Article(id=1320889365052642207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020215, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854165566, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854165566, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854165566, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854165566, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=135, endPage=143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889365480461218, articleId=1320889365052642207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Physicochemical Properties and in Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Green Tea Dust Polysaccharide, columnId=1261336277291548795, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Research and Investigation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of a green tea dust polysaccharide (GTDP). GTDP was extracted from green tea dust using hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. Its physicochemical characteristics, including chemical composition, rheological properties, thermal stability, and microstructure, were analyzed. The in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of GTDP were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, ferrous ion chelating ability (FIC), and glycosylation and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The results showed that the GTDP yield was 6.50%, with total sugar, uronic acid, protein, and total phenolic contents of 44.73%, 22.58%, 2.92%, and 4.35%, respectively. GTDP contained three polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights, of which the major component had molecular weight of 88.88 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that GTDP was composed of glucose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucuronic acid, and xylose in a molar ratio of 31.59:27.11:22.73:8.26:6.29:1.91:1.24:0.87. GTDP exhibited an irregular flake-like structure, characteristic polysaccharide absorption bands, and good thermal stability. Its solution demonstrated shear-thinning, pseudoplastic, non-Newtonian fluid behavior with weak gel-like viscoelasticity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of GTDP in the DPPH, FRAP, and FIC assays were 90.85, 473.37, and 1159.68 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the IC50 value of GTDP against α-glucosidase was 420.48 mg/L, showing an inhibitory activity approximately 2.21 times higher than that of acarbose. The inhibition rate of GTDP on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was 56.55% at 1 mg/mL, which was approximately approximately 63% of that that of aminoguanidine. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of green tea dust and highlight the potential of GTDP as a natural antioxidant and antidiabetic agent for functional food and pharmaceutical applications.

, authors=Rui ZHOU1, 2, Jiangping WU1, Nana JIANG1, Qing LI1, Shangquan YU3, Honghui BAO1, 2, *, authorsList=Rui ZHOU, Jiangping WU, Nana JIANG, Qing LI, Shangquan YU, Honghui BAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Honghui BAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889371981632449, articleId=1320889365052642207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=绿茶末多糖的理化特性及其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性, columnId=1261336277849391232, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=研究与探讨, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究绿茶末多糖的理化性质及其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性,以绿茶末为实验材料通过水提醇沉法提取绿茶末多糖,对其化学组成、流变学特性、热稳定性、微观结构等理化性质进行表征,并通过铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力和亚铁离子螯合能力以及糖基化与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力评价其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性。结果表明,绿茶末多糖的得率以及总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和总酚含量分别为6.50%、44.73%、22.58%、2.92%和4.35%,主要含有3种不同分子质量分布的多糖组分,其中含量最大组分的分子量为88.88 kDa,单糖组成主要包括葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸和木糖,其摩尔质量比分别为31.59:27.11:22.73:8.26:6.29:1.91:1.24:0.87。绿茶末多糖呈现无定形片状结构,具有多糖的特征吸收基团和良好的热稳定性,其多糖溶液为剪切稀化型假塑性非牛顿流体并呈现弱凝胶型黏弹性特征行为。绿茶末多糖对DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力(FRAP)和亚铁离子螯合能力(FIC)的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为90.85、473.37和1159.68 mg/L,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值为420.48 mg/L,其活性相当于阿卡波糖的2.21倍。1 mg/mL的绿茶末多糖对晚期糖基化终产物抑制率为56.55%,约为氨基胍抑制能力的63%。本研究可为绿茶末资源综合利用及其多糖在天然抗氧化剂和抗糖尿病或功能食品开发或药物中的潜在应用提供理论依据。

, authors=周睿1, 2, 吴江萍1, 姜娜娜1, 李青1, 愈商权3, 包鸿慧1, 2, *, authorsList=周睿, 吴江萍, 姜娜娜, 李青, 愈商权, 包鸿慧, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=包鸿慧, authorNote=

