Article(id=1320882582238113838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320882022160126288, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020116, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792852548416, onlineDateStr=2026-10-24, pubDate=1767196800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792852548416, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792852548416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792852548416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320882022160126288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767196800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852414884, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852414884, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=400, endPage=409, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320882582481383471, articleId=1320882582238113838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Effect of Polysaccharide Compound on Quality Characteristics of Salt-reduced Fish Balls during Storage, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, fish balls with a 30% salt reduction were prepared by using octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches (OSAS) and κ-carrageenan (KCG) with different compounding ratios (6:0, 4:2, 2:4 and 0:6). Using the high-salt fish ball group (HC) and the 30% salt-reduced fish ball group (LC) as controls, the quality characteristics of reduced salt fish balls stored at −18 ℃ for 180 days were determined. The results showed that the physical and sensory properties of fish balls in LC group showed an overall downward trend compared to those in the HC group. The whiteness of the reduced-salt fish balls was improved and their water-holding capacity and texture properties were significantly enhanced with the addition of OSAS/KCG (P<0.05). With the increase of storage time, the total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid value of fish balls were increased significantly (P<0.05). At the end of storage time (at 150~180 d), the total volatile basic nitrogen of fish balls in the LC group were exceeded the national standard requirement value of 30 mg/100 g, while the addition of OSAS/KCG was effectively reduced the total volatile basic nitrogen of salt-reduced fish balls, which was lower than 30 mg/100 g, and it extended their shelf life more. In addition, with the extension of storage time, the saltiness and umami of fish balls were significantly weakened (P<0.05), and their sourness was significantly increased (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in flavor between the fish balls of the 2:4 (w/w) of OSAS/KCG (L-2-4) and the HC group. The fish balls in the L-2-4 group had a moderate saltiness and umami, and displayed the highest overall acceptability score. These research result demonstrated that a 2:4 complex of OSAS/KCG could improve the quality characteristics of salt-reduced fish balls during storage.

