Article(id=1320889174979359432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320889172802515656, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020198, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792854120249, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792854120249, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792854120249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792854120249, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320889172802515656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='514', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792854119730, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792854119730, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=34, endPage=46, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320889175210046153, articleId=1320889174979359432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Component Analysis of Two Zingiberaceae Characteristic Spice Plants Based on Metabolomics, columnId=1261336279195726298, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Papers Invited by Guest Editors, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to comprehensively analyze the chemical composition characteristics of Zingiber neotruncatum and Amomum coriandriodorum, their primary edible parts were subjected to extensive targeted metabolomic profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed to screen differential metabolites. The results revealed a total of 1119 metabolites identified in both spice plants, with amino acids and their derivatives constituting the highest proportion (197 metabolites, 17.61%). Relative content analysis of primary metabolites indicated that amino acids and derivatives were the most abundant in both species, followed by organic acids, lipids, and nucleotides and their derivatives. Dominant metabolites in these categories were L-valine, succinic acid, palmitaldehyde, crotonoside (2-hydroxyadenosine) for Z. neotruncatum, and L-valine, methylmalonic acid, palmitaldehyde, and 2'-deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate for A. coriandriodorum. Among secondary metabolites, alkaloids exhibited the highest abundance, followed by phenolic acids and flavonoids. Key metabolites in these classes included choline, dihydrodemethoxy curcumin, and quercetin-3-O-robinobioside in Z. neotruncatum, versus indole-3-carboxylic acid, phthalic anhydride, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide-5-O-rhamnoside in A. coriandriodorum. Comparative analysis revealed 594 differential metabolites between the two species, with 364 up-regulated and 230 down-regulated metabolites in A. coriandriodorum relative to Z. neotruncatum. Notably, A. coriandriodorum contained 25 unique metabolites (e.g., N-acetylproline), while Z. neotruncatum possessed 15 exclusive compounds (e.g., N-(1-deoxy-1-fructosyl) tryptophan). Significant disparities were also observed in curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin, dihydrocurcumin) and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. This study employed extensive targeted metabolomics to comprehensively elucidate the chemical composition and metabolic differences between Z. neotruncatum and A. coriandriodorum, identifying key components and bioactive substances. These findings provide a valuable reference for further exploration of their medicinal potential and support future research and development efforts.

, authors=Jinwei LI, Yanxiong GONG, Yanwei RUAN, Huifang YUAN, Minghui CHEN, Xiangshuai YAN*, authorsList=Jinwei LI, Yanxiong GONG, Yanwei RUAN, Huifang YUAN, Minghui CHEN, Xiangshuai YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangshuai YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320889176975848152, articleId=1320889174979359432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=基于代谢组学的两种姜科特色辛香料植物成分分析, columnId=1261336280563069408, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=特邀主编专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为全面分析截形姜(Zingiber neotruncatum)和荽味草果(Amomum coriandriodorum)的化学组成特性,本文以二者的主要食用部位为材料,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析鉴定二者的主要成分,并结合主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析进行差异代谢物的筛选。结果表明,两种特色香料植物共检测出1119种代谢物,其中氨基酸及其衍生物数量占比最高(代谢物197个,占比17.61%)。对各类化合物的相对含量分析发现,二者均表现为初生代谢物中以氨基酸及其衍生物含量最高,其次为有机酸、脂质和核苷酸及其衍生物,截形姜和荽味草果在该几类化合物中的主要代谢物分别为L-缬氨酸、琥珀酸、棕榈醛、巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)和L-缬氨酸、甲基丙二酸、棕榈醛、2'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸;次生代谢物中以生物碱含量最高,之后为酚酸类和黄酮类,二者中各类化合物的主要代谢物分别为胆碱、二氢去甲氧基姜黄素、槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷和吲哚-3-甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷。对二者进行差异代谢物分析发现,荽味草果相比截形姜,二者间存在594种差异代谢物,包括364个上调代谢物和230个下调代谢物;荽味草果具有N-乙酰脯氨酸等25种特有物质,截形姜具有N-(1-脱氧-1-果糖基)色氨酸等15种特有物质,此外二者在姜黄素、二氢姜黄素、5-O-咖啡酰莽草酸等代谢物间具有明显差异。本研究利用广泛靶向代谢组学从整体上阐述截形姜和荽味草果的化学成分和代谢差异,筛选出部分主要成分和活性物质,为进一步探索二者的药用价值研究和开发利用提供参考。

, authors=李金威, 龚燕雄, 阮彦伟, 原慧芳, 陈明惠, 岩香甩*, authorsList=李金威, 龚燕雄, 阮彦伟, 原慧芳, 陈明惠, 岩香甩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=岩香甩, authorNote=

李金威(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:热带作物生理生态,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
岩香甩(1984−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带作物生理生态,E-mail:。
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李金威(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:热带作物生理生态,E-mail:

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Natural Product Research and Development, 2025, 37(3): 529−536., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320889177231700697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889177240089306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, companyId=1320889177231700697, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320889177248477915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, companyId=1320889177231700697, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320889181644108550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=QC sample mass spectrometry detection TIC overlap diagram, figureFileSmall=2f0movZtftgesaBCZk+D1g==, figureFileBig=tydmIOIQo8KzWDvQjypRSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889181715411719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=CN, label=图1, caption=QC样本质谱检测TIC重叠图

注:A:负离子模式;B:正离子模式。

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注:图中同一指标不同字母表示不同样品之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=luBcFcM9nZNw/OG/zPcOQg==, figureFileBig=swi8WFJJ0bzexUEa9BiaWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889183791592205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Principal component analysis of metabolites of two spice plants, figureFileSmall=VPAuLocjMvmm16zLZ+ME/Q==, figureFileBig=rYcvKECIXgy1bhO2Grr0Xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889183862895374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=CN, label=图4, caption=两种香料植物代谢物的主成分分析

注:XJ:截形姜;CGY:荽味草果。

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注:红色柱子表示荽味草果相比截形姜上调的代谢物,蓝色表示荽味草果相比截形姜下调的代谢物。红色柱中“∞”表示该类物质只存在于荽味草果中,蓝色柱中“-∞”表示该类物质只存在于截形姜中;A:氨基酸及其衍生物;B:脂质;C:有机酸;D:核苷酸及其衍生物;E:酚酸类;F:黄酮;G:生物碱;H:萜类;I:木脂素和香豆素;J:其他类。