周睿(1980−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

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包鸿慧(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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Journal of Food Science, 2020, 85(11): 4025−4032., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889372224902082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889372233290691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, companyId=1320889372224902082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889372241679300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, companyId=1320889372224902082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1湖北文理学院食品科学与化学工程学院,湖北襄阳 441053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889372308788165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889372317176774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, companyId=1320889372308788165, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Research and Development of Traditional Medicine and Food Homology, Xiangyang 441053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889372333953991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, companyId=1320889372308788165, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2湖北省传统药食同源产品研究与开发国际科技合作基地,湖北襄阳 441053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320889372396868552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889372405257161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, companyId=1320889372396868552, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210702, Korea), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889372417840074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, companyId=1320889372396868552, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3韩国江陵原州国立大学海洋生物科技学院,韩国江陵 210702)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889376532452341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Molecular weight distribution of green tea dust polysaccharide, figureFileSmall=VeqGFfOLXzK4m6aHzW4TnA==, figureFileBig=GukHR6g+XJEDvmqDaMhlJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889376603755510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=CN, label=图1, caption=绿茶末多糖的分子质量分布, figureFileSmall=VeqGFfOLXzK4m6aHzW4TnA==, figureFileBig=GukHR6g+XJEDvmqDaMhlJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889376813470711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ion-exchange chromatogram of mixed sugar standards (a) and green tea dust polysaccharide (b), figureFileSmall=FV007H2cfK1sVu8T4TJe0w==, figureFileBig=Xg4vPGSBLtB6QpZ+9bnWcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889376876385272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=CN, label=图2, caption=单糖标准品的混合溶液(a)和绿茶末多糖(b)的离子交换色谱图

注:1.岩藻糖;2.鼠李糖;3.阿拉伯糖;4.半乳糖;5.葡萄糖;6.木糖;7.甘露糖;8.果糖;9.核糖;10.半乳糖醛酸;11.古罗糖醛酸;12.葡萄糖醛酸;13.甘露糖醛酸。

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注:A:2000×;B:5000×。

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注:不同小写字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05);图12同。

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Chemical composition of green tea dust polysaccharide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
得率(%)总糖含量
(%)
糖醛酸含量
(%)
蛋白质含量
(%)
总酚含量
(%)
6.50±0.1644.73±0.5122.58±0.692.92±0.074.35±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1320889382224121871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

绿茶末多糖的化学组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
得率(%)总糖含量
(%)
糖醛酸含量
(%)
蛋白质含量
(%)
总酚含量
(%)
6.50±0.1644.73±0.5122.58±0.692.92±0.074.35±0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1320889382345756688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Rheological characteristic parameters of green tea dust polysaccharide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量浓度(%)静态流变模型方程 η = K×γn−1动态流变模型方程 G* = Aα×ωα
K (mPa·sn)nR2Aα (Pa·rad−α·sα)αR2
224.199±0.881c0.563±0.005a0.9960.156±0.004c0.697±0.007a0.992
556.997±1.964b0.531±0.003b0.9970.314±0.011b0.666±0.005b0.994
10105.615±3.437a0.503±0.009c0.9990.578±0.017a0.640±0.002c0.993
), ArticleFig(id=1320889382630969361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

绿茶末多糖的流变学特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量浓度(%)静态流变模型方程 η = K×γn−1动态流变模型方程 G* = Aα×ωα
K (mPa·sn)nR2Aα (Pa·rad−α·sα)αR2
224.199±0.881c0.563±0.005a0.9960.156±0.004c0.697±0.007a0.992
556.997±1.964b0.531±0.003b0.9970.314±0.011b0.666±0.005b0.994
10105.615±3.437a0.503±0.009c0.9990.578±0.017a0.640±0.002c0.993
), ArticleFig(id=1320889382702272530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

IC50 values in antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of green tea dust polysaccharide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品DPPH(mg/L)FRAP(mg/L)FIC(mg/L)α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(mg/L)
VC9.93±0.33b33.49±1.02bNDND
EDTANDND5.92±0.13bND
阿卡波糖NDNDND929.59±26.70a
绿茶末多糖90.85±1.86a473.37±12.79a1159.68±20.18a420.48±10.38b
), ArticleFig(id=1320889382773575699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889365052642207, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

绿茶末多糖体外抗氧化和酶抑制活性的IC50值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品DPPH(mg/L)FRAP(mg/L)FIC(mg/L)α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(mg/L)
VC9.93±0.33b33.49±1.02bNDND
EDTANDND5.92±0.13bND
阿卡波糖NDNDND929.59±26.70a
绿茶末多糖90.85±1.86a473.37±12.79a1159.68±20.18a420.48±10.38b
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绿茶末多糖的理化特性及其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性
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周睿 1, 2 , 吴江萍 1 , 姜娜娜 1 , 李青 1 , 愈商权 3 , 包鸿慧 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 研究与探讨 2026,47(2): 135-143
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食品工业科技 |研究与探讨 2026 , 47 (2) : 135 -143
绿茶末多糖的理化特性及其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性
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周睿1, 2 , 吴江萍1, 姜娜娜1, 李青1, 愈商权3, 包鸿慧1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1湖北文理学院食品科学与化学工程学院,湖北襄阳 441053
  • 2湖北省传统药食同源产品研究与开发国际科技合作基地,湖北襄阳 441053
  • 3韩国江陵原州国立大学海洋生物科技学院,韩国江陵 210702
通讯作者:
包鸿慧(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
作者简介:

周睿(1980−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:

Physicochemical Properties and in Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Green Tea Dust Polysaccharide
Rui ZHOU1, 2 , Jiangping WU1, Nana JIANG1, Qing LI1, Shangquan YU3, Honghui BAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
  • 2International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Research and Development of Traditional Medicine and Food Homology, Xiangyang 441053, China
  • 3Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210702, Korea
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020215
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为探究绿茶末多糖的理化性质及其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性,以绿茶末为实验材料通过水提醇沉法提取绿茶末多糖,对其化学组成、流变学特性、热稳定性、微观结构等理化性质进行表征,并通过铁离子还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力和亚铁离子螯合能力以及糖基化与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力评价其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性。结果表明,绿茶末多糖的得率以及总糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和总酚含量分别为6.50%、44.73%、22.58%、2.92%和4.35%,主要含有3种不同分子质量分布的多糖组分,其中含量最大组分的分子量为88.88 kDa,单糖组成主要包括葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸和木糖,其摩尔质量比分别为31.59:27.11:22.73:8.26:6.29:1.91:1.24:0.87。绿茶末多糖呈现无定形片状结构,具有多糖的特征吸收基团和良好的热稳定性,其多糖溶液为剪切稀化型假塑性非牛顿流体并呈现弱凝胶型黏弹性特征行为。绿茶末多糖对DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力(FRAP)和亚铁离子螯合能力(FIC)的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为90.85、473.37和1159.68 mg/L,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值为420.48 mg/L,其活性相当于阿卡波糖的2.21倍。1 mg/mL的绿茶末多糖对晚期糖基化终产物抑制率为56.55%,约为氨基胍抑制能力的63%。本研究可为绿茶末资源综合利用及其多糖在天然抗氧化剂和抗糖尿病或功能食品开发或药物中的潜在应用提供理论依据。

绿茶末  /  多糖  /  理化特性  /  抗氧化活性  /  抗糖尿病活性

In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of a green tea dust polysaccharide (GTDP). GTDP was extracted from green tea dust using hot water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation. Its physicochemical characteristics, including chemical composition, rheological properties, thermal stability, and microstructure, were analyzed. The in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of GTDP were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, ferrous ion chelating ability (FIC), and glycosylation and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The results showed that the GTDP yield was 6.50%, with total sugar, uronic acid, protein, and total phenolic contents of 44.73%, 22.58%, 2.92%, and 4.35%, respectively. GTDP contained three polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights, of which the major component had molecular weight of 88.88 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that GTDP was composed of glucose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucuronic acid, and xylose in a molar ratio of 31.59:27.11:22.73:8.26:6.29:1.91:1.24:0.87. GTDP exhibited an irregular flake-like structure, characteristic polysaccharide absorption bands, and good thermal stability. Its solution demonstrated shear-thinning, pseudoplastic, non-Newtonian fluid behavior with weak gel-like viscoelasticity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of GTDP in the DPPH, FRAP, and FIC assays were 90.85, 473.37, and 1159.68 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the IC50 value of GTDP against α-glucosidase was 420.48 mg/L, showing an inhibitory activity approximately 2.21 times higher than that of acarbose. The inhibition rate of GTDP on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was 56.55% at 1 mg/mL, which was approximately approximately 63% of that that of aminoguanidine. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of green tea dust and highlight the potential of GTDP as a natural antioxidant and antidiabetic agent for functional food and pharmaceutical applications.