, authors=Yingru XU1, 2, Aoya OU1, Shiyi JIANG1, Dulian CHEN1, Yi ZHANG1, 2, Hongliang ZENG1, 2, *, authorsList=Yingru XU, Aoya OU, Shiyi JIANG, Dulian CHEN, Yi ZHANG, Hongliang ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongliang ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320882583831949370, articleId=1320882582238113838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=多糖复配对减盐鱼丸贮藏期间品质特性的影响, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究采用不同复配比例(6:0、4:2、2:4和0:6)的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(Octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches,OSAS)与卡拉胶(κ-Carrageenan,KCG),制备减盐30%的鱼丸,并以高盐鱼丸组(HC)与减盐30%鱼丸组(LC)作为对照,于−18 ℃条件下进行180 d的贮藏实验。结果表明,相较于HC组,LC组的理化性质与感官特性整体呈下降趋势。OSAS/KCG的添加提高了减盐鱼丸的白度,且持水力和质构特性显著增加(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间的增加,鱼丸的挥发性盐基氮和硫代巴比妥酸值显著提高(P<0.05)。在贮藏末期(第150~180 d),LC组的挥发性盐基氮超过了国标要求的30 mg/100 g,OSAS/KCG的添加有利于减少减盐鱼丸在0~180 d挥发性盐基氮含量,且低于国标限定值,延长其保质期。此外,随着贮藏时间的延长,鱼丸咸味和鲜味显著减弱(P<0.05),酸味显著增强(P<0.05)。OSAS/KCG复配比例为2:4组(L-2-4)的鱼丸与HC组的风味无显著差异(P>0.05)。L-2-4组鱼丸咸鲜味适中且总体可接受性得分最高。研究结果表明添加2:4复配的OSAS/KCG可提高减盐鱼丸贮藏期间的品质特性。

, authors=许英茹1, 2, 欧奥雅1, 蒋诗怡1, 陈杜连1, 张怡1, 2, 曾红亮1, 2, *, authorsList=许英茹, 欧奥雅, 蒋诗怡, 陈杜连, 张怡, 曾红亮, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曾红亮, authorNote=

许英茹(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
曾红亮(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pM1QVQOtkWUQC8ylwh47MQ==, magXml=uaLfpxvAyheKD0hirdk8Zw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=n1C3UK+BEqkyoa9jzIi7RQ==, pdfFileSize=3148608, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=mKSvxGFJLPU1KxBrP9vuDw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9d4Xk1SMfw4EHF01cDqe5g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320882585853603906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18059086365@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320882585954267205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, authorId=1320882585853603906, language=EN, stringName=Yingru XU, firstName=Yingru, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2025, 65(3): 