Article(id=1320883905146761865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883859747615068, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020180, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740326400000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852863823, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1773504000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852863823, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852863823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852863823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883859747615068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='505', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773504000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852852999, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852852999, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=369, endPage=378, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320883905373254282, articleId=1320883905146761865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Black Corn Polysaccharide on Diabetic Osteoporosis Rats, columnId=1261343846965830077, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Nutrition and Healthcare, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of black corn polysaccharide (BPS) on diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) in rats and sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A DOP rat model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups: Model, low-dose BPS, high-dose BPS, metformin, and blank control groups. Metabolic parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), food and water intake, and body weight were monitored, and we collected serum, femur, and tibia samples. In addition, using ELISA, we determined the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), 1,25-(OH)2D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Furthermore, morphometric measurements of cortical and cancellous bones were performed based on observations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues, whereas femoral biomechanical properties were assessed using a three-point bending test, and the protein expression of OPG and RANKL in tibia was determined immunohistochemically. Results: BPS treatment was found to promote significant reductions in the serum levels of GHb (P<0.01) and FBG (P<0.01), along with reductions in the bone resorption markers TRACP-5b (P<0.01) and CTX-I (P<0.01), and increases in the levels of PTH (P<0.05), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (P<0.01), PINP, OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio (P<0.05 or P<0.01). BPS also contributed to an improvement in tibial bone microstructure by promoting increases in the percentage trabecular area (%Tb.Ar), trabecular number (Tb.N), cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), and bone marrow cavity area percentage (%Ma.Ar), whilst reducing trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Moreover, BPS enhanced femoral biomechanical properties, including maximum load (P<0.01), maximum energy absorption (P<0.01), structural toughness (P<0.01), and elastic modulus (P<0.01). In addition, BPS was found to promote upregulated OPG and downregulated RANKL expression in bone tissue. Conclusion: In DOP rats, the administration of BPS effectively improves glycemic control, ameliorates bone metabolic disorders, and enhances bone strength, plausibly via regulation of the OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for developing BPS as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.

, authors=Cheng ZENG1, Shiyun LIU2, Ying XU3, Bohao HAN1, Huiwen YANG3, *, authorsList=Cheng ZENG, Shiyun LIU, Ying XU, Bohao HAN, Huiwen YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huiwen YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320883909085213345, articleId=1320883905146761865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=黑玉米多糖对糖尿病性骨质疏松大鼠的改善作用及机制研究, columnId=1261343850979779009, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=营养与保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的:探讨黑玉米多糖(Black corn polysaccharide,BPS)对糖尿病性骨质疏松(Diabetic osteoporosis,DOP)大鼠的治疗作用及其机制。方法:采用高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素构建DOP大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、BPS低剂量组和BPS高剂量组、二甲双胍组,另设对照组。使用血糖仪测定大鼠空腹血糖(Fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、饮食饮水量、体重。