, figureFileSmall=wSDRNrrEbU0Anwp9u4NhXw==, figureFileBig=GKgyRs54wcz71vtrKhgXvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320889184345240341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main metabolites of various components of two spice plants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类截形姜荽味草果
代谢物名称相对含量(%)代谢物名称相对含量(%)
氨基酸及其衍生物L-缬氨酸8.03L-缬氨酸9.66
DL-色氨酸7.40环亮氨酸9.45
L-缬氨醇5.741-氨基-1-环丁烷羧酸7.64
L-正亮氨酸5.20L-脯氨酸7.64
L-赖氨酸-L-甘氨酸4.86DL-色氨酸7.11
3-羟基-L-苯丙氨酸4.62(2S)-2-氨基-4-甲基-4-戊烯酸6.44
L-酪氨酸4.49色氨酸-谷氨酸-半胱氨酸3.46
L-亮氨酸4.41L-赖氨酸3.31
L-别异亮氨酸3.79L-缬氨醇3.25
别异亮氨酸3.65L-谷氨酰胺3.21
有机酸琥珀酸13.50甲基丙二酸12.20
甲基丙二酸12.42琥珀酸10.85
D-苹果酸11.65D-苹果酸8.02
2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸8.26壬二酸7.07
6-氨基己酸6.43L-哌啶酸6.97
奎宁酸6.192,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸6.19
3-羟基丁酸5.176-氨基己酸4.22
丙二酸4.88丙二酸4.12
4-苯基丁酸3.85γ-氨基丁酸3.12
L-哌啶酸2.463-羟基丁酸3.01
脂质棕榈醛16.22棕榈醛9.34
溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:2(2n异构)10.78γ-亚麻酸8.79
硬脂酸(十八烷酸)6.46十一烷酸8.31
γ-亚麻酸6.19α-亚麻酸7.81
α-亚麻酸5.96硬脂酸(十八烷酸)5.34
溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:25.95溶血磷脂酰胆碱16:04.60
反油酸4.83溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:2(2n异构)4.18
溶血磷脂酰胆碱 16:04.0516-甲基十七烷酸3.10
16-甲基十七烷酸3.17反油酸3.05
十六烷酸2.95溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:22.92
核苷酸及其衍生物巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)28.292'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸29.68
鸟苷19.24巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)18.34
2'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸9.92鸟苷10.94
5-脱氧-5-甲硫腺苷5.502-脱氧核糖-1-磷酸10.41
2'-脱氧腺苷5.04琥珀酰腺苷8.09
5-脱氧腺嘌呤核苷4.31胞苷2.72
琥珀酰腺苷3.922-脱氧核糖-5'-磷酸2.08
虫草素(3'-脱氧腺苷)3.32鸟嘌呤1.80
腺苷2.192'-脱氧鸟苷1.51
9-α-核糖基腺嘌呤2.071-β-D-阿糖呋喃脲嘧啶1.48
生物碱胆碱12.45吲哚-3-甲酸10.36
精胺9.68胆碱7.55
N-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)
乙酰胺
8.70吲哚-5-甲酸5.94
3-氯苯胺8.113-氨基-2-萘甲酸5.93
组氨醇7.783-吲哚丙烯酸5.35
3-吡啶-甲醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基7.373-氯苯胺5.07
3-氨基-2-萘甲酸6.57精胺4.91
3-吲哚丙烯酸5.57组氨醇4.18
十八碳-2-烯酰胺3.382-哌啶甲酸4.10
十八碳二烯酰胺3.323-氨基甲酰-1-甲基氧化吡啶3.75
酚酸类二氢去甲氧基姜黄素10.32邻苯二甲酸酐9.39
5-羟基-1,7-双(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)庚烷-1-烯-3-酮6.95邻苯二甲酸二甲酯7.79
邻苯二甲酸酐5.062-羟基肉桂酸5.67
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯4.76邻苯二甲酸-1-丁酯-2-异丁酯4.40
二氢阿魏酸4.52邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯4.24
葡萄糖基丁香酸3.70邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4.21
异阿魏酸3.30α-羟基肉桂酸3.90
2-羟基肉桂酸2.754-羟基苯甲酸3.65
六氢姜黄素2.723-羟基肉桂酸3.21
4-硝基苯酚2.724-硝基苯酚2.82
黄酮槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷7.33木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷31.15
槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)6.52槲皮素-3-O-新橘皮糖苷4.98
槲皮素-3-O-新橘皮糖苷6.51五羟基黄酮 3'-葡糖苷酸4.95
槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-鼠李糖基)芸香糖苷6.33槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)4.47
槲皮素-7-O-芸香糖苷5.89槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷4.15
山柰酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷5.60槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(槲皮苷)4.03
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷5.37槲皮素-7-O-芸香糖苷3.99
木犀草素-7-O-新橘皮糖苷(忍冬苷)4.75槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷3.90
山柰酚-3-O-新橙皮糖苷4.46槲皮素-4'-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷3.57
山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷3.18异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(水仙苷)2.04
木脂素和香豆素辛夷脂素44.46肉豆蔻醇78.46
马尾松树脂醇41.844-羟基香豆素5.03
白蜡树脂醇2.95秦皮素3.97
1-羟基松脂醇-1-O-葡萄糖苷2.80马尾松树脂醇3.43
巴拉松素B2.76丁香树脂酚-4'-O-葡萄糖苷;无梗五加苷B3.08
8-羟基-α-铁杉脂素0.898-羟基-α-铁杉脂素1.40
环橄榄树脂素-4''-O-葡萄糖苷0.88脱甲基脱羟基开环异落叶松树脂酚0.83
脱甲基脱羟基开环异落叶松树脂酚0.82秦皮乙素;6,7-二羟基香豆素0.66
表桉叶明0.80鹅掌揪树脂醇A0.55
秦皮乙素;6,7-二羟基香豆素0.55巴拉松素B0.37
萜类(3R,4R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,4-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷18.796-O-咖啡酰筋骨草醇33.29
(3R,4S,6R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,6-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷18.32牡荆内酯18.46
3,13,15-三羟基齐墩果烷-12-酮9.92京尼平苷14.56
对薄荷烷-3-烯-1,2-二醇8.385-羟基茚-1,3-二酮4.55
圆柚醇7.07獐牙菜苷4.54
京尼平苷5.62乙酸香芹酯3.02
獐牙菜苷4.452-甲酰-3-羟基-A(1)-去甲基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸 (Colubrinic acid)1.94
5-羟基茚-1,3-二酮4.343,13-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸 (Terminic acid)1.64
牡荆内酯3.43异黑麦草内酯1.62
紫苏子醇2.002,3-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸 (麦珠子酸)1.46
鞣质原花青素B253.72原花青素 B349.63
原花青素B344.97原花青素 B245.57
原花青素A21.31原花青素 A24.80
醌类ω-羟基大黄素-8-甲醚40.282,3-二氢-1,4-萘醌53.96
2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌24.94大黄酚-9-蒽酮18.94
2,5-二甲氧基苯醌24.172,5-二甲氧基苯醌8.97
大黄酚-9-蒽酮9.922,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌8.93
芦荟大黄素-9-蒽酮0.472,5-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌4.85
2,3-二氢-1,4-萘醌0.22芦荟大黄素-9-蒽酮3.38
2,5-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌−ω-羟基大黄素-8-甲醚0.98
其他类3-脱氢-L-苏糖酸13.194-胍基丁醛12.81
香草醛(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛)7.692-癸醇8.89
赤藓糖7.60赤藓糖8.48
1-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine7.403-脱氢-L-苏糖酸7.39
D-氨基葡萄糖5.871-癸醇7.12
D-半乳糖3.31D-氨基葡萄糖5.11
L-葡萄糖3.18香草醛(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛)4.01
4-胍基丁醛3.09葡萄糖酸3.99
D-果糖3.061-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine3.27
D-葡萄糖2.88D-蔗糖酸3.13
