Article(id=1320883962566787309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020244, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740585600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852877512, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852877512, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852877512, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852877512, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=319, endPage=327, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883962772308206, articleId=1320883962566787309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Postharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene Combined with Spontaneous Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Cold Storage Quality of 'Venus Golden' Apple, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effects of spontaneous controlled atmosphere packaging (MAP) with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) combined with different thicknesses (0.02, 0.04 mm) of fresh-keeping bags on the browning and cold storage quality of 'Venus Golden' apple fruits, two storage methods, 1-MCP (1.0 μL/L)+MAP and MAP, were used to treat 'Venus Golden' apples, which were then stored at (0±0.5) ℃ for 60 days and 160 days. The results showed that 0.02PE, 1-MCP+0.02PE, and 1-MCP+0.04PE treatments could all slow down the speed of peel yellowing and greasiness to a certain extent, effectively inhibit peel and flesh browning, and suppress the decrease of fruit firmness, titratable acid, respiration rate, ethylene release rate, and puncture parameters (including breaking force, yield force, flesh firmness, and flesh work). Compared with the CK group, the 0.04PE treatment group made 'Venus Golden' apples more prone to browning and accelerated fruit senescence. It can be seen that 0.02PE, 1-MCP+0.02PE, and 1-MCP+0.04PE treatments can all maintain the cold storage quality of 'Venus Golden' apples, reduce the fruit browning index, and improve the fruit taste and flavor, among which the 1-MCP+0.02PE treatment has the best fresh-keeping effect on 'Venus Golden' apples, extending the fruit storage period to more than 160 days.

, authors=Chaoshuang JIA1, Zhihua WANG1, *, Wenhui WANG1, Wenkuan ZHANG1, Wentao YAN2, Changqin MA3, authorsList=Chaoshuang JIA, Zhihua WANG, Wenhui WANG, Wenkuan ZHANG, Wentao YAN, Changqin MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhihua WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883963770552565, articleId=1320883962566787309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=采后1-MCP结合自发气调包装对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏品质的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合不同厚度(0.02、0.04 mm)保鲜袋的自发气调包装(MAP)对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果实褐变和冷藏品质的影响,分别采用1-MCP(1.0 μL/L)+MAP和MAP贮藏2种方式处理‘维纳斯黄金’苹果后,将其贮藏于0±0.5 ℃环境中60 d和160 d。结果表明,0.02 mm气调保鲜袋(PE)与1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理均能在一定程度上减缓果皮转黄及油腻化速度,有效抑制果皮和果肉褐变,对果实硬度、可滴定酸、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率,以及穿刺参数(涵盖破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度和果肉做功)的降低起到抑制作用。相较于CK组,0.04PE处理组会使‘维纳斯黄金’苹果更易褐变,加速果实衰老。可见,0.02PE与1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理都能保持‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏品质,降低果实褐变指数,并提高果实口感及风味,其中1-MCP+0.02PE处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果保鲜效果最优,延长果实贮藏期至160 d以上。

, authors=贾朝爽1, 王志华1, *, 王文辉1, 张文宽1, 闫文涛2, 马常钦3, authorsList=贾朝爽, 王志华, 王文辉, 张文宽, 闫文涛, 马常钦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王志华, authorNote=

贾朝爽(1990−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王志华(1974−),女,本科,研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究及推广,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=rtQ/MeZWn4or/sakGyuNog==, magXml=ibFOK2PFDjhwdySMzSEz1A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=4Vl5bJZt3pS9+08R2rsrjg==, pdfFileSize=1198287, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oslm24CEnQeGuXQkMjIWzg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=FXs2OVSXIDdzoPf4rt2CHw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320883965867704576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jiachaoshuang@caas.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320883965934813442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, authorId=1320883965867704576, language=EN, stringName=Chaoshuang JIA, firstName=Chaoshuang, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fruit Storage and Processing Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Xingcheng 125100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320883965997728003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, authorId=1320883965867704576, language=CN, stringName=贾朝爽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁省果品贮藏与加工重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100, bio={"content":"

贾朝爽(1990−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究,E-mail:

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注:小写字母表示同一时间不同组间差异(P<0.05);图3同。

, figureFileSmall=hKlPOZlQyVO955s5b+3Gjw==, figureFileBig=oslm24CEnQeGuXQkMjIWzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883970108145961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of 1-MCP and MAP treatments on respiration rate and ethylene production rate during the 160 d shelf life of 'Venus Golden' apple, figureFileSmall=E0MK/vXqQMqm3FBykMNb4A==, figureFileBig=QDaJjgWqnO1RiMMqbOlqRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883970175254826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=图2, caption=1-MCP和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏160 d后的货架期呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率的影响, figureFileSmall=E0MK/vXqQMqm3FBykMNb4A==, figureFileBig=QDaJjgWqnO1RiMMqbOlqRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883970263335211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of 1-MCP and MAP treatments on disruptive force, yield force, flesh hardness, and flesh work of 'Venus Golden' apple, figureFileSmall=+j7Bahb/PA4jrOvqWnkpeg==, figureFileBig=bM5xZtuoLVVJixq2KVNY7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883970334638380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1-MCP和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度、果肉做功的影响, figureFileSmall=+j7Bahb/PA4jrOvqWnkpeg==, figureFileBig=bM5xZtuoLVVJixq2KVNY7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320883970401747245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of ‘Venus Golden’ apple fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目评价标准分值(分)
口感(55)肉质细脆,果汁丰富,有浓郁清新的芳香味36~55
肉质稍软,果汁较为丰富,芳香味淡化16~35
肉质软,果汁极少,几乎无芳香味0~15
外观(30)果皮金黄色,不油腻20~30
果皮黄色,少油腻11~20
果皮暗黄色,皱缩油腻0~10
气味(15)果实无异味,气味清香6~15
果实有异味,气味难闻0~5
), ArticleFig(id=1320883970489827630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