采集血清、股骨、胫骨样本;ELISA法测定血清大鼠糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,GHb)、大鼠1,25二羟基维生素D3(1,25-(OH)2D3)、大鼠甲状旁腺激素(Parathyroid hormone,PTH)、大鼠Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽(N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen,PINP)、大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TRACP-5b)、大鼠Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基端肽(Type Ⅰ collagen cross-links the carboxy-terminal peptide,CTX-Ⅰ)、大鼠骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)和大鼠核因子κB受体活化因子配体(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)含量。通过HE染色观察进行皮质骨和松质骨的骨形态计量学测量。三点弯曲实验测股骨生物力学参数。免疫组化法观察胫骨中OPG、RANKL蛋白表达水平。结果:BPS可降低DOP大鼠的GHb(P<0.01)、FBG(P<0.01),下调血清中TRACP-5b(P<0.01)、CTX-I(P<0.01)水平并上调PTH(P<0.05)、1,25-(OH)2D3(P<0.01)、PINP、OPG、OPG/RANKL(P<0.05或P<0.01)水平。此外,BPS可上调大鼠胫骨上段静态参数骨小梁面积百分数(Trabecular area,%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁数量(Number of trabeculae,Tb.N)、皮质骨面积(Cortical bone area,Ct.Ar)和骨髓腔面积百分数(Area of bone marrow cavity,%Ma.Ar)值并减少骨小梁分离度(Trabecular bone dissociation,Tb.Sp)值。同时,BPS可增加大鼠股骨的最大载荷(P<0.01)、最大能量吸收(P<0.01),骨结构的韧性(P<0.01)和股骨的弹性模量(P<0.01)。另外,BPS会增强大鼠骨组织中OPG的表达,并抑制RANKL的表达。结论:BPS可有效降低血糖,改善骨代谢紊乱,提高骨强度,从而发挥抗DOP的作用,其机制可能与OPG/RANK/RANKL信号有关,为DOP的药物研发提供一定的理论依据。

, authors=曾诚1, 刘诗芸2, 徐颍3, 韩博皓1, 杨慧文3, *, authorsList=曾诚, 刘诗芸, 徐颍, 韩博皓, 杨慧文, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨慧文, authorNote=

曾诚(1990−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:药理学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨慧文(1983−),女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:药理学,E-mail:。
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曾诚(1990−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:药理学,E-mail:

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注:*表示与CON比较,P<0.05,**表示P<0.01;#表示与DOP比较,P<0.05,##表示P<0.01,图2~图4、图6、图8、图11同。

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注:1到3分别代表浅表区、软骨区和软骨下区。

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Comparison of fasting blood glucose levels in rats in each group (X±SD, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组第0周第2周第4周第6周第8周第10周
CON5.72±0.495.88±0.405.75±0.425.65±0.245.35±0.485.72±0.28
DOP18.05±2.05**18.13±0.90**18.34±0.96**18.97±0.90**18.90±1.16**19.72±1.42**
MET18.15±0.9617.10±1.1216.51±1.46#15.87±1.43##15.52±1.62##15.32±2.35##
BPSL17.95±1.3718.08±1.0617.95±0.6417.58±1.2917.07±1.30#16.58±1.14##
BPSH18.02±0.6817.58±1.1716.95±1.07#16.43±1.57##15.97±0.73##15.67±1.48##
), ArticleFig(id=1320883914646860515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883905146761865, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组大鼠空腹血糖的水平比较(X±SD, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组第0周第2周第4周第6周第8周第10周
CON5.72±0.495.88±0.405.75±0.425.65±0.245.35±0.485.72±0.28
DOP18.05±2.05**18.13±0.90**18.34±0.96**18.97±0.90**18.90±1.16**19.72±1.42**
MET18.15±0.9617.10±1.1216.51±1.46#15.87±1.43##15.52±1.62##15.32±2.35##
BPSL17.95±1.3718.08±1.0617.95±0.6417.58±1.2917.07±1.30#16.58±1.14##
BPSH18.02±0.6817.58±1.1716.95±1.07#16.43±1.57##15.97±0.73##15.67±1.48##
), ArticleFig(id=1320883916316193508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883905146761865, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relative expressions of OPG and RANKL proteins in each group (X±SD, n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组OPG/GAPDHRANKL/GAPDHOPG/RANKL
CON1.13±0.090.56±0.062.01±0.14
DOP0.23±0.05**0.89±0.09**0.25±0.06**
MET0.44±0.08##0.78±0.07#0.56±0.07##
BPSL0.39±0.10##0.81±0.090.48±0.05##
BPSH0.74±0.06##0.52±0.06##1.42±0.06##
), ArticleFig(id=1320883916416856805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320883905146761865, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组大鼠OPG、RANKL蛋白相对表达量(X±SD,n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组OPG/GAPDHRANKL/GAPDHOPG/RANKL
CON1.13±0.090.56±0.062.01±0.14
DOP0.23±0.05**0.89±0.09**0.25±0.06**
MET0.44±0.08##0.78±0.07#0.56±0.07##
BPSL0.39±0.10##0.81±0.090.48±0.05##
BPSH0.74±0.06##0.52±0.06##1.42±0.06##
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黑玉米多糖对糖尿病性骨质疏松大鼠的改善作用及机制研究
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曾诚 1 , 刘诗芸 2 , 徐颍 3 , 韩博皓 1 , 杨慧文 3, *
食品工业科技 | 营养与保健 2026,47(6): 369-378
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食品工业科技 |营养与保健 2026 , 47 (6) : 369 -378
黑玉米多糖对糖尿病性骨质疏松大鼠的改善作用及机制研究
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曾诚1 , 刘诗芸2, 徐颍3, 韩博皓1, 杨慧文3, *
作者信息
  • 1广东药科大学新药研发中心,广东广州 510006
  • 2汕头大学医学院,广东汕头 515063
  • 3广东药科大学药学院,广东广州 510006
通讯作者:
杨慧文(1983−),女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:药理学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

