Article(id=1320883922842530588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020218, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852868041, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852868041, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852868041, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852868041, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=379, endPage=386, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883923048051485, articleId=1320883922842530588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effects of L-Arginine on Skin Photoaging and Expression of AQP3 and FLG in Mice, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of L-Arginine on ultraviolet-induced skin photoaging in mice and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with UVB and UVA to successfully establish a skin photoaging model. Meanwhile, the mice were intervened with oral and transdermal administration. Subsequently, the indicators related to skin function and oxidative stress in the serum of each group of mice were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson, and toluidine blue (TB) staining were used to observe the pathological changes in skin structure. Western blot and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expressions of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and filaggrin (FLG). Results: Following oral or transdermal administration of high-dose L-arginine, we detected significant increases in the contents of collagen I, hydroxyproline, hyaluronic acid, and ceramide in the sera of mice (P<0.05). Furthermore, we detected the enhanced activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase (P<0.05), whereas there were significant reductions in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05), thereby indicating a clear enhancement of the antioxidant capacities of mice. Concurrently, the pathological manifestations of photoaging in skin tissue were markedly alleviated, and we detected the up-regulated expression of AQP3 and FLG proteins (P<0.05). Conclusion: By enhancing antioxidant capacity, promoting skin tissue repair, and regulating the expression of key proteins, L-arginine can contribute to an effective alleviation of photoaging damage, thereby providing a scientific basis and diverse options for the development of functional foods, functional cosmetics, and drugs.

, authors=Jiahui WU1, Yonglei YUAN1, Liping QU1, 2, *, authorsList=Jiahui WU, Yonglei YUAN, Liping QU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liping QU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883926063756072, articleId=1320883922842530588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=L-精氨酸对小鼠皮肤光老化的改善作用及对皮肤AQP3、FLG表达的影响, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探究L-精氨酸对紫外线诱导的小鼠皮肤光老化的治疗效果及其潜在分子机制。方法:采用UVB和UVA联合辐照C57BL/6J小鼠成功构建皮肤光老化模型,与此同时采用口服与透皮给药两种途径对小鼠实施干预,然后测定各组小鼠血清中与皮肤功能性和氧化应激相关的指标,运用苏木精-伊红(HE)、马松(Masson)及甲苯胺蓝(TB)染色观察皮肤病理变化,并借助蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)和免疫荧光(IF)检测水通道蛋白3(AQP3)和丝聚蛋白(FLG)的表达。结果:高剂量L-精氨酸口服或透皮给药后,小鼠血清中I型胶原蛋白(CoL-I)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、透明质酸(HA)及神经酰胺(CER)含量显著回升(P<0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)水平降低(P<0.05),表明机体抗氧化能力明显提升。与此同时,皮肤组织光老化的病理症状显著减轻,AQP3和FLG的蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。结论:L-精氨酸能够通过增强抗氧化能力、促进皮肤组织修复以及调节关键蛋白表达,有效改善光老化损伤,为功能性食品、功效性化妆品及药品的开发提供科学依据与多样选择。

, authors=吴佳辉1, 袁永雷1, 曲丽萍1, 2, *, authorsList=吴佳辉, 袁永雷, 曲丽萍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曲丽萍, authorNote=

吴佳辉(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:食药资源研究与开发,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
曲丽萍(1976−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:功效植物研究与开发应用,E-mail:。
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吴佳辉(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:食药资源研究与开发,E-mail:

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吴佳辉(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:食药资源研究与开发,E-mail:

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注:与Control组比较,*P<0.05;与Model组比较,#P<0.05;与L-IG-Arg组比较,&P<0.05;与L-TTS-Arg组比较,∆P<0.05;图2、图4同。

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L-精氨酸对小鼠皮肤光老化的改善作用及对皮肤AQP3、FLG表达的影响
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吴佳辉 1 , 袁永雷 1 , 曲丽萍 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(6): 379-386
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (6) : 379 -386
L-精氨酸对小鼠皮肤光老化的改善作用及对皮肤AQP3、FLG表达的影响
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吴佳辉(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:食药资源研究与开发,E-mail:

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吴佳辉(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:食药资源研究与开发,E-mail:

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吴佳辉1 , 袁永雷1, 曲丽萍1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司,云南昆明 650106
  • 2云南特色植物提取实验室有限公司,云南昆明 650106
通讯作者:
曲丽萍(1976−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:功效植物研究与开发应用,E-mail:。
作者简介:

吴佳辉(1996−),男,硕士,研究方向:食药资源研究与开发,E-mail:

Effects of L-Arginine on Skin Photoaging and Expression of AQP3 and FLG in Mice
Jiahui WU1 , Yonglei YUAN1, Liping QU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
  • 2Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020218
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目的:探究L-精氨酸对紫外线诱导的小鼠皮肤光老化的治疗效果及其潜在分子机制。方法:采用UVB和UVA联合辐照C57BL/6J小鼠成功构建皮肤光老化模型,与此同时采用口服与透皮给药两种途径对小鼠实施干预,然后测定各组小鼠血清中与皮肤功能性和氧化应激相关的指标,运用苏木精-伊红(HE)、马松(Masson)及甲苯胺蓝(TB)染色观察皮肤病理变化,并借助蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)和免疫荧光(IF)检测水通道蛋白3(AQP3)和丝聚蛋白(FLG)的表达。结果:高剂量L-精氨酸口服或透皮给药后,小鼠血清中I型胶原蛋白(CoL-I)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、透明质酸(HA)及神经酰胺(CER)含量显著回升(P<0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)水平降低(P<0.05),表明机体抗氧化能力明显提升。与此同时,皮肤组织光老化的病理症状显著减轻,AQP3和FLG的蛋白表达上调(P<0.05)。结论:L-精氨酸能够通过增强抗氧化能力、促进皮肤组织修复以及调节关键蛋白表达,有效改善光老化损伤,为功能性食品、功效性化妆品及药品的开发提供科学依据与多样选择。

L-精氨酸  /  紫外线  /  皮肤光老化  /  抗氧化  /  水通道蛋白3  /  丝聚蛋白

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of L-Arginine on ultraviolet-induced skin photoaging in mice and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with UVB and UVA to successfully establish a skin photoaging model. Meanwhile, the mice were intervened with oral and transdermal administration. Subsequently, the indicators related to skin function and oxidative stress in the serum of each group of mice were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson, and toluidine blue (TB) staining were used to observe the pathological changes in skin structure. Western blot and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expressions of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and filaggrin (FLG). Results: Following oral or transdermal administration of high-dose L-arginine, we detected significant increases in the contents of collagen I, hydroxyproline, hyaluronic acid, and ceramide in the sera of mice (P<0.05). Furthermore, we detected the enhanced activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase (P<0.05), whereas there were significant reductions in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.05), thereby indicating a clear enhancement of the antioxidant capacities of mice. Concurrently, the pathological manifestations of photoaging in skin tissue were markedly alleviated, and we detected the up-regulated expression of AQP3 and FLG proteins (P<0.05). Conclusion: By enhancing antioxidant capacity, promoting skin tissue repair, and regulating the expression of key proteins, L-arginine can contribute to an effective alleviation of photoaging damage, thereby providing a scientific basis and diverse options for the development of functional foods, functional cosmetics, and drugs.