‘维纳斯黄金’苹果感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价项目评价标准分值(分)
口感(55)肉质细脆,果汁丰富,有浓郁清新的芳香味36~55
肉质稍软,果汁较为丰富,芳香味淡化16~35
肉质软,果汁极少,几乎无芳香味0~15
外观(30)果皮金黄色,不油腻20~30
果皮黄色,少油腻11~20
果皮暗黄色,皱缩油腻0~10
气味(15)果实无异味,气味清香6~15
果实有异味,气味难闻0~5
), ArticleFig(id=1320883970548547887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of 1-MCP and MAP treatments on the browning index and sensory score of 'Venus Golden' apple fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和MAP处理果皮褐变指数果肉褐变指数果心褐变指数感官评分(分)
60+7 d160+7 d60+7 d160+7 d60+7 d160+7 d60+7 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK01.33±0.01b00.85±0.00b0085.00±11.05b74.00±11.70c
0.02PE00000087.00±11.86ab80.14±10.85b
1-MCP+0.02PE00000092.00±10.23a87.25±11.54a
0.04PE CK01.62±0.00b00.97±0.01b0083.00±10.65b73.21±11.64c
0.04PE0.16±0.014.33±0.00a0.10±0.013.00±0.01a0088.00±11.04ab69.00±10.89d
1-MCP+0.04PE00.02±0.00c000090.00±9.66a88.00±11.92a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883970645016880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1-MCP和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果实褐变指数、感官评分的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和MAP处理果皮褐变指数果肉褐变指数果心褐变指数感官评分(分)
60+7 d160+7 d60+7 d160+7 d60+7 d160+7 d60+7 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK01.33±0.01b00.85±0.00b0085.00±11.05b74.00±11.70c
0.02PE00000087.00±11.86ab80.14±10.85b
1-MCP+0.02PE00000092.00±10.23a87.25±11.54a
0.04PE CK01.62±0.00b00.97±0.01b0083.00±10.65b73.21±11.64c
0.04PE0.16±0.014.33±0.00a0.10±0.013.00±0.01a0088.00±11.04ab69.00±10.89d
1-MCP+0.04PE00.02±0.00c000090.00±9.66a88.00±11.92a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883970716320049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of 1-MCP and MAP treatments on the fruit firmness of 'Venus Golden' apple (kg·cm−2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和
MAP处理
贮藏时间
60 d60+7 d160 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK6.81±0.45bc6.56±0.56b6.48±0.65bc6.17±0.85b
0.02PE7.08±0.64ab7.01±0.53a6.76±0.78ab6.51±0.92a
1-MCP+0.02PE7.28±0.53a7.06±0.67a6.89±0.67a6.60±0.83a
0.04PE CK6.52±0.56c6.29±0.61c6.27±0.66c6.16±0.80b
0.04PE6.65±0.57c6.42±0.61b6.34±0.74c6.18±0.71b
1-MCP+0.04PE7.13±0.45ab6.95±0.55a6.85±0.54ab6.41±0.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883970984755506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1-MCP和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’果实硬度的影响(kg·cm−2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和
MAP处理
贮藏时间
60 d60+7 d160 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK6.81±0.45bc6.56±0.56b6.48±0.65bc6.17±0.85b
0.02PE7.08±0.64ab7.01±0.53a6.76±0.78ab6.51±0.92a
1-MCP+0.02PE7.28±0.53a7.06±0.67a6.89±0.67a6.60±0.83a
0.04PE CK6.52±0.56c6.29±0.61c6.27±0.66c6.16±0.80b
0.04PE6.65±0.57c6.42±0.61b6.34±0.74c6.18±0.71b
1-MCP+0.04PE7.13±0.45ab6.95±0.55a6.85±0.54ab6.41±0.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883971056058675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of 1-MCP and MAP treatments on total soluble solid of 'Venus Golden' apple (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和
MAP处理
贮藏时间
60 d60+7 d160 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK10.31±0.68bc10.25±0.83a10.41±0.68a10.10±0.94b
0.02PE11.16±1.04a10.45±0.79a10.07±0.83a9.92±1.19b
1-MCP+0.02PE10.93±1.06ab10.39±1.09a10.34±1.29a9.49±0.54bc
0.04PE CK9.67±0.69c10.65±0.99a10.20±0.67a11.26±0.72a
0.04PE11.11±1.31a10.63±1.10a10.16±1.26a9.64±2.28bc
1-MCP+0.04PE10.39±1.23bc10.18±1.17a9.72±0.57a9.50±2.08bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320883971131556148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1-MCP和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’果实可溶性固形物的影响(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和
MAP处理
贮藏时间
60 d60+7 d160 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK10.31±0.68bc10.25±0.83a10.41±0.68a10.10±0.94b
0.02PE11.16±1.04a10.45±0.79a10.07±0.83a9.92±1.19b
1-MCP+0.02PE10.93±1.06ab10.39±1.09a10.34±1.29a9.49±0.54bc
0.04PE CK9.67±0.69c10.65±0.99a10.20±0.67a11.26±0.72a
0.04PE11.11±1.31a10.63±1.10a10.16±1.26a9.64±2.28bc
1-MCP+0.04PE10.39±1.23bc10.18±1.17a9.72±0.57a9.50±2.08bc
), ArticleFig(id=1320883971399991605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of 1-MCP and MAP treatments on titratable acid of 'Venus Golden' apple (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和
MAP处理
贮藏时间
60 d60+7 d160 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK0.116±0.001e0.145±0.002c0.098±0.001f0.132±0.002d
0.02PE0.129±0.000d0.159±0.003a0.121±0.001d0.159±0.002b
1-MCP+0.02PE0.139±0.001c0.143±0.002cd0.132±0.01b0.151±0.00c
0.04PE CK0.130±0.001d0.140±0.002d0.118±0.001e0.105±0.001e
0.04PE0.158±0.002b0.151±0.001b0.126±0.001c0.157±0.000b
1-MCP+0.04PE0.177±0.001a0.160±0.002a0.137±0.001a0.170±0.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883971475489078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