green tea dust  /  polysaccharide  /  physicochemical properties  /  antioxidant activity  /  antidiabetic activity
周睿, 吴江萍, 姜娜娜, 李青, 愈商权, 包鸿慧. 绿茶末多糖的理化特性及其体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 135 -143 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020215
Rui ZHOU, Jiangping WU, Nana JIANG, Qing LI, Shangquan YU, Honghui BAO. Physicochemical Properties and in Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Green Tea Dust Polysaccharide[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 135 -143 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020215
糖尿病是一种因胰岛功能紊乱或胰岛素抵抗而引起的高血糖为主要特征的慢性代谢性疾病,主要分为1型、2型和妊娠糖尿病三种类型,已成为继心血管疾病和肿瘤之后的严重威胁人类健康的第三大因素[1−2]。长期过量累积的葡萄糖在机体细胞内会产生大量活性氧,破坏线粒体和胰岛β细胞功能,促进非酶糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)形成,加剧氧化应激,引起胰岛素抵抗程度加重以及心肌、肝、肾等组织损伤[2]。此外,研究发现AGEs是引起糖尿病多种并发症的主要诱因[3]。机体内过量累积的氧自由基也会损伤DNA、蛋白质和脂质等关键生物分子,导致细胞功能衰退和衰老,且氧化应激与糖尿病并发症的发生与发展紧密相关[2,4]。抗氧化剂能够清除机体过量产生的自由基以及激活内源性抗氧化系统来缓解氧化应激[4]。阿卡波糖等α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂可通过减弱小肠黏膜α-葡萄糖苷酶活性以减缓葡萄糖吸收和控制餐后血糖水平,是临床治疗2型糖尿病的一线药物,但常伴有腹痛、腹泻、腹胀等不良反应[5]。
我国是全球最大茶叶生产国,2024年茶叶总产量为374万t,其中绿茶产量超过190万t。茶多糖是从茶叶中提取的一种天然复合型多糖,主要由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖等中性单糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质等组成,分子质量为2.56~3900 kDa,糖链主要由单糖通过(1→6)、(1→3)等糖苷键连接而成,且存在支链,具有抗氧化、降血糖、免疫增强和抗癌抗菌等功效,广泛应用于生物膜制品[6−7]、药物载体[8]及健康食品[9]等领域。碎茶末是茶叶加工的主要副产品,约占茶叶总产量的10%~30%,少部分用于袋泡茶、速溶茶、茶多酚和茶氨酸等天然产物提取以及畜禽饲料等行业,其余大部分被直接焚烧或作为茶园肥料处理,资源开发利用程度较低[10−12]。绿茶末多糖是碎茶末中主要的活性组分,目前仅局限于绿茶末多糖的提取工艺、分离纯化以及抗氧化活性研究[13−15]。不同茶源、加工工艺和制备方法与茶多糖的化学组成、理化特性、结构特征、生物活性及功能性应用紧密相关[8]。此外,前期实验发现溶剂浸提法制备的绿碎茶末多酚提取物具有较好的抗氧化和降血糖活性[16]。然而,有关残余茶末渣为原料进一步制备绿茶末多糖的理化特性及其抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性研究尚未见报道。
本研究拟从溶剂浸提绿茶多酚后的绿茶末中提取绿茶末多糖,探究其化学组成、分子量、结构特征、流变特性、热稳定性等理化性质,并通过DPPH自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力和亚铁离子螯合能力及AGEs形成与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力评价其抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性潜力,以期为综合利用绿茶末资源开发出具有高附加值健康产品提供参考。
绿茶末 湖北天艺茶业有限责任公司;蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、L-阿拉伯糖、没食子酸、福林酚、D-半乳糖醛酸、间羟基联苯、氨基胍、L-抗坏血酸(VC)、葡聚糖标准品(T10、T40、T70、T500、T2000,对应分子量分别为10、40、70、500、2000 kDa) 北京索莱宝科技有限公司;α-葡萄糖苷酶(10 U/mg)、对硝基苯-α-D-葡萄糖苷(pNPG)、DPPH、菲洛嗪、2,4,6-三吡啶三吖嗪、阿卡波糖 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司;单糖标准品 美国Sigma公司;其他化学试剂均为分析纯。