曾诚(1990−),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:药理学,E-mail:

Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Black Corn Polysaccharide on Diabetic Osteoporosis Rats
Cheng ZENG1 , Shiyun LIU2, Ying XU3, Bohao HAN1, Huiwen YANG3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou 515063, China
  • 3School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
出版时间: 2026-03-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020180
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目的:探讨黑玉米多糖(Black corn polysaccharide,BPS)对糖尿病性骨质疏松(Diabetic osteoporosis,DOP)大鼠的治疗作用及其机制。方法:采用高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素构建DOP大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、BPS低剂量组和BPS高剂量组、二甲双胍组,另设对照组。使用血糖仪测定大鼠空腹血糖(Fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、饮食饮水量、体重。采集血清、股骨、胫骨样本;ELISA法测定血清大鼠糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,GHb)、大鼠1,25二羟基维生素D3(1,25-(OH)2D3)、大鼠甲状旁腺激素(Parathyroid hormone,PTH)、大鼠Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端原肽(N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen,PINP)、大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TRACP-5b)、大鼠Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基端肽(Type Ⅰ collagen cross-links the carboxy-terminal peptide,CTX-Ⅰ)、大鼠骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)和大鼠核因子κB受体活化因子配体(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)含量。通过HE染色观察进行皮质骨和松质骨的骨形态计量学测量。三点弯曲实验测股骨生物力学参数。免疫组化法观察胫骨中OPG、RANKL蛋白表达水平。结果:BPS可降低DOP大鼠的GHb(P<0.01)、FBG(P<0.01),下调血清中TRACP-5b(P<0.01)、CTX-I(P<0.01)水平并上调PTH(P<0.05)、1,25-(OH)2D3(P<0.01)、PINP、OPG、OPG/RANKL(P<0.05或P<0.01)水平。此外,BPS可上调大鼠胫骨上段静态参数骨小梁面积百分数(Trabecular area,%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁数量(Number of trabeculae,Tb.N)、皮质骨面积(Cortical bone area,Ct.Ar)和骨髓腔面积百分数(Area of bone marrow cavity,%Ma.Ar)值并减少骨小梁分离度(Trabecular bone dissociation,Tb.Sp)值。同时,BPS可增加大鼠股骨的最大载荷(P<0.01)、最大能量吸收(P<0.01),骨结构的韧性(P<0.01)和股骨的弹性模量(P<0.01)。另外,BPS会增强大鼠骨组织中OPG的表达,并抑制RANKL的表达。结论:BPS可有效降低血糖,改善骨代谢紊乱,提高骨强度,从而发挥抗DOP的作用,其机制可能与OPG/RANK/RANKL信号有关,为DOP的药物研发提供一定的理论依据。

黑玉米多糖  /  2型糖尿病  /  骨质疏松  /  骨代谢

In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of black corn polysaccharide (BPS) on diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) in rats and sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A DOP rat model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The rats were randomly assigned to one of the following five groups: Model, low-dose BPS, high-dose BPS, metformin, and blank control groups. Metabolic parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), food and water intake, and body weight were monitored, and we collected serum, femur, and tibia samples. In addition, using ELISA, we determined the serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), 1,25-(OH)2D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Furthermore, morphometric measurements of cortical and cancellous bones were performed based on observations of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues, whereas femoral biomechanical properties were assessed using a three-point bending test, and the protein expression of OPG and RANKL in tibia was determined immunohistochemically. Results: BPS treatment was found to promote significant reductions in the serum levels of GHb (P<0.01) and FBG (P<0.01), along with reductions in the bone resorption markers TRACP-5b (P<0.01) and CTX-I (P<0.01), and increases in the levels of PTH (P<0.05), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (P<0.01), PINP, OPG and OPG/RANKL ratio (P<0.05 or P<0.01). BPS also contributed to an improvement in tibial bone microstructure by promoting increases in the percentage trabecular area (%Tb.Ar), trabecular number (Tb.N), cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), and bone marrow cavity area percentage (%Ma.Ar), whilst reducing trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Moreover, BPS enhanced femoral biomechanical properties, including maximum load (P<0.01), maximum energy absorption (P<0.01), structural toughness (P<0.01), and elastic modulus (P<0.01). In addition, BPS was found to promote upregulated OPG and downregulated RANKL expression in bone tissue. Conclusion: In DOP rats, the administration of BPS effectively improves glycemic control, ameliorates bone metabolic disorders, and enhances bone strength, plausibly via regulation of the OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for developing BPS as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.

