Article(id=1320889714547209133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889471592149951, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854248891, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1771084800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854248891, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854248891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854248891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889471592149951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771084800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854190967, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854190967, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=443, endPage=452, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889714794673070, articleId=1320889714547209133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Zinc-enriched Probiotic Preparations on Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Barrier in Functional Dyspepsia Rats, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the effects of zinc-enriched probiotic preparations on gastrointestinal hormones and gastrointestinal mucosa in rats with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: The FD model rats were established via intragastric administration of iodoacetamide-sucrose solution, exhaustive swimming stress, and intermittent fasting. Mosapride citrate served as the positive control. The efficacy of zinc-enriched probiotic preparations in alleviating FD was systematically evaluated through behavioral observation, biochemical analysis, pathological examination, and detection of related genes in gastrointestinal tissues. Results: Compared with the model group, zinc-enriched probiotic preparations significantly increased body weight and food intake in FD rats (P<0.05), decreased serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gastrin (Gas), and cholecystokinin (CCK) (P<0.01), while increasing serum levels of substance P (SP) and amylase (AMS) (P<0.001). They also enhanced pepsin and trypsin activity (P<0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that the villus length and villus length-to-crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression of tight junction proteins (Cldn1, Tjp1) in the duodenum and the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor (c-Kit) and stem cell factor (SCF) in the gastric tissues were significantly upregulated (P<0.01). Conclusion: Zinc-enriched probiotic preparations can effectively alleviate FD by increasing digestive enzyme activity, regulating gastrointestinal hormone levels, enhancing gastrointestinal motility, and repairing the mucosal barrier (through upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the stem cell factor pathway). They have potential clinical application value and are worthy of further in-depth research.

, authors=Xihua YU1, 2, Yi WANG1, 2, Liuruolan LI1, 2, Qianqian LI3, Shumao CUI3, *, authorsList=Xihua YU, Yi WANG, Liuruolan LI, Qianqian LI, Shumao CUI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shumao CUI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889717973955521, articleId=1320889714547209133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=富锌益生菌制剂对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠激素及胃肠道黏膜屏障的影响, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探讨富锌益生菌制剂对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃肠激素水平及胃肠道黏膜的改善作用。方法:采用碘乙酰胺蔗糖混合溶液灌胃联合游泳力竭与隔日禁食法建立FD大鼠模型,以莫沙必利为阳性对照,通过行为学观察、生化指标检测、病理学检查及胃肠组织相关基因检测,系统评估富锌益生菌制剂在缓解FD方面的效果。结果:与模型组相比,富锌益生菌制剂可显著增加FD大鼠体重和摄食量(P<0.05);降低血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、胃泌素(Gas)和胆囊收缩素(CCK)水平(P<0.01),同时升高血清P物质(SP)和淀粉酶(AMS)水平(P<0.001),并增强胃蛋白酶活性和胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);组织病理学显示,十二指肠及空肠的绒毛长度和绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值明显升高(P<0.05),且十二指肠紧密连接蛋白基因(Cldn1、Tjp1)表达显著上调(P<0.05),胃组织中酪氨酸激酶受体(c-Kit)及干细胞因子基因(SCF)表达水平显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:富锌益生菌制剂可通过提高消化酶活性,调节胃肠激素水平,增强胃肠动力及修复黏膜屏障(通过上调紧密连接蛋白和激活干细胞因子通路),有效缓解FD,具有潜在临床应用价值,值得进一步深入研究。

, authors=喻喜华1, 2, 王一1, 2, 李刘若兰1, 2, 李乾乾3, 崔树茂3, *, authorsList=喻喜华, 王一, 李刘若兰, 李乾乾, 崔树茂, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=崔树茂, authorNote=

喻喜华(1985−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:药品及食品产品开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
崔树茂(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术与功能食品的研究与开发,E-mail:。
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Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2014, 36: 157−165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889718221419458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889718229808067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, companyId=1320889718221419458, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Sinopharm Xingsha Pharmaceuticals (Xiamen) Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889718242390980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, companyId=1320889718221419458, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1国药控股星鲨制药(厦门)有限公司,福建厦门 361026)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889718309499845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889718317888454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, companyId=1320889718309499845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Xiamen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Infant Health and Nutrition Products, Xiamen 361026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889718326277063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, companyId=1320889718309499845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2厦门市母婴健康营养产品重点实验室,福建厦门 361026)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889718393385928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889718401774537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, companyId=1320889718393385928, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889718410163146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, companyId=1320889718393385928, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889722310865903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Changes of body weight before and after intervention and the changes of food intake after intervention in each group, figureFileSmall=qvHMJYLd69umodEblMmIXw==, figureFileBig=Bx9wglVBYBOJgpfvAjwQEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722365391856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各组大鼠干预前后体重变化及干预后摄食量变化