457−474., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320882585639694395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882585648083004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, companyId=1320882585639694395, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882585656471613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, companyId=1320882585639694395, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320882585752940606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882585761329215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, companyId=1320882585752940606, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320882585769717824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, companyId=1320882585752940606, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州 350002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320882590085656684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effect of different compounding ratio on water retention of fish balls during storage, figureFileSmall=PypJfSofsYljabUVXe9pQQ==, figureFileBig=mKSvxGFJLPU1KxBrP9vuDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590224068717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同复配比例对贮藏期间鱼丸持水性的影响

注:(A)解冻损失,(B)蒸煮损失。对于同一指标,不同大写字母表示同组鱼丸样品下不同贮藏期之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一贮藏期内不同组别样品之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);图4同。

, figureFileSmall=PypJfSofsYljabUVXe9pQQ==, figureFileBig=mKSvxGFJLPU1KxBrP9vuDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590437978222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of different compounding ratio on MRI imaging of fish balls during storage, figureFileSmall=mv9P2E7HxcvTlFqoZ/W7yA==, figureFileBig=sk1ReL4NbOx44i9DrT19aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590538641519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同复配比例对贮藏期间鱼丸MRI成像的影响, figureFileSmall=mv9P2E7HxcvTlFqoZ/W7yA==, figureFileBig=sk1ReL4NbOx44i9DrT19aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590614138992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different compounding ratios on freshness of fish balls during storage, figureFileSmall=luKoEzZWO9DtpLnc+JTx4g==, figureFileBig=H7wAjNNUmq/NRBR/VVQzHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590706413681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同复配比例对鱼丸贮藏期间新鲜度的影响, figureFileSmall=luKoEzZWO9DtpLnc+JTx4g==, figureFileBig=H7wAjNNUmq/NRBR/VVQzHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590815465586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of different compounding ratios on the taste of fish balls during storage, figureFileSmall=AkRH6rq5yeHjiY6bhVQXag==, figureFileBig=1Rem52Ycu31HVEl/JKpd9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590890963059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同复配比例对鱼丸贮藏期间滋味的影响

注:(A)咸味值;(B)鲜味值;(C)丰富度;(D)苦味值;(E)酸味值;(F)主成分分析。