black corn polysaccharide  /  type 2 diabetes  /  osteoporosis  /  bone metabolism
曾诚, 刘诗芸, 徐颍, 韩博皓, 杨慧文. 黑玉米多糖对糖尿病性骨质疏松大鼠的改善作用及机制研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (6) : 369 -378 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020180
Cheng ZENG, Shiyun LIU, Ying XU, Bohao HAN, Huiwen YANG. Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Black Corn Polysaccharide on Diabetic Osteoporosis Rats[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (6) : 369 -378 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020180
糖尿病性骨质疏松症(Diabetic osteoporosis,DOP)是由高血糖引起的一种代谢性骨病,与机体高血糖状态、氧化应激反应、糖脂代谢、骨代谢等多种因素相关,其特征为骨质流失、骨微结构损坏和骨脆性增加[1−2]。这种病症不仅影响患者的生活质量,还增加了经济负担,是一个严重的社会问题。目前,DOP的治疗主要以抗骨质疏松药物为主,包括双膦酸盐和钙补充剂,但不是继发性骨质疏松症的首选治疗方法,且可能有严重副作用[3]。因此,亟待寻找新的有效药物来治疗DOP。
研究表明,植物提取物可通过多靶点机制发挥整体治疗作用,在糖尿病及其并发症防治中展示出独特优势[4]。玉米多糖(Polysaccharide)作为重要的植物活性成分[5],其降血糖作用已被多项研究证实。玉米芯多糖除具有显著的降血糖活性外,还能通过抗氧化、抗炎等途径改善骨代谢异常[6−8],这为糖尿病性骨质疏松的防治提供了新思路。玉米须多糖在调节血糖的同时,还能通过抑制晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)形成、改善氧化应激等机制,减轻高血糖对骨组织的损害,显示出在糖尿病性骨质疏松治疗中的多重药理活性[9−12]。值得注意的是,黑玉米多糖(Black corn polysaccharide,BPS)营养价值更高,含有更丰富的多糖和氨基酸成分,其药理作用也显示出广泛的生物活性,使其在治疗糖尿病性骨质疏松症等方面具有潜在的应用价值[13−15]。目前已知控制血糖,防止氧化损伤是防治骨质疏松的关键手段[16],提示BPS可能对DOP具有保护作用,并呈现出开发价值。最近有相关文献报道,BPS能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平[15]。体外实验也显示,BPS还具有较强的体外抗氧化能力[17]。因此,本研究拟采用高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin,STZ)建立DOP大鼠模型,观察BPS对DOP的作用并初步探讨其机制,为BPS应用于DOP的防治提供理论依据和实验基础。
SD雄性大鼠 30只,6周龄,购于广东省实验动物中心,动物许可证号:SCXK(粤)2018-0002,动物伦理许可证:gdpulacspf2017614。期间饲养于广东药科大学实验中心SPF级实验动物饲养室。环境湿度50%~70%,温度20~23 ℃,每天12 h光照,饲养期间自由进食饮水。基础饲料由广东药科大学动物实验中心提供,高脂饲料购自北京博爱港生物技术有限公司;STZ、苏木素、伊红 美国Sigma公司;盐酸二甲双胍(Metformin,MET) 石家庄普利制药有限公司;二甲苯、无水乙醇 天津市大茂试剂厂;大鼠糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,GHb)、大鼠1,25二羟基维生素D3(1,25-(OH)2D3)、大鼠甲状旁腺激素(Parathyroid hormone,PTH)、大鼠I型前胶原氨基端原肽(N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen,PINP)、大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TRACP-5b)、大鼠I型胶原交联羧基端肽(Type I collagen cross-links the carboxy-terminal peptide,CTX-Ⅰ)、大鼠骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)、大鼠核因子κB受体活化因子配体(Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand,RANKL)ELISA试剂盒  江苏酶免实业有限公司;透明质酸酶 源叶生物科技有限公司。