注:a. 造模后体重;b. 干预后体重;c. 干预后摄食量;NC:空白对照组;Mod:模型组;W:无益生菌制剂组;Zn1195:活性Zn- CCFM1195组;1069:活性CCFM1069组;C:富锌益生菌制剂组;MoSa:莫沙必利组;#表示与空白对照组相比P<0.05,##表示P<0.01,###表示P<0.001;*表示与模型组相比P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001;表示ns P>0.05;图2~图4、图6~图9同。

, figureFileSmall=qvHMJYLd69umodEblMmIXw==, figureFileBig=Bx9wglVBYBOJgpfvAjwQEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722558329841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in gastric juice output, pepsin output and pepsin activity per hour after pyloric ligation in rats of each group, figureFileSmall=V/ox4bOHH2bhfBGZu2LigA==, figureFileBig=D+XpJDX+dMeSl7DPtOPb5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722625438706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组大鼠幽门结扎后每小时胃液排出量、胃蛋白酶排出量及胃蛋白酶活性变化

注:a:每小时胃液排出量;b:每小时胃蛋白酶排出量;c:胃蛋白酶活性。

, figureFileSmall=V/ox4bOHH2bhfBGZu2LigA==, figureFileBig=D+XpJDX+dMeSl7DPtOPb5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722684158963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes in pancreatic tissue lipase activity, protease activity and serum amylase content in each group of rats after intervention, figureFileSmall=YvuSPEL4K3Wmvka9UacmIw==, figureFileBig=FTEfNMZnO+UUAZyH9DISHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722755462132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组大鼠干预后胰腺组织脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性及血清淀粉酶含量变化

注:a:胰腺脂肪酶活性;b:胰腺蛋白酶活性;c:血清淀粉酶活性。

, figureFileSmall=YvuSPEL4K3Wmvka9UacmIw==, figureFileBig=FTEfNMZnO+UUAZyH9DISHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722839348213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes in serum gastrointestinal hormone levels in each group of rats after intervention, figureFileSmall=DXJIMQM1NhF8IDTGJ86IVQ==, figureFileBig=AZTw++oXOseGYlm87Co0yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722906457078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图4, caption=各组大鼠干预后血清胃肠激素水平变化

注:a:5-HT;b:Gas;c:CCK;d:SP。

, figureFileSmall=DXJIMQM1NhF8IDTGJ86IVQ==, figureFileBig=AZTw++oXOseGYlm87Co0yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889722973565943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Morphological changes of gastric tissues in each group of rats, figureFileSmall=SrnFu04fKCaWDF/unWZxsA==, figureFileBig=VpsWrASMmZ6fImkQf4AZMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723032286200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组大鼠胃组织形态学变化

注:a:空白对照组;b:模型组;c:无益生菌制剂组;d:活性Zn- CCFM1195组;e:活性CCFM1069组;f:富锌益生菌制剂组;g:莫沙必利组。

, figureFileSmall=SrnFu04fKCaWDF/unWZxsA==, figureFileBig=VpsWrASMmZ6fImkQf4AZMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723099395065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Morphological changes of duodenal tissues in each group of rats, figureFileSmall=eLBS3VdUEJtVsjXCU1mOWQ==, figureFileBig=cEOz/nF5vvtVrTpLJec5AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723179086842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各组大鼠十二指肠组织形态学变化

注:a:空白对照组;b:模型组;c:无益生菌制剂组;d:活性Zn- CCFM1195组;e:活性CCFM1069组;f:富锌益生菌制剂组;g:莫沙必利组;h:肠绒毛长度;i:隐窝深度;j:绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值。

, figureFileSmall=eLBS3VdUEJtVsjXCU1mOWQ==, figureFileBig=cEOz/nF5vvtVrTpLJec5AQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723237807099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Morphological changes of jejunum tissue in each group of rats, figureFileSmall=ZfaBoitXVIabdhYQSnwtmA==, figureFileBig=9Jdc96EVjbEMn8SQ3jZ/JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723304915964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各组大鼠空肠组织形态学变化

注:a:空白对照组;b:模型组;c:无益生菌制剂组;d:活性Zn- CCFM1195组;e:活性CCFM1069组;f:富锌益生菌制剂组;g:莫沙必利组;h:肠绒毛长度;i:隐窝深度;j:绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值。

, figureFileSmall=ZfaBoitXVIabdhYQSnwtmA==, figureFileBig=9Jdc96EVjbEMn8SQ3jZ/JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723359441917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Relative gene expression of c-Kit and SCF in gastric tissues of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=5zRByCRqp7ZomyTklALFZw==, figureFileBig=25yQDYmHlD8TqEE6Eiob+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723426550782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图8, caption=各组大鼠胃组织c-Kit和SCF相对基因表达量