), ArticleFig(id=1320889184462680854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两种香料植物各类成分的主要代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类截形姜荽味草果
代谢物名称相对含量(%)代谢物名称相对含量(%)
氨基酸及其衍生物L-缬氨酸8.03L-缬氨酸9.66
DL-色氨酸7.40环亮氨酸9.45
L-缬氨醇5.741-氨基-1-环丁烷羧酸7.64
L-正亮氨酸5.20L-脯氨酸7.64
L-赖氨酸-L-甘氨酸4.86DL-色氨酸7.11
3-羟基-L-苯丙氨酸4.62(2S)-2-氨基-4-甲基-4-戊烯酸6.44
L-酪氨酸4.49色氨酸-谷氨酸-半胱氨酸3.46
L-亮氨酸4.41L-赖氨酸3.31
L-别异亮氨酸3.79L-缬氨醇3.25
别异亮氨酸3.65L-谷氨酰胺3.21
有机酸琥珀酸13.50甲基丙二酸12.20
甲基丙二酸12.42琥珀酸10.85
D-苹果酸11.65D-苹果酸8.02
2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸8.26壬二酸7.07
6-氨基己酸6.43L-哌啶酸6.97
奎宁酸6.192,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸6.19
3-羟基丁酸5.176-氨基己酸4.22
丙二酸4.88丙二酸4.12
4-苯基丁酸3.85γ-氨基丁酸3.12
L-哌啶酸2.463-羟基丁酸3.01
脂质棕榈醛16.22棕榈醛9.34
溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:2(2n异构)10.78γ-亚麻酸8.79
硬脂酸(十八烷酸)6.46十一烷酸8.31
γ-亚麻酸6.19α-亚麻酸7.81
α-亚麻酸5.96硬脂酸(十八烷酸)5.34
溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:25.95溶血磷脂酰胆碱16:04.60
反油酸4.83溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:2(2n异构)4.18
溶血磷脂酰胆碱 16:04.0516-甲基十七烷酸3.10
16-甲基十七烷酸3.17反油酸3.05
十六烷酸2.95溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:22.92
核苷酸及其衍生物巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)28.292'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸29.68
鸟苷19.24巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)18.34
2'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸9.92鸟苷10.94
5-脱氧-5-甲硫腺苷5.502-脱氧核糖-1-磷酸10.41
2'-脱氧腺苷5.04琥珀酰腺苷8.09
5-脱氧腺嘌呤核苷4.31胞苷2.72
琥珀酰腺苷3.922-脱氧核糖-5'-磷酸2.08
虫草素(3'-脱氧腺苷)3.32鸟嘌呤1.80
腺苷2.192'-脱氧鸟苷1.51
9-α-核糖基腺嘌呤2.071-β-D-阿糖呋喃脲嘧啶1.48
生物碱胆碱12.45吲哚-3-甲酸10.36
精胺9.68胆碱7.55
N-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)
乙酰胺
8.70吲哚-5-甲酸5.94
3-氯苯胺8.113-氨基-2-萘甲酸5.93
组氨醇7.783-吲哚丙烯酸5.35
3-吡啶-甲醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基7.373-氯苯胺5.07
3-氨基-2-萘甲酸6.57精胺4.91
3-吲哚丙烯酸5.57组氨醇4.18
十八碳-2-烯酰胺3.382-哌啶甲酸4.10
十八碳二烯酰胺3.323-氨基甲酰-1-甲基氧化吡啶3.75
酚酸类二氢去甲氧基姜黄素10.32邻苯二甲酸酐9.39
5-羟基-1,7-双(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)庚烷-1-烯-3-酮6.95邻苯二甲酸二甲酯7.79
邻苯二甲酸酐5.062-羟基肉桂酸5.67
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯4.76邻苯二甲酸-1-丁酯-2-异丁酯4.40
二氢阿魏酸4.52邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯4.24
葡萄糖基丁香酸3.70邻苯二甲酸二丁酯4.21
异阿魏酸3.30α-羟基肉桂酸3.90
2-羟基肉桂酸2.754-羟基苯甲酸3.65
六氢姜黄素2.723-羟基肉桂酸3.21
4-硝基苯酚2.724-硝基苯酚2.82
黄酮槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷7.33木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷31.15
槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)6.52槲皮素-3-O-新橘皮糖苷4.98
槲皮素-3-O-新橘皮糖苷6.51五羟基黄酮 3'-葡糖苷酸4.95
槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-鼠李糖基)芸香糖苷6.33槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)4.47
槲皮素-7-O-芸香糖苷5.89槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷4.15
山柰酚-3-O-洋槐糖苷5.60槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(槲皮苷)4.03
槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷5.37槲皮素-7-O-芸香糖苷3.99
木犀草素-7-O-新橘皮糖苷(忍冬苷)4.75槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷3.90
山柰酚-3-O-新橙皮糖苷4.46槲皮素-4'-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷3.57
山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖苷-7-O-鼠李糖苷3.18异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷(水仙苷)2.04
木脂素和香豆素辛夷脂素44.46肉豆蔻醇78.46
马尾松树脂醇41.844-羟基香豆素5.03
白蜡树脂醇2.95秦皮素3.97
1-羟基松脂醇-1-O-葡萄糖苷2.80马尾松树脂醇3.43
巴拉松素B2.76丁香树脂酚-4'-O-葡萄糖苷;无梗五加苷B3.08
8-羟基-α-铁杉脂素0.898-羟基-α-铁杉脂素1.40
环橄榄树脂素-4''-O-葡萄糖苷0.88脱甲基脱羟基开环异落叶松树脂酚0.83
脱甲基脱羟基开环异落叶松树脂酚0.82秦皮乙素;6,7-二羟基香豆素0.66
表桉叶明0.80鹅掌揪树脂醇A0.55
秦皮乙素;6,7-二羟基香豆素0.55巴拉松素B0.37
萜类(3R,4R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,4-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷18.796-O-咖啡酰筋骨草醇33.29
(3R,4S,6R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,6-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷18.32牡荆内酯18.46
3,13,15-三羟基齐墩果烷-12-酮9.92京尼平苷14.56
对薄荷烷-3-烯-1,2-二醇8.385-羟基茚-1,3-二酮4.55
圆柚醇7.07獐牙菜苷4.54
京尼平苷5.62乙酸香芹酯3.02
獐牙菜苷4.452-甲酰-3-羟基-A(1)-去甲基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸 (Colubrinic acid)1.94
5-羟基茚-1,3-二酮4.343,13-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸 (Terminic acid)1.64
牡荆内酯3.43异黑麦草内酯1.62
紫苏子醇2.002,3-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸 (麦珠子酸)1.46
鞣质原花青素B253.72原花青素 B349.63
原花青素B344.97原花青素 B245.57
原花青素A21.31原花青素 A24.80
醌类ω-羟基大黄素-8-甲醚40.282,3-二氢-1,4-萘醌53.96
2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌24.94大黄酚-9-蒽酮18.94
2,5-二甲氧基苯醌24.172,5-二甲氧基苯醌8.97
大黄酚-9-蒽酮9.922,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌8.93
芦荟大黄素-9-蒽酮0.472,5-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌4.85
2,3-二氢-1,4-萘醌0.22芦荟大黄素-9-蒽酮3.38
2,5-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌−ω-羟基大黄素-8-甲醚0.98
其他类3-脱氢-L-苏糖酸13.194-胍基丁醛12.81
香草醛(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛)7.692-癸醇8.89
赤藓糖7.60赤藓糖8.48
1-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine7.403-脱氢-L-苏糖酸7.39
D-氨基葡萄糖5.871-癸醇7.12
D-半乳糖3.31D-氨基葡萄糖5.11
L-葡萄糖3.18香草醛(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛)4.01
4-胍基丁醛3.09葡萄糖酸3.99
D-果糖3.061-(9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoyl)-Sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine3.27
D-葡萄糖2.88D-蔗糖酸3.13
), ArticleFig(id=1320889184580121367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Number and percentage of differential metabolites of various compounds

