Article(id=1320889268474597520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320888908896907909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020250, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854142540, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1772294400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854142540, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854142540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854142540, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320888908896907909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='503', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1772294400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854056809, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854056809, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=110, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889268638175377, articleId=1320889268474597520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of Dynamic High-pressure Microjet Combined with Enzyme-modified Treatment on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Pea Dietary Fiber-Caffeic Acid Complexes, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the impact of a combination of dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) and cellulase treatment on the structural and physicochemical properties of pea dietary fiber-caffeic acid (PDF-CA) complex. The experimental model involved subjecting PDF-CA to DHPM, followed by the addition of cellulase, with the objective of examining how the combination of DHPM and cellulase influenced the structure and physicochemical properties of PDF-CA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis revealed that the application of DHPM in conjunction with enzyme treatment led to a reduction in the size of the particles in the samples. The surface of the samples exhibited a rough and loose texture, and agglomeration occurred at an enzyme concentration of 3%. Fourier infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy indicated that the modification did not induce any alterations in the crystal structure of PDF-CA. Additionally, no novel functional groups were detected, although the degree of crystalline order diminished. Compared to untreated samples, modified PDF-CA exhibited improved water- and oil-holding capacities, as well as improved glucose and cholesterol adsorption capacities. Water and oil retention significantly increased at a treatment pressure of 60 MPa with two cycles and an enzyme concentration of 1%, rising from 6.4 g/g and 7.9 g/g to 8.9 g/g and 11.1 g/g respectively, representing increases of 39.1% and 40.5%. The glucose adsorption capacity showed the most pronounced increase after a single treatment at 60 MPa with 3% enzyme concentration, rising from 3.9 mg/g to 13.6 mg/g with an increase of 248.7%. The most significant improvement in cholesterol adsorption capacity was observed after three 60 MPa treatments at a 1% enzyme concentration, with increases from 6.6 g/g (pH2) and 6.7 g/g (pH7) to 14.5 g/g and 13.2 g/g representing respective increases of 119.7% and 97.0%. In summary, the combined use of DHPM and enzymatic modification effectively improved the physicochemical properties of PDF-CA, providing theoretical support for its application in modification and processing of dietary fibre-polyphenol complexes.

, authors=Haimei BAI, Quancheng ZHOU, Qinshuo HAN, Xinlin WEI, Xiaoyu XU, Zixuan YAN, Saifei HAO, Guihua SHENG*, authorsList=Haimei BAI, Quancheng ZHOU, Qinshuo HAN, Xinlin WEI, Xiaoyu XU, Zixuan YAN, Saifei HAO, Guihua SHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guihua SHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889270617886882, articleId=1320889268474597520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=动态高压微射流联合酶改性处理对豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸复合物结构及理化特性影响, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文通过动态高压微射流技术(Dynamic high pressure microfluidization,DHPM)联合纤维素酶,对豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸(Pea dietary fiber-caffeic acid,PDF-CA)复合物进行改性处理,探究DHPM联合酶处理对PDF-CA结构及理化特性的影响。粒径和扫描电镜表明,经DHPM联合酶处理后,样品粒径尺寸降低,表面粗糙松散,且在酶浓度为3%时发生团聚现象;红外与X射线衍射表明,改性不会引起PDF-CA的晶体结构改变,未产生新官能团,但晶体有序度下降。与未经DHPM处理样品相比,处理后PDF-CA的持水性、持油性,葡萄糖吸附能力、胆固醇吸附能力均有所改善。持水性、持油性在处理压力为60 MPa处理2次,酶浓度为1%时显著提高,分别由6.4 g/g、7.9 g/g提升至8.9 g/g、11.1 g/g,分别提升39.1%和40.5%;葡萄糖吸附能力在60 MPa处理1次,酶浓度3%时提升最显著,从3.9 mg/g提升至13.6 mg/g,提升248.7%;胆固醇吸附能力在60 MPa处理3次,酶浓度1%时最显著,从6.6 g/g(pH2)、6.7 g/g(pH7)提升至14.5 g/g、13.2 g/g,提升119.7%和97.0%。综上,DHPM联合酶改性处理能够有效改善PDF-CA理化性质,为其在膳食纤维-多酚复合物改性加工方面的应用提供一定理论依据。

, authors=白海媚, 周泉城, 韩钦硕, 魏心林, 胥晓宇, 颜紫璇, 郝赛飞, 盛桂华*, authorsList=白海媚, 周泉城, 韩钦硕, 魏心林, 胥晓宇, 颜紫璇, 郝赛飞, 盛桂华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=盛桂华, authorNote=

白海媚(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0001−7056−9986),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性食品,E-mail:

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盛桂华(1976−)(ORCID:0000−0003−3933−7930)女,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:功能性食品,E-mail:。
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Nature, 1958, 181(4617): 1190−1200., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889270865350819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889270873739428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, companyId=1320889270865350819, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889270886322341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, companyId=1320889270865350819, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博 255000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889277198749912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of DHPM pressure, handling frequency, and enzyme concentration on the microscopic morphology of PDF-CA, figureFileSmall=gWujnc+wJRyJEYa3V+j0ow==, figureFileBig=55vVqS4z2tdoMm99WyLa/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889277270053081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, language=CN, label=图1, caption=DHPM处理压力、处理次数、酶浓度对PDF-CA微观形貌的影响

注:60 MPa-1,1%表示在DHPM 60 MPa下处理1次,纤维素酶浓度为1%,依次类推;图中比例尺代表实际长度20 μm。

, figureFileSmall=gWujnc+wJRyJEYa3V+j0ow==, figureFileBig=55vVqS4z2tdoMm99WyLa/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889277504934106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Influence of DHPM pressure (A), handling frequency (B), and enzyme concentration (C) on the particle size of PDF-CA, figureFileSmall=5U5gXFYvqG8ePHPTjSgH3Q==, figureFileBig=IEC0T8ZvMMb7URpA2h/UKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889277580431579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889268474597520, language=CN, label=图2, caption=DHPM处理压力(A)、处理次数(B)、纤维素酶浓度(C)对PDF-CA粒径的影响

注:小写字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05),图5~图8同。

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动态高压微射流联合酶改性处理对豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸复合物结构及理化特性影响
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白海媚 , 周泉城 , 韩钦硕 , 魏心林 , 胥晓宇 , 颜紫璇 , 郝赛飞 , 盛桂华 *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(5): 110-118
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (5) : 110 -118
动态高压微射流联合酶改性处理对豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸复合物结构及理化特性影响
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白海媚 , 周泉城, 韩钦硕, 魏心林, 胥晓宇, 颜紫璇, 郝赛飞, 盛桂华*
作者信息
  • 山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博 255000
通讯作者:
盛桂华(1976−)(ORCID:0000−0003−3933−7930)女,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:功能性食品,E-mail:。
作者简介:

白海媚(2000−)(ORCID:0009−0001−7056−9986),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:功能性食品,E-mail:

Effects of Dynamic High-pressure Microjet Combined with Enzyme-modified Treatment on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Pea Dietary Fiber-Caffeic Acid Complexes
Haimei BAI , Quancheng ZHOU, Qinshuo HAN, Xinlin WEI, Xiaoyu XU, Zixuan YAN, Saifei HAO, Guihua SHENG*
Affiliations
  • College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
出版时间: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020250
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本文通过动态高压微射流技术(Dynamic high pressure microfluidization,DHPM)联合纤维素酶,对豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸(Pea dietary fiber-caffeic acid,PDF-CA)复合物进行改性处理,探究DHPM联合酶处理对PDF-CA结构及理化特性的影响。粒径和扫描电镜表明,经DHPM联合酶处理后,样品粒径尺寸降低,表面粗糙松散,且在酶浓度为3%时发生团聚现象;红外与X射线衍射表明,改性不会引起PDF-CA的晶体结构改变,未产生新官能团,但晶体有序度下降。与未经DHPM处理样品相比,处理后PDF-CA的持水性、持油性,葡萄糖吸附能力、胆固醇吸附能力均有所改善。持水性、持油性在处理压力为60 MPa处理2次,酶浓度为1%时显著提高,分别由6.4 g/g、7.9 g/g提升至8.9 g/g、11.1 g/g,分别提升39.1%和40.5%;葡萄糖吸附能力在60 MPa处理1次,酶浓度3%时提升最显著,从3.9 mg/g提升至13.6 mg/g,提升248.7%;胆固醇吸附能力在60 MPa处理3次,酶浓度1%时最显著,从6.6 g/g(pH2)、6.7 g/g(pH7)提升至14.5 g/g、13.2 g/g,提升119.7%和97.0%。综上,DHPM联合酶改性处理能够有效改善PDF-CA理化性质,为其在膳食纤维-多酚复合物改性加工方面的应用提供一定理论依据。