JM-A2003电子天平 德国赛多利斯公司;安稳+三诺血糖仪 三诺生物传感技术股份有限公司;EG1160石蜡包埋机、RM2500切片机 德国徕卡公司;TEC-2500病理组织漂烘仪 History-line Laboratory;Bioquant-Osteo骨形态学图像分析系统 美国BIOQUANT公司。
BPS主要是由葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖等组成,其水解产物主要由葡萄糖组成,提取方法参考武易星等[18]的方法。首先将黑玉米晒干后用酒精浸泡过夜,50 ℃烘干粉碎过筛,1:20的比例加入去离子水,70 ℃、100 W超声提取1 h,3000 r/min、4 ℃离心10 min收集上清液,超声水提重复两次,将上清液旋蒸至原体积的1/5,加入3倍体积无水乙醇,4 ℃静置过夜离心后进行冷冻干燥。在此工艺条件下进行3次重复验证实验,BPS含量为80.57%。
选取30只5~6周龄雄性SD大鼠随后随机分为两组(动物伦理许可证:gdpulacspf2017614):正常对照组(CON,6只)和造模组(DOP,24只)。正常对照组给予常规饮食,造模组给予高脂饮食。四周后,造模组禁食12 h,再给予STZ建立DOP大鼠模型。于注射后的第7、10 d取尾静脉血,检测空腹血糖,血糖浓度≥16.0 mmol/L则视为造模成功。选择造模成功大鼠,随机分为4组:模型组(DOP,6只)、二甲双胍组(MET,300 mg kg−1 d−1,6只)、BPS低剂量组(BPSL,200 mg kg−1 d−1,6只)、BPS高剂量组(BPSH,400 mg kg−1 d−1,6只)。将MET粉末、BPS粉末用纯净水进行溶解。分组后每天灌胃给药一次,CON组、DOP组给予一定量的蒸馏水灌胃,共给药十周,除CON组外,其余各组大鼠给与高脂饲料喂养。
实验动物每周采集大鼠尾末梢全血,血糖仪检测FBG水平。给药结束后,于处死大鼠前一天晚上开始禁食,不禁水。取材当天腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠(45 mg/kg)麻醉,通过心脏取血获取血标本,冰上静置2 h后,3000 r/min,4 ℃离心20 min,收集上清液待用。使用ELISA试剂盒检测GHb,血清骨代谢标志物(TRACP-5b,PINP和CTX-Ⅰ)水平和钙调节激素(1,25-(OH)2D3和PTH)的水平。
用解剖刀将左右侧胫骨上端矢状面的纵切面和胫骨中段横切面暴露,随后进行石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色,封片。将胫骨上段切片置于显微镜下,拍照并测量骨小梁面积百分数(Trabecular area,%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁宽度(Trabecular width,Tb.Wi)、骨小梁数量(Number of trabeculae,Tb.N)、骨小梁分离度(Trabecular bone dissociation,Tb.Sp)。将胫骨中段切片置于显微镜下,拍照并测量皮质骨面积(Cortical bone area,Ct.Ar)、皮质骨面积百分率(%Ct.Ar)、骨髓腔面积百分数(Area of bone marrow cavity,%Ma.Ar)、皮质骨平均厚度(Cortical bone mean thickness,Ct.Th)。
于测量前一天将大鼠股骨在4 ℃过夜,后于生理盐水中浸泡1 h使骨标本恢复至室温后即可进行实验。使用万能试验机进行股骨三点弯曲试验,设置参数,使股骨完全断裂,测得样本最大载荷(Maximum load)、最大能量吸收(Energy absorption)、弹性桡度(Radiance of elasticity)、弹性模量(Elastic modulus)、最大应力(Maximum stress)等生物力学参数。