1-MCP和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’果实可滴定酸的影响(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1-MCP和
MAP处理
贮藏时间
60 d60+7 d160 d160+7 d
0.02PE CK0.116±0.001e0.145±0.002c0.098±0.001f0.132±0.002d
0.02PE0.129±0.000d0.159±0.003a0.121±0.001d0.159±0.002b
1-MCP+0.02PE0.139±0.001c0.143±0.002cd0.132±0.01b0.151±0.00c
0.04PE CK0.130±0.001d0.140±0.002d0.118±0.001e0.105±0.001e
0.04PE0.158±0.002b0.151±0.001b0.126±0.001c0.157±0.000b
1-MCP+0.04PE0.177±0.001a0.160±0.002a0.137±0.001a0.170±0.00a
), ArticleFig(id=1320883971555180855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Correlation between various puncture parameters of 'Venus Golden' fruits with 1-MCP and MAP treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标破裂力破裂位移破裂功屈服力屈服位移屈服功果肉硬度果肉做功
破裂力1−0.3250.0320.909**0.413*0.608**0.965**0.948**
破裂位移10.920**−0.591**−0.127−0.013−0.301−0.312
破裂功1−0.2790.0490.2880.0730.050
屈服力10.3830.502*0.895**0.888**
屈服位移10.809**0.451*0.278
屈服功10.688**0.557**
果肉硬度10.980**
果肉做功1
), ArticleFig(id=1320883971622289720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883962566787309, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

1-MCP和MAP处理的‘维纳斯黄金’果实各项穿刺参数之间的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标破裂力破裂位移破裂功屈服力屈服位移屈服功果肉硬度果肉做功
破裂力1−0.3250.0320.909**0.413*0.608**0.965**0.948**
破裂位移10.920**−0.591**−0.127−0.013−0.301−0.312
破裂功1−0.2790.0490.2880.0730.050
屈服力10.3830.502*0.895**0.888**
屈服位移10.809**0.451*0.278
屈服功10.688**0.557**
果肉硬度10.980**
果肉做功1
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采后1-MCP结合自发气调包装对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏品质的影响
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贾朝爽 1 , 王志华 1, * , 王文辉 1 , 张文宽 1 , 闫文涛 2 , 马常钦 3
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(6): 319-327
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (6) : 319 -327
采后1-MCP结合自发气调包装对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏品质的影响
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贾朝爽(1990−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究,E-mail:

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贾朝爽(1990−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究,E-mail:

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贾朝爽1 , 王志华1, * , 王文辉1, 张文宽1, 闫文涛2, 马常钦3
作者信息
  • 1中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁省果品贮藏与加工重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100
  • 2通辽市林业和草原科学研究所,内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 3通辽市森林公园管护中心,内蒙古通辽 028000
通讯作者:
王志华(1974−),女,本科,研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究及推广,E-mail:。
作者简介:

贾朝爽(1990−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究,E-mail:

Effect of Postharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene Combined with Spontaneous Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Cold Storage Quality of 'Venus Golden' Apple
Chaoshuang JIA1 , Zhihua WANG1, * , Wenhui WANG1, Wenkuan ZHANG1, Wentao YAN2, Changqin MA3
Affiliations
  • 1Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fruit Storage and Processing Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Xingcheng 125100, China
  • 2Tongliao Forestry and Grassland Science Research Institute, Tongliao 028000, China
  • 3Tongliao Forest Park Management and Protection Center, Tongliao 028000, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020244
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为探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合不同厚度(0.02、0.04 mm)保鲜袋的自发气调包装(MAP)对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果实褐变和冷藏品质的影响,分别采用1-MCP(1.0 μL/L)+MAP和MAP贮藏2种方式处理‘维纳斯黄金’苹果后,将其贮藏于0±0.5 ℃环境中60 d和160 d。结果表明,0.02 mm气调保鲜袋(PE)与1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理均能在一定程度上减缓果皮转黄及油腻化速度,有效抑制果皮和果肉褐变,对果实硬度、可滴定酸、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率,以及穿刺参数(涵盖破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度和果肉做功)的降低起到抑制作用。相较于CK组,0.04PE处理组会使‘维纳斯黄金’苹果更易褐变,加速果实衰老。可见,0.02PE与1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理都能保持‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏品质,降低果实褐变指数,并提高果实口感及风味,其中1-MCP+0.02PE处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果保鲜效果最优,延长果实贮藏期至160 d以上。

‘维纳斯黄金’苹果  /  冷藏  /  品质维持  /  自发气调  /  1-甲基环丙烯

To investigate the effects of spontaneous controlled atmosphere packaging (MAP) with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) combined with different thicknesses (0.02, 0.04 mm) of fresh-keeping bags on the browning and cold storage quality of 'Venus Golden' apple fruits, two storage methods, 1-MCP (1.0 μL/L)+MAP and MAP, were used to treat 'Venus Golden' apples, which were then stored at (0±0.5) ℃ for 60 days and 160 days. The results showed that 0.02PE, 1-MCP+0.02PE, and 1-MCP+0.04PE treatments could all slow down the speed of peel yellowing and greasiness to a certain extent, effectively inhibit peel and flesh browning, and suppress the decrease of fruit firmness, titratable acid, respiration rate, ethylene release rate, and puncture parameters (including breaking force, yield force, flesh firmness, and flesh work). Compared with the CK group, the 0.04PE treatment group made 'Venus Golden' apples more prone to browning and accelerated fruit senescence. It can be seen that 0.02PE, 1-MCP+0.02PE, and 1-MCP+0.04PE treatments can all maintain the cold storage quality of 'Venus Golden' apples, reduce the fruit browning index, and improve the fruit taste and flavor, among which the 1-MCP+0.02PE treatment has the best fresh-keeping effect on 'Venus Golden' apples, extending the fruit storage period to more than 160 days.