豌豆膳食纤维  /  咖啡酸  /  动态高压微射流技术  /  纤维素酶  /  粒径

This study investigated the impact of a combination of dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) and cellulase treatment on the structural and physicochemical properties of pea dietary fiber-caffeic acid (PDF-CA) complex. The experimental model involved subjecting PDF-CA to DHPM, followed by the addition of cellulase, with the objective of examining how the combination of DHPM and cellulase influenced the structure and physicochemical properties of PDF-CA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis revealed that the application of DHPM in conjunction with enzyme treatment led to a reduction in the size of the particles in the samples. The surface of the samples exhibited a rough and loose texture, and agglomeration occurred at an enzyme concentration of 3%. Fourier infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy indicated that the modification did not induce any alterations in the crystal structure of PDF-CA. Additionally, no novel functional groups were detected, although the degree of crystalline order diminished. Compared to untreated samples, modified PDF-CA exhibited improved water- and oil-holding capacities, as well as improved glucose and cholesterol adsorption capacities. Water and oil retention significantly increased at a treatment pressure of 60 MPa with two cycles and an enzyme concentration of 1%, rising from 6.4 g/g and 7.9 g/g to 8.9 g/g and 11.1 g/g respectively, representing increases of 39.1% and 40.5%. The glucose adsorption capacity showed the most pronounced increase after a single treatment at 60 MPa with 3% enzyme concentration, rising from 3.9 mg/g to 13.6 mg/g with an increase of 248.7%. The most significant improvement in cholesterol adsorption capacity was observed after three 60 MPa treatments at a 1% enzyme concentration, with increases from 6.6 g/g (pH2) and 6.7 g/g (pH7) to 14.5 g/g and 13.2 g/g representing respective increases of 119.7% and 97.0%. In summary, the combined use of DHPM and enzymatic modification effectively improved the physicochemical properties of PDF-CA, providing theoretical support for its application in modification and processing of dietary fibre-polyphenol complexes.