, figureFileSmall=AkRH6rq5yeHjiY6bhVQXag==, figureFileBig=1Rem52Ycu31HVEl/JKpd9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882590995820660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different compounding ratios on the flavor of fish balls during storage, figureFileSmall=p/w/0P5zvG33NsAC2U5XNA==, figureFileBig=+4PmRYDTlSUo8yyBXSXXAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882591192952949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同复配比例对鱼丸贮藏期间风味的影响, figureFileSmall=p/w/0P5zvG33NsAC2U5XNA==, figureFileBig=+4PmRYDTlSUo8yyBXSXXAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320882591293616246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for fish balls

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标7分4分1分
咸味咸味过重咸味适中较淡无咸味
风味鱼香明显、具有鲜味、无腥味鱼香正常、鲜味不足、无腥味味道不好,有腥味
口感口感过硬硬度弹性正常口感绵软
总体可接受性可接受性最好可接受性适中可接受性差
), ArticleFig(id=1320882591394279543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鱼丸感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标7分4分1分
咸味咸味过重咸味适中较淡无咸味
风味鱼香明显、具有鲜味、无腥味鱼香正常、鲜味不足、无腥味味道不好,有腥味
口感口感过硬硬度弹性正常口感绵软
总体可接受性可接受性最好可接受性适中可接受性差
), ArticleFig(id=1320882591503331448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effect of different compounding ratio on color difference of fish balls during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别0 d30 d60 d90 d120 d150 d180 d
L*HC86.42±0.62Aa86.17±0.80Aa85.37±0.09Bab85.08±0.17Bab84.68±0.18BCa84.29±0.10CDab83.84±0.18Dab
LC82.38±1.80Ab81.27±1.22ABc80.14±0.60BCd79.44±0.32CDe78.60±0.30CDEd78.24±0.23DEd77.53±0.28Ed
L-6-087.21±1.19Aa85.99±0.56Bab85.58±0.35Bab84.43±0.39Cc83.93±0.41Cb83.66±0.58Cbc83.22±0.65Cbc
L-4-287.11±0.32Aa86.33±0.20Ba85.89±0.06Ca85.25±0.20Da85.02±0.18Da84.62±0.30Ea84.21±0.24Fa
L-2-485.44±0.13Aa84.80±0.46Bb84.40±0.40Bc83.82±0.23Cd83.31±0.24Dc83.02±0.18Dc82.83±0.16Dc
L-0-685.81±0.95Aa85.19±0.11Bab85.01±0.05Bb84.61±0.38Cbc84.18±0.23Db83.46±0.49Ec82.82±0.33Fc
a*HC−9.13±1.87Gd−8.65±1.09Fd−8.11±0.89Ed−7.68±0.77Dd−6.96±0.72Cd−6.41±0.64Bd−5.86±0.82Ad
LC7.66±2.78Aa8.17±2.87Aa8.70±3.35Aa9.09±4.09Aa9.58±4.04Aa10.16±4.33Aa10.66±3.73Aa
L-6-0−4.82±2.79Ac−4.10±2.23Ac−3.45±2.60Ac−2.82±2.53Ac−2.86±2.04Ac−2.37±2.02Ac−2.21±1.91Ac
L-4-2−1.90±3.39Ac−1.39±3.42Ac−1.03±3.35Ac−0.57±3.02Ac−0.13±2.56Ac0.09±2.39Ac0.38±2.32Ac
L-2-43.20±0.62Eb3.41±0.61DEb3.93±0.43CDb4.33±0.46BCb4.73±0.55BCb5.14±0.72ABb5.56±0.71Ab
L-0-62.81±0.73Cb3.15±0.76BCb3.35±0.71BCb3.67±0.65ABCb4.08±0.87ABCb4.60±0.77ABb4.90±0.86Ab
b*HC8.69±1.32Ab9.24±1.19Ab9.38±1.18Ab9.83±1.29Ab10.31±1.26Ab10.61±1.28Ac10.82±1.30Ac
LC12.65±0.35Fa13.00±0.25EFa13.43±0.35DEa13.96±0.30CDa14.46±0.49BCa14.80±0.54ABa15.28±0.55Ab
L-6-010.98±1.53Bab11.47±1.51ABab11.95±1.39ABab12.5±1.01ABab12.95±1.08ABab13.43±0.90Aab13.78±0.78Aab
L-4-210.09±2.13Aab10.48±1.90Aab11.04±1.86Aab11.32±1.74Aab11.86±1.66Aab12.13±1.60Abc12.46±1.49Abc
L-2-48.99±1.39Ab9.32±1.42Ab9.48±1.31Ab10.18±1.22Ab10.43±1.28Ab10.81±1.50Abc11.33±1.45Abc