'Venus Golden' apple  /  low temperature storage  /  quality maintenance  /  spontaneous gas regulation  /  1-MCP
贾朝爽, 王志华, 王文辉, 张文宽, 闫文涛, 马常钦. 采后1-MCP结合自发气调包装对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果冷藏品质的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 319 -327 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020244
Chaoshuang JIA, Zhihua WANG, Wenhui WANG, Wenkuan ZHANG, Wentao YAN, Changqin MA. Effect of Postharvest 1-Methylcyclopropene Combined with Spontaneous Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Cold Storage Quality of 'Venus Golden' Apple[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 319 -327 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020244
‘维纳斯黄金’苹果,又名‘威海金’,近年来在山东威海地区种植规模较大。该品种11月初成熟,属晚熟苹果[1]。其口感爽脆香甜,香气浓郁,深受消费者青睐。王志华等[2]发现‘维纳斯黄金’苹果在贮藏过程中,常出现果皮与果肉褐变、质地软绵、果皮油腻化等问题,同时果实硬度与糖度迅速下降,严重降低了商品的食用价值,给果农与果商带来巨大经济损失[3]。
由于多数苹果采收后不会即刻上市,需长时间储存以保障市场稳定供应,因此,在贮藏期有效抑制‘维纳斯黄金’苹果褐变,减缓果皮转黄与油腻化进程,对维持其商品价值至关重要。近年来,1-甲基环丙烯(1-Methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)在保持果实品质、延长采后贮藏期方面应用广泛[4]。乙烯作为水果成熟与衰老的关键物质,可通过增强MdMAPK3介导的MdNAC72磷酸化,促使苹果果实软化[5]。1-甲基环丙烯属环烯烃,是乙烯的竞争性抑制剂,能不可逆地占据乙烯结合受体,阻断内、外源乙烯作用,进而抑制成熟与衰老相关基因的激活,有效延缓果实衰老[6−7]。1-甲基环丙烯在抑制果实呼吸、减少乙烯生成、延缓果实成熟以及缓解乙烯诱导的采后生理紊乱等方面起到积极作用,已在桃[8]、葡萄[9]、木瓜[10]等水果上得到广泛验证。不过,1-甲基环丙烯并非对所有水果都适用,例如在延缓芒果成熟方面仍未见成效[11]。所以,1-MCP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果贮藏性能的影响值得深入研究。
自发气调包装(Modified atmosphere packaged,MAP),是利用不同孔径与材质的包装袋对采后水果进行包装贮藏,借助袋上微孔调节果实微环境气体条件,以提升保鲜效果[12−14]。MAP同样可延缓果实后熟,抑制果实表面微生物滋生,保持果实新鲜度,提升果实品质[15−17]。但该技术存在一定风险,若O2浓度过低或CO2浓度过高,可能加速果实腐烂或导致风味丧失[18−22]。因此,MAP技术的关键在于挑选合适的薄膜材料,以营造最佳果实微环境。
‘维纳斯黄金’苹果对CO2有一定耐受性,1-MCP与MAP处理均有助于延长其贮藏期并提升品质[2]。但截至目前,尚未有关于1-MCP处理与MAP相结合对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果贮藏果实质地影响的研究报道。本研究采用1-MCP结合不同厚度保鲜袋的自发气调包装处理,在冷藏期间,对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果的感官、硬度、可溶性固形物、色泽、褐变指数、可滴定酸、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率及穿刺参数等指标变化展开探究,以期为解决‘维纳斯黄金’苹果贮藏期褐变、软绵问题,延长其贮藏期与货架期提供理论支撑。
‘维纳斯黄金’苹果 2023年11月10日,从威海荣成地区一管理水平中上等的果园采收试验果,选取20株长势统一、负载量相近的果树。采收当天经物流车配送,经48 h运至中国农业科学院果树研究所采后技术研究中心实验室,挑选大小均匀、无病虫害、无机械伤的果实作为试验材料;1-MCP保鲜剂 由陕西咸阳西秦生物科技有限公司提供;气调保鲜袋(PE) 由国家农产品保鲜工程技术研究中心(天津)提供;邻苯二甲酸氢钾(分析纯) 由上海麦克林生化科技有限公司提供;氢氧化钠(分析纯) 由天津市天力化学试剂有限公司提供。
CR-400手持色差仪 日本Konica Minolta公司;GS-15水果质地分析仪 南非GUSS公司;PR-101α折糖仪 日本ATAGO公司;Metrohm 808 Titrando电位滴定仪 瑞士万通中国有限公司;SP-7890气相色谱仪 山东鲁南瑞虹化工仪器有限公司;TMS-PRO食品物性分析仪 美国FTC公司。
课题组于2022年进行预实验,选择不同浓度的1-MCP(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 μL/L)对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果进行熏蒸处理,依据果实贮藏期间品质指标变化,发现1.0 μL/L浓度的1-MCP处理效果最好。
试验分为3组,每组试验果量均为50 kg:1-MCP+MAP处理组:将试验果放置在1-MCP浓度为1.0 μL/L 2个1 m3的密封塑料帐内进行熏蒸(20 ℃)12 h后,装入0.02 mm和0.04 mm PE袋内,并作扎口处理,分别记作1-MCP+0.02PE和1-MCP+0.04PE;MAP处理组:将试验果分别装入0.02 mm PE袋和0.04 mm PE袋内,并作扎口处理,分别记作0.02PE和0.04PE;CK组:以0.02 mm PE袋和0.04 mm PE袋不扎口为对照,分别记作0.02PE CK和0.04PE CK。以上果实均先置于0~2 ℃冷库预冷24 h,然后进行相应的扎口处理,随后将其转移至0±0.5 ℃的冷库中分别贮藏60 d和160 d后取出,一部分果实在20 ℃条件下平衡24 h测定其各项理化指标,另一部分果实在20 ℃条件放置7 d后测定其货架各理化指标。
果皮颜色运用CR-400手持色差仪进行测定。具体操作是,随机挑选10个大小较为均匀的果实,将果实中心赤道面上两个相互对称的点选定为测定点,进而测定果皮的L*值、a*值、b*值、C值、h*值。L*值反映亮度,其数值越高,表明果皮颜色越亮;a*值反映红绿色度,数值为正时呈现红色,为负时呈现绿色;b*值代表黄蓝色度,数值为正代表黄色,且数值越大,意味着果皮越黄;C值表征色饱和度;h*值表示色度角,当h*值处于0°、90°、180°和270°时,分别对应红色、黄色、绿色和蓝色,h*值越大,果皮越绿,h*值越小,果皮越黄。