pea dietary fiber  /  caffeic acid  /  dynamic high-pressure microjet technology  /  cellulase  /  particle size
白海媚, 周泉城, 韩钦硕, 魏心林, 胥晓宇, 颜紫璇, 郝赛飞, 盛桂华. 动态高压微射流联合酶改性处理对豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸复合物结构及理化特性影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 110 -118 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020250
Haimei BAI, Quancheng ZHOU, Qinshuo HAN, Xinlin WEI, Xiaoyu XU, Zixuan YAN, Saifei HAO, Guihua SHENG. Effects of Dynamic High-pressure Microjet Combined with Enzyme-modified Treatment on the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Pea Dietary Fiber-Caffeic Acid Complexes[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 110 -118 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020250
随着生活方式的变化和饮食结构的调整,居民肠道健康问题日益严重,成为众多健康隐患的重要根源。功能性便秘的发生率逐渐增加,同时高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病等慢性疾病的发病率也持续上升。根据《中国中青年心脑血管健康白皮书》的数据显示,我国20~29岁年龄段的心血管高风险人群占比已达到15.3%[1],显示出心血管疾病向年轻化发展的趋势。因此,开发兼具健康益处的功能性食品显得尤为重要。
豌豆膳食纤维(Pea dietary fiber,PDF)是豌豆深加工时产生的副产物-豌豆种皮的主要成分,能够维护肠道微生态平衡,有利于降低高血压、血糖指数,对维持人体消化系统和促进整体健康发挥着重要作用[2]。多酚(Polyphenols)大多与膳食纤维、蛋白质等物质共同组成复合物[3],咖啡酸(Caffeic acid,CA)作为结合能力更强,安全性被广泛认可的多酚化合物之一,具有强抗氧化、抗炎特性。膳食纤维与多酚相互作用形成的复合物具备较强的抗氧化、改善心脑血管疾病等生理功能[3],膳食纤维与多酚的功能协同性能够调控代谢、调节肠道菌群,但膳食纤维与多酚复合物在传统形式下的功能活性较为有限,这在一定程度上制约了其进一步的加工和开发。因此,探索能够增强其生物活性的加工方法,对于满足市场日益增长的需求具有重要的科学和实践意义。
目前,常见改性方法有物理改性、化学改性及生物酶改性。物理改性方法具有环境友好,操作简便,安全性较高等优点,并且能够有效保持其原有营养成分[4],但无法针对特定底物进行改性。而酶解法能够有效提高某些成分如蛋白质、膳食纤维的消化特性和溶解度,使其更加容易被人体吸收[5],但其反应条件严苛,且成本比较高。本文通过物理方法联合酶处理,破坏膳食纤维-多酚复合物天然结构,使功能基团暴露,提高酶对目标活性基团的水解效率,从而提高理化性质。动态高压微射流(Dynamic high pressure microfluidization,DHPM)通过对流体混合物料强烈剪切、压力瞬时释放、高频振荡等一连串综合作用,达成物料超微化及均一化。研究发现,通过DHPM处理,可显著提升膳食纤维的水合作用性能,实现纤维颗粒的均匀分散与组织结构的松散化;有助于减弱膳食纤维分子间的氢键作用,有效降低膳食纤维的结晶度,从而优化其物理性质和功能特性[5]。纤维素酶在降解膳食纤维中起着至关重要的作用,它能够分解不溶性纤维素,提高其利用率,通过分解纤维素,释放纤维中的有益化合物,比如多酚和其他植物化学成分[6]。
综上所述,为进一步改善豌豆膳食纤维-咖啡酸复合物的理化性质,本文创新性采用动态高压微射流联合酶对其进行改性,通过不同处理压力、次数以及纤维素酶浓度对PDF-CA复合物进行改性,探究改性对PDF-CA结构及理化性质的影响,进而探究对其功能性质的改变,提高膳食纤维和多酚在维护肠道和心血管健康方面的预防和调节作用,并为其在食品加工中的开发和应用提供理论依据。
豌豆膳食纤维 食品级(85%),烟台双塔食品有限公司;咖啡酸 分析纯(98%),上海源叶生物科技有限公司;纤维素酶(1.1万U/g) 夏盛酶技术有限公司;3,5-二硝基水杨酸(98%)、邻苯二甲醛(98%) 分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。
SPCH-10动态高压微射流均质机 英国Homogenizing System公司;LS-900马尔文激光粒度仪 马尔文仪器公司;Quanta 250型扫描电镜 美国FEI公司;Nicolet5700型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 美国热电尼高力仪器公司。