将骨组织切片(5 μm)置于60 ℃的干燥箱中3 h脱蜡和水化,然后用PBS溶液洗涤3次后,将组织切片置于60 ℃柠檬酸盐缓冲液(pH6.0)中30 min进行抗原修复,然后用山羊血清(10%)封闭切片30 min,PBS溶液洗涤3次后,将切片与一抗大鼠骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)、大鼠核因子κB受体活化因子配体(Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)在4 ℃下孵育过夜,然后与相应的二抗在室温下放置2 h。DAB染色30 s,苏木精在室温下复染2 min,然后干燥和安装。在光学显微镜下观察染色切片并拍照。
数据以(X±SD)表示,两组间比较采用t-students检验;多组之间采用One way ANOVA检验,P<0.05则差异具有统计学上的显著性,所得数据使用GraphPad prism 8.0进行统计分析。
长期的血糖和血脂控制不良是导致糖尿病患者骨质疏松的主要原因[19];高血糖会对骨形成和骨吸收产生影响。本研究采用高脂饮食联合STZ建立DOP大鼠模型,观察到模型大鼠出现典型的糖尿病症状,其血糖和GHb升高。在血糖方面,如表1所示,给药前,各组DOP大鼠FBG均高于CON组但组间并无显著性差异(P>0.05),并且均高于16.0 mmol/L,说明造模成功。给药10周后,MET、BPSL和BPSH组治疗组FBG较DOP组均显著下降(P<0.01),降糖效果随给药剂量增加而提高。同样,刘爱茹等[20]在健脾益气活血汤治疗2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松的疗效中发现,用健脾益气活血汤治疗后与治疗前相比,FBG水平降低,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。在糖化血红蛋白方面,如图1所示,与CON组相比,DOP大鼠的GHb明显升高(P<0.01);与DOP组相比,MET组和BPSH组大鼠GHb均显著降低(P<0.01),提示BPS可恢复DOP大鼠的血糖调节能力,具有良好的降糖效果。
钙代谢平衡与机体代谢状态密切相关[21]。研究发现,糖尿病可导致钙代谢失衡,从而引发骨质疏松[22]。PTH和1,25-(OH)2D3是调控机体钙代谢平衡的关键激素[23]。其中,PTH通过促进骨钙动员和增强钙的重吸收作用来维持血钙水平稳定;而1,25-(OH)2D3作为活性形式的维生素D能直接提高肠道上皮细胞对钙的吸收[24–25]。实验结果如图2所示,与CON组相比,DOP组大鼠血清PTH、1,25-(OH)2D3水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。与DOP组相比,BPSL和BPSH组大鼠血清PTH和1,25-(OH)2D3水平均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),且BPSH组效果更好,提示BPS可减轻DOP大鼠的钙调节激素紊乱,并且可能通过调节PTH和1,25-(OH)2D3来促进钙的重吸收以维持机体内部的钙平衡。
糖尿病可以导致骨代谢异常,包括骨形成和骨吸收的失衡[26]。而PINP是骨形成过程中的一个标志物,可以间接反映骨转换状况[27]。OPG是一种抑制破骨细胞生成的效应因子,它会干扰基质细胞与破骨细胞之间的相互作用,来诱导破骨细胞凋亡[28]。RANKL是一种细胞因子,在调节骨重塑和免疫系统功能中起着至关重要的作用[29]。OPG/RANKL比值是骨吸收过程状态的一个重要指标,对骨形成和骨质流失至关重要,可能是影响成骨细胞和破骨细胞代谢反应的关键因素[30]。TRACP-5b是一种酸性磷酸酶的同工酶,由破骨细胞分泌,反映破骨细胞的活性[31–32],CTX-Ⅰ是一种胶原降解标志物,它的水平能够反映破骨细胞的骨吸收活性,而这些指标的变化会严重影响骨代谢平衡[33]。实验结果如图3所示,与CON组相比,DOP组大鼠血清PINP、OPG、OPG/RANKL水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),TRACP-5b、CTX-Ⅰ水平显著升高(P<0.01),说明DOP大鼠存在骨代谢异常。与DOP组相比,MET组和BPSL组大鼠血清PINP、OPG、OPG/RANKL水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),TRACP-5b、CTX-Ⅰ水平极显著降低(P<0.01)。在杨明明等[34]对利拉鲁肽联合阿仑膦酸钠治疗2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松症的效果研究中展现出类似的结果,治疗后患者的PINP水平升高(P<0.05),CTX水平降低(P<0.05);另一研究结果也表明治疗后TRACP-5b水平降低(P<0.05),具有统计学差异[35]。因此BPS可以通过增加骨形成,减少骨吸收,抑制DOP大鼠的骨转化率降低。