L-0-68.84±2.06Ab9.43±1.82Ab9.73±1.95Ab10.20±2.06Ab10.67±2.09Ab10.96±1.97Abc11.40±1.85Abc
白度HC81.37±0.28Aa81.19±0.31Aa80.79±0.52ABa80.52±0.65BCa80.23±0.51BCa79.96±0.45CDa79.65±0.59Da
LC76.93±2.51Ab75.70±1.97ABb74.36±1.33BCb73.36±1.61CDb72.28±1.46DEb71.60±1.66DEb70.67±1.39Eb
L-6-082.28±1.21Aa81.32±0.92ABa80.83±1.32ABa79.72±0.82BCa79.09±0.71Ca78.63±0.53Ca78.11±0.45Ca
L-4-283.22±1.19Aa82.44±1.03ABa81.81±1.13BCa81.20±0.94CDa80.74±0.81CDa80.27±0.67DEa79.77±0.65Ea
L-2-482.57±0.94Aa81.83±1.19ABa81.30±0.78ABa80.38±0.67BCa79.73±0.59CDa79.20±0.81CDa78.66±0.81Da
L-0-683.00±1.76Aa82.12±1.14ABa81.77±1.16BCa81.12±1.22BCa80.43±1.33CDa79.57±0.87DEa78.76±0.92Ea
), ArticleFig(id=1320882591624966265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同复配比例对贮藏期间鱼丸色差的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别0 d30 d60 d90 d120 d150 d180 d
L*HC86.42±0.62Aa86.17±0.80Aa85.37±0.09Bab85.08±0.17Bab84.68±0.18BCa84.29±0.10CDab83.84±0.18Dab
LC82.38±1.80Ab81.27±1.22ABc80.14±0.60BCd79.44±0.32CDe78.60±0.30CDEd78.24±0.23DEd77.53±0.28Ed
L-6-087.21±1.19Aa85.99±0.56Bab85.58±0.35Bab84.43±0.39Cc83.93±0.41Cb83.66±0.58Cbc83.22±0.65Cbc
L-4-287.11±0.32Aa86.33±0.20Ba85.89±0.06Ca85.25±0.20Da85.02±0.18Da84.62±0.30Ea84.21±0.24Fa
L-2-485.44±0.13Aa84.80±0.46Bb84.40±0.40Bc83.82±0.23Cd83.31±0.24Dc83.02±0.18Dc82.83±0.16Dc
L-0-685.81±0.95Aa85.19±0.11Bab85.01±0.05Bb84.61±0.38Cbc84.18±0.23Db83.46±0.49Ec82.82±0.33Fc
a*HC−9.13±1.87Gd−8.65±1.09Fd−8.11±0.89Ed−7.68±0.77Dd−6.96±0.72Cd−6.41±0.64Bd−5.86±0.82Ad
LC7.66±2.78Aa8.17±2.87Aa8.70±3.35Aa9.09±4.09Aa9.58±4.04Aa10.16±4.33Aa10.66±3.73Aa
L-6-0−4.82±2.79Ac−4.10±2.23Ac−3.45±2.60Ac−2.82±2.53Ac−2.86±2.04Ac−2.37±2.02Ac−2.21±1.91Ac
L-4-2−1.90±3.39Ac−1.39±3.42Ac−1.03±3.35Ac−0.57±3.02Ac−0.13±2.56Ac0.09±2.39Ac0.38±2.32Ac
L-2-43.20±0.62Eb3.41±0.61DEb3.93±0.43CDb4.33±0.46BCb4.73±0.55BCb5.14±0.72ABb5.56±0.71Ab
L-0-62.81±0.73Cb3.15±0.76BCb3.35±0.71BCb3.67±0.65ABCb4.08±0.87ABCb4.60±0.77ABb4.90±0.86Ab
b*HC8.69±1.32Ab9.24±1.19Ab9.38±1.18Ab9.83±1.29Ab10.31±1.26Ab10.61±1.28Ac10.82±1.30Ac
LC12.65±0.35Fa13.00±0.25EFa13.43±0.35DEa13.96±0.30CDa14.46±0.49BCa14.80±0.54ABa15.28±0.55Ab
L-6-010.98±1.53Bab11.47±1.51ABab11.95±1.39ABab12.5±1.01ABab12.95±1.08ABab13.43±0.90Aab13.78±0.78Aab
L-4-210.09±2.13Aab10.48±1.90Aab11.04±1.86Aab11.32±1.74Aab11.86±1.66Aab12.13±1.60Abc12.46±1.49Abc
L-2-48.99±1.39Ab9.32±1.42Ab9.48±1.31Ab10.18±1.22Ab10.43±1.28Ab10.81±1.50Abc11.33±1.45Abc
L-0-68.84±2.06Ab9.43±1.82Ab9.73±1.95Ab10.20±2.06Ab10.67±2.09Ab10.96±1.97Abc11.40±1.85Abc
白度HC81.37±0.28Aa81.19±0.31Aa80.79±0.52ABa80.52±0.65BCa80.23±0.51BCa79.96±0.45CDa79.65±0.59Da
LC76.93±2.51Ab75.70±1.97ABb74.36±1.33BCb73.36±1.61CDb72.28±1.46DEb71.60±1.66DEb70.67±1.39Eb
L-6-082.28±1.21Aa81.32±0.92ABa80.83±1.32ABa79.72±0.82BCa79.09±0.71Ca78.63±0.53Ca78.11±0.45Ca