配制50 mg/mL的PDF溶液,其中CA添加量为0.4 μmol/mL,室温下充分搅拌4 h。
将PDF-CA复合物溶液分别经过DHPM的0、30、60、90 MPa压力处理1次后,加入1%纤维素酶,50 ℃水浴振荡2 h。
将PDF-CA复合物溶液在60 MPa下进行DHPM处理,分别处理0、1、2、3次,后加入1%纤维素酶,50 ℃水浴振荡2 h。
将PDF-CA复合物溶液在60 MPa下DHPM处理1次,加入纤维素酶,酶浓度分别为0%、1%、2%、3%,50 ℃水浴振荡2 h。
处理后的所有样品均在−50 ℃真空冷冻干燥48 h后放入干燥器中备用。
将PDF-CA冻干样品粉末用导电胶固定在样品台上,真空喷金后置于SEM下扫描并采集图像,加速电压5 kV,放大5000倍。
将处理好的PDF-CA水溶液采用激光粒度仪进行粒径测定,每个样品测定三次取平均值。
取0.80 g PDF-CA样品粉末与KBr研磨均匀、压片,在400~4000 cm−1内使用FT-IR仪扫描并采集图像[7]。
参考嵇威[7]方法。将样品粉末置于铝片15 mm×20 mm×1.5 mm孔中,压紧,射线衍射测试。XRD测试条件:扫描范围:3°~60°;测角精度:2θ≤±0.01°;角分辨率:FWHM≤±0.1;角度重现性:±0.0001°。
参考Wang等[8]对膳食纤维持水性、持油性测定的方法,根据实际情况修改。称取0.10 g的PDF-CA样品粉末,置于50 mL离心管中,加入8 mL蒸馏水(另一组加入8 mL大豆油),摇晃均匀,室温振荡4 h,4000 r/min下离心30 min,去除上清液后对沉淀进行称重,并按下式进行计算。
$ \mathrm{WHO}/\mathrm{OHO}=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}-{\mathrm{m}}_{0}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{1}} $
式中:m0为离心管质量(g),m1为样品质量(g),m2为离心管加沉淀物质量(g)。
参考Ou等[9]对葡萄糖吸附能力测定的方法,配制10 mg/mL葡萄糖标准溶液。取6支试管并标号,分别将葡萄糖标准溶液稀释至1、2、3、4、5 mg/mL后加入0.50 mL DNS试剂,将试管放入水浴锅中沸水加热5 min,用冷水冷却,加入4 mL的蒸馏水,在540 nm处测定吸光度,以葡萄糖浓度为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标绘制标准曲线(Y=0.1203X+0.3152,R2=0.9911)。
DNS试剂:酒石酸钾钠18.2 g,溶于50 mL蒸馏水中,加热,于热溶液中依次加入3,5-二硝基水杨酸0.63 g,NaOH 2.1 g,苯酚0.5 g,搅拌至溶,冷却后用蒸馏水定容至100 mL,贮于棕色瓶中,室温保存。
称取0.10 g PDF-CA样品粉末于试管中,加入10 mL 1 mg/mL的葡萄糖溶液,恒温37 ℃下水浴锅中振荡2 h,在3500 r/min,20 min条件下离心处理。取0.50 mL上清液于试管中,加入0.50 mL DNS试剂,冷却后加入4.00 mL蒸馏水,在540 nm处测定各样品溶液的吸光度,带入标曲进行计算,得出吸附后上清液葡萄糖浓度,再根据总体积计算吸附后葡萄糖质量。
$\rm {GAC(mg/g)}=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{0}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}} $
式中:m0为吸附前葡萄糖质量(mg),m1为吸附后葡萄糖质量(mg),m2为样品质量(g)。
参考陈睿等[10]对胆固醇吸附能力的测定方法,略作修改。分别称取1.00、1.60、2.00、2.40 mg胆固醇标准品于试管中,加入0.4 mL醋酸、0.2 mL OPA试剂(邻苯二甲醛10 mg溶于冰乙酸),0.01 mL蒸馏水、4.0 mL混合酸(等体积浓硫酸加等体积90%醋酸),避光保存10 min。在550 nm处测定各标准溶液的吸光度,以胆固醇标准品含量为横坐标,吸光度为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线(Y=0.3835X+0.1643,R2=0.9953)。
分离鸡蛋的蛋清蛋黄,以1:9比例稀释蛋黄制备蛋黄乳液,取0.20 g样品于50 mL离心管中,加入蛋黄乳液5 mL,搅拌均匀后将溶液pH调到2(模拟胃环境)和7(模拟肠道环境),放置于37 ℃水浴锅中,振荡2 h,4000 r/min离心20 min,设置空白对照。吸取0.20 mL样品上清液,以邻苯二甲醛法测定胆固醇。带入标曲进行计算得出胆固醇浓度,再根据总体积算出吸附后胆固醇质量。
$ \mathrm{CBC}(\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{g})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}_{2}-{\mathrm{m}}_{1}}{\mathrm{w}} $