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物质分类差异代谢物数量差异代谢物百分比(%)
氨基酸及其衍生物8213.80
脂质7712.96
有机酸6711.28
核苷酸及其衍生物315.22
酚酸类9616.16
黄酮6110.27
生物碱386.40
萜类284.71
木脂素和香豆素244.04
醌类50.84
鞣质10.17
其他代谢物8414.14
), ArticleFig(id=1320889184668201752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320889174979359432, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同类别差异代谢物数量及百分比

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物质分类差异代谢物数量差异代谢物百分比(%)
氨基酸及其衍生物8213.80
脂质7712.96
有机酸6711.28
核苷酸及其衍生物315.22
酚酸类9616.16
黄酮6110.27
生物碱386.40
萜类284.71
木脂素和香豆素244.04
醌类50.84
鞣质10.17
其他代谢物8414.14
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基于代谢组学的两种姜科特色辛香料植物成分分析
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李金威 , 龚燕雄 , 阮彦伟 , 原慧芳 , 陈明惠 , 岩香甩 *
食品工业科技 | 特邀主编专栏 2026,47(2): 34-46
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食品工业科技 |特邀主编专栏 2026 , 47 (2) : 34 -46
基于代谢组学的两种姜科特色辛香料植物成分分析
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李金威 , 龚燕雄, 阮彦伟, 原慧芳, 陈明惠, 岩香甩*
作者信息
  • 云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
通讯作者:
岩香甩(1984−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带作物生理生态,E-mail:。
作者简介:

李金威(1995−),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:热带作物生理生态,E-mail:

Component Analysis of Two Zingiberaceae Characteristic Spice Plants Based on Metabolomics
Jinwei LI , Yanxiong GONG, Yanwei RUAN, Huifang YUAN, Minghui CHEN, Xiangshuai YAN*
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020198
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为全面分析截形姜(Zingiber neotruncatum)和荽味草果(Amomum coriandriodorum)的化学组成特性,本文以二者的主要食用部位为材料,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析鉴定二者的主要成分,并结合主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析进行差异代谢物的筛选。结果表明,两种特色香料植物共检测出1119种代谢物,其中氨基酸及其衍生物数量占比最高(代谢物197个,占比17.61%)。对各类化合物的相对含量分析发现,二者均表现为初生代谢物中以氨基酸及其衍生物含量最高,其次为有机酸、脂质和核苷酸及其衍生物,截形姜和荽味草果在该几类化合物中的主要代谢物分别为L-缬氨酸、琥珀酸、棕榈醛、巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)和L-缬氨酸、甲基丙二酸、棕榈醛、2'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸;次生代谢物中以生物碱含量最高,之后为酚酸类和黄酮类,二者中各类化合物的主要代谢物分别为胆碱、二氢去甲氧基姜黄素、槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷和吲哚-3-甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷。对二者进行差异代谢物分析发现,荽味草果相比截形姜,二者间存在594种差异代谢物,包括364个上调代谢物和230个下调代谢物;荽味草果具有N-乙酰脯氨酸等25种特有物质,截形姜具有N-(1-脱氧-1-果糖基)色氨酸等15种特有物质,此外二者在姜黄素、二氢姜黄素、5-O-咖啡酰莽草酸等代谢物间具有明显差异。本研究利用广泛靶向代谢组学从整体上阐述截形姜和荽味草果的化学成分和代谢差异,筛选出部分主要成分和活性物质,为进一步探索二者的药用价值研究和开发利用提供参考。

辛香料  /  截形姜  /  荽味草果  /  化学成分  /  代谢组  /  差异代谢物

In order to comprehensively analyze the chemical composition characteristics of Zingiber neotruncatum and Amomum coriandriodorum, their primary edible parts were subjected to extensive targeted metabolomic profiling using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were employed to screen differential metabolites. The results revealed a total of 1119 metabolites identified in both spice plants, with amino acids and their derivatives constituting the highest proportion (197 metabolites, 17.61%). Relative content analysis of primary metabolites indicated that amino acids and derivatives were the most abundant in both species, followed by organic acids, lipids, and nucleotides and their derivatives. Dominant metabolites in these categories were L-valine, succinic acid, palmitaldehyde, crotonoside (2-hydroxyadenosine) for Z. neotruncatum, and L-valine, methylmalonic acid, palmitaldehyde, and 2'-deoxyinosine-5'-monophosphate for A. coriandriodorum. Among secondary metabolites, alkaloids exhibited the highest abundance, followed by phenolic acids and flavonoids. Key metabolites in these classes included choline, dihydrodemethoxy curcumin, and quercetin-3-O-robinobioside in Z. neotruncatum, versus indole-3-carboxylic acid, phthalic anhydride, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide-5-O-rhamnoside in A. coriandriodorum. Comparative analysis revealed 594 differential metabolites between the two species, with 364 up-regulated and 230 down-regulated metabolites in A. coriandriodorum relative to Z. neotruncatum. Notably, A. coriandriodorum contained 25 unique metabolites (e.g., N-acetylproline), while Z. neotruncatum possessed 15 exclusive compounds (e.g., N-(1-deoxy-1-fructosyl) tryptophan). Significant disparities were also observed in curcuminoids (e.g., curcumin, dihydrocurcumin) and 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid. This study employed extensive targeted metabolomics to comprehensively elucidate the chemical composition and metabolic differences between Z. neotruncatum and A. coriandriodorum, identifying key components and bioactive substances. These findings provide a valuable reference for further exploration of their medicinal potential and support future research and development efforts.