DNM-9602酶标仪 北京普朗新技术有限公司;F-7000荧光分光光度计、S-4800扫描电子显微镜 日本日立公司;L5S紫外可见分光光度计 上海精密仪器仪表有限公司;SP Virtis Bench Top Pro真空冷冻干燥机 美国SP Scientific 仪器公司;LC-LX-L6OD高速离心机 上海力辰公司;AR2000e流变仪、Q50热重分析仪 美国TA公司;IRPrestige-21傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、LC-20A高效凝胶排阻色谱仪 日本岛津公司;ICS5000+离子色谱仪 美国赛默飞世尔仪器公司。
将绿茶末粉碎并过80目筛,与80%乙醇液按料液比为1:10(g/mL)混合均匀后,置于30 ℃恒温水浴锅中搅拌浸提12 h,采用四层纱布过滤并真空抽滤[16]。重复浸提3次后得到的滤饼再用无水乙醇洗涤2次并抽滤,将滤饼转移至通风橱自然风干得到绿茶末粉。将上述预处理过的茶末粉与蒸馏水按料液比为1:10(g/mL)混合均匀,置于沸水浴中搅拌浸提2 h,冷却至室温后,离心(4000 r/min、10 min)。重复提取2次后合并提取液,减压浓缩后按照体积比为1:4加入无水乙醇,4 ℃静置12 h,然后4000 r/min下离心20 min得到沉淀物,加蒸馏水复溶,然后蒸馏水透析3 d,真空冷冻干燥得到绿茶末多糖。
采用苯酚-硫酸法[17],按照葡萄糖标准回归方程(y=0.0102x+0.0172,R2=0.9966)测定总糖含量。采用福林酚法[17]并结合没食子酸标准回归方程(y=0.0093x+0.0103,R2=0.9996)测定总酚含量。采用Bradford法蛋白浓度测定试剂盒[18],按照牛血清白蛋白BSA标准回归方程(y=3.1375x+0.0162,R2=0.9990)测定蛋白含量。采用间羟基联苯法[19]并结合D-半乳糖醛酸标准回归方程(y=0.0127x−0.0147,R2=0.9928)测定多糖中的糖醛酸含量。
采用配备示差检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定绿茶末多糖的相对分子质量[20]。选用色谱柱Ultrahydrogel Column Linear(10 μm,7.8 mm×300 mm),0.1 mg/mL 的硝酸钠溶液为流动相,柱温40 ℃,流速0.6 mL/min。
采用离子色谱法[21]检测单糖组成。2.19 mg绿茶末多糖溶于1 mL、2 mol/L三氟乙酸溶液中,121 ℃水解2 h后,用氮气吹干。加入99.99%甲醇清洗,再吹干,重复甲醇清洗3次。加入无菌水溶解,转入色谱瓶。色谱条件:Thermo ICS 5000+离子色谱系统,电化学检测器,Dionex™ CarboPac™ PA20(150×3.0 mm,10 μm)液相色谱柱,进样量为5 μL,流动相A(H2O),流动相B(0.1 mol/L NaOH),流动相C(0.1 mol/L NaOH,0.2 mol/L NaAc),流速0.5 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃;洗脱梯度程序:0 min(95% A相/5% B相/0% C相),26~42 min (85% A相/5% B相/10% C相),42.1 min(60% A相/0% B相/40% C相),52 min (60% A相/40% B相/0% C相),52.1~60 min(95% A相/5% B相/0% C相)。
样品与干燥溴化钾粉末混合于玛瑙研钵中(1:100,g/g),红外灯照射下研磨混匀后,压制成透明圆片,通过红外光谱仪进行测试。测定前,用空气进行扫描,并进行基线校正。使用纯溴化钾薄片作为背景,然后将测试样品放入样品室,扫描波长范围400~4000 cm−1,光谱分辨率4 cm−1,32次扫描。
采用双面导电胶将样品固定在扫描电子显微镜载物台上,真空下经离子溅射镀膜仪表面镀金,置于样品槽,观察样品微观形貌并拍照,加速电压为3 kV。
分别配制质量浓度为2%、5%、10%(w/v)的绿茶末多糖溶液,采用旋转流变仪测定样品的流变学特性,平板直径为40 mm,间隙为1 mm,在25 ℃下对多糖溶液进行Flow Sweep模式下稳态剪切测试和Oscillation Frequency模式下的振荡频率测试[22]。稳态剪切实验:剪切速率(γ)扫描范围为0.1~100 s−1,采用Power Law幂律模型η=K×γn−1拟合样品的静态流变学曲线,K表示稠度系数,n表示流动指数,η表示表观黏度。动态振荡扫描实验:应变1%(线性粘弹性区)、扫描频率0.1~20 Hz,得到储能模量(G')、损耗模量(G'')以及复合模量(G*)随角频率(ω)变化趋势,(G*)2 =(G')2+(G'')2。根据Friedrich 和Heymann的模型公式G*=Aα×ωα对G*随ω变化的动态黏弹特性曲线进行拟合,其中Aα表示材料刚性系数,α表示松弛函数因子[23]。
取适量绿茶末多糖样品放入坩埚内,采用热重分析仪进行测定。结合热重曲线(TG)和微商热重曲线(DTG),分析样品的热稳定性。条件设置为:N2流速50 mL/min,温度范围30~600 ℃,升温速率10 ℃/min。
参考Zhou等[17]的方法,配制浓度分别为20、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L的绿茶末多糖溶液。取2 mL样品与2 mL 0.2 mmol/L的 DPPH-乙醇溶液混合均匀后,室温避光静置30 min,然后在517 nm下检测吸光值。以VC为阳性对照,浓度为2.5~250 mg/L。DPPH自由基清除率由公式(1)计算。