参考刘佰霖等[23]的方法,按褐变发生程度分为6个等级:0级无褐变;Ⅰ级褐变面积小于1/3;Ⅱ级褐变面积为1/3~1/2;Ⅲ级褐变面积为1/2~2/3;Ⅳ级褐变面积大于2/3;Ⅴ级全部褐变。按以下公式计算褐变指数:
褐变指数=Σ(褐变级别×该级别果实个数)/(5×调查果实总数)。
参照贾朝爽等[24]方法,挑选10名从事果树研究的专业技术人员,对不同处理的果实加以标号后开展盲评。依据预先制定的评价标准打分(表1),随后去除一个最高分与一个最低分,将剩余分数的平均值作为该处理的最终得分。每个处理选用8个果实,并重复进行3次。
采用GS-15水果质地分析仪测定,所用探头为11.3 mm,随机选取20个果实,每个单果取果中部的2个对称部位,去皮后测定,kg·cm−2。
采用PR-101α折糖仪测定,随机选取大小均匀的20个果实,去果皮、果核后,使用研磨机将其捣碎成浆并过滤,取滤液置于糖度计中进行读数,重复3次,取其平均值,%。
参考仝月澳等[25]的方法稍作修改,果肉压榨后,称取3 g果汁,加入蒸馏水至刻度线30 mL,用电位滴定仪进行测定,结果用%表示。
运用气相色谱仪对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果实的呼吸速率与乙烯释放速率同时进行测定。单位分别为mg·kg−1·h−1和μL·kg−1·h−1。具体测定条件如下:以高纯N2作为载气,控制其流速在55~58 mL·min−1范围内,燃气选用空气与氢气,其中H2压力为0.2 MPa,空气为0.1 MPa;转化炉温度设定为360 ℃;填充柱采用不锈钢材质,柱温保持在120 ℃,利用温度为140 ℃的FID检测器进行检测。选取6个经挑选的果实,分别放置于3个2.25 L的可密封塑料盒内,密封1 h后,用注射器抽取1 mL进样量进行测定。每个处理重复3个塑料盒,每个盒测定3次,最终取平均值。按照以下公式计算呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率。
$\rm 呼吸速率(mg\cdot kg^{-1}\cdot h^{-1})= \frac{\mathrm{C}1\times \mathrm{v}}{\mathrm{m}1\times \mathrm{t}}\times 1.97 $
$\rm 乙烯释放速率(\text{μ}L\cdot kg^{-1}\cdot h^{-1})= \frac{\mathrm{C}2\times \mathrm{v}\times 1000}{\mathrm{m}2\times \mathrm{t}} $
式中,C1为密封容器中的CO2浓度(mg/L);C2为密封容器中的乙烯浓度(μL/L);v为密封容器的容积(L);t为静置时间(h);m1为样品的质量(kg);m2为样品的质量(g)。
采用食品物性分析仪测定果实质地性状。随机选取20个果实,运用直径6 mm的圆柱探头,对果实赤道线附近相对的两个部位进行去皮穿刺试验。测定参数包括破裂功、破裂力、破裂位移、屈服功、屈服力和屈服位移,这些参数由物性分析仪自带软件自动计算得出。
试验采用随机设计,每次测定重复3次,使用Origin 2018、Excel进行作图,SPSS 22.0软件进行差异显著性分析(Duncan新复极差法),P˂0.05表示差异显著,P˂0.01表示差异极显著。
由图1A可知,贮藏60 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE和1-MCP+0.04PE处理果实的L*值显著低于CK组(P<0.05),MAP处理组与CK组的L*值均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中0.04PE组的L*值最高,为89.54。贮藏160 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理果实的L*值显著低于CK组(P<0.05),其余处理组与CK组的L*值无显著差异(P>0.05)。
由图1B可知,贮藏60、160 d时,0.04PE处理组的a*值最高,显著大于0.02PE、1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理组(P<0.05),0.04PE CK、0.02PE CK组与任意处理组的a*值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
由图1C和图1D可知,贮藏60 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理果实的b*值显著低于CK组(P<0.05),与1-MCP+0.04PE处理组无显著差异(P>0.05),其他处理组的b*值均与CK组无显著差异(P>0.05);1-MCP+0.02PE处理果实的C值与1-MCP+0.04PE处理组无显著性差异,显著小于其他处理组和CK组(P<0.05);1-MCP+0.04PE处理组的C值显著小于0.04PE处理组(P<0.05),与0.02PE CK组、0.02PE组、0.04PE CK组的C值无显著差异(P>0.05)。贮藏160 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理果实的b*值和C值最低,分别为39.23、39.29,显著小于其他处理组和CK组;0.04PE处理组的b*值和C值最高,分别为45.53、45.59,显著高于其他处理组和CK组(P<0.05);1-MCP+0.04PE处理组的b*值与0.02PE CK组、0.02PE组、0.04PE CK组的b*值无显著差异(P>0.05)。
由图1E可知,贮藏60 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理果实的h*值显著高于其他处理组和CK组(P<0.05),且其他处理组和CK组间的h*值无显著性差异(P>0.05)。贮藏160 d时,0.04PE处理组的h*值最低,为92.6,显著低于1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理组(P<0.05),与其他处理组和CK组无显著差异(P>0.05);1-MCP+0.02PE的h*值最高,为93.69,与0.02PE CK、0.02PE、0.04PE CK和1-MCP+0.04PE组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
‘维纳斯黄金’苹果衰老的外观表现为果皮黄色逐渐加深,并伴有油腻化程度逐渐加重的现象。由图1整体可知,随着贮藏时间的增加,果皮L*值、b*值、C值逐渐增加,a*值、h*值逐渐下降。不同处理组、CK组间的果实在整个货架期间(60+7 d、160+7 d)果皮颜色(L*值、a*值、b*值、C值、h*值)均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。可见1-MCP+MAP处理和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果货架期间果皮颜色的维持和防止果皮油腻化有作用,但作用不显著。