注:a:c-Kit;b:SCF。

, figureFileSmall=5zRByCRqp7ZomyTklALFZw==, figureFileBig=25yQDYmHlD8TqEE6Eiob+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723506242559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Relative gene expression of Cldn1, Tjp1, and Ocln in duodenal tissue of rats in each group, figureFileSmall=wa37eC0XkteE6wJxK9ax+w==, figureFileBig=+1A3jymhHr+AN1RB5Ky5mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723590128640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=图9, caption=各组大鼠十二指肠组织Cldn1、Tjp1及Ocln相对基因表达量

注:a:Cldn1;b:Tjp1;c:Ocln。

, figureFileSmall=wa37eC0XkteE6wJxK9ax+w==, figureFileBig=+1A3jymhHr+AN1RB5Ky5mg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889723682402304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Group classification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预样品数量(只)
空白对照组生理盐水6
模型组生理盐水6
无益生菌制剂组辅料6
活性Zn- CCFM 1195Zn-CCFM11956
活性CCFM 1069CCFM10696
富锌益生菌制剂组Zn-CCFM1195+CCFM1069+辅料6
阳性对照莫沙必利6
), ArticleFig(id=1320889723749511169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

组别划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别干预样品数量(只)
空白对照组生理盐水6
模型组生理盐水6
无益生菌制剂组辅料6
活性Zn- CCFM 1195Zn-CCFM11956
活性CCFM 1069CCFM10696
富锌益生菌制剂组Zn-CCFM1195+CCFM1069+辅料6
阳性对照莫沙必利6
), ArticleFig(id=1320889723816620034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Primer sequences

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因正向序列反向序列
c-KitTCTGCTCTGCGTC
CTGTTGG
GGCTGGATGGATG
GTGGAGAC
SCFCCTTAGGAATGACAG
CAGTAGCAG
GCCAATTACAAGCGA
AATGAGAGC
Cldn1CCTGGCTTCGCTG
GGATGG
CCTGAGCAGTCAC
GATGTTGTC
Tjp1TGATGATCGTCTGTC
CTACCTGTC
GCCTTCTGTATCTGTG
TCTTCATAGTC
OclnCATCTTTGGAGGAA
GTATGAACTACCC
ACCGTAGCCGT
AACCGTAACC
GapdhCAAGTTCAACGGC
ACAGTCAAGG
ACATACTCAGCAC
CAGCATCACC
), ArticleFig(id=1320889725481758723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因正向序列反向序列
c-KitTCTGCTCTGCGTC
CTGTTGG
GGCTGGATGGATG
GTGGAGAC
SCFCCTTAGGAATGACAG
CAGTAGCAG
GCCAATTACAAGCGA
AATGAGAGC
Cldn1CCTGGCTTCGCTG
GGATGG
CCTGAGCAGTCAC
GATGTTGTC
Tjp1TGATGATCGTCTGTC
CTACCTGTC
GCCTTCTGTATCTGTG
TCTTCATAGTC
OclnCATCTTTGGAGGAA
GTATGAACTACCC
ACCGTAGCCGT
AACCGTAACC
GapdhCAAGTTCAACGGC
ACAGTCAAGG
ACATACTCAGCAC
CAGCATCACC
), ArticleFig(id=1320889725599199236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amplification program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤循环数反应温度(℃)反应时间(s)
第一阶段19530
第二阶段40953~10
6010~30
), ArticleFig(id=1320889725674696709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889714547209133, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

扩增程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
步骤循环数反应温度(℃)反应时间(s)
第一阶段19530
第二阶段40953~10
6010~30
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富锌益生菌制剂对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠激素及胃肠道黏膜屏障的影响
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喻喜华 1, 2 , 王一 1, 2 , 李刘若兰 1, 2 , 李乾乾 3 , 崔树茂 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(4): 443-452
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (4) : 443 -452
富锌益生菌制剂对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠激素及胃肠道黏膜屏障的影响
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喻喜华1, 2 , 王一1, 2, 李刘若兰1, 2, 李乾乾3, 崔树茂3, *
作者信息
  • 1国药控股星鲨制药(厦门)有限公司,福建厦门 361026
  • 2厦门市母婴健康营养产品重点实验室,福建厦门 361026
  • 3江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
通讯作者:
崔树茂(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术与功能食品的研究与开发,E-mail:。
作者简介:

喻喜华(1985−),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:药品及食品产品开发,E-mail:

Effect of Zinc-enriched Probiotic Preparations on Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Barrier in Functional Dyspepsia Rats
Xihua YU1, 2 , Yi WANG1, 2, Liuruolan LI1, 2, Qianqian LI3, Shumao CUI3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Sinopharm Xingsha Pharmaceuticals (Xiamen) Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361026, China
  • 2Xiamen Key Laboratory of Maternal and Infant Health and Nutrition Products, Xiamen 361026, China
  • 3School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
出版时间: 2026-02-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020222
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目的:探讨富锌益生菌制剂对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃肠激素水平及胃肠道黏膜的改善作用。方法:采用碘乙酰胺蔗糖混合溶液灌胃联合游泳力竭与隔日禁食法建立FD大鼠模型,以莫沙必利为阳性对照,通过行为学观察、生化指标检测、病理学检查及胃肠组织相关基因检测,系统评估富锌益生菌制剂在缓解FD方面的效果。结果:与模型组相比,富锌益生菌制剂可显著增加FD大鼠体重和摄食量(P<0.05);降低血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、胃泌素(Gas)和胆囊收缩素(CCK)水平(P<0.01),同时升高血清P物质(SP)和淀粉酶(AMS)水平(P<0.001),并增强胃蛋白酶活性和胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);组织病理学显示,十二指肠及空肠的绒毛长度和绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值明显升高(P<0.05),且十二指肠紧密连接蛋白基因(Cldn1、Tjp1)表达显著上调(P<0.05),胃组织中酪氨酸激酶受体(c-Kit)及干细胞因子基因(SCF)表达水平显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:富锌益生菌制剂可通过提高消化酶活性,调节胃肠激素水平,增强胃肠动力及修复黏膜屏障(通过上调紧密连接蛋白和激活干细胞因子通路),有效缓解FD,具有潜在临床应用价值,值得进一步深入研究。

富锌益生菌制剂  /  胃肠激素  /  消化酶  /  功能性消化不良

Objective: To investigate the effects of zinc-enriched probiotic preparations on gastrointestinal hormones and gastrointestinal mucosa in rats with functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: The FD model rats were established via intragastric administration of iodoacetamide-sucrose solution, exhaustive swimming stress, and intermittent fasting. Mosapride citrate served as the positive control. The efficacy of zinc-enriched probiotic preparations in alleviating FD was systematically evaluated through behavioral observation, biochemical analysis, pathological examination, and detection of related genes in gastrointestinal tissues. Results: Compared with the model group, zinc-enriched probiotic preparations significantly increased body weight and food intake in FD rats (P<0.05), decreased serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gastrin (Gas), and cholecystokinin (CCK) (P<0.01), while increasing serum levels of substance P (SP) and amylase (AMS) (P<0.001). They also enhanced pepsin and trypsin activity (P<0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that the villus length and villus length-to-crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression of tight junction proteins (Cldn1, Tjp1) in the duodenum and the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor (c-Kit) and stem cell factor (SCF) in the gastric tissues were significantly upregulated (P<0.01). Conclusion: Zinc-enriched probiotic preparations can effectively alleviate FD by increasing digestive enzyme activity, regulating gastrointestinal hormone levels, enhancing gastrointestinal motility, and repairing the mucosal barrier (through upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the stem cell factor pathway). They have potential clinical application value and are worthy of further in-depth research.