$\rm DPPH自由基清除率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{{A}-{B}}{{C}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,A为样品组的吸光值;B为背景对照组的吸光值;C为空白组的吸光值。
参考Zhou等[17]的方法,配制浓度分别为50、100、150、200、250、300、400、500 mg/L的绿茶末多糖溶液。0.4 mL样品与3 mL FRAP工作试剂混合均匀后,置于37 ℃水浴反应20 min,然后在593 nm下测定样品吸光值。以VC为阳性对照,浓度为7.5~40 mg/L。
参考Zhou等[17]的方法,配制浓度分别为200、400、600、800、1000、1200 mg/L的绿茶末多糖溶液。2.5 mL样品与50 μL FeCl2溶液(2 mmol/L)和100 μL菲洛嗪溶液(5 mmol/L)混合均匀后,室温反应10 min,562 nm处测定吸光值。以EDTA为阳性对照,浓度为2.5~1200 mg/L。亚铁离子螯合率由公式(2)计算。
$\rm 亚铁离子螯合能力(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{\mathrm{D}-\mathrm{E}}{\mathrm{F}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,D为样品组的吸光值;E为样品背景对照组的吸光值;F为空白组的吸光值。
参照张倜培等[16]的方法,配制浓度分别为0.2、0.5、1 mg/mL的绿茶末多糖溶液。1.5 mL牛血清白蛋白溶液(BSA,20 mg/mL)与1.5 mL葡萄糖溶液(Glu,0.5 mol/L)、1 mL样品以及6.0 mL磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.4、0.2 mol/L)混合均匀后,避光37 ℃孵育3 d和6 d后,采用荧光分光光度计测定AGEs在激发波长370 nm、发射波长440 nm处的荧光值。相同浓度的氨基胍(AG)作为阳性对照。AGEs抑制率按公式(3)计算。
$ \mathrm{AGEs抑制率(\text{%})=[(F}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{-F}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{)/(F}_{\mathrm{1}}\mathrm{-F}_{\mathrm{3}}\mathrm{)]\times100} $
式中,F1为水浴但不添加样品的BSA/Glu 模拟体系的荧光值;F2为水浴且添加样品的BSA/Glu 模拟体系的荧光值;F3为不水浴且不添加样品的BSA/Glu 模拟体系的荧光值。
参考张倜培等[16]的方法,用磷酸缓冲液(0.1 mol/L、pH6.9)配制浓度分别为10、100、500、1000、1250、1500 mg/L的绿茶末多糖溶液。50 μL样品与100 μL α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(0.25 U/mL)于96孔酶标板上混匀, 25 ℃下反应10 min后,加入50 μL的pNPG溶液(5 mmol/L),25 ℃下继续反应5 min,在405 nm处检测吸光值。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率按公式(4)计算。
$\rm \alpha\text{-}葡萄糖苷酶抑制率(\text{%})= \left(1-\frac{\mathrm{X}-\mathrm{Y}}{\mathrm{Z}}\right)\times 100 $
式中,X代表样品组的吸光值;Y代表样品背景组的吸光值;Z代表空白对照组的吸光值。
实验数据结果表达为平均值±标准偏差(n=3)。数据统计分析采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行ANOVA方差分析,P<0.05表示差异显著,P<0.01表示差异极显著;利用Excel 2019和Origin 2024软件处理数据与分析及绘制图表。
如表1所示,绿茶末多糖得率为6.50%,提取获得绿茶末多糖中总糖含量为44.73%,糖醛酸含量为22.58%,蛋白质含量为2.92%以及总酚含量为4.35%,与WANG等[24]有关绿茶叶多糖化学组分的测定结果存在差异,这可能与不同茶树品种和生长环境、成熟度和加工工艺以及提取纯化方法等影响因素有关[7]。
由图1可见,保留时间(RT)在10~18 min之间,色谱图出现了三个不同强度信号的样品洗脱峰;RT在19 min以后出现的洗脱峰对应物质的分子质量很小,其RT对应的可能是溶剂峰。样品洗脱峰RT分别为12.792、14.517和17.576 min,表明绿茶末多糖含有三部分分子质量相差较大的多糖片段。根据葡聚糖标准品RT-分子量对数值(lgMw)标准曲线回归方程lgMw=10.254−0.5721RT(R2=0.9973),得到绿茶末多糖的三个分子量分别为862.38、88.88和1.58 kDa,峰面积占比分别为8.29%、57.24%和34.47%,表明绿茶末多糖主要由分子量为88.88 kDa的多糖组成,这与艾于杰[25]有关绿茶多糖的分子量主要集中在0.5~135.8 kDa之间的研究结论相一致。