由表2可知,对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果出库当天进行组织褐变调查,发现所有果实均未出现果实褐变情况。与CK相比,除0.04PE处理外,其他不同处理均不同程度降低果实的果皮和果肉褐变指数,提高了果实感官分值。试验结果表明,同一贮藏时间和相同处理条件下,果肉褐变指数低于果皮褐变指数。贮藏60+7 d时,除0.04PE处理的果实发生轻微的果皮和果肉褐变,其他处理组和CK组无褐变发生;贮藏160+7 d时,0.04PE处理的果实果皮和果肉褐变指数分别为4.33、3.00,显著高于CK组(P<0.05),1-MCP+0.04PE处理组果实果皮褐变指数显著(P<0.05)低于CK组,0.02PE CK和0.04PE CK组果皮和果肉褐变指数无显著差异(P>0.05),其他处理组仍无褐变发生。同时本试验还得出不同处理组和CK组的‘维纳斯黄金’苹果在整个贮藏期间无果心褐变现象发生。1-MCP+0.02PE和1-MCP+0.04PE处理均显著维持了果实的感官品质,感官评分最高,而0.04PE处理则明显降低果实感官品质,感官评分较低,主要表现在果实外观油腻化、果肉发绵、果实有异味。综上可知,贮藏60 d,相较于CK组,0.04PE处理组可加重果皮和果肉褐变指数,其他处理组对其影响不明显;贮藏160 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE和0.02PE处理组可避免果实发生果皮和果肉褐变,1-MCP+0.04PE处理可减轻果皮褐变指数,避免果肉褐变,0.04PE处理组依旧加重了果皮和果肉褐变。
由表3可知,在整个贮藏期和货架期,同一厚度PE袋条件下,与CK组相比,MAP和1-MCP+MAP处理组可在一定程度上抑制果实硬度的下降,0.04PE处理与0.02PE CK组的硬度无显著差异,且1-MCP+0.04PE处理果实硬度显著高于0.04PE处理(P<0.05),而1-MCP+0.02PE、0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE处理组果实硬度无显著差异(P>0.05)。
由表4可知,在整个贮藏期和货架期,除0.04PE CK袋随着贮藏时间的增加,可提高果实可溶性固形物含量外,其他CK组和处理组可在一定程度上降低可溶性固形物的含量,但之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。
由表5可知,在整个贮藏期和货架期,‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果实可滴定酸含量并未随着时间的延长呈规律性下降,货架期可滴定酸含量普遍高于从冷库取出时,1-MCP+0.04PE组的可滴定酸含量最高,同一厚度的PE袋,MAP和1-MCP+MAP处理组果实的可滴定酸含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),从而说明‘维纳斯黄金’苹果经MAP和1-MCP+MAP处理可延缓可滴定酸含量的下降。
由图2可知,‘维纳斯黄金’苹果货架期间的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率的变化趋势具有一致性,0.04PE货架2 d时呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率出现峰值,0.02PE CK和0.04PE CK呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率的峰值在货架3 d时出现,而0.02PE、1-MCP+0.02PE和1-MCP+0.04PE呼吸速率以及乙烯释放速率的峰值延迟到货架4 d时出现。由此可知,相较于CK组,0.02PE、1-MCP+0.02PE和1-MCP+0.04PE处理均可延缓果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率峰值的出现时间,并降低其峰值,且1-MCP+MAP延缓效果优于0.02PE处理,而0.04PE处理将加速果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率峰值的出现时间。
由表6可知,破裂位移与破裂功呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与屈服力呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);屈服位移与破裂力、果肉硬度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与屈服功呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);屈服力与屈服功呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与果肉硬度、果肉做功呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度、果肉做功之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),且相关性较强,相关系数均在0.88以上,从而说明‘维纳斯黄金’苹果在贮藏过程中质地变化可以通过以上几个参数共同反映,因此后续主要探究破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度、果肉做功4个穿刺参数的变化。
由图3可知,随着贮藏时间的增加,‘维纳斯黄金’苹果的破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度和果肉做功均呈现不同程度的下降。其中在整个贮藏期和货架期间1-MCP+0.02PE处理的破裂力、屈服力、果肉硬度和果肉做功最高,0.04PE最低。破裂力是指样品第一次出现破碎时的力,图3A显示贮藏60 d时,所有处理果实破裂力无显著差异(P>0.05);贮藏60+7 d及160 d时,0.04PE处理破裂力最低,分别为18.15N、17.19N,显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05);贮藏160+7 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理的破裂力最高,可达19.11 N,其次是0.02PE处理破裂力,0.04PE处理破裂力最低,仅为15.39 N。
图3B显示贮藏60 d及160 d时,0.04PE处理屈服力最低,分别为18.35 N、15.48 N,与0.04PE CK屈服力无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05);贮藏60+7 d时,0.04PE处理的屈服力为16.64 N,显著低于1-MCP+0.02PE处理(P<0.05),但与其他处理屈服力均不显著(P>0.05);贮藏160+7 d时,0.04PE处理的屈服力为13.30 N,显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05),其次是0.04PE CK,0.02PE CK、0.02PE、1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE的屈服力无显著差异(P>0.05)。