zinc-enriched probiotic preparations  /  gastrointestinal hormones  /  digestive enzyme  /  functional dyspepsia
喻喜华, 王一, 李刘若兰, 李乾乾, 崔树茂. 富锌益生菌制剂对功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠激素及胃肠道黏膜屏障的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (4) : 443 -452 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020222
Xihua YU, Yi WANG, Liuruolan LI, Qianqian LI, Shumao CUI. Effect of Zinc-enriched Probiotic Preparations on Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Barrier in Functional Dyspepsia Rats[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (4) : 443 -452 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020222
功能性消化不良(Functional Dyspepsia,FD)是指位于上腹部的一种或一组症状,主要包括餐后饱胀、早饱、上腹部疼痛或上腹部烧灼感,也可以表现为厌食、嗳气、恶心、呕吐、上腹部胀气或反酸,而经适当评估排除器质性、系统性或代谢性疾病的一组常见临床综合征[1]。近年来,FD的发病率逐年增加,西方国家为10%~40%,亚洲国家为5%~30%[2]。
FD具有慢性、反复性间断性发作等特点,长时期的消化不良易影响患儿正常的营养吸收,从而导致身高增长缓慢,对患儿的生长发育和身心健康产生不利的影响[3]。但其病因及确切的发病机制尚不完全清楚,多数认为可能与胃肠道蠕动和敏感性、脑肠轴功能障碍、幽门螺杆菌感染、社会心理因素、肠道菌群和遗传学有关[4−5]。目前治疗FD的主要方法包括幽门螺杆菌根除治疗、抑酸疗法、促动力疗法、抗抑郁疗法和中医中药疗法[1],但往往停药后疗效不能巩固,疾病容易复发;并且因儿童处于生长发育时期,各脏器功能还不健全,有些药物在儿童中的安全性尚不明确,因此在临床用药上受到很大的限制[6]。
益生菌是活的微生物补充剂,如果摄入足够,它们会对宿主产生一系列健康益处[7]。益生菌已被证明对几种胃肠道疾病有益效果,包括腹泻[8]、便秘[9]等,此外有研究表明补充益生菌可以显著减轻胃肠道症状,包括恶心、餐后饱胀感和上消化道疼痛[10−11],一些研究已经报道了益生菌对FD的治疗作用。动物双歧杆菌乳酸亚种BL-99,副干酪乳杆菌LC-37、凝结芽孢杆菌MY01和枯草芽孢杆菌MY02可显著缓解餐后不适、上腹痛、嗳气和其他FD症状[10−12]。此外,已经报道了益生菌给药对血清胃蛋白酶原和胃泌素的变化[13]。然而,益生菌的治疗效果因细菌菌株而异。已有研究表明,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌可促进肠道黏膜健康,改善肠道通透性屏障[14]。基于前期研究发现富锌长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1195,作为一种含有活性乳酸菌的新型膳食锌源,不仅有乳酸菌的益生功能,还可以补充锌以满足身体的营养需求[15]。副干酪乳酪杆菌CCFM1069能耐受人体胃肠环境,显著提高小肠推进率,增加肠道内短链脂肪酸的含量,具有非常广泛的应用前景[16]。为拓展其应用领域,本研究建立FD模型,探究复配CCFM1069及富锌CCFM1195的益生菌制剂对胃肠激素及胃肠道黏膜屏障的影响。
7只SPF级母带子SD大鼠(生产许可证号为:SYXK(苏)2021-0056) 北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司;大鼠胃动素(Gas)、大鼠血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、大鼠胆囊收缩素(CCK)、大鼠P物质(SP)、大鼠血清淀粉酶(AMS)、大鼠胰蛋白酶(TRY)、大鼠胰脂肪酶(LPS)生化试剂盒 上海酶联生物科技有限公司;富锌长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1195(活菌数为6.7×109 CFU/g,锌含量2.82 mg/g)、长双歧杆菌长亚种CCFM1195(活菌数为1.5×1011 CFU/g)、副干酪乳酪杆菌CCFM1069(活菌数为2.7×1011 CFU/g)、无益生菌制剂(辅料) 无锡特殊食品与营养健康研究院;配方 国药控股星鲨制药(厦门)有限公司;枸橼酸莫沙必利片 福建海西新药创制股份有限公司;盐酸及其他常规试剂或耗材 国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