L-arginine  /  ultraviolet  /  skin photoaging  /  antioxidant  /  aquaporin 3 (AQP3)  /  filaggrin (FLG)
吴佳辉, 袁永雷, 曲丽萍. L-精氨酸对小鼠皮肤光老化的改善作用及对皮肤AQP3、FLG表达的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 379 -386 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020218
Jiahui WU, Yonglei YUAN, Liping QU. Effects of L-Arginine on Skin Photoaging and Expression of AQP3 and FLG in Mice[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 379 -386 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020218
皮肤作为人体表面积最大的器官系统,并且长期暴露于外界环境中,极易受到各种因素的影响[1]。其中,太阳辐射中的紫外线(UV)是导致皮肤衰老的主要外源性因素,由此引发的皮肤光老化问题备受关注。紫外线主要包括UVA(320~400 nm)和UVB(280~320 nm)两种类型[2]。其中,UVA的穿透力较强,能够深入真皮层基质,通过诱导活性氧簇(ROS)的过度生成,使真皮弹性纤维网络结构受损,导致皮肤弹性下降和皱纹的形成,还能干扰黑色素细胞酪氨酸酶活性调控系统,引发异常色素沉积[3]。相比之下,UVB因波长较短,主要作用于表皮角质层,但其高能量特性可以快速诱发DNA光损伤,且长期积累与表皮细胞恶性转化风险呈正相关[4]。更为关键的是,UVA和UVB会协同破坏表皮-真皮连接结构,下调水通道蛋白3(AQP3)表达,削弱皮肤水合能力;同时抑制丝聚蛋白(FLG)合成,导致角质层脂质排列紊乱,最终引发皮肤干燥、弹性下降等典型光老化表型[5]。随着健康意识的提高,研发高效且全面的光老化防治活性物质已成为皮肤科学领域的研究热点和迫切需求。
精氨酸(Arginine)是一种条件性必需氨基酸,广泛存在于肉类、鱼类及乳制品等天然食物中,以L-精氨酸(L-Arginine)形式为主,且依据GB 2760-2024标准可作为食品用香料[6−8]。在皮肤生理调控方面,L-精氨酸作为一氧化氮(NO)合成的前体物质,通过激活NO/cGMP信号轴,能有效促进真皮成纤维细胞的胶原生物合成[9−10];其抗氧化特性还可清除过氧亚硝基阴离子,阻断脂质过氧化链式反应,展现出多重光老化保护效应[11−12]。
在皮肤光老化进程中,AQP3和FLG在维持皮肤水分稳态及屏障完整性方面发挥着核心作用[13]。其中,AQP3作为跨膜水通道蛋白,通过构建水回路促进甘油及水分在细胞内的转运,从而确保皮肤水分含量稳定[14]。FLG则主要富集于颗粒层和角质层,与角蛋白结合形成致密的角质层结构,并参与天然保湿因子的生成,共同构筑皮肤物理屏障[15]。近年来研究发现,L-精氨酸与AQP3、FLG存在潜在调控关联[16]。从分子机制来看,L-精氨酸结构中的碱性氨基可调节表皮微环境,促进尿素、吡咯烷酮羧酸(PCA)等天然保湿因子的合成,影响AQP3介导的水分转运及FLG降解产物积累[17−18];在细胞信号转导层面,L-精氨酸可能通过激活NO/cGMP信号轴,间接调控AQP3和FLG的基因转录与蛋白表达[19−20]。然而,目前关于L-精氨酸直接干预皮肤光老化的研究仍存在空白,其对AQP3和FLG表达的影响尚不明确。本研究通过构建小鼠皮肤光老化模型,系统探究L-精氨酸对光老化损伤的改善作用,解析其对AQP3和FLG表达的调控机制,以期为功能性食品和美容制剂研究提供理论依据和实践指导。