静态参数是反映骨量变化及骨小梁形态变化的重要指标。骨小梁面积百分数(%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁宽度(Tb.Wi)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)与骨量呈正相关,意味着这些参数的增加通常伴随着骨量的提升;骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)与骨量呈负相关,其增加往往表示骨量减少或骨结构破坏。在武艺等[36]研究miR-129-3p模拟物对尾吊小鼠发生骨流失的影响中,通过股骨扫描分析发现,模型组较空白组骨小梁数量减少,而治疗组骨小梁增多,接近空白组,其他结果与之相似,而骨小梁分离度表现出相反的趋势,在本研究中也有类似结果,如图4和图5所示,与CON组相比,DOP组大鼠的%Tb.Ar、Tb.Wi、Tb.N水平均明显下降,Tb.Sp水平明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),说明DOP大鼠骨小梁结构遭到破坏。与DOP组相比,BPSL、BPSH组大鼠%Tb.Ar、Tb.N水平均上调明显,Tb.Sp水平显著下调(P<0.05,P<0.01);Tb.Wi水平有上升趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05),证明BPS可减缓DOP大鼠的骨小梁结构破坏。HE染色结果进一步显示,与CON组相比,DOP组骨小梁明显稀疏、断裂增多、排列紊乱,呈现典型的骨质疏松样改变。与DOP组相比,BPSH组骨小梁密度明显增加,结构趋于规整,断裂减少,表明BPS能够有效改善DOP大鼠的骨微结构破坏。皮质骨面积(Ct.Ar)、皮质骨面积百分率(%Ct.Ar)、骨髓腔面积百分数(%Ma.Ar)、皮质骨平均厚度(Ct.Th)均可反映胫骨中段皮质骨骨量的多少。实验结果如图6和图7所示,与CON组相比,DOP组大鼠胫骨中段静态参数Ct.Ar水平显著降低(P<0.01)。与DOP组相比,BPSL、BPSH组大鼠胫骨中段静态参数Ct.Ar、%Ma.Ar有升高趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。HE染色结果显示,与CON组相比,DOP组皮质骨明显变薄、连续性差,骨皮质表面不规则。与DOP组相比,BPSH组大鼠皮质骨厚度和连续性较DOP组有所改善,骨皮质结构趋于正常,这一变化在一定程度上提示了黑玉米多糖对DOP大鼠胫骨中段皮质骨骨量丢失的预防作用。
骨质量包括骨的结构、骨量和骨的强度3个方面,而骨生物力学参数的检测是评价骨质量不可缺少的指标[37]。大鼠骨生物力学测试以弯曲试验最适用,故本研究采用三点弯曲试验对DOP大鼠股骨生物力学参数进行测量,包括最大载荷、骨结构韧性、骨结构硬度、最大吸收能量、弹性模量。在现有研究中,如王云飞等[38]对金丝桃苷激活Sirt1/AMPK自噬通路改善糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢和骨结构的机制研究中发现与空白组相比,DOP组最大载荷和弹性模量显著降低(P<0.05);与DOP组相比,治疗组最大载荷和弹性模量显著升高(P<0.05)。同样在本研究中如图8所示,与CON组相比,DOP组大鼠股骨的最大载荷、最大能量吸收、骨结构韧性、骨结构硬度均极显著降低(P<0.01)。与DOP组相比,MET组、BPSL组、BPSH组大鼠股骨的最大载荷、最大能量吸收、骨结构韧性均极显著升高(P<0.01),MET组、BPSH组大鼠股骨的弹性模量极显著升高(P<0.01),说明BPS可延缓大鼠股骨强度下降。