MLS-3750型高温高压灭菌锅 日本SANYO公司;隔水式恒温培养箱(GRP-9160型) 森信实验仪器有限公司;MS 3 basic型旋涡振荡器 德国IKA公司;5804R型高速冷冻离心机 德国Eppendorf公司;Multiscan Go全波长酶标仪 美国Thermo fisher公司;Milli-Q水净化系统 密理博公司;SCIENTZ-48型高通量组织研磨器 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;PANNORMIC MIDI型数字切片扫描仪 匈牙利3DHISTECH公司;SCIENTZ-48型高通量组织研磨器 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;Bio-Rad S1000聚合酶链反应核酸扩增仪(PCR) 美国Bio-Rad公司。
7只SPF级母带子SD大鼠,动物伦理编号为:JN.No20240430S0800830[201];每只母鼠携带5~7只6日龄雄性乳鼠单独放置一笼,饲养大鼠的环境为屏障环境(温度:24~26 ℃;湿度:40%~60%),每24 h为一个明暗循环。母鼠自由饮食,乳鼠由母鼠提供乳汁,适应性喂养4 d。
模型复制参考碘乙酰胺灌胃+隔日禁食+游泳力竭的综合建模方法[17]。乳鼠至10日龄时,随机筛选1笼幼鼠为正常组,其余6笼为模型组。正常组乳鼠每日用2%蔗糖溶液灌胃1次(0.2 mL/只),模型组每日用0.1%碘乙酰胺蔗糖溶液灌胃1次(0.2 mL/只),连续灌胃1周。乳鼠至3周龄时,断乳,称重并编号,给与正常饲料喂养;6周龄时起,模型组大鼠隔日禁食+游泳力竭综合造模3周,正常组大鼠正常饲养。
至大鼠9周龄,将模型组随机分为模型组、阳性对照组(莫沙必利,1.35 mg/kg)及其余4个干预组(表1),灌胃量2 mL/只,含益生菌组每日每只总灌胃活菌数达到109 CFU,富锌益生菌制剂组锌含量为0.4 mg(根据儿童每天制剂和锌摄入量换算)。每日一次,连续灌胃2周。实验期间各组大鼠饲喂标准饲料。
实验结束时将所有大鼠禁食不禁水24 h,采用异氟烷麻醉大鼠幽门结扎法收集2 h内排出的胃液。实验结束后,麻醉结扎大鼠贲门,静脉取血,然后脱颈处死大鼠,取各组大鼠胃、胰腺、十二指肠及空肠上端组织保存在−80 ℃冰箱,用于后续检测。血液在4 ℃,3000×g条件下离心10 min,取上清分装,−80 ℃冻存备用。
每周2次,同一时间测定各组大鼠的体重,评估其变化情况。
每周2次,同一时间测定各组大鼠的摄食量,评估差异。
实验结束时将所有大鼠禁食不禁水24 h,采用异氟烷麻醉大鼠幽门结扎法收集2 h内排出的胃液,测定单位时间内胃液量。蛋白管制作及测量方法参考文献[18]。简而言之用内径1 mm,长100 mm的毛细玻璃管吸满新鲜鸡蛋清,置于热水中凝固鸡蛋清,即得蛋白管。取1 mL胃液放入50 mL的三角烧瓶中,加入15 mL的0.05 mol/L盐酸溶液,摇匀,放入两根新鲜制作的蛋白管,恒温箱(37 ℃)中孵育24 h,取出蛋白管,用直尺测量蛋白管两端透明部分的长度(mm),以四端之值求其平均值。胃蛋白酶活性和胃蛋白酶排出量的计算如公式所示[18]:
$\begin{split} & \rm 胃蛋白酶活性单位(U/mL)=\\& 四端蛋白管透明部分长度均值^{ \mathrm{2}} \mathrm{\times 16} \end{split}$
$\begin{split} & \mathrm{胃蛋白酶排出量(U/h)=}\\& {胃蛋白酶活性\times 每小时胃液量} \end{split}$
取0.1~0.2 g胰腺组织,分别加10倍体积的提取液在冰浴中匀浆,4 ℃,3000 r/min离心20 min,取上清液,按照试剂盒说明书分别检测大鼠胰腺组织中蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性。
从冰箱中取出部分血清,按照试剂盒的说明书进行操作,最后通过外标法获得标准曲线,从而根据吸光度计算出样品中所含待测物质的浓度。
收集胃液后将胃组织沿胃大弯处剪开并用生理盐水洗涤以去除食糜。取一部分腺胃、十二指肠和空肠上端分别固定在10%福尔马林中,48 h后,制备石蜡块,切下厚度为4 μm的切片,然后用苏木精和伊红染色。数字扫描仪扫描切片后,使用CaseViewer软件浏览数字切片,选取结构层次清晰,均匀染色区域拍照,参考文献[19]使用软件测量小肠(十二指肠、空肠)从绒毛顶端至隐窝开口处的垂直距离为绒毛高度,从隐窝开口至隐窝基部的垂直距离为隐窝深度,并根据上述测量结果计算绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值。
称取适量腺胃及十二指肠组织,除去内容物后采用RNA提取试剂盒提取组织中RNA,参照逆转录试剂盒进行RNA逆转录,根据SYBR试剂盒内容配置荧光定量PCR体系,检测胃组织中c-Kit及SCF基因,十二指肠中Cldn1,Tjp1,及Ocln基因表达水平。通过内参基因Gapdh标准化后,使用(2−ΔΔCt)比较方法,分析靶基因的表达量。RT-qPCR分析中使用的引物序列如表2所示,扩增程序如表3所示。
采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件对结果进行分析,通过平均数±标准差(mean±SD)形式来描绘计量数据值,通过未配对t检验或方差分析验证组间的统计学意义,P<0.05表示结果具有统计学差异。