雄性SPF级C57BL/6小鼠 6周龄,体重20±2 g,实验动物生产许可证号:SYXK(辽)2018-0007、标准饲料 辽宁长生生物技术股份有限公司;L-精氨酸 纯度≥98%(HPLC),Sigma-Aldrich公司;蛋白浓度测定(BCA)试剂盒、PVDF膜 美国Millipore公司;卡波姆940 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司;无水乙醇、甲醇、氯仿、异丙醇 分析纯,天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司;三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)、牛血清蛋白(BSA)、磷酸盐粉末(PBS)、蛋白酶抑制剂(PMSF)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、吐温20 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所有限公司;小鼠I型胶原蛋白(CoL-I)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、神经酰胺(Ceramide)、透明质酸(HA)ELISA试剂盒 江苏酶标生物科技有限公司;Alpha Tubulin Polyclonal antibody、HRP-conjugated Goat Anti-Rabbit 武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司;Aquaporin 3 Rabbit pAb 成都正能生物技术有限责任公司;Filaggrin antibody 深圳欣博盛生物科技有限公司。
AL104电子天平 梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司;Multiskan MK3酶标仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司;CF16RX高速冷冻离心机 日立(中国)有限公司;XEPU-1235L紫外辐照箱 上海析浦科学仪器有限公司;Ti2倒置荧光显微镜 日本尼康公司;PowerPac HC电泳仪、ChemiDoc XRS+化学发光成像仪 上海伯乐生命医学产品有限公司。
本实验均经大连医科大学动物保护与使用委员会批准(伦理登记号:AEE24067),所有实验步骤均遵照国家科学技术委员会公布的《实验动物管理条例》进行。小鼠于实验前在SPF级动物房进行为期1周的适应性饲养,饲养环境符合国家标准(GB 14925-2010)。随后,将36只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为6组(n=6),分别为正常对照组(Control组)、模型组(Model组)、L-精氨酸低、高剂量灌胃组(L-IG-Arg和H-IG-Arg)和L-精氨酸低、高剂量凝胶组(L-TTS-Arg和H-TTS-Arg)。为了最大限度地还原人体皮肤光老化的致病环境,李张军等[21]采用UVA和UVB联合照射。实验开始前对所有组小鼠进行背部剃毛处理,形成约4 cm×3 cm大小的暴露区域,往后每隔2 d进行1次剃毛。除Control组外,其余5组均在距离40 W紫外线灯管(UVA+UVB)下40 cm处照射,3次/周(周一、周三、周五);第1周至第3周每次照射时间UVB分别为18、37、56 min,UVA分别为35、58、66 min;以后每周照射时间维持在UVB为75 min,UVA为117 min,共照射8周。
L-精氨酸溶液配制:将L-精氨酸粉末溶于生理盐水中,确保充分溶解;L-精氨酸凝胶的制备:将100 mL L-精氨酸生理盐水溶液与等量2%卡波姆溶液混合,调整L-精氨酸凝胶浓度为10 mg/mL和20 mg/mL,并用三乙醇胺调pH到6.5至透明,最后均于4 ℃保存备用。从照射第1 d开始,所有小鼠在每次照射前30 min均接受灌胃和涂抹处理,正常对照组和模型组小鼠等体积灌胃生理盐水以及涂抹空白凝胶;L-精氨酸低、高剂量灌胃组分别给予灌胃0.2 mL 100、200 mg/(kg·d)L-精氨酸溶液,涂抹等体积空白凝胶;L-精氨酸低、高剂量凝胶组分别在背部裸露皮肤上外涂0.2 mL 10、20 mg/(mL·d)L-精氨酸凝胶,灌胃等体积生理盐水;直至小鼠结束照射。