spices  /  Zingiber neotruncatum  /  Amomum coriandriodorum  /  chemical composition  /  metabolome  /  differential metabolites
李金威, 龚燕雄, 阮彦伟, 原慧芳, 陈明惠, 岩香甩. 基于代谢组学的两种姜科特色辛香料植物成分分析. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (2) : 34 -46 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020198
Jinwei LI, Yanxiong GONG, Yanwei RUAN, Huifang YUAN, Minghui CHEN, Xiangshuai YAN. Component Analysis of Two Zingiberaceae Characteristic Spice Plants Based on Metabolomics[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (2) : 34 -46 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020198
辛香料是指食物在蒸、煮、烤、煎、炸、煸、焖、烩等加工过程中,使其呈现各种辛、香、苦、辣、甜、麻等典型味道和香气的食用植物,统称为食用香料植物[1]。目前全球已知的辛香料达500多种,经由国际标准化组织(ISO)确认并列入标准的辛香料有114个品种[2]。辛香料除了能带给人们丰富的味觉、嗅觉体验外,还具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血脂、降血糖、免疫调节等功能,而这些功能与其黄酮、酚酸、萜类等化学成分含量有关。日常生活中常见的辛香料植物有姜、蒜、葱、草果、八角、砂仁、姜黄、肉桂、柠檬、柠檬草等,其中姜科(Zingiberaceae)类辛香料在我国居民生活中食用广泛,如生姜、姜黄、草果、砂仁、高良姜、莪术等,食用部位有果实、地下茎、叶片、种子等,但同一香料植物的含香味部分常集中于某一器官[3]。
我国地域辽阔,自然环境条件多样,植物种质资源丰富,在部分少数民族聚集区,因其饮食习惯的差异,孕育出许多特有的食用辛香料植物。截形姜(Zingiber neotruncatum)和荽味草果(Amomum coriandriodorum)为姜科植物,原生于我国、泰国、缅甸等热带地区[4−5]。截形姜的主要食用部位为地下根状茎,除姜的辛辣味外,还具有强烈的类似柠檬草、柠檬、木姜子等多种植物的香气;荽味草果主要食用部位为叶片,具有强烈的芫荽香气。二者多重的混合香味在其他作物中少有,且因香味独特,被当地百姓所喜爱,多用于煲汤、凉拌、烧烤等调味,随着饮食文化的传播,其受众和用途不断扩大。但也由于其香味独特,价格昂贵,野生资源惨遭破坏性采挖,现已难觅寻踪迹,在我国仅残存于西双版纳、普洱、德宏等少数地区,截形姜2023年在“中国植物园联合保护计划”网站被评为地区近危等级。目前国内关于截形姜和荽味草果的研究尚处于空白状态,因此开展二者化学成分研究,对后续开展种质资源保护、引种栽培、开发利用具有重要意义。
代谢组学是近年来被广泛应用于植物代谢和反应机制、植物活性成分分析、有效代谢途径及其合成机制、药物开发等研究[6−7],其中广泛靶向代谢组学具有定性定量准确、灵敏度高、通量高、可重复性强等特点[8−10]。利用代谢组学,在苦荞和普通荞麦中检测出722种代谢物,通过差异代谢物分析表明除黄酮类化合物外,酚酸、萜类化合物、生物碱、脂质等物质也有助于苦荞相比普通荞麦具有更高的营养价值[11];兰天等[12]在黑果枸杞和黄果枸杞中检测出1098种代谢物,KEGG富集分析表明二者的主要差异代谢物主要富集于黄酮类、生物碱、次生代谢物的生物合成等途径;常晓晓等[13]发现不同品种李果实中初生代谢物以脂类含量最高,次生代谢物中多酚类化合物含量最高,并解析不同化合物中的特征代谢物和品种间主要差异代谢物;在不同产地红茶中利用代谢组学方法鉴定出410种差异代谢物,其在氨基酸和黄酮类物质代谢水平的差异可能是形成不同产地红茶滋味品质不同的主要原因[14]。近几年,代谢组学技术越来越成熟且应用越来越广泛,是中药材、水果、饮品等化学成分研究和品质分析的重要技术手段,对其营养价值评价和开发利用具有重大意义。
基于此,本研究以截形姜和荽味草果为研究对象,利用广泛代谢组学技术分析二者的主要化学成分组成,明确主要活性成分和特征代谢物;同时分析二者的主要差异代谢物,探讨化学成分和香气差异的主要原因,为后续高值化开发利用奠定基础。
截形姜块茎干样、荽味草果叶片干样 由云南省热带作物科学研究所提供;甲醇、乙腈 色谱纯,德国Merck公司;甲酸 色谱纯,美国Aladdin公司。
Scientz-100F冻干机 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司;MM400研磨仪 德国Retsch公司;Sciex QTRAP 6500+液相色谱-质谱联用仪 美国Sciex公司。
截形姜和荽味草果于11月采收后,置于阴凉通风处风干(各3个重复,共6个样品)。冻干机中真空冷冻干燥后,置于研磨仪中研磨(30 Hz,1.5 min)至粉末状。分别称取样本粉末50 mg加入1200 μL的70%甲醇水内标提取液(−20 ℃预冷);之后每30 min涡旋一次,每次持续30 s,重复6次;涡旋结束后12000 r/min离心3 min,吸取上清,用微孔滤膜(0.22 μm)过滤样品,并保存于进样瓶中,用于后续样品数据采集与代谢物定性定量分析[15]。
质控样本(Quality Control sample,QC)由截形姜和荽味草果提取物1:1比例混合制备而成(3个生物学重复),用于分析样本在相同的处理方法下的重复性。
数据采集仪器系统主要包括超高效液相色谱(Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC)和串联质谱(Tandem mass spectrometry,MS/MS)两部分组成。
色谱柱:Agilent SB-C18(1.8 µm,2.1 mm×100 mm);流动相:A相为超纯水(加入0.1%的甲酸),B相为乙腈(加入0.1%的甲酸);洗脱梯度:0.00~9.00 min内B相比例由5%线性增加到95%,并维持95% 1 min,10.00~11.10 min,B相比例降为5%,并以5%平衡至14 min;流速:0.35 mL/min;柱温:40 ℃;进样量:2 μL[16]。
电喷雾离子源温度550 ℃;离子喷雾电压5500 V(正离子模式)/−4500 V(负离子模式);离子源气体I、气体II和气帘气分别设置为50、60和25 psi,碰撞诱导电离参数设置为高。QQQ扫描使用MRM模式,并将碰撞气体(氮气)设置为中等。通过进一步的去簇电压(Declustering Potential,DP)和碰撞能(Collision Energy,CE)优化,完成了各个MRM离子对的DP和CE。根据每个时期内洗脱的代谢物,在每个时期监测一组特定的MRM离子对[16]。
基于自建数据库MWDB,根据二级谱信息进行物质定性,分析时去除了同位素信号,含K+离子、Na+离子、NH4+离子的重复信号,以及本身是其他更大分子量物质的碎片离子的重复信号[15]。
利用三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)分析完成。MRM模式中,四极杆首先筛选目标物质的前体离子(母离子),排除掉其他分子量物质对应的离子以初步排除干扰;前体离子经碰撞室诱导电离后断裂形成很多碎片离子,碎片离子再通过三重四极杆过滤选择出所需要的一个特征碎片离子,排除非目标离子干扰,使定量更为精确,重复性更好。获得不同样本的代谢物质谱分析数据后,对所有物质色谱峰进行峰面积积分(相对含量),并对其中同一代谢物在不同样本中的质谱出峰进行积分校正。