L-4-283.22±1.19Aa82.44±1.03ABa81.81±1.13BCa81.20±0.94CDa80.74±0.81CDa80.27±0.67DEa79.77±0.65Ea
L-2-482.57±0.94Aa81.83±1.19ABa81.30±0.78ABa80.38±0.67BCa79.73±0.59CDa79.20±0.81CDa78.66±0.81Da
L-0-683.00±1.76Aa82.12±1.14ABa81.77±1.16BCa81.12±1.22BCa80.43±1.33CDa79.57±0.87DEa78.76±0.92Ea
), ArticleFig(id=1320882591708852346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of different compounding ratios on the texture characteristics of fish balls during storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别0 d30 d60 d90 d120 d150 d180 d
硬度(N)HC18.19±0.14Aa17.49±0.34Ba17.30±0.21Ba16.92±0.10Ca16.28±0.15Da15.82±0.08Ea15.28±0.14Fa
LC9.42±0.11Af9.00±0.15Bf8.77±0.13Cf8.24±0.16Df8.01±0.17Ef7.41±0.11Fe6.77±0.05Ge
L-6-012.64±0.08Ae12.30±0.20Be11.76±0.08Ce11.27±0.06De10.92±0.10Ee10.65±0.08Fd10.45±0.18Fd
L-4-214.48±0.28Ac13.73±0.11Bc13.14±0.10Cc12.92±0.08CDc12.56±0.18Dc12.14±0.14Ec11.57±0.39Fc
L-2-415.75±0.21Ad14.83±0.10Bb14.41±0.16Cb14.13±0.11Db13.82±0.14Eb13.27±0.02Fb12.81±0.12Gb
L-0-613.55±0.26Ab13.07±0.05Bd12.85±0.07BCd12.53±0.15CDd12.25±0.14Dd12.25±0.59Dc11.60±0.11Ec
弹性(mm)HC5.25±0.10Aa5.01±0.09Bab4.75±0.06Ca4.63±0.06Ca4.27±0.06Dab3.86±0.13Ea3.53±0.10Fb
LC3.42±0.12Ac3.16±0.05Bd2.91±0.11Ce2.54±0.12De2.23±0.08Ee2.00±0.11Fd1.76±0.06Ge
L-6-04.74±0.08Ab4.43±0.08Bc4.19±0.01Cd3.94±0.07Dd3.60±0.19Ed3.14±0.14Fc2.79±0.09Gd
L-4-24.82±0.09Ab4.53±0.07Bc4.34±0.06Cc4.1±0.09Dc3.84±0.10Ec3.59±0.05Fb3.36±0.07Gc
L-2-45.28±0.07Aa5.06±0.05Ba4.83±0.12Ca4.54±0.07Da4.31±0.05Ea4.00±0.11Fa3.75±0.06Ga
L-0-65.13±0.04Aa4.90±0.12Bb4.60±0.08Cb4.35±0.08Db4.10±0.05Eb3.85±0.04Fa3.65±0.04Gab
咀嚼性(mJ)HC43.37±0.57Ab41.76±0.88Bb39.91±0.38Cb37.78±0.59Db36.55±0.44Eb35.53±0.34Fb33.73±0.16Gb
LC26.15±0.58Af25.60±0.69Af23.80±0.35Be23.03±0.21Bf21.76±0.54Ce19.79±0.60Df18.72±0.51Ee
L-6-035.18±0.33Ae33.68±0.44Be32.34±0.76Cd30.52±0.43De29.20±0.35Ed28.58±0.28Ee27.75±0.26Fd
L-4-241.42±0.61Ac39.48±0.93Bc37.27±0.47Cc36.21±0.21Dc35.71±0.22Db33.84±0.78Ec32.54±1.01Fc
L-2-444.75±0.59Aa43.35±0.45Ba42.22±0.44Ca40.67±0.37Da39.52±0.65Ea38.39±0.16Fa37.66±0.30Fa
L-0-637.97±0.35Ad37.27±0.86ABd36.54±0.46Bc35.42±0.17Cd34.15±0.71Dc32.80±0.43Ed32.06±0.36Ec
), ArticleFig(id=1320882591809515643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同复配比例对贮藏期间鱼丸质构特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别0 d30 d60 d90 d120 d150 d180 d
硬度(N)HC18.19±0.14Aa17.49±0.34Ba17.30±0.21Ba16.92±0.10Ca16.28±0.15Da15.82±0.08Ea15.28±0.14Fa
LC9.42±0.11Af9.00±0.15Bf8.77±0.13Cf8.24±0.16Df8.01±0.17Ef7.41±0.11Fe6.77±0.05Ge
L-6-012.64±0.08Ae12.30±0.20Be11.76±0.08Ce11.27±0.06De10.92±0.10Ee10.65±0.08Fd10.45±0.18Fd
L-4-214.48±0.28Ac13.73±0.11Bc13.14±0.10Cc12.92±0.08CDc12.56±0.18Dc12.14±0.14Ec11.57±0.39Fc
L-2-415.75±0.21Ad14.83±0.10Bb14.41±0.16Cb14.13±0.11Db13.82±0.14Eb13.27±0.02Fb12.81±0.12Gb