照射结束24 h后,采用10%水合氯醛腹腔麻醉,经腹主动脉采血,置于促凝管内,然后常温离心取上清,−20 ℃保存;并迅速剪取背部皮肤,分成2份,一份皮肤组织经4%多聚甲醛固定,另一部分立即放入液氮中速冻后置于−80 ℃冰箱中保存待用。
从−20 ℃冰箱中取出储存的血清,在冰浴条件下逐步解冻。随后,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法对CoL-I、HYP、HA和CER的水平进行测定。整个检测过程严格遵循ELISA试剂盒说明书的操作流程,并确保每一步操作都准确无误。最后,使用全波长酶联免疫检测系统进行吸光度测定,在450 nm处读取OD值,并通过标准曲线(R2>0.99)计算出CoL-I、HYP、HA和CER的浓度。
取−20 ℃的血清,按照制造商说明书测定小鼠血清中氧化应激指标(T-SOD、CAT和MDA)水平。SOD测定试剂盒是基于WST-1的显色反应在450 nm波长处测定吸光度(OD)值,计算SOD活力。其中公式为:
$ \text{SOD}\mathrm{活力}(\mathrm{U}/\text{mL})=\frac{( {\Delta \mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}-{\Delta \mathrm{A}}_{\text{测定}}) }{\Delta {\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}\times 0.5}\times {\mathrm{D}}_{\text{反应}}\times {\mathrm{N}}_{\text{样品}} $
式中:∆A对照为对照组相比空白对照组的吸光度变化值;∆A测定为测定组相比样品空白组吸光度变化值;0.5为50%抑制率对应值;D反应为反应体系稀释倍数12;N样品为样品测试前稀释倍数。
CAT测定试剂盒是通过钼酸铵法在405 nm处测定其变化量,可计算出CAT的活力。根据说明书上的公式:
$ \text{CAT}\mathrm{活力}(\mathrm{U}/\text{mL})=\frac{\left( {\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{测定}}\right) }{{\mathrm{V}}_{\text{样品}}\times \mathrm{t}}\times \mathrm{K}\times {\mathrm{N}}_{\text{样品}} $
式中:A对照为空白对照组的吸光度值;A测定为测定样品吸光度值;V样品为体系取样体积0.1 mL;t为反应时间60 s;K为摩尔消光系数相关常数271;N样品为样品测试前稀释倍数。
MDA测试盒通过硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)缩合,形成红色产物,在532 nm处的OD值测定MDA水平。其公式是:
$\rm {MDA浓度}(\mathrm{nmol}/\text{mL})=\left(\frac{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{测定}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{对照}}}{{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{标准}}-{\mathrm{A}}_{\text{空白}}}\right)\times {\mathrm{C}}_{\text{标准}}\times {\mathrm{N}}_{\text{样品}} $
式中:A测定为测定样品吸光度值;A对照为样品对照吸光度值;A标准为试剂盒标准品吸光度值;A空白为空白溶剂的吸光度值;C标准为标准品浓度10 nmol/mL;N样品为样品测试前稀释倍数。
4%多聚甲醛固定24 h后、脱水、透明、用石蜡包埋切成5 μm薄片,然后进行H&E、Masson、甲苯胺蓝染色,用光学显微镜观察拍照,评估皮肤的整体形态、胶原蛋白的含量分布、皮肤肥大细胞的数量。
