/v)的比例分散在80%乙醇中,室温下搅拌提取2 h,经负压过滤得到多酚提取液。重复提取5次后(提取液接近无色),将固相置于通风橱中干燥12 h,用于下一步蛋白质的提取。
樟树籽仁蛋白提取:按彭婷[22]的工艺提取樟树籽仁蛋白,首先将去除多酚后的固相以料液比1:40(m/v)分散在蒸馏水中,调节体系的pH至7.6,在室温下搅拌提取2 h,离心(4000 r/min,10 min)收集上清液。然后调节上清液的pH至4.0使蛋白质充分沉淀,离心(4000 r/min,10 min)获得蛋白质沉淀物。将沉淀物重新分散在蒸馏水中,调节pH至7.0,离心(4000 r/min,10 min)去除不溶性杂质,收集上清液经冷冻干燥后获得樟树籽仁蛋白,在−20 ℃下保存备用。依据GB 5009.5-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》采用凯氏定氮法(折算系数N=6.25)测定冷冻干燥后樟树籽仁蛋白样品中蛋白质的含量为90.80%。
樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的制备参考梁荣等[23]的方法,并稍作修改。称取1.0 g冻干后的樟树籽仁蛋白,按比例溶解于超纯水中,分别加入适量蛋白酶并调至最适pH,置于水浴锅中调至最适温度水解一定时间。水解完成后置于95 ℃水浴中加热10 min灭酶,最后使用高速离心机以4800 r/min的转速离心10 min,收集上清液并调节pH调至7.0,经真空冷冻干燥后即可得到樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物。
在蛋白酶的最适pH与最适温度下,设置底物浓度为2.0%(w/v),分别使用碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶对樟树籽仁蛋白进行单酶水解2.0 h,依次经过高温灭酶、离心、调节pH、冷冻干燥后得到樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物。以樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率(1.2.3)和水解度(1.2.4)为指标,筛选得到最适蛋白酶用于后续的单因素实验研究。不同蛋白酶的酶解条件如表1所示。
基于1.2.2.1的结果,选用木瓜蛋白酶用于单因素实验研究。主要考察樟树籽仁蛋白酶解过程中酶解温度、加酶量、底物浓度、酶解pH及酶解时间5个因素对樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度的影响,并设置重复实验。
设置酶添加量为10000 U/g、pH为5.0、底物浓度为2%(w/v)和酶解时间为2.0 h,考察酶解温度变化(35、45、55、65、75 ℃)对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度的影响。
设置酶解温度为55 ℃、pH为5.0、底物浓度为2%(w/v)和酶解时间为2.0 h,考察酶添加量变化(10000、12000、14000、16000、18000 U/g)对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度的影响。
设置酶解温度为55 ℃,酶添加量为16000 U/g、pH为5.0和酶解时间为2.0 h,考察底物浓度(w/v)变化(1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度的影响。
设置酶解温度为55 ℃,酶添加量为16000 U/g、底物浓度为2%(w/v)和酶解时间为2.0 h,考察酶解pH变化(4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0)对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度的影响。
设置酶添加量为16000 U/g、酶解温度为55 ℃、pH为5.5和底物浓度为2%(w/v),考察时间变化(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 h)时,对酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度的影响。
基于单因素实验的结果,按照L9(34)正交设计表进行樟树籽仁蛋白酶解的工艺条件优化。以α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为考察指标,控制底物浓度为2%时选择酶解温度、酶添加量、酶解pH、酶解时间作为影响因素考察最优酶解条件,因素水平见表2。
参考陶强等[24]的方法稍作修改。向96孔板中分别加入70 μL 0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)稀释的样品溶液(浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1、2.5、5 mg/mL)和20 μL α-葡萄糖苷酶(700 U/mL)后,置于37 ℃恒温箱中孵育30 min。之后加入20 μL对硝基苯-α-葡萄糖苷(PNPG,10 mmol/L),混匀后置于37 ℃恒温箱中孵育20 min。结束后加入90 μL Na2CO3溶液(0.2 mol/L)终止反应,放置在酶标仪405 nm下检测吸光度值。以不加酶和样品的反应体系为空白,以阿卡波糖作为阳性对照。按公式(1)计算样品的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率,结果用IC50值表示。
$\rm \alpha \text{-}葡萄糖苷酶抑制率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{C-D}{A-B}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A表示不加样品组的吸光度值,B表示空白对照组的吸光度值,C表示样品组的吸光度值,D表示样品不加酶组的吸光度值。