由图2可知,与13种单糖标准品(图2a)的保留时间相比较,绿茶末多糖(图2b)中检测到了8种单糖,分别是鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖以及半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸,其摩尔质量比分别为8.26:27.11:22.73:31.59:0.87:1.91:6.29:1.24,其中葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的含量相对较高,分别为31.59%、27.11%和22.73%,表明绿茶末多糖主要由葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成。此外,绿茶末多糖还含有7.53%的糖醛酸,其中半乳糖醛酸含量明显高于葡萄糖醛酸。绿茶末多糖的单糖组成检测结果与艾于杰[25]有关高抗氧化活性绿茶多糖的研究结论基本吻合。
如图3所示,绿茶末多糖在3326 cm−1附近的强宽谱带归属于糖类分子O-H的伸缩振动吸收峰[7];在2937 cm−1处的吸收峰为-CH3或-CH2的C-H伸缩振动以及在1350 cm−1、1380 cm−1处的吸收峰为C-H变角振动[26],共同构成糖环特征吸收;在1737 cm−1处则为C=O(-COOH)的伸缩振动吸收峰[25−26],表明存在糖醛酸;在1597 cm−1处的强而尖锐的吸收峰及620 cm−1处的弱吸收峰归属于酰氨的C=O的非对称伸缩振动[25],表明存在糖蛋白;在1243 cm−1处的吸收峰则为-COOH的O-H变角振动,在1101 cm−1处强吸收峰及1022 cm−1处的弱吸收峰为C-O-H或C-O-C中的C-O弯曲振动,此为葡聚糖特征红外光谱信号[25−26]。
由图4可见,绿茶末多糖呈现表面较为平整、致密、不规则以及多层次片块状或薄片状的聚集体结构形貌特征,与黄大茶多糖的扫描电镜表征结果相类似[27]。研究表明,茶多糖分子是由多糖链通过分子间范德华相互作用以及多个糖链间氢键缔合而成,电镜显示颗粒状且结构松散,糖醛酸和蛋白质含量的增加有助于多糖分子间作用位点增多、作用力增大以及糖链间缠绕聚合程度加深,颗粒间结合更加紧密,进而呈现出多层次片状、无规则团状等多种立体结构[28]。
由图5可知,绿茶末多糖的表观黏度随着剪切速率的增加而降低,而同一剪切速率下的表观粘度随着其质量浓度的增大而升高,表现出典型的剪切稀化型假塑性非牛顿流体特征行为,有利于食品工业中的物料泵送和罐装,这是由于高质量浓度溶液中多糖大分子间可形成更加稳固的交联网络或交互缠绕结构,使其流动阻力增大,而高剪切速率下,由于多糖分子链间逐渐解缠并取向,促使相邻链缠结位点减少,分子间相互作用减弱,流动性增强,表观黏度降低[29]。由表2可知,不同质量浓度的绿茶末多糖拟合系数R2均大于0.99,表明Power-law幂律模型对试验数据拟合性较好。随着绿茶末多糖质量浓度的提高,其稠度系数K显著增加,而流动指数n(均小于1)显著降低,呈现出良好的假塑性,剪切稀化性不断增强,可作为新型食品增稠剂用于食品工业领域。此外,研究发现多糖溶液表观黏度与其分子量、单糖组成及分子支化度紧密相关[30]。
由图6可知,绿茶末多糖溶液的储能模量G'和损耗模量G''在扫描频率测试范围内均随着角频率和质量浓度的增加而增大,频率和多糖浓度依赖性明显;G'均大于G'',且2<G'/G''<3,表现出弱凝胶型黏弹性特征行为[23]。Friedrich和Heymann模型方程拟合结果(表2)显示,R2均大于0.99,表明模型拟合性较好。聚合物刚性系数Aα随多糖质量浓度的提升而显著增大,而松弛函数因子α随多糖浓度增加而显著降低(P<0.05),表明较高浓度多糖溶液体系有助于增强多糖大分子间交互作用或分子链缠绕效应,提升其胶体溶液黏弹性[22]。
由图7中的TG曲线可知,绿茶末多糖的热分解过程主要分为两个质量损失阶段。第一阶段,在30~180 ℃之间,质量损失率为9.92%,主要归因于茶多糖中吸附水分的蒸发。第二阶段,温度由180 ℃升至600 ℃,茶多糖受热急速大量分解,热失重率高达72.73%,这可能是由于多糖化学结构剧烈热解聚为CO2、水蒸气等挥发性小分子物质缘故所致[31]。在600 ℃时,绿茶末多糖最终残留质量百分比为17.34%。DTG曲线是TG曲线的一阶微分曲线,表征样品质量损失速率随温度的变化情况,峰值表示样品达到最大质量损失速率时的温度。由图7中DTG曲线可知,在83.94 ℃和333.91 ℃时绿茶末多糖分别达到相应阶段的最大质量损失速率,分别为0.94%/min和1.81%/min。热重分析结果表明,绿茶末多糖具有较好的热稳定性,可作为功能性添加剂用于高温烘焙等热加工食品工业领域。
由图8和表3可知,在测定浓度范围内,随着质量浓度的增加,绿茶末多糖对DPPH·的清除率逐渐增大,量效关系明显。质量浓度在20~150 mg/L范围时,绿茶末多糖的DPPH·清除率增速较快,但超过150 mg/L后,其增速变缓。当质量浓度为250 mg/L时,绿茶末多糖的DPPH·清除率最大为91.28%,略低于VC(98.82%),表现出良好的DPPH·清除能力,两者清除DPPH·的半抑制浓度IC50值分别为90.85 mg/L和9.93 mg/L。