取适量皮肤组织剪碎后,使用IP裂解液进行匀浆处理,随后在4 ℃条件下以12000×g离心5 min,取上清液。通过BCA试剂盒测定上清中蛋白浓度后,按4:1体积比加入上样缓冲液(5×),沸水浴中变性10 min,冷却后取50 μg进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离,随后利用湿法转移至PVDF膜上。使用5%脱脂奶粉溶液封闭,在室温下孵育1.5 h。随后分别加入兔抗小鼠AQP3、FLG及α-Tubulin单克隆抗体(均1:1000稀释),并在4 ℃条件下摇床过夜完成免疫反应。洗涤后,加入HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗(稀释1:4000),室温孵育1 h。用PBST充分洗涤后,加入ECL发光液显影,并使用BIO-RAD凝胶成像系统进行扫描分析。最后以α-Tubulin蛋白作为内参,利用ImageJ软件对目标条带的灰度值进行定量分析。
将皮肤组织石蜡切片依次经过二甲苯脱蜡和乙醇梯度脱水后,进行抗原修复并冷却,再以PBS清洗。随后,将切片于1%牛血清白蛋白中封闭1 h,PBS洗涤后,4 ℃下加入AQP3和FLG抗体(均1:1000稀释)孵育过夜。次日,洗片后加入荧光标记二抗(1:300稀释)室温避光孵育1 h。随后DAPI染色10 min标记细胞核,PBS充分洗涤,最后在避光条件下使用荧光显微镜采集图像。
使用Image J软件处理图片,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较使用独立样本t检验,多组间比较使用单因素ANOVA方差分析。
为系统评估光老化对皮肤生理功能的影响,本研究首先观察了模型动物的表型变化:小鼠行为上变得慵懒、倦怠,常呈蜷缩状态;皮肤外观表现为粗糙、增厚并出现红斑、色素沉着,局部有起皮、溃烂、皮革样改变,这些均为皮肤光老化的典型特征[22]。进一步,本研究选择Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CoL-Ⅰ)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)、透明质酸(HA)及神经酰胺(CER)作为关键的生化指标进行定量分析。实验结果如图1所示,与空白组相比,在皮肤光老化模型组中,上述指标均呈现显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。从机制上来看,CoL-Ⅰ的下调表明皮肤细胞外基质的合成功能受到损害,这可能直接影响了皮肤的机械支撑结构的完整性[23];作为胶原特征性氨基酸的HYP水平下降,既反映胶原代谢失衡,也间接提示基质金属蛋白酶活性异常升高导致的胶原降解加速[24];HA含量减少与真皮层水合作用减弱及细胞外基质微环境改变密切相关[25];CER水平的降低则提示表皮脂质双分子层结构紊乱,可能导致经皮水分丢失率上升[26]。该一系列指标变化验证了UVA+UVB联合辐照成功建立皮肤光老化动物模型的可靠性。
更重要的是,本研究通过采用口服灌胃及局部涂抹凝胶两种给药方式,系统评估了L-精氨酸对皮肤光老化的改善效果。图1结果显示,这些生化指标的水平在治疗后均呈现恢复趋势。具体而言,与Model组相比,口服灌胃给药方面,高剂量L-精氨酸(H-IG-Arg)使小鼠血清中CoL-Ⅰ表达量提升17.7%,HYP代谢水平增加76.5%,表明其通过激活NO/cGMP信号轴,有效促进胶原蛋白合成;HA合成量上升8.6%、CER含量提升55.8%,说明该方式可调节表皮微环境与角质形成细胞代谢,增强皮肤保湿及屏障功能。凝胶涂抹给药时,高剂量L-精氨酸(H-TTS-Arg)使小鼠血清CoL-Ⅰ表达量提高17.3%,直接作用于皮肤促进胶原蛋白生成。HYP代谢水平提升达139.2%,效果远超口服,表明局部高浓度药物更高效激活合成通路。HA合成量增加12.2%,保湿效果显著;CER含量提升27.6%,针对性修复角质层屏障。凝胶涂抹通过局部渗透精准作用于皮肤组织,在改善光老化方面效果显著;口服灌胃则发挥全身调节优势。两种给药方式各有所长,为L-精氨酸在功能性食品及美容制剂的应用提供多元策略,助力个性化抗光老化皮肤方案制定。