参考Nielsen等[25]所述方法,采用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)法测定樟树籽仁蛋白水解物的水解度(DH)。首先,准确称量50 mg丝氨酸标准品溶解于蒸馏水中并定容至500 mL,配制得到丝氨酸标准液(0.9516 meqv/g,表示每g丝氨酸标准品所含肽键的毫摩尔数);然后,取400 μL丝氨酸标准液与3 mL OPA试剂(现配)混合,准确反应2 min后在波长340 nm波长下测定吸光度值(OD340)(去离子水做参比)。将樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物溶解于蒸馏水中并适当稀释后,取400 μL樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物溶液与3 mL OPA试剂(现配)混合,重复以上操作,测定吸光度值(OD340)。根据樟树籽仁蛋白的氨基酸组成和不同氨基酸相对分子质量[26]按公式(2和3)计算肽键总数(htot),获得值为7.47 mmol/g,然后按公式(4、5和6)计算DH。所有样品在同一条件下重复测定3次。
$\rm 肽键毫摩尔数(mmol)= \frac{\text{氨基酸含量}(\mathrm{g})}{\text{氨基酸相对分子}\mathrm{质量}} $
$ {\mathrm{h}}_{\text{tot}}(\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{\text{肽键毫摩尔数}(\mathrm{m}\text{mol})}{\text{蛋白质含量}(\mathrm{g})} $
$\begin{split} &\text{Ser}\mathrm{ine}{\text{-NH}}_{2}(\text{meqv}/\mathrm{g})=\\&\frac{{\text{OD}}_{\text{sample}}-{\text{OD}}_{\text{blank}}}{{\text{OD}}_{\text{standard}}-{\text{OD}}_{\text{blank}}}\times \frac{0.9516\;\text{meqv}}{\mathrm{L}}\times \frac{0.1\times 100}{\mathrm{X}\times \mathrm{P}}\end{split} $
$ \mathrm{h}=\frac{\text{Serine}{\text{-NH}}_{2}-\beta }{\alpha } $
$\rm \text{DH}(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{h}}{{\mathrm{h}}_{\text{tot}}}\times 100 $
式中:肽键毫摩尔数表示每100 g樟树籽仁蛋白样品中不同氨基酸的含量除以其相对分子质量的总和,mmol;氨基酸含量表示每100 g樟树籽仁蛋白样品中所含不同氨基酸的质量,g;htot表示每g樟树籽仁蛋白样品所含肽键的毫摩尔数,mmol/g;蛋白质含量为每100 g樟树籽仁蛋白样品中所含蛋白质的质量,g;Serine-NH2表示每g樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物中以丝氨酸标准品计算得到的肽键毫摩尔数当量,meqv/g;ODsample表示400 μL樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物溶液+3 mL OPA试剂的吸光度值(OD340);ODstandard表示400 μL丝氨酸标准液+3 mL OPA试剂的吸光度值(OD340);ODblank表示400 μL去离子水+3 mL OPA试剂的吸光度值(OD340);X表示樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物的质量,g;P表示樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物中蛋白的含量,%;L表示光径长度,cm;h表示换算后每g樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物所含肽键的毫摩尔数,mmol/g;系数α、β分别取数值1.00和0.40;DH表示樟树籽仁蛋白酶解物的水解度,%。使用BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒,按照使用说明书操作测定樟树籽仁蛋白酶解液中蛋白的含量。
依据GB 5009.124-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》的方法采用氨基酸全自动分析仪对样品进行氨基酸组成分析。样品前处理:准确称量20 mg樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽(蛋白含量84.09%,N=6.25)于20 mL安培管中,依次加入10 mL 6 mol/L HCl和1 g苯酚,充氮气10 min以排除空气,然后将安培管置于110 ℃烘箱中反应24 h使样品完全水解。水解完成后,将安培管取出、冷却、过滤,使用超纯水定容至50 mL,取适量样品置于干净培养皿中,60 ℃水浴蒸干后加入超纯水溶解,重复蒸干2次,然后加入2 mL样品稀释液(pH2.2)复溶,振荡混匀,过0.22 μm滤膜后用于进样分析。
依据GB/T 39100-2020《多肽抗氧化性测定 DPPH和ABTS法》的方法测定樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的DPPH自由基清除能力。精确称取DPPH粉末溶于无水乙醇中,配制得到浓度为0.004%(m/v)的DPPH溶液。精确称取樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,使用超纯水依次配制浓度为2、4、6、8、10 mg/mL的样品溶液。吸取1 mL样品溶液与3 mL DPPH溶液混合,摇匀后避光反应30 min,然后在517 nm波长处测定吸光度值(OD517)。按公式(7)计算DPPH自由基清除能力。