式中:m2为蛋黄乳液中胆固醇的质量(mg),m1为吸附后胆固醇的质量(mg),w为样品的质量(g)。
参考李燮昕等[11]对DPPH自由基清除能力测定的方法。取3 mL DPPH溶液与1 mL供试液混合,未加入乙醇及供试液溶剂的为样品组(Ax);取3 mL DPPH溶液与1 mL供试液溶剂混合,未加入乙醇及供试液的为空白对照组(A0);取3 mL 95%乙醇与1 mL供试液混合,未加入DPPH溶液及供试液溶剂的为样品对照组(Ax0)。测定结果以清除率(E)表示,计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{E(\text{%})=[A}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{-(A}_{ \mathrm{X}} \mathrm{-A}_{ \mathrm{X0}} \mathrm{)]/A}_{ \mathrm{0}} \mathrm{\times 100} $
每个实验重复三遍,结果均表示为(平均数±标准差),用SPSS 26计算平均值和方差及显著性分析,统计图中显著性差异用不同字母表示,使用Origin 2018软件作图。
由图1可得,经过DHPM不同压力处理后,PDF-CA出现明显的破碎和裂解现象,高强度的DHPM作用使得原本较为完整的表面结构被切割成较小的碎片和裂口,此外,PDF-CA内部的多糖和多酚网络骨架开始断裂分解,这导致原本紧密的内部结构变得疏松开放,增加空隙率,有利于物质扩散和吸附过程,改善PDF-CA的功能性。这与汤彩蝶等[12]研究的竹笋膳食纤维经过DHPM处理后,呈片状结构,表面粗糙,组织松散的结论一致。随着处理次数增加,PDF-CA表面的裂痕和破碎程度逐渐加剧。首先,表面出现微小裂痕和空隙,随后这些微裂痕将逐渐扩展到整个表面,导致表面变得粗糙和不规则,显著提高PDF-CA的比表面积,有助于改善其吸附性能。随着酶浓度增加,PDF-CA颗粒的尺寸逐渐减小,是因为经过DHPM处理后PDF-CA粒径会因为酶水解导致原有较大的颗粒被进一步降解成小颗粒[13],PDF-CA的微观结构改变,使得结构疏松,分布均匀,为持水性、持油性及吸附能力的提高提供了解释依据。
由图2A可知,随DHPM处理压力增加,PDF-CA粒径均显著减小(P<0.05),并且随着处理压力的增加持续减小。当处理压力达到90 MPa时,PDF-CA的粒径达到最小56.33 μm,相比未处理样品显著降低42.90%。这是因为高压微射流产生的强剪切力能够有效地破碎聚集体和较大颗粒,使得原有的大分子拥有更小的粒径。由图2B可得,经过不同次数处理后的PDF-CA粒径均显著减小(P<0.05),并且随处理次数增加而进一步减小。当处理次数为3次时,PDF-CA的粒径达到最小,为49.45 μm,与未处理样品的98.71 μm相比显著降低49.90%,这是由于每次DHPM处理均施加强烈剪切力,且剪切作用在PDF-CA结构上叠加,使得破碎更显著,粒子进一步细化,与电镜显示的PDF-CA颗粒减小结果一致。由图2C可得,随酶浓度增加,经过DHPM处理后粒径呈先下降后上升趋势。当浓度为2%时,PDF-CA的粒径达到最小,为68.7 μm,与未处理样品相比降低11.3%,当酶浓度提升至3%时,推测是由于酶分子竞争有限结合位点,致使部分区域过度水解,深层区域却难以有效渗透,最终形成较大聚集体[14]。
图3中所示的3378 cm−1附近对应于羟基(O-H)伸缩振动峰,可以反映出纤维素、木质素和多酚化合物等的含量变化[15];1634 cm−1附近对应于碳碳双键(C=C)和羰基(C=O)的伸缩振动峰[16];1053 cm−1附近对应于C-O-C、C-O等键的伸缩振动峰,可以反映出代表纤维素、木质素和残余半纤维素结构的变化[17];605.76 cm−1附近对应膳食纤维中C-O-C键的伸缩振动峰。
由图3A可得,PDF的O-H吸收峰由3426.11 cm−1变为3406.78 cm−1,这一变化可能表明PDF与CA复合物之间形成了新的氢键,进而证实了CA与PDF之间存在氢键相互作用,这与嵇威[7]研究的膳食纤维-多酚通过氢键相互作用结合结果一致。在3299.95 cm−1附近,与未经DHPM处理样品相比,处理过的PDF-CA样品特征峰出现红移现象,是因为高压作用导致氢键的变化,影响了分子中O-H和C-O的振动频率,当压力增大时,分子间作用的距离减小,氢键形成加强,导致振动频率降低;在1648.16 cm−1附近出现的红移现象通常与C=C与C=O伸缩振动有关,压力的增强使得分子间可能存在的共轭效应加强。在吸收峰为1076.35 cm−1附近可能由于纤维素和半纤维素中的C-O基团伸缩振动[18],吸收峰强度与未经DHPM处理PDF-CA样品相比减弱,出现红移现象。
由图3B可得,在1635 cm−1附近的吸收峰出现红移,可能是因为在高压反复作用下,增强了PDF-CA复合物内氢键作用,从而导致羰基的共振频率降低;在1444 cm−1附近出现的红移现象可能是因为处理次数增加可能会导致多糖链的部分断裂和重排,导致C-O或C-O-C键间的相互作用增强,与其他分子之间的氢键或范德华力的改变有关,影响其伸缩频率;605.76 cm−1附近出现的红移现象可能是因为高压反复作用使分子内部骨架变化分子的重新排列影响C-O-C键的振动频率,从而导致吸收峰的红移,王淑玉等[19]研究发现经DHPM改性,压力和次数增加没有破坏重要官能团,未产生新的化学基团,与本研究一致。