利用Excel整理统计各类化合物、代谢物相对含量,并绘制表格;SPSS 27对各类化合物的相对含量进行差异显著性分析。采取多元统计分析,对两种样本代谢物数据进行主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis,PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(Orthoonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis,OPLS-DA),初步分析两种特色香料植物的代谢物组差异。基于OPLS-DA模型(生物学重复≥3)的变量重要性投影(Variable Importance in Projection,VIP),选取VIP>1、fold change≥2和fold change≤0.5的代谢物进行差异代谢物分析。Origin 2021、Adobe Illustrator 2022等软件绘制环形图、柱状图和火山图等。
为保证数据的可靠性和重复性,将样本提取物混合制备为质控样本(QC),通过UPLC-MS/MS技术检测QC在正、负离子检测模式的质谱总离子流图(TIC图,图1),结果表明QC样本各色谱峰的保留时间和响应强度基本重叠,说明在整个实验过程中因仪器偏差引起的变异较小。
利用广泛靶向代谢组学对截形姜、荽味草果的食用部位进行代谢物的定性定量分析,通过与MWDB数据库进行对比分析,共鉴定出12类1119种代谢产物。对代谢物组成进行分析,其中初生代谢物510个:氨基酸及其衍生物197个(占比17.61%),核苷酸及其衍生物54个(占比4.83%),有机酸111个(占比9.92%),脂质148个(占比13.23%);次生代谢物432个:酚酸类156个(占比13.9%),黄酮95个(占比8.49%),醌类7个(占比0.63%),木脂素和香豆素26个(占比2.32%),鞣质3个(占比0.27%),生物碱95个(占比8.49%),萜类50个(占比4.47%);其他代谢物177个(占比15.8%),包括糖类、维生素、酮类、醛类等代谢物。结果表明氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸类、脂质、有机酸、黄酮和生物碱种类占比最高,占总代谢物的71.67%(图2)。由此可知,截形姜和荽味草果中代谢物种类繁多,营养丰富。
初生代谢物中,截形姜、荽味草果均表现为氨基酸及其衍生物含量最高(图3),其次为有机酸、脂质和核苷酸及其衍生物,其中截形姜脂质含量显著低于荽味草果,核苷酸及其衍生物含量显著高于荽味草果(P<0.05)。在次生代谢物中,二者均表现为生物碱含量最高,其次为酚酸类和黄酮,与荽味草果相比,截形姜酚酸类含量较高,黄酮含量较低(P<0.05);此外二者还具有一定的木脂素和香豆素、萜类物质,鞣质和醌类含量较低。截形姜和荽味草果中各类化合物含量的不同,可能受其遗传背景的影响,进一步导致二者在风味上的差异。
分别从截形姜和荽味草果各类化合物中筛选出含量前十的代谢物,结果如表1所示。
在初生代谢物中,氨基酸及其衍生物是二者主要化学成分,截形姜主要含有呈现苦味(缬氨酸、亮氨酸)、甜味(赖氨酸、甘氨酸)和芳香味(色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸)的氨基酸,其中L-缬氨酸、DL-色氨酸、L-缬氨醇、L-正亮氨酸在截形姜中的含量最多;荽味草果亦主要含有苦味氨基酸(缬氨酸、亮氨酸)、甜味氨基酸(脯氨酸、赖氨酸)和芳香味氨基酸(色氨酸),其中L-缬氨酸、环亮氨酸、1-氨基-1-环丁烷羧酸、L-脯氨酸、DL-色氨酸、(2S)-2-氨基-4-甲基-4-戊烯酸含量较高,二者在氨基酸种类丰度和含量上具有差异,为其味道差异提供间接依据[17]。有机酸是植物品质和风味形成的重要因子,在两种特色香料中含量均较高,该类物质在截形姜中的主要代谢物为琥珀酸、甲基丙二酸、D-苹果酸、2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸、6-氨基己酸、奎宁酸等;在荽味草果中的主要代谢物为甲基丙二酸、琥珀酸、D-苹果酸、壬二酸、L-哌啶酸、2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸等。其中琥珀酸、甲基丙二酸和D-苹果酸为二者共有的主要酸味物质,对塑造香料物质本身的酸甜平衡、风味层次以及整体感官体验具有重要作用[18]。脂质是动植物有机体的重要组成,也是许多醇类、醛类物质的前体,对植物香气和风味具有重要影响。在两种特色香料中,棕榈醛、溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:2(2n异构)、硬脂酸(十八烷酸)、γ-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱18:2等为截形姜的优势代谢物;棕榈醛、γ-亚麻酸、十一烷酸、α-亚麻酸、硬脂酸(十八烷酸)等为荽味草果的优势代谢物。其中棕榈醛为截形姜和荽味草果的主要脂质类物质,可能具有调节香味的作用[19];亚麻酸具有抗炎、调节机体免疫的功能;溶血磷脂酰胆碱具有保护肝脏、增强记忆力的功能。核苷酸是植物体的遗传物质,对其生长发育、营养物质的代谢调节而具有重要作用。巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)、鸟苷为截形姜的优势代谢物;2'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸、巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)、鸟苷、2-脱氧核糖-1-磷酸为荽味草果的优势代谢物。二者中的巴豆苷(2-羟基腺苷)、鸟苷和2'-脱氧肌苷-5'-单磷酸的相对含量累计超过55%,表明其是二者的重要营养成分。
生物碱为两种特色香料中含量最高的次生代谢物,截形姜中胆碱、精胺、N-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺、3-氯苯胺等为优势代谢物;吲哚-3-甲酸、胆碱、吲哚-5-甲酸、3-氨基-2-萘甲酸等为荽味草果的优势代谢物。其中胆碱是磷脂酰胆碱、神经鞘磷脂和羧醛磷脂合成的前体,对肝脏糖代谢具有调节作用[20−21];精胺可促进肠道细胞增殖和营养物质吸收[22];吲哚-3-甲酸等吲哚类生物碱亦具有降压、抗病毒、增强免疫力等功能[23]。酚酸类化合物为植物体内重要的次生代谢物,对其抗菌、消炎、抗氧化等药理活性具有重要作用,在两种特色香料中,二氢去甲氧基姜黄素、5-羟基-1,7-双(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)庚烷-1-烯-3-酮、邻苯二甲酸酐等为截形姜的优势代谢物;邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、2-羟基肉桂酸等为荽味草果的优势代谢物。姜黄素类化合物具有抗氧化、清除活性氧、抗肿瘤、保护肝脏等药理作用[24];此外两种特色香料还含有多种阿魏酸和肉桂酸化合物,有研究表明阿魏酸和肉桂酸化合物和有效抑制α-淀粉酶活性,从而降低餐后血糖[25],因此本研究进一步地丰富了二者的营养价值。黄酮是植物体内的主要活性成分,在两种特色香料中,槲皮素-3-O-洋槐糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(芦丁)、槲皮素-3-O-新橘皮糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-(2''-O-鼠李糖基)芸香糖苷等为截形姜的优势代谢物;木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷-5-O-鼠李糖苷为荽味草果的主要黄酮物质,相对含量达31.15%。