由图9和表3可知,绿茶末多糖和VC对铁离子还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)均呈现出明显的质量浓度依耐性,在实验浓度范围内吸光值随着质量浓度的提高而快速上升。绿茶末多糖的Fe3+还原能力明显弱于VC,两者的 IC50值分别为473.37 mg/L和33.49 mg/L。
由图10和表3可知,实验浓度范围内,绿茶末多糖对亚铁离子的螯合能力(FIC)明显弱于阳性对照 EDTA,且两者对FIC均随着质量浓度的提升而增大,剂量效应关系明显。当质量浓度为1200 mg/L时,绿茶末多糖对亚铁离子的螯合率为51.76%,明显低于同等浓度下的EDTA(99.45%),两者的亚铁离子螯合能力的IC50值分别为1159.68 mg/L和5.92 mg/L。
综上,绿茶末多糖的三个抗氧化指标IC50值大小顺序依次为IC50(DPPH)<IC50(FRAP)<IC50(FIC),表明绿茶末多糖的FRAP和FIC抗氧化能力相对较弱,而对DPPH自由基清除能力相对较强。茶多糖的结构特征与其生物活性紧密相关[25,32]。CHEN等[33]研究表明单糖组成、分子质量以及蛋白含量对绿茶多糖的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除活性具有显著影响。WANG等[34]研究发现乌龙茶多糖的抗氧化活性与其糖醛酸含量成正相关关系。此外,糖醛酸含量较高的高分子质量的茶多糖具有较低的金属离子螯合能力和还原力以及较高的自由基清除活性和脂质过氧化抑制活性[35]。
由图11可知,同一孵育时间下,各样品对AGEs抑制能力均随着其质量浓度的提高而快速增加,量效关系明显。样品质量浓度在0.2~1 mg/mL范围内,反应3 d时,绿茶末多糖的AGEs抑制率由16.47%增至25.26%(P<0.05),但显著低于相应浓度的阳性对照AG(67.03%→74.41%)(P<0.05)。反应6 d时,AG的AGEs抑制率增速变缓,而绿茶末多糖的AGEs抑制率继续快速增长,质量浓度为1 mg/mL的AGEs抑制率快增至56.55%,其抑制率接近于同等浓度的AG(89.89%),约为AG抑制能力的63%,表明绿茶末多糖具有天然植物源AGEs抑制剂的开发潜力。窦祖满等[36]研究发现,较大的分子质量以及较高的糖醛酸含量有助于提高黑莓多糖的AGEs 抑制活性。此外,结合多酚也可能有利于增强植物多糖的体外抗糖基化能力[37]。
由图12可知,在10~1500 mg/L的绿茶末多糖浓度测定范围内,随着质量浓度的提升,绿茶末多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率呈剂量依赖性增长,半抑制浓度IC50为420.48 mg/L,显著低于阳性对照阿卡波糖的IC50值[16](929.59 mg/L)(P<0.05),其抑制活性相当于阿卡波糖的2.21倍,表现出较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力,与WANG等[38]有关茶果皮多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用的研究结论相一致。茶多糖中含有羟基和羧基以及结合蛋白和多酚等化学组分,通过与糖代谢关键酶的氨基酸残基发生相互作用而导致消化酶失活[39−40]。同时,茶多糖还可通过调控胰岛β细胞途径和糖代谢途径[8]以及改善抗氧化状态和胰岛素分泌而发挥抗糖尿病和降血糖功效[26,41]。另外,研究表明茶多糖的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性强弱可能与茶叶加工方式及其茶多糖分子量大小有关[42]。
本研究以绿茶末为原料,通过水提醇沉法制备绿茶末多糖。绿茶末多糖中总糖、糖醛酸和蛋白质含量分别为44.73%、22.58%和2.92%,分子量主要分布在88.88 kDa,是由8种单糖组成的含蛋白酸性杂多糖。结构表征显示绿茶末多糖具有多糖类物质典型特征吸收,表观形貌呈片状、平整不规则且紧密聚集。绿茶末多糖溶液为剪切稀化型假塑性非牛顿流体,呈现弱凝胶型黏弹特征。热重分析表明绿茶末多糖具有较好的热稳定性。绿茶末多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性和非酶糖基化抑制能力且呈量效关系。绿茶末多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性表现出优于阿卡波糖的良好抑制作用。因此,绿茶末多糖具有良好的天然植物源抗氧化剂和抗糖尿病药物或健康食品的开发潜力。本研究可为绿茶末资源的高值化综合开发利用奠定理论基础。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020215
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    1湖北文理学院食品科学与化学工程学院,湖北襄阳 441053
    2湖北省传统药食同源产品研究与开发国际科技合作基地,湖北襄阳 441053
    3韩国江陵原州国立大学海洋生物科技学院,韩国江陵 210702

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包鸿慧(1982−),女,博士,教授,研究方向:农产品加工与贮藏,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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