由图3C可得,1634 cm−1附近的吸收波长出现蓝移的现象,可能是纤维素酶的降解作用,导致PDF-CA的空间构型发生变化,使羰基的共振特性得到改善,振动频率增加从而引起相应吸收峰的蓝移[20]。1053 cm−1附近的吸收峰出现红移的现象,可能是纤维素酶浓度的增加可能会增强与PDF-CA复合物中的羟基或酯基有关的氢键形成,从而使C-O或C-N的伸缩振动频率降低[21]。
XRD衍射图谱是对样品结晶结构的反映。由图4可得,PDF-CA在0~60°范围内2θ值在22°处显示出特征性的强衍射峰,这是典型的纤维素和半纤维素特征[22]。
由图4A可得,经过DHPM处理后,可以观察到随着压力的增加,衍射峰逐渐变宽,可能是随压力增加,高压处理引起分子间氢键的断裂,导致纤维素和半纤维素的定型结构被破坏,PDF-CA的有序晶体区逐渐转变为无序的非晶区,非结晶区比例升高,结晶度降低。经DHPM处理后,衍射峰的位置与未DHPM处理样品基本一致,说明DHPM不会改变PDF-CA的结构,仅影响了晶体的有序度,这与陈宁宁等[23]的研究结果一致。
由图4B可得,随着处理次数增加,衍射峰变宽,这可能是处理过程中对分子间氢键的逐步破坏,累计效应使得晶体区域转变为非晶区域,从而降低结晶的有序度。尽管衍射峰有所变化,但新峰并未出现,这说明多次处理不会改变PDF-CA的整体晶体结构。
由图4C可得,随着纤维素酶浓度增加,峰宽增大。这表明纤维素酶的加入进一步促进结晶区向非晶区的转变,纤维素分子链断裂使得其晶体结构松散,非结晶态比例提高。此外,加酶反应没有引入新的衍射峰,说明纤维素酶处理不会形成新晶体结构,这与Song等[24]研究结果一致。
持水性和持油性是描述膳食纤维颗粒在保持水分和吸收油脂方面能力的两个关键属性[25],良好的持水性与持油性不仅能够显著提升食品的黏度和质地,而且与促进肠道蠕动、降低胆固醇和降血糖等功能特性有关[26]。
由图5A可得,随处理压力增加,PDF-CA的持水性与持油性显著提升(P<0.05),持水性、持油性均在60 MPa时达到峰值,与未经DHPM处理样品相比增长32.7%和18.2%,这是因为PDF-CA受到DHPM剪切力的作用,在60 MPa处理压力作用下形成的较小片段,粒径减小,比表面积增大,PDF-CA与水、油的接触面积增大,使得PDF-CA的持水性、持油性呈现上升趋势。当处理压力为90 MPa时,虽粒径仍减小,但持水性、持油性略有下降,可能是因为高压改变PDF-CA的结构,纤维和多糖的降解导致稳定性降低,影响氢键的形成和维持,从而影响与水或油的结合能力,导致持水性和持油性下降[27]。
由图5B可得,处理次数的改变对PDF-CA的持水性、持油性产生显著影响(P<0.05),未经DHPM处理的样品持水性、持油性分别为6.4 g/g和7.9 g/g,随处理次数增加提升至8.9 g/g和11.1 g/g,分别提高39.1%和40.5%,这可能是因为PDF-CA经多次DHPM处理后,受到强剪切力作用的叠加,使粒径减小、结构疏松、水油接触面积增大,同时暴露出纤维内部的亲水、亲油基团,进而提升分子持水性、持油性[15],但经过3次处理之后,过度的高压剪切可能破坏已经结合的位点,导致持水性、持油性有所下降。
由图5C可得,随着纤维素酶浓度增加,PDF-CA的持水性与持油性均有所提升(P<0.05),持水性在纤维素酶浓度为1%时达到峰值,与未经酶处理相比提升33.2%;持油性在酶浓度为2%时达到峰值,与未经酶处理相比提升21.8%。经分析可知,纤维素酶的添加显著改善PDF-CA的持水性与持油性,PDF-CA的持水性和持油性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,这可能是因为纤维素酶浓度增加首先对PDF-CA的分解作用逐渐增强使其吸附性能增强,当酶浓度继续提高,PDF-CA被过度水解或分子出现团聚现象,导致分子对水分和油脂分子的截留能力降低,这与李安平等[28]研究结果一致。
膳食纤维的结构特性能够将葡萄糖分子吸附在纤维结构内部,进而从一定程度上削减葡萄糖在肠胃中的扩散程度,从而发挥出降低血糖的效用[29]。
从图6A中得出,随处理压力增加,经DHPM处理的样品对葡萄糖的吸附能力显著提升(P<0.05),在90 MPa时达到最大11.8 mg/g,相比未处理时的6.1 mg/g提升93.4%。这是由于高压处理使PDF-CA表面结构疏松,比表面积变大,从而使分子更容易进入PDF-CA内部并有利于吸附并截留葡萄糖。从图6B中得出处理次数的改变对葡萄糖吸附能力的影响较显著(P<0.05)。与未处理样品相比,经过处理样品的葡萄糖吸附能力显著提升,由6.1 mg/g提升至12.1 mg/g,提升98.4%,这是因为颗粒尺寸的减小使得表面破裂,导致比表面积增加,从而暴露出更多基团结合葡萄糖。从图6C中得出,加入不同浓度的酶对PDF-CA的葡萄糖吸附能力具有显著影响(P<0.05)。在酶浓度为3%时达到峰值,与未添加样品相比,吸附能力由未经酶处理的3.9 mg/g提升至酶浓度3%时的13.6 mg/g,提升248.7%,这可能是由于对样品进行60 MPa下1次处理,结构变化对葡萄糖吸附能力的影响有限,而纤维素酶促使更多大分子膳食纤维以及不溶性膳食纤维转变为小分子膳食纤维和可溶性膳食纤维,有效提升样品黏度,增强对葡萄糖的束缚作用[24],从而使得葡萄糖吸附能力有较大提升。