光老化病理机制研究证实,UVA与UVB作为关键致病因子,其可诱导生成超氧阴离子(O2−·)、过氧化氢(H2O2)及羟基自由基(·OH)等活性氧簇(ROS),介导光老化病理进程[5,27]。生理条件下,机体通过超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等构成的抗氧化防御网络,可以有效清除ROS并抑制脂质过氧化终产物丙二醛(MDA)的积累[28]。
本研究通过检测UVA+UVB辐照诱导的小鼠皮肤光老化模型中血清T-SOD、MDA及CAT活性,探讨了L-精氨酸在缓解皮肤光老化过程中氧化应激状态方面的潜在效果。实验结果如图2所示,与Control组相比,Model组小鼠中的T-SOD和CAT活性显著下降(P<0.05),而MDA水平则显著上升(P<0.05),这表明皮肤光老化对机体抗氧化防御系统造成了明显的负面影响。通过对小鼠进行L-精氨酸治疗后发现,上述指标的异常变化得到了不同程度的改善。结果显示,H-IG-Arg组较Model组,T-SOD、CAT活性分别提升123.9%、112.6%,MDA水平降低40.9%,通过全身吸收调节机体代谢,系统性增强抗氧化防御能力,对整体氧化应激状态改善作用显著;而H-TTS-Arg组较Model组,T-SOD、CAT活性提升幅度分别为114.1%、76.2%,MDA水平降低30.9%,虽在提升幅度上略逊于口服组,但凭借局部渗透优势,可促进皮肤细胞内抗氧化物质的生成,减少因光老化导致的活性氧积累,进而维持抗氧化防御系统的平衡。L-精氨酸的两种给药方式虽然各有侧重,但都缓解了皮肤光老化对机体抗氧化防御系统的损伤。
苏木精-伊红染色(Hematoxylin and Eosin,HE)是一种经典的组织学染色技术,广泛应用于皮肤组织病理变化的观察,能够清晰展现表皮与真皮厚度的动态变化、细胞形态及其分布特征,为评估皮肤结构完整性提供可靠依据[29]。皮肤的结构完整性则高度依赖于胶原纤维,其不仅对于维持皮肤的弹性和紧致性,还对皮肤屏障功能的完整性起着关键作用。针对光老化背景下胶原纤维变化的研究,马松染色(Masson)作为一种高度敏感且特异性的染色方法,能够定量评估真皮中胶原纤维的排列状态及其病理改变[30]。此外,甲苯胺蓝染色(Toluidine Blue)作为一种组织化学检测手段,能够敏感地揭示皮肤组织中外基质成分的变化,为深入研究光老化机制及其治疗策略提供依据[31]。因此本研究对UVA+UVB辐照诱导的光老化小鼠皮肤进行了HE、Masson和Toluidine Blue染色实验。
图3染色图像显示,在Model组小鼠皮肤中,UVA+UVB辐照导致了典型的光老化病理特征:表皮与真皮层出现肿胀性增厚,表皮角化过度现象显著,真皮-表皮连接结构发生扁平化改变,胶原纤维束数量明显减少且呈现形态扭曲和断裂,同时伴随肥大细胞数量的增加及炎症反应的加剧[32]。这些变化导致皮肤支撑结构受损,屏障功能下降,加速皮肤衰老。然而,经L-精氨酸干预后,小鼠皮肤组织的上述病理学改变呈现出显著改善的趋势,且改善程度与给药剂量呈正相关性。组织病理学分析显示,与Model组相比,在 HE 染色中,H-IG-Arg和H-TTS-Arg组表皮厚度都有明显降低(P<0.05),真皮-表皮连接结构恢复至近Control组形态,再一次表明L-精氨酸能够促进胶原合成,进而修复皮肤架构。Masson染色显示,H-IG-Arg和H-TTS-Arg组胶原密度较Model组提升显著,且H-TTS-Arg组胶原纤维排列要比H-IG-Arg组更加规则(P<0.05)。此外,TB染色结果显示,H-IG-Arg组和H-TTS-Arg组的肥大细胞数量较 Model 组明显下降,可能通过抑制相关炎症因子的释放,减少肥大细胞的募集和活化[33]。值得注意的是,低剂量组染色皮肤组织相比Model组改善幅度均较小。综合上述结果表明,L-精氨酸能够从皮肤组织结构和功能完整性等多个层面有效改善光老化引起的皮肤病理改变,且高剂量局部应用在组织结构修复方面更具优势。
AQP3和FLG还协同参与调控皮肤细胞的增殖、分化过程,是维持皮肤正常生理功能不可或缺的因素[34-35]。然而,长期紫外线暴露会对皮肤产生明显的负面影响,有研究表明紫外线暴露可显著抑制AQP3介导的甘油转运进程,并干扰FLG前体蛋白的翻译后加工,导致表皮渗透屏障与保湿功能双重受损,增加光老化风险[36]。