L-0-613.55±0.26Ab13.07±0.05Bd12.85±0.07BCd12.53±0.15CDd12.25±0.14Dd12.25±0.59Dc11.60±0.11Ec
弹性(mm)HC5.25±0.10Aa5.01±0.09Bab4.75±0.06Ca4.63±0.06Ca4.27±0.06Dab3.86±0.13Ea3.53±0.10Fb
LC3.42±0.12Ac3.16±0.05Bd2.91±0.11Ce2.54±0.12De2.23±0.08Ee2.00±0.11Fd1.76±0.06Ge
L-6-04.74±0.08Ab4.43±0.08Bc4.19±0.01Cd3.94±0.07Dd3.60±0.19Ed3.14±0.14Fc2.79±0.09Gd
L-4-24.82±0.09Ab4.53±0.07Bc4.34±0.06Cc4.1±0.09Dc3.84±0.10Ec3.59±0.05Fb3.36±0.07Gc
L-2-45.28±0.07Aa5.06±0.05Ba4.83±0.12Ca4.54±0.07Da4.31±0.05Ea4.00±0.11Fa3.75±0.06Ga
L-0-65.13±0.04Aa4.90±0.12Bb4.60±0.08Cb4.35±0.08Db4.10±0.05Eb3.85±0.04Fa3.65±0.04Gab
咀嚼性(mJ)HC43.37±0.57Ab41.76±0.88Bb39.91±0.38Cb37.78±0.59Db36.55±0.44Eb35.53±0.34Fb33.73±0.16Gb
LC26.15±0.58Af25.60±0.69Af23.80±0.35Be23.03±0.21Bf21.76±0.54Ce19.79±0.60Df18.72±0.51Ee
L-6-035.18±0.33Ae33.68±0.44Be32.34±0.76Cd30.52±0.43De29.20±0.35Ed28.58±0.28Ee27.75±0.26Fd
L-4-241.42±0.61Ac39.48±0.93Bc37.27±0.47Cc36.21±0.21Dc35.71±0.22Db33.84±0.78Ec32.54±1.01Fc
L-2-444.75±0.59Aa43.35±0.45Ba42.22±0.44Ca40.67±0.37Da39.52±0.65Ea38.39±0.16Fa37.66±0.30Fa
L-0-637.97±0.35Ad37.27±0.86ABd36.54±0.46Bc35.42±0.17Cd34.15±0.71Dc32.80±0.43Ed32.06±0.36Ec
), ArticleFig(id=1320882591981482108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effects of different compounding ratios on sensory evaluation of fish balls during storage

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指标组别0 d30 d60 d90 d120 d150 d180 d
口感HC6.27±0.21Aa6.00±0.18Ba5.72±0.19Ca5.49±0.25CDa5.31±0.31DEa5.08±0.34Ea4.84±0.33Fa
LC5.19±0.13Ae5.00±0.19Be4.71±0.25Cd4.38±0.16Dd4.15±0.18Ee3.95±0.18Fd3.76±0.17Gd
L-6-05.54±0.20Ad5.32±0.21Bd5.06±0.18Cc4.85±0.20Dc4.60±0.16Ed4.43±0.16Fc4.24±0.13Gc
口感L-4-25.73±0.15Ac5.49±0.12Bc5.28±0.15Cb5.04±0.14Db4.84±0.17Ec4.64±0.20Fb4.54±0.16Fb
L-2-46.03±0.12Ab5.79±0.14Bb5.60±0.18Ca5.42±0.15Da5.22±0.14Eab5.07±0.13Fa4.95±0.11Fa
L-0-65.73±0.16Ac5.54±0.16Bc5.37±0.18BCb5.20±0.21CDb5.06±0.22DEb4.93±0.22EFa4.78±0.18Fa
咸味HC6.42±0.13Aa6.26±0.16Ba6.35±0.07ABa6.30±0.18ABa6.31±0.10ABa6.39±0.07Aa6.40±0.11Aa
LC3.58±0.19Ae3.57±0.21Ae3.69±0.23Ae3.57±0.27Ae3.48±0.15Af3.64±0.27Ae3.58±0.28Ae
L-6-04.07±0.22ABd4.03±0.23ABd4.17±0.19Ad4.12±0.19ABd3.99±0.19ABe4.03±0.22ABd3.95±0.15Bd
L-4-25.02±0.19Ac4.93±0.19Ac5.04±0.21Ac5.10±0.16Ac5.00±0.19Ad5.03±0.16Ac5.00±0.19Ac
L-2-45.60±0.24Ab5.71±0.16Ab5.61±0.21Ab5.77±0.18Ab5.69±0.26Ab5.73±0.20Ab5.65±0.21Ab
L-0-65.63±0.19Ab5.62±0.20Ab5.52±0.14Ab5.63±0.16Ab5.52±0.14Ac5.64±0.24Ab5.60±0.12Ab
风味HC6.76±0.13Aa6.62±0.10Ba6.46±0.08Ca6.34±0.10Da6.24±0.10Ea6.15±0.11Ea6.02±0.09Fa
LC5.26±0.14Ae5.13±0.14Ae4.97±0.13Be4.83±0.17BCe4.71±0.19CDe4.59±0.18DEf4.47±0.21Ef
L-6-05.69±0.09Ad5.51±0.09Ad5.40±0.12Bd5.29±0.14BCd5.19±0.14CDd5.07±0.15DEe4.96±0.13Ee