$\rm DPPH自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1 -\frac{A-B}{C-D}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A表示1 mL样品溶液+3 mL DPPH溶液的吸光度值(OD517),B表示1 mL样品溶液+3 mL无水乙醇的吸光度值(OD517),C表示1 mL超纯水+3 mL DPPH溶液的吸光度值(OD517),D表示1 mL超纯水+3 mL无水乙醇的吸光度值(OD517)。
依据GB/T 39100-2020《多肽抗氧化性测定 DPPH和ABTS法》的方法测定樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的ABTS+自由基清除能力。分别配制10 mL 3.84 mg/mL ABTS溶液和10 mL 0.66 mg/mL K2S2O8溶液,混合后避光反应过夜(12~16 h);取4 mL反应后的溶液于200 mL容量瓶中并使用超纯水定容,使其在734 nm下吸光度值为0.70±0.02,制得ABTS+工作液。精确称取樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,使用超纯水依次配制浓度为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg/mL的样品溶液。取1 mL样品溶液与3 mL ABTS+工作液混合,摇匀后避光反应30 min,然后在734 nm波长处测定吸光度值(OD734)。按公式(8)计算ABTS+自由基清除能力。
$\rm ABTS^+自由基清除率(\text{%})=\left(1 -\frac{A-B}{C-D}\right)\times 100 $
式中:A表示1 mL样品溶液+3 mL ABTS+工作液的吸光度值(OD734),B表示1 mL样品溶液+3 mL超纯水的吸光度值(OD734),C表示1 mL超纯水+3 mL ABTS+工作液的吸光度值,D表示4 mL超纯水的吸光度值(OD734)。
所有实验均做三次重复,结果以平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS22.0对实验数据进行统计学分析(P<0.05为具有显著性差异和统计学意义),利用Origin 2021软件对实验数据进行作图。
研究表明,小分子肽更容易以完整的形式被吸收进入人体代谢循环中,从而保持其生物活性[27]。蛋白的酶解效果与生成产物中肽链的长短直接相关,因而,要制备大量的小分子活性肽,就必须达到一定的酶解程度。本实验的目的是制备樟树籽仁源α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽,因此采用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度为评价指标,考察5种商业蛋白酶对樟树籽仁蛋白的酶解效果。如图1所示,对樟树籽仁蛋白酶解效果最佳的是木瓜蛋白酶,其酶解产物的水解度为12.99%,当样品浓度为10 mg/mL时,其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为27.84%;对樟树籽仁蛋白酶解效果最差的是碱性蛋白酶,当碱性蛋白酶酶解产物的浓度为10 mg/mL时,其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率仅为6.68%。不同樟树籽仁蛋白酶解液的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性不同,可能是由于不同蛋白酶对樟树籽仁蛋白的酶切位点不同,其中木瓜蛋白酶能更广泛地将蛋白质水解为C端带有芳香族或疏水性氨基酸的短肽链[28]。并且,C端含有芳香族氨基酸或疏水性氨基酸的肽链通常表现出较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性[29]。因此,选定木瓜蛋白酶为最适蛋白酶进行后续实验。
如图2所示,随着酶解温度的升高,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物(10 mg/mL)的水解度与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率呈现先上升后下降的趋势。在35 ℃至55 ℃区间内,水解度与抑制率呈上升趋势。酶解温度到达55 ℃时,水解度和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率均达到最大值,分别为18.93%和35.02%。在酶解温度低于55 ℃时,樟树籽仁蛋白分子结构随着温度的升高而逐渐展开,使其暴露出更多的酶切割位点,因此更有利于被木瓜蛋白酶水解[30]。当酶解温度为55 ℃至75 ℃区间时,酶解产物的水解度随着酶解温度的升高先下降后上升,但均显著低于55 ℃时的水解度(P<0.05);此外,酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率随着酶解温度的升高而显著下降(P<0.05),从35.02%降低至18.92%。温度影响酶对底物的催化反应,在最适温度以前,随着温度的升高,酶活力逐渐增大,因此水解度与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率也随之增大;超过最适温度后,木瓜蛋白酶的空间结构发生变化,使酶的催化作用减弱甚至丧失;继续升温会导致酶失活,导致底物蛋白的水解度和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率都降低[31]。因此,选定55 ℃作为最佳酶解温度进行后续实验。