FD可能导致患者因食欲减退、消化吸收不良或能量摄入不足而出现体重下降。体重的动态变化可直接反映疾病对机体的影响程度,摄食量的减少是FD的核心症状之一。如图1所示,与空白对照组(449.9±8.381 g)相比,造模后模型组(356.2±9.961 g)大鼠体重显著降低(P<0.001),经过2周的干预后,与模型组(463.0±23.78 g)相比富锌益生菌制剂组(554.2±10.39 g)大鼠体重显著升高(P<0.05),其(35.58±1.739 g/d)摄食量与模型组(24.80±1.560 g/d)相比也显著升高(P<0.01),提示富锌益生菌制剂可提高FD模型大鼠食欲,进而增加体重。
此外,除富锌益生菌制剂或莫沙必利组外,与模型组相比,其他干预组体重和摄食量变化并无显著性差异(P>0.05),可能是由于干预时间较短或是单独成分效果不如复配后产生的效果,各组分之间具有协同增效的作用。
FD患者常伴随胃排空延迟、胃动力异常或胃酸分泌失调。胃蛋白酶活性异常可能直接导致食物(尤其是蛋白质)消化不完全,引发腹胀、早饱、嗳气等症状。如图2所示,各组大鼠单位时间内胃液排出量无显著差异(P>0.05)。与空白对照组相比(86.50±12.00 μ/h,36.67±6.936 μ/mL),模型组大鼠胃蛋白酶排出量(36.29±12.81 μ/h)及胃蛋白酶活性(14.45±3.871 μ/mL)显著降低(P<0.05),提示功能性消化不良会导致机体营养物质吸收障碍进而导致体重下降。经过2周的干预后,各个干预组的胃蛋白酶排出量虽有不同程度的升高,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);此外与模型组相比富锌益生菌制剂组(36.17±3.465 μ/mL)胃蛋白酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),表明富锌益生菌制剂具有提高消化能力的潜在优势。
蛋白酶能消化分解蛋白质、脂肪,协助机体吸收氨基酸、脂肪乳等;脂肪酶将甘油三酯分解成机体可吸收的甘油和脂肪酸;淀粉酶将淀粉水解成葡萄糖、麦芽糖等小糖分子[20]。有研究报道FD大鼠的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活性显著下降[21−22]。如图3所示,经过2周的干预后,各组大鼠胰腺脂肪酶虽有不同程度的升高,但与模型组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);无益生菌制剂组(15.24±1.495 U/g)和富锌益生菌制剂组(18.10±1.539 U/g)大鼠胰腺蛋白酶活性与模型组(5.783±1.398 U/g)相比显著升高(P<0.01)。此外,与模型组相比(65.00±3.088 ng/mL),5种受试样品均可显著升高大鼠血清中淀粉酶含量(W:98.85±4.778 ng/mL,Zn1195:98.11±2.526 ng/mL,1069:90.71±7.924 ng/mL,C:118.3±3.518 ng/mL,MoSa:125.9±3.699 ng/mL)(P<0.05),其中以富锌益生菌制剂和莫沙必利效果最为显著(P<0.001),提示富锌益生菌制剂可提高FD大鼠消化吸收的功能,进而提高FD大鼠食欲,增加摄食量。
人体内5-HT主要作用是直接兴奋肠道平滑肌,诱发胃肠道感知、运动及分泌的改变[23],而5-HT信号系统异常会导致内脏敏感性增高[24]。Gas可促进胃体和胃窦收缩,增加门括约肌的张力,延缓胃的排空,是反映胃肠动力的常用指标。其分泌过多时,会促使胃酸过度分泌,进而破坏胃黏膜屏障[25]。CCK会抑制胃排空率,促进分泌胃酸,同时还会刺激神经系统,产生饱腹感,抑制摄食[22]。SP可刺激胃肠道平滑肌及括约肌收缩,增强胃肠道运动及收缩,加速胃排空[26]。为探究富锌益生菌制剂对FD大鼠胃肠激素的影响,本研究采用试剂盒检测了各组大鼠血清中5-HT、Gas、CCK及SP含量。
如图4所示,模型组大鼠血清5-HT、Gas及CCK水平较空白组大鼠分别升高了54.6%、109.7%、72.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),而模型组大鼠血清中SP含量则显著下降了14.7%(P<0.01)。表明FD患者内脏敏感增高导致5-HT表达水平异常,与赵静怡等[27]、赵鲁卿等[28]研究结果一致。而富锌益生菌制剂可显著降低FD大鼠血清5-HT、Gas及CCK水平(P<0.01),缓解内脏敏感性,上调血清中SP含量(P<0.001),增强胃肠道运动及收缩,加速胃排空。
此外,无益生菌制剂组对胃肠激素同样具有调节作用,有研究报道低聚果糖和菊粉可调控便秘小鼠胃动素、SP、皮质酮及血管活性肠肽等神经内分泌因子的分泌水平,改善肠道菌群结构,并显著提升粪便短链脂肪酸浓度,与本研究部分结果一致[29–30]。值得注意的是,功能菌株活性Zn-CCFM1195及活性CCFM1069虽可有效调控5-HT、胃泌素及SP的表达,但对CCK的调节作用未达显著水平。已有文献证实,长双歧杆菌在干预婴幼儿肠易激综合征(及炎症性肠病)等胃肠道疾病中表现出显著益生特性[31],其机制可能与调控胃肠激素分泌网络有关。特别值得关注的是,本课题组前期研究已揭示CCFM1069可通过上调便秘小鼠粪便含水量、增强肠道推进功能,并特异性调节血清胃动素及结肠组织5-HT水平[16],这些发现为本研究提供了重要的实验依据。