胆固醇吸附能力被认为是膳食纤维的一项重要功能特性。膳食纤维通过促进血液中的胆固醇转变为胆酸,或直接与胆固醇结合并排出体外,从而有效降低人体内的胆固醇含量[30]。在不同的pH条件下,PDF-CA对胆固醇的吸附能力有显著差异。
从图7A中得出,随着处理压力的逐渐增加,PDF-CA胆固醇吸附能力显著提升(P<0.05),在pH2时,吸附能力由6.6 mg/g提升至14.5 mg/g,提升了119.7%,这是由于DHPM处理使PDF-CA完整结构变破碎,内部结构更加疏松多孔,由于毛细管效应,PDF-CA能够更加有效地捕获胆固醇分子,从而提高吸附能力[12]。然而,在pH7时,吸附能力由6.7 mg/g提升至12.8 mg/g,提升了91.0%,随后吸附能力降低到11.3 mg/g,这可能是因为过高压力导致纤维结构过度破坏,反而降低了结合胆固醇的有效位点数量。这与耿宁宁[31]的研究结果一致。从图7B中得出,随着处理次数增加,在pH2时,胆固醇吸附能力有大幅提升(P<0.05)。在pH7时,胆固醇吸附能力从6.7 mg/g提升至13.2 mg/g,与未经DHPM处理的样品相比,胆固醇吸附能力显著提升(P<0.05),但随次数的增加,吸附能力表现出不稳定的趋势,可能是由于处理两次后,结构的进一步变化和吸附位点的损失导致了吸附能力的下降,后续处理又使得吸附能力恢复。从图7C中得出,加入不同浓度酶对PDF-CA的胆固醇吸附能力有显著影响(P<0.05),由于经过高压处理,PDF-CA胆固醇吸附能力显著提高。在pH7时,纤维素酶浓度的增加使胆固醇的吸附能力提升了59.5%。在pH2时,胆固醇吸附能力与未处理相比有所提升,但未处理样品胆固醇吸附能力已经较高可能是因为PDF-CA已经经过60 MPa的处理,结构的显著变化对其吸附能力产生较大影响,且在酸性环境下,氨基酸和其他功能基团的离子化状态可能有助于增强胆固醇之间的相互作用,随酶浓度提高吸附能力的提高,表明纤维素酶的处理在一定程度上能够暴露更多结合位点,从而提升胆固醇的吸附能力[20]。
抗氧化作用与物质的氢供给和电子供给能力密切相关。在膳食纤维中,氢原子能够与自由基结合,生成稳定的自由基,从而有效地终止自由基反应[31],微量的自由基在体内稳态调节和介导体内应激反应中有着重要的作用,但是大量的自由基会对蛋白质、脂质和DNA产生氧化损伤,进而引起疾病。因此,外源抗氧化剂对预防阿尔茨海默病、心血管等疾病具有重要意义[32]。
从图8A中得出,与未处理样品相比,经过DHPM处理的PDF-CA的DPPH自由基清除率显著上升(P<0.05),当处理压力为90 MPa时,提升118.2%,这是因为随压力增加,PDF-CA结构发生变化,提高了与DPPH自由基的接触机会,使得自由基与PDF-CA反应更全面,阻止自由基链式反应的发生[4],因此抗氧化能力提高。从图8B中得出,DPPH自由基清除率随DHPM处理次数的改变呈现不规律的浮动,可能是由于DHPM的强剪切力作用,使PDF-CA中氢离子提供量上升,导致DPPH自由基清除率上升,而当处理次数为2次时,DPPH自由基清除率下降可能与PDF-CA结构的位点减少相关,进一步的处理又使得结合位点恢复从而DPPH自由基清除率上升[33]。从图8C知,纤维素酶添加显著提高了PDF-CA DPPH自由基清除率(P<0.05),当酶浓度为2%时,DPPH自由基清除率提升至41.6%,较未处理样品显著提高153.7%,但随酶浓度的继续升高清除率降低至32.7%,原因可能是高浓度纤维素酶导致纤维过度水解,破坏PDF-CA的多孔结构和交联网络,活性位点暴露面积减少,进而降低自由基捕获效率,导致DPPH清除率降低。
本文研究表明随处理压力、次数和纤维素酶浓度增加,粒径显著减小,扫描电镜与红外结果显示,改性破坏样品原有结构,获得更大的比表面积,结构更加疏松,二级结构未发生较大变化,并且改性后PDF-CA的持水性、持油性、葡萄糖吸附能力、胆固醇吸附能力及抗氧化能力等理化性质方面,均显著优于未处理样品(P<0.05),理化性质的有效提升反映出PDF-CA在促进肠道健康和改善心血管健康方面的潜在应用价值。本研究拓展了膳食纤维-多酚用途,为开发成有益肠道健康、改善心血管疾病的功能性产品研究提供创新性原料及新思路。

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2026年第47卷第5期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020250
  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
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    山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博 255000

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盛桂华(1976−)(ORCID:0000−0003−3933−7930)女,博士,高级实验师,研究方向:功能性食品,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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