如图3所示,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物(10 mg/mL)的水解度与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率随着酶添加量的增大而呈现先上升后下降趋势,在木瓜蛋白酶添加量16000 U/g时,酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最好,其抑制率为42.23%,水解度为21.91%。超过此添加量后,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率显著下降(P<0.05)。这是因为在酶添加量较少时,随着酶添加量的增加,酶与底物蛋白的接触更加充分,从而有利于水解反应的进行,底物蛋白可被持续酶解产生更多具有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的肽段,因此酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率在不断升高。随着酶添加量从16000 U/g增加至18000 U/g,蛋白酶可能会微量水解先前已生成并具备α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的氨基酸肽段,使肽段继续裂解(表现为水解度继续升高),丧失已有的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,降低酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率[29]。因此,选定16000 U/g作为最适酶添加量进行后续实验。
由图4可知,随着底物浓度增大,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率呈现先升高后下降的趋势。底物浓度达到2%,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率达到最大值43.23%,底物浓度继续增大导致α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率下降。这可能是由于底物蛋白浓度的增加影响了酶水解系统的流动性以及蛋白酶与底物之间接触表面的大小[32],在相同的酶解时间内,肽键断裂的速度下降,不能使酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率继续升高。对于水解度而言,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的水解度随着底物浓度增大而不断降低。这一现象可能是由底物浓度过高,酶解不完全导致的。基于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性为本研究的主要评价指标,因此选定2%作为最佳底物浓度进行后续实验。
如图5所示,pH在4.0~6.0范围内时,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度总体表现出先升高后降低的趋势。其中,在pH为4.0~5.5时,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的整体抑制效果随酸性的减弱而逐步增强;在pH为5.5时,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度达到最大值分别为46.34%和25.08%。继续增大酶解pH从5.5至6.0,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和水解度分别降低至42.81%和20.73%。这种现象的原因可能是偏酸或偏碱环境会在一定程度上破坏蛋白酶的结构稳定性,抑制蛋白酶的催化活性,从而导致酶解产物的水解度和抑制率降低[33]。因此,选定pH5.5为最佳酶解pH进行后续实验。
如图6所示,在酶解2.0 h时,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率达到最大值为47.81%,此时水解度为24.26%。当继续延长酶解时间至3.0 h,樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物的水解度略有增加,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率略有下降,但无显著性变化(P>0.05)。这一现象的原因可能是随着酶解时间的延长,可被酶解的樟树籽仁蛋白的酶解位点数量减少,前期部分已被水解的蛋白肽可能被进一步水解成无α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率的氨基酸片段,导致酶解产物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率下降[34]。因此,选择2.0 h为最佳酶解时间进行后续实验。
根据单因素实验结果,对酶解温度、酶解pH、酶解时间、酶添加量进行L9(34)正交试验。由表3极差R大小可见,四种因素对樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率的效果影响依次为:酶解温度>酶解时间>酶添加量>酶解pH。结果表明,樟树籽仁蛋白最佳酶解工艺条件的组合为A2B2C3D2,即酶解温度为55 ℃、酶添加量为16000 U/g、酶解pH为6.0、酶解时间为2.0 h。在最佳工艺条件下,进行3次平行实验,得到樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽(10 mg/mL)的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为48.81%,高于正交试验组的最大值;在樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物浓度为0~20 mg/mL时,验证其IC50值为11.52 mg/mL。