基于上述病理机制,本研究通过免疫印迹技术系统评估了L-精氨酸对AQP3/FLG信号通路的调控效应。实验设计涵盖空白组(Control)、UVA+UVB诱导光老化模型组(Model)、口服给药组(IG-Arg)及局部凝胶给药组(TTS-Arg),其中高剂量组分别对应200 mg/(kg·d)灌胃给药与20 mg/(mL·d)浓度局部凝胶涂抹。结果如图4所示,相较于Model组,L-精氨酸灌胃与涂抹的高剂量处理组中AQP3和FLG蛋白表达水平均呈现显著上调趋势,且差异具有统计学意义。具体而言,与Model组相比,L-精氨酸溶液高剂量组及L-精氨酸凝胶高浓度组中AQP3蛋白的相对表达量分别提升了185.1%和139.9%;相应地,FLG蛋白的表达量也显著提升235.3% 和92.2%。这些数据不仅证实了L-精氨酸在促进皮肤保护蛋白表达方面的潜力,也为通过调节AQP3与FLG表达来改善皮肤屏障功能和水分保持能力,进而延缓皮肤光老化进程提供了有力的实验依据。
为了深入探究L-精氨酸对皮肤屏障结构与组织形态的维护作用,特别是其调节AQP3和FLG表达的能力,本研究采用了免疫荧光技术(IF)。该技术不仅能够实现多种蛋白质的同时检测,还能在评估蛋白表达水平的同时,清晰地揭示细胞和组织的形态结构,这对于分析蛋白表达与组织形态变化之间的潜在联系具有重要意义[37]。
如图5所示,蓝色荧光标记的DAPI用于定位细胞核;绿色荧光代表FLG的表达;红色荧光则指示AQP3的位置。通过Merge图像,即DAPI、FLG和AQP3的共定位图像分析发现,在Model组小鼠皮肤中,相较于Control组,AQP3和FLG的荧光强度显著减弱,这表明UVA+UVB联合照射确实抑制了这两种蛋白的表达。值得注意的是,在给予不同方式(口服灌胃和凝胶涂抹)以及不同剂量的L-精氨酸治疗后,AQP3和FLG的荧光强度呈现出不同程度的恢复。这一观察结果与先前基于蛋白质印迹技术(WB)分析得出的结论高度一致。这些发现有力地支持了L-精氨酸能够改善因UVA+UVB照射而受到抑制的小鼠皮肤组织中AQP3和FLG蛋白表达水平的结论,也为其作为潜在的皮肤光老化保护成分提供了有力支持。
本研究通过构建UVA+UVB辐照小鼠皮肤光老化模型,从氧化应激、组织病理学修复及分子机制调控等多维度,首次系统探究L-精氨酸对皮肤光老化的治疗作用。实验显示,UVA+UVB辐照导致小鼠CoL-I、HYP、HA及CER含量显著降低,皮肤出现表皮与真皮肿胀增厚、胶原纤维紊乱、肥大细胞增多等光老化特征,成功验证模型有效性。采用口服灌胃与局部涂抹凝胶的双重给药策略发现,L-精氨酸能有效回升光老化所致生化指标水平,增强机体抗氧化能力,减轻细胞损伤;同时显著改善皮肤组织病理变化,使表皮与真皮肿胀减轻、胶原纤维排列规整、肥大细胞数量减少。更重要的是,通过WB和IF技术证实,L-精氨酸可上调因紫外线暴露而下调的AQP3和FLG蛋白表达,有效改善皮肤屏障功能和水分保持能力。该研究填补了L-精氨酸治疗皮肤光老化的研究空白,创新性地采用双重给药策略,通过多维度评估体系,揭示L-精氨酸通过调控AQP3和FLG改善皮肤光老化的新机制,为功能性食品、化妆品和药品研发提供重要科学依据,为皮肤光老化防治开辟新方向,同时为后续深入研究其作用机制与临床应用潜力奠定坚实基础。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020218
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    1云南贝泰妮生物科技集团股份有限公司,云南昆明 650106
    2云南特色植物提取实验室有限公司,云南昆明 650106

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曲丽萍(1976−),女,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:功效植物研究与开发应用,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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