如图5所示,显微镜下观察空白对照组大鼠腺胃组织结构清晰,腺状结构规则,无炎性细胞浸润,黏膜上皮细胞形态和间质大小相同,黏膜无充血、水肿。模型组大鼠胃组织黏膜面可见多发性小出血点(黑色箭头所示),腺体底部血管水肿扩张(红色箭头所示),黏膜下层水肿(绿色箭头所示),可见少量炎性细胞(蓝色箭头所示);无益生菌制剂组大鼠黏膜面出血点减少,腺体底部仍有血管扩张(红色箭头所示);其余四组大鼠胃组织结构清晰,腺状结构规则,黏膜面无充血,但黏膜下层均有不同程度的水肿(绿色箭头所示),推测可能是由于实验结束的幽门结扎手术引起。
十二指肠是小肠的第一部分,通过分泌激素和神经信号,参与调节胃肠道的运动,是食物消化和营养物质吸收的主要场所之一[32]。绒毛长度、隐窝深度及其比值通常能够综合反映出小肠黏膜的形态结构和屏障功能,是衡量消化吸收能力的常用指标,比值升高表示其消化吸收功能增强[33]。如图6所示,空白对照组微绒毛边缘整齐,黏膜结构完整,肠上皮细胞紧密有序排列。模型组肠绒毛排列稀疏、变短,部分肠绒毛断裂且伴有少量出血点,隐窝深度增加,绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值降低了31.1%;经过2周的干预后,与模型组相比,受试样品均可显著增加十二指肠绒毛长度(P<0.01),此外富锌益生菌制剂可显著增加绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值(25.2%),促进机体营养物质吸收。
空肠是小肠的中段,主要负责消化和吸收脂肪和其他营养物质[34]。空肠的黏膜还可以分泌多种胃肠激素,这些激素对于调节胃肠运动、消化和吸收等生理功能具有重要作用[35]。如图7所示,空白对照组黏膜上皮细胞排列规则,边缘整齐,黏膜结构完整,偶见少量出血点。模型组肠绒毛短小,可见长条状出血点,黏膜上皮细胞排列不规则,偶见上皮细胞脱落,绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值降低;无益生菌制剂组肠绒毛变短,黏膜上皮细胞脱落;其余4组未出现以上病理状况,且富锌益生菌制剂显著增加了绒毛长度与隐窝深度的比值,提示小肠肠道结构逐渐恢复完整,消化吸收能力增加。
Cajal间质细胞(ICC)介导胃肠道运动神经系统的输入到平滑肌,并通过产生自发的慢电波来刺激有节奏的蠕动,从而充当胃肠道运动的起搏器。ICC的缺失或功能障碍是胃肠道动力障碍的一个原因,尤其是FD[36]。因此,ICC目前被认为是FD患者药物干预的靶标。c-Kit由ICC特异性表达,当与其特异性配体SCF结合时,可以调节ICC的增殖和分化过程[37]。如图8所示,与空白对照组相比,FD模型组大鼠胃组织中c-Kit及SCF基因表达量分别下调了75.3%和63.9%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),表明ICC中分化生物标志物(c-Kit和SCF)的水平降低[38]。此外有研究发现在几种人工胃肠道运动障碍啮齿动物模型中,ICC结构的改善与胃肠运动呈正相关[39]。在本研究中,经过富锌益生菌制剂干预2周后,与模型组相比,ICC分化生物标志物c-Kit和SCF的基因表达量显著升高了329.9%和50.3%(P<0.01),推测富锌益生菌制剂可改善ICC结构,进而提高FD模型大鼠的胃肠动力。
紧密连接蛋白(Cldn 1、Tjp1及Ocln)为第一道细胞旁屏障,可保护肠黏膜免受外部环境的影响。有研究表明FD患者十二指肠绒毛变短、数量减少,黏膜完整性受损,紧密链接蛋白表达量下降[40–41]。在本研究中,FD模型大鼠肠组织紧密连接蛋白基因表达量显著下降(P<0.001),经过富锌益生菌制剂的干预后Cldn 1和Tjp1的基因表达量显著升高(P<0.05),Ocln基因表达量同样有所升高,但与模型组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。上述结果表明富锌益生菌制剂具有改善FD大鼠十二指肠黏膜完整性的潜力。
本研究建立的FD大鼠模型出现体重下降、摄食量减少、胃蛋白酶活性下降、胃肠激素分泌紊乱等症状,给予富锌益生菌制剂干预后,可一定程度上改善FD大鼠的症状,提高胃肠动力及消化酶活性,改善胃肠激素紊乱及内脏敏感性等问题,促进胃排空加速营养物质的消化吸收,为阐明富锌益生菌制剂缓解FD提供理论依据。

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2026年第47卷第4期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020222
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    1国药控股星鲨制药(厦门)有限公司,福建厦门 361026
    2厦门市母婴健康营养产品重点实验室,福建厦门 361026
    3江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122

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崔树茂(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品生物技术与功能食品的研究与开发,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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