多肽的生物活性与氨基酸组成直接相关。如表4所示,从樟树籽仁蛋白及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽中共检测出17种氨基酸,包括8种必需氨基酸和9种非必需氨基酸。樟树籽仁蛋白及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的总氨基酸含量分别为80.82 g/100 g和71.49 g/100 g,与蛋白质含量(分别为90.80%和84.09%)的结果一致,表明樟树籽仁蛋白及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽中不仅含有蛋白质,还可能含有糖类。樟树籽仁蛋白酶解产物中疏水性氨基酸(丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸)[35]含量占总氨基酸含量的30.06%,显著高于樟树籽仁蛋白的疏水性氨基酸含量26.89%(P<0.05)。研究表明,多肽中疏水性氨基酸的含量与其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性呈正相关[14−15]。因此,可通过进一步从樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽中富集纯化含有疏水性氨基酸的多肽,提高其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力。
研究表明,氧化应激是2型糖尿病的重要诱因之一[36]。在糖尿病的发生发展过程中,慢性高血糖持续促进活性氧(ROS)的产生并引发氧化应激,从而加剧了胰岛素抵抗,导致糖尿病持续进展和恶化。因此,有必要对樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的抗氧化能力进行评价。DPPH自由基清除能力可以反映食品来源生物活性物质的抗氧化特性[37]。如图7所示,樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的DPPH自由基清除能力随着样品浓度的增加而增加。在测定浓度范围内(2~10 mg/mL),樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的DPPH自由基清除率由15.93%增加至78.56%。当样品浓度达到10 mg/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率达到最大值为78.56%,其IC50值为5.42 mg/mL。
ABTS+自由基清除率可以反映体系内包括亲水性和疏水性肽在内的总抗氧化活性[38]。如图8所示,樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的ABTS+清除能力随着样品浓度的增加而增加。在测定浓度范围内(0.2~1.0 mg/mL),樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的ABTS+自由基清除率由28.37%增加至59.31%,其IC50值为0.64 mg/mL。综上,樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。
本实验以樟树籽仁蛋白为原料,以水解度及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为指标,筛选得到木瓜蛋白酶为酶解樟树籽仁蛋白的最适蛋白酶,通过单因素、正交优化试验得到木瓜蛋白酶酶解樟树籽仁蛋白的最佳条件为:底物浓度为2%(w/v)、酶解温度为55 ℃、酶解pH为6.0、酶解时间为2.0 h、加酶量为16000 U/g;在此条件下樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽(10 mg/mL)对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率为48.81%,IC50值为11.52 mg/mL。氨基酸组成分析结果显示樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽的疏水性氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的30.06%。并且,樟树籽仁蛋白α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制肽表现出良好的体外自由基清除活性。本研究丰富了植物源降血糖肽的来源,为实现樟树籽的高值化利用奠定了理论基础。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025030027
  • 接收时间:2025-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05
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    1南昌大学食品科学与资源挖掘全国重点实验室,江西南昌 330047
    2南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330031
    3南昌大学化学化工学院,江西南昌 330031
    4农产品质量安全江西省重点实验室,江西南昌 330047

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鄢祥辉(1995−),男,博士,研究方向:食物资源开发利用与生物质转化、生物活性资源开发与利用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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