罗鑫等[26]发现高良姜黄酮组合物对幽门螺杆菌胃炎具有一定的保护机制,从而降低感染率、调控PI3K/Akt相关信号通路抑制炎症因子释放。两种特色香料植物次生代谢物中黄酮含量较高,可进一步研究其药理活性。木脂素和云香豆素化合物是一类具有抗肿瘤、抑菌和抗氧化等功效的活性物质[27],其中辛夷脂素和马尾松树脂醇为截形姜的主要优势代谢物,二者含量占该类化合物的86.30%;荽味草果中该类物质的优势代谢物为肉豆蔻醇,含量达78.46%。在萜类化合物中,(3R,4R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,4-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、(3R,4S,6R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,6-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷为截形姜的优势代谢物,二者含量达37.11%;荽味草果在该类物质中的优势代谢物主要为6-O-咖啡酰筋骨草醇、牡荆内酯和京尼平苷,三者含量分别为33.29%、18.46%、14.56%。两种特色香料的鞣质类化合物仅检测出3种物质,为原花青素B2、原花青素B3和原花青素A2。在醌类物质中,ω-羟基大黄素-8-甲醚、2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌、2,5-二甲氧基苯醌、大黄酚-9-蒽酮为截形姜的主要优势代谢物,四者含量达99.31%;2,3-二氢-1,4-萘醌、大黄酚-9-蒽酮、2,5-二甲氧基苯醌、2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌为荽味草果的主要优势代谢物,四者含量达92.80%。此外,在截形姜中检测出3-脱氢-L-苏糖酸、香草醛(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛)和赤藓糖等优势代谢物;在荽味草果中检测出4-胍基丁醛、2-癸醇、赤藓糖、3-脱氢-L-苏糖酸、1-癸醇等优势代谢物。综上所述,截形姜和荽味草果具有许多药用前景的化学成分,可为其后续的开发利用提供科学依据。
为了解两种特色香料植物间的差异,对二者样本进行PCA主成分分析,结果表明截形姜(XJ)、荽味草果(CGY)样本组内聚集在一起,组内变异度较小重复性较高;组间明显分离(图4A),表明两种香料植物成分有明显差异。前5个主成分累计贡献率100%,其中第一主成分(PC1)的贡献率为58.46%,第二主成分的贡献率为19.85%,二者从整体上可反映两植物间78.31%的信息(图4B)。
根据OPLS-DA模型分析代谢组数据(图5),表明荽味草果与截形姜在PC1上明显分离,进一步验证二者代谢组结果具有明显差异。OPLS-DA模型的预测参数R2Y为0.999,R2X为0.743,Q2为0.969,P值均小于0.005,表明该模型稳定可靠,可根据该模型的VIP值进行差异代谢物的筛选。
基于OPLS-DA模型分析结果,依据VIP≥1、fold change≥2和fold change≤0.5进行差异代谢物的筛选,结果如图6和表2所示,两种特色香料植物代谢产物中594个具有显著差异,其中荽味草果相比截形姜具有364个上调代谢物和230个下调代谢物,包括氨基酸及其衍生物82个、酚酸类96个、核苷酸及其衍生物31个、黄酮61个、醌类5个、木脂素和香豆素24个、鞣质1个、生物碱38个、萜类28个、有机酸67个、脂质77个、其他代谢物84个。其中初生代谢物中氨基酸及其衍生物、脂质和有机酸数量较多,分别占差异代谢物数量的13.80%、12.96%、11.28%;次生代谢物中以酚酸类、黄酮和生物碱占比较多,分别占比16.16%、10.27%、6.40%,由此可知,该几类化合物可能是造成两种特色香料风味差异的主要原因。
除醌类和鞣质外,将各类化合物的差异代谢物进行差异倍数(Fold Change,FC)计算后进行log2处理(log2FC),筛选|log2FC|前十的差异代谢物,结果如图7所示。荽味草果相比截形姜,氨基酸及其衍生物中特有的物质有N-乙酰脯氨酸和N-苯乙酰基-L-谷氨酰胺,色氨酸-谷氨酸-半胱氨酸、茉莉酰-L-异亮氨酸、精氨酰-色氨酸-组氨酸等物质显著上调;另谷氨酰-苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸、N-(1-脱氧-1-果糖基)色氨酸仅在截形姜中检测到,环(D-亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸)二肽、甘氨酸-酪氨酸、L-酪氨酸-L-甘氨酸等物质在截形姜中显著上调(图7A)。氨基酸与机体代谢和生理活动息息相关,韩红园等[28]对不同品种生姜氨基酸成分进行分析,表明品种间氨基酸含量和组成有所差异,本研究结果与之一致,表明该类物质可能与二者的品质、风味密切相关。
两种特色香料的脂质类化合物进行差异代谢物分析(图7B),在77种差异代谢物中(表2),5,15-二羟基-6,8,11,13-二十碳四烯酸、1,18-十八烷二醇为荽味草果特有的成分,溶血磷脂酰甘油16:1为二者共有且是荽味草果中上调倍数(1411.00倍)最高的脂质类物质,其余13S-羟基-9Z,11E,15Z-十八碳三烯酸、9-羟基-10,12-十八碳二烯酸、十一烷酸等物质亦在荽味草果中显著上调。相比荽味草果,15(R)-羟基亚油酸为截形姜特有的脂质类物质,其余14(15)-环氧-5,8,11,17-二十碳四烯酸、19-羟基二十碳-5,8,11,14-四烯酸、1-O-亚油酰基-(6-O-羟乙基-D-葡萄糖)等物质显著上调。脂质与机体的风味成分和风味形成之间存在密切关系,比如许多风味前体为脂质,脂质及其降解构成了主要的风味基础,如坚果中的不饱和脂肪酸在储存过程中氧化,导致风味下降[29−30]。
在有机酸类差异代谢物中(图7C),相比截形姜,1-甲基哌啶-2-羧酸、2-丙基戊二酸、3-(2-甲氧基苯基)丙酸为荽味草果特有的物质,戊二酸、2-甲基丁二酸、乙基丙二酸等物质显著上调,酮脱氧壬酸、4-苯基丁酸、6-马来酰亚胺己酸等物质显著下调,其中酮脱氧壬酸为截形姜特有物质。有机酸为评价风味的主要因素之一,其差异受品种特性和生长环境的共同影响,与可溶性糖的糖酸比最终影响机体的口感[31]。
相比截形姜,2-脱氧核糖-5'-磷酸、别嘌呤醇、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤等核苷酸及其衍生物在荽味草果中显著上调,腺苷、5-脱氧腺嘌呤核苷、虫草素(3'-脱氧腺苷)、2'-脱氧腺苷等物质显著下调(图7D)。
酚酸类化合物为数量最多的次生差异代谢物(表2和图7E),其中原儿茶酸4-O-(2''-O-香草酰)葡萄糖苷、原儿茶酸4-O-(6''-O-阿魏酰)葡萄糖苷、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、3-O-对香豆酰奎宁酸为荽味草果中检测到的特有物质,丁香苷、4-O-葡萄糖基芥子酸、白杨糖苷等物质在其样品中显著上调。阿魏酸松柏酯、1-O-对香豆酰-β-D-葡萄糖、丁香醛-4-O-葡萄糖苷为截形姜中的特有物质,姜黄素、益母草苷A、二氢姜黄素、1-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-7-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-5-羟基庚烷-6-烯-3-酮、二氢去甲氧基姜黄素等物质在截形姜样品中显著上调。姜黄素、二氢姜黄素、二氢去甲氧基姜黄素等是姜科植物中重要的一类二芳基庚烷化合物,具有极强的抗氧化作用,因处理方式和品种的不同,化合物含量亦不同,从而导致药理活性的差异[32−33]。因此猜想本研究中该类化合物的差异主要由物种差异导致。