在骨质疏松症中,OPG/RANKL系统发挥着重要作用[39]。该信号系统涉及到由成骨细胞及其前体产生的骨保护素OPG和破骨细胞前体表面的RANKL之间的相互作用。RANKL与破骨细胞前体表面的RANK结合,激活了多种信号通路,从而促进了破骨细胞分化和功能增强。然而,OPG通过竞争性地结合到RANK上,抑制了破骨细胞分化和功能[40]。OPG-RANKL-RANK信号系统在生理状态下对于维持骨代谢平衡至关重要。在刘馨鸿等[41]对基于JNK-OPG/RANKL信号轴探讨萸蓉壮骨膏对绝经后骨质疏松大鼠的骨保护机制研究中发现模型组较空白组OPG蛋白表达水平降低,而治疗组较模型组RANKL蛋白表达水平显著升高,这与本研究的趋势一致。如表2所示,与CON组相比,DOP组OPG的相对表达量降低(P<0.01),而RANKL相对表达量升高(P<0.01),OPG/RANKL比值下降(P<0.01)。BPS干预后,OPG表达显著上调(P<0.01),RANKL表达下调(BPSH组P<0.01),OPG/RANKL比值显著恢复(P<0.01)。免疫组化染色结果进一步显示(图9,图10),DOP组OPG表达减弱而RANKL阳性细胞数增多;BPS各给药组则呈现OPG表达增强、RANKL阳性细胞数减少的趋势。此外,对染色图像进行的半定量分析(图11)进一步量化证实,BPS能剂量依赖性地上调OPG表达、抑制RANKL表达(P<0.01)。以上结果提示BPS可逆转DOP导致的OPG/RANKL比值下降,抑制骨吸收并促进骨形成,从而改善DOP大鼠的骨代谢紊乱。
本研究通过高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)成功构建糖尿病性骨质疏松(DOP)大鼠模型,系统评价了黑玉米多糖(BPS)的干预效果。关键结果表明,BPS能显著降低DOP大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG)和糖化血红蛋白(GHb)水平(P<0.01),同时通过调节钙代谢激素(PTH、1,25-(OH)2D3)和骨代谢标志物(PINP、TRACP-5b、CTX-Ⅰ、OPG/RANKL),改善骨形成与骨吸收的失衡状态。此外,BPS干预显著提升了胫骨骨小梁面积百分数(%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)及皮质骨面积(Ct.Ar),并降低骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp),表明其能有效修复骨微结构损伤。生物力学分析进一步证实,BPS可增强股骨的最大载荷、弹性模量和能量吸收能力(P<0.01),提示其能显著提升骨骼力学性能。免疫组化结果显示,BPS通过上调OPG表达、抑制RANKL表达,调控OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路,从而抑制破骨细胞活性并促进骨形成。这些发现揭示了BPS通过多靶点协同作用(降糖、抗氧化、抗炎及直接调控骨代谢)发挥治疗效果的潜力,尤其是其通过OPG/RANKL系统恢复骨稳态的作用,为开发兼具降糖和骨保护功能的天然药物提供了新思路,为BPS在防治DOP中的作用和机制研究提供了一定的参考价值。然而,BPS的具体活性成分、分子靶点及长期用药安全性仍需进一步研究,此外当前研究还存在一些限制,需要进一步利用基因干扰技术和体外细胞实验来确认BPS防治DOP的潜在作用机制。

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2026年第47卷第6期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020180
  • 接收时间:2025-02-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-03-15
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    1广东药科大学新药研发中心,广东广州 510006
    2汕头大学医学院,广东汕头 515063
    3广东药科大学药学院,广东广州 510006

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杨慧文(1983−),女,硕士,高级实验师,研究方向:药理学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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