图3C显示贮藏60 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理的果肉硬度,为18.28 N,显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),而其他处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);贮藏60+7 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE、0.02PE的果肉硬度分别为17.13、16.57、16.27 N,显著高于0.04PE CK、0.04PE(P<0.05),0.02PE CK与其他处理组均无显著差异(P>0.05);贮藏160 d时,0.04PE果肉硬度为14.34 N,与0.04PE CK无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05),0.02PE CK、0.02PE、1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE果肉硬度分别为15.5、15.32、15.8、15.78 N,均无显著差异(P>0.05);贮藏160+7 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE果肉硬度,分别为15.53、15.21 N,显著大于0.02PE CK、0.04PE CK、0.04PE(P<0.05),0.02PE果肉硬度,为14.32 N,与1-MCP+0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE、0.02PE CK、0.04PE CK均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
图3D显示贮藏60 d及60+7 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理的果肉做功分别为149.91 N、136.04 N,显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),其他处理组果肉做功之间无显著差异(P>0.05);贮藏160 d及160+7 d时,0.02PE、1-MCP+0.04PE果肉做功,分别为119.56、116.13;123.4、118.70 N,与其他处理均不显著(P>0.05),但1-MCP+0.02PE处理的果肉做功,为127.61、122.72 N,显著大于0.04PE CK、0.04PE、0.02PE CK(P<0.05)。
感官评分在很大程度上左右着贮藏果实后期的销售与流通,而果实组织褐变,更是果蔬采后贮藏保鲜过程中面临的关键难题[26]。王慧等[27]发现1-MCP处理能够保持安油柿果实较好的感官品质、减少果实腐烂变质、提高果实保鲜品质;刘雪梅等[28]使用1-MCP处理鸭梨,发现可减少鸭梨果皮皱缩,推迟果心褐变时间,降低褐变程度。在本项研究中发现1-MCP结合MAP处理,同样能够切实有效地防止‘维纳斯黄金’苹果在贮藏期与货架期出现果实口感变差的问题,且维持硬度效果最优,还能较好地应对果肉与果心褐变等贮藏难题。
‘维纳斯黄金’苹果采后产生油腻化以及组织褐变是制约水果贮藏保鲜的主要原因,本研究结果表明,L*值、b*值、C值、h*值等参数可以较好地表征‘维纳斯黄金’苹果贮藏过程中果皮转黄程度以及油腻化程度,这与于宛婷等[29]对玉露香梨研究结果一致。且发现在冷藏过程中,1-MCP+MAP处理和MAP处理对‘维纳斯黄金苹果’货架期间果皮颜色的维持和防止果皮油腻化有一定作用,但作用不显著,这是因为1-MCP与MAP组合可以通过改变色素的代谢从而延缓果实颜色变化,但是延缓程度不一[30]。1-MCP+0.02PE处理可明显延缓L*值、b*值、C值增加的速度,阻碍a*值、h*值的下降,因此可最好地保持果皮本身颜色、降低果皮油腻化发生,其次是1-MCP+0.04PE。另外1-MCP+0.02PE处理还显著维持了果实的感官品质,在贮藏160 d时,1-MCP+0.02PE处理组可避免果实发生果皮和果肉褐变。
乙烯可促进果实衰老[31],1-MCP通过和乙烯结合位点紧密结合[32],从而延缓乙烯生成的速率,自发气调处理则通过形成的高浓度CO2也可以抑制乙烯作用[33]。贾朝爽等[34]研究表明,使用0.02PE袋包装的塞外红果实呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰出现时间和峰值均出现延迟和降低。本次结果同样表明1-MCP+MAP处理可有效延缓果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率峰值的出现时间,并降低其峰值,这可能也是果皮转黄速度降低的原因之一,这与Yahia等[35]的研究结果一致。同时,研究还发现1-MCP+MAP处理对维持果实穿刺参数影响显著,且薄膜厚度为0.02 mm时效果最好。
依据本研究结果,相较于CK组,0.04PE处理可加重果皮和果肉褐变指数,不适合用于贮藏‘维纳斯黄金’苹果,这可能是因为‘维纳斯黄金’苹果虽对二氧化碳有一定的耐受力,但无法承受过高浓度的二氧化碳有关。‘维纳斯黄金’苹果耐二氧化碳适宜范围以及果实风味和香气变化等特性,待今后继续深入研究。
采用1-MCP搭配MAP的方式冷藏‘维纳斯黄金’苹果,能够在一定程度内减缓果皮转黄与油腻化进程,其中1-MCP搭配0.02PE袋的处理效果最为理想,能够较好地保留果实刚采摘时的脆感、口感与风味并能将其贮藏期延长至160 d以上。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020244
  • 接收时间:2025-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27
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    1中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁省果品贮藏与加工重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100
    2通辽市林业和草原科学研究所,内蒙古通辽 028000
    3通辽市森林公园管护中心,内蒙古通辽 028000

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王志华(1974−),女,本科,研究员,研究方向:特色水果采后生理及贮藏物流保鲜技术研究及推广,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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