黄酮是一类重要的药理活性成分,在两种特色香料植物中(图7F),检测出木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、圣草酚、3,7-二-O-甲基槲皮素、阿夫儿茶精-(4α→8)-表阿夫儿茶精为荽味草果的特有成分,槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(槲皮苷)、槲皮素-4'-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、五羟基黄酮3'-葡糖苷酸等物质在其样品中显著上调。芹菜素-6,8-二-C-葡萄糖苷(新西兰牡荆苷II)、6-羟基山柰酚-7-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷-7-O-葡萄糖苷为截形姜的特有成分,相比荽味草果7-甲基柚皮素、3'-O-甲基五羟黄酮-5-O-葡萄糖苷、商路黄素显著上调。前人研究发现高良姜黄酮组分具有抗胃黏膜损伤的作用[34],基于此,对两种特色香料植物的黄酮成分进一步分析,可对其开发利用奠定基础。
生物碱具有抗氧化、杀菌、消炎、止痛等药理作用[35],在该类差异代谢物中,2-氨基-4,5-二氢-1H-咪唑-4-乙酸、N-(4-氧代戊基)-乙酰胺仅在荽味草果中检测出,3-氨基甲酰-1-甲基氧化吡啶、水苏碱、N-乙酰靛红、3-喹啉羧酸等物质显著高于截形姜;3-羟基-3-乙酰甲基氧化吲哚、3-吡啶-甲醇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基、氮-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4-羟基丁酰胺、N-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺等物质显著下调,其中3-羟基-3-乙酰甲基氧化吲哚为截形姜的特有物质(图7G)。结果表明,两种姜科特色香料植物的生物碱组成具有明显差异,可为之后二者开发利用的方式提供参考。
在木脂素和香豆素化合物中,相比截形姜,肉豆蔻醇、4-羟基香豆素、丁香树脂酚-4'-O-葡萄糖苷(无梗五加苷B)、秦皮素等物质在荽味草果中显著上调;络石苷元-4'-O-龙胆双糖苷、辛夷脂素、1-羟基松脂醇-1-O-葡萄糖苷、白蜡树脂醇、环橄榄树脂素-4''-O-葡萄糖苷等物质显著下调,其中络石苷元-4'-O-龙胆双糖苷仅在截形姜样品中检测出(图7H)。
在萜类差异代谢物中,荽味草果相比截形姜,具有11β-羟基-3-氧基-4(5),6(7)-二烯-桉叶烷-12-醇、檀香醇、3-(3'-羟基丁基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己烷-2,5-二烯酮、异黑麦草内酯4种特有的萜类代谢物,6-O-咖啡酰筋骨草醇、京尼平、马钱苷元、菜豆酸等物质显著上调,其中6-O-咖啡酰筋骨草醇上调643.80倍;2-羟基熊果酸、(3R,4S,6R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,6-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、(3R,4R)-对薄荷-1-烯-3,4-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、圆柚醇、3,13,15-三羟基齐墩果烷-12-酮、对薄荷烷-3-烯-1,2-二醇等物质显著下调,其中2-羟基熊果酸为截形姜的特有物质(图7I)。
除以上几大类化合物,荽味草果相比截形姜,在糖类、醇类、醛类、维生素等化合物中也存在差异代谢物(图7J),如5,7-二羟基色原酮、3'-岩藻糖半乳糖、3,4-二羟基苯乙酮、格列风内酯为荽味草果的特有物质,(R)-3-乙基-7-羟基-6-甲氧基苯酞、L-古洛糖酸-1,4-内酯为截形姜的特有物质;2-氨基乙基磷酸酯、二氢猕猴桃内酯、长寿花糖苷在荽味草果中显著上调,6-去甲氧基-7-甲基茵陈色原酮、4-羟基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)呋喃酮、视黄醇(维生素A1)、2,6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯酚-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、D-蔗糖、肌醇半乳糖苷等物质显著下调。
我国姜科植物资源丰富,且多为药食两用植物,如姜黄、红豆蔻、益智、砂仁、姜等[36]。姜科植物的药理活性化学成分主要有黄酮、萜类、挥发性油、酚酸等物质,药用价值体现于消化系统、癌症和神经性等疾病的治疗[37−40]。本研究通过广泛靶向代谢组学,在截形姜和荽味草果两种姜科特色辛香料中共检测出1119种代谢物,包括氨基酸及其衍生物、有机酸、脂质、酚酸、黄酮等11类化合物,营养价值丰富。其中氨基酸及其衍生物相对含量最高,二者在该类化合物中所含主要代谢物种类和含量不同,且所占差异代谢物最多,对之后探索二者的营养价值具有重要意义。有机酸和脂质是调节物质风味的重要营养物质,在两种特色香料中含量均较高,或与其特殊香味有关,下一步将对其进行深入研究。在次生代谢物中,酚酸、黄酮、生物碱类化合物含量较高,且多与机体抗氧化、消炎、止痛、增强免疫力等药理功能息息相关[32−35];另截形姜中姜黄素、二氢去甲氧基姜黄素、六氢姜黄素等姜黄素类物质含量较高,该类化合物对保护肠道健康具有重要作用[41],因此后续可考虑进行活性成分提取,开展药理试验,深入其功能研究,拓宽开发利用途径。通过PCA分析,截形姜与荽味草果化学成分间具有明显差异,对二者的代谢物进行分析,共鉴定出594种差异代谢物,截形姜具有N-(1-脱氧-1-果糖基)色氨酸、谷氨酰-苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸、阿魏酸松柏酯等15种特有物质,荽味草果具有N-乙酰脯氨酸、N-苯乙酰基-L-谷氨酰胺、原儿茶酸4-O-(2''-O-香草酰)葡萄糖苷等25种特有物质,姜黄素、二氢姜黄素、5-O-咖啡酰莽草酸等代谢物在二者间具有显著差异。因受限于当前对截形姜和荽味草果的报道极少,多数代谢物理化性质和药理作用尚不明确,以及代谢组学数据库收录容量和范围等原因,无法完全展示和明确二者的主要功能成分,使研究结果出现一定的局限。但差异代谢物中以氨基酸及其衍生物、有机酸、脂质、酚酸、黄酮、生物碱类的代谢物最多,主要与嘌呤代谢、α-亚麻酸代谢、亚油酸代谢、赖氨酸降解、核苷酸代谢等有关,可为之后二者的化学成分和风味差异研究提供参考。综上所述,本研究为截形姜和荽味草果成分分析及生物活性探讨提供理论基础,也为二者在食品、药品等领域的深度开发利用提供科学依据,对其高值化开发利用具有重要的现实意义。

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2026年第47卷第2期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020198
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100

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岩香甩(1984−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带作物生理生态,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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