L-4-26.05±0.11Ac5.89±0.13Bc5.78±0.11Cc5.65±0.08Dc5.54±0.05Ec5.42±0.09Ed5.33±0.08Fd
L-2-46.40±0.08Ab6.29±0.09Bb6.16±0.10Cb6.00±0.09Db5.89±0.11Eb5.77±0.14Eb5.67±0.13Fb
L-0-66.10±0.09Ac5.96±0.11Bc5.84±0.14Cc5.72±0.13Dc5.65±0.14DEc5.58±0.13EFc5.50±0.12Fc
总体可接受性HC6.60±0.12Aa6.47±0.12Ba6.34±0.13Ca6.24±0.13CDa6.16±0.14DEa6.05±0.16EFa5.97±0.18Fa
LC5.09±0.14Ae4.96±0.13ABe4.84±0.17BCe4.75±0.21CDe4.62±0.18DEf4.52±0.20EFf4.44±0.22Ff
L-6-05.44±0.07Ad5.30±0.09Bd5.19±0.13Cd5.09±0.12Dd4.99±0.12Ee4.88±0.11Fe4.79±0.12Fe
L-4-25.83±0.11Ac5.66±0.07Bc5.54±0.07Cc5.41±0.07Dc5.29±0.06Ed5.15±0.08Fd5.04±0.08Gd
L-2-46.30±0.16Ab6.12±0.13Bb6.01±0.12BCb5.89±0.12CDb5.77±0.15DEb5.70±0.14EFb5.64±0.14Fb
L-0-65.85±0.14Ac5.69±0.15Bc5.58±0.15BCc5.53±0.13CDc5.47±0.13CDEc5.41±0.15DEc5.34±0.14Ec
), ArticleFig(id=1320882592082145405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1320882582238113838, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同复配比例对贮藏期间鱼丸感官评价的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标组别0 d30 d60 d90 d120 d150 d180 d
口感HC6.27±0.21Aa6.00±0.18Ba5.72±0.19Ca5.49±0.25CDa5.31±0.31DEa5.08±0.34Ea4.84±0.33Fa
LC5.19±0.13Ae5.00±0.19Be4.71±0.25Cd4.38±0.16Dd4.15±0.18Ee3.95±0.18Fd3.76±0.17Gd
L-6-05.54±0.20Ad5.32±0.21Bd5.06±0.18Cc4.85±0.20Dc4.60±0.16Ed4.43±0.16Fc4.24±0.13Gc
口感L-4-25.73±0.15Ac5.49±0.12Bc5.28±0.15Cb5.04±0.14Db4.84±0.17Ec4.64±0.20Fb4.54±0.16Fb
L-2-46.03±0.12Ab5.79±0.14Bb5.60±0.18Ca5.42±0.15Da5.22±0.14Eab5.07±0.13Fa4.95±0.11Fa
L-0-65.73±0.16Ac5.54±0.16Bc5.37±0.18BCb5.20±0.21CDb5.06±0.22DEb4.93±0.22EFa4.78±0.18Fa
咸味HC6.42±0.13Aa6.26±0.16Ba6.35±0.07ABa6.30±0.18ABa6.31±0.10ABa6.39±0.07Aa6.40±0.11Aa
LC3.58±0.19Ae3.57±0.21Ae3.69±0.23Ae3.57±0.27Ae3.48±0.15Af3.64±0.27Ae3.58±0.28Ae
L-6-04.07±0.22ABd4.03±0.23ABd4.17±0.19Ad4.12±0.19ABd3.99±0.19ABe4.03±0.22ABd3.95±0.15Bd
L-4-25.02±0.19Ac4.93±0.19Ac5.04±0.21Ac5.10±0.16Ac5.00±0.19Ad5.03±0.16Ac5.00±0.19Ac
L-2-45.60±0.24Ab5.71±0.16Ab5.61±0.21Ab5.77±0.18Ab5.69±0.26Ab5.73±0.20Ab5.65±0.21Ab
L-0-65.63±0.19Ab5.62±0.20Ab5.52±0.14Ab5.63±0.16Ab5.52±0.14Ac5.64±0.24Ab5.60±0.12Ab
风味HC6.76±0.13Aa6.62±0.10Ba6.46±0.08Ca6.34±0.10Da6.24±0.10Ea6.15±0.11Ea6.02±0.09Fa
LC5.26±0.14Ae5.13±0.14Ae4.97±0.13Be4.83±0.17BCe4.71±0.19CDe4.59±0.18DEf4.47±0.21Ef
L-6-05.69±0.09Ad5.51±0.09Ad5.40±0.12Bd5.29±0.14BCd5.19±0.14CDd5.07±0.15DEe4.96±0.13Ee
L-4-26.05±0.11Ac5.89±0.13Bc5.78±0.11Cc5.65±0.08Dc5.54±0.05Ec5.42±0.09Ed5.33±0.08Fd
L-2-46.40±0.08Ab6.29±0.09Bb6.16±0.10Cb6.00±0.09Db5.89±0.11Eb5.77±0.14Eb5.67±0.13Fb
L-0-66.10±0.09Ac5.96±0.11Bc5.84±0.14Cc5.72±0.13Dc5.65±0.14DEc5.58±0.13EFc5.50±0.12Fc
总体可接受性HC6.60±0.12Aa6.47±0.12Ba6.34±0.13Ca6.24±0.13CDa6.16±0.14DEa6.05±0.16EFa5.97±0.18Fa
LC5.09±0.14Ae4.96±0.13ABe4.84±0.17BCe4.75±0.21CDe4.62±0.18DEf4.52±0.20EFf4.44±0.22Ff
L-6-05.44±0.07Ad5.30±0.09Bd5.19±0.13Cd5.09±0.12Dd4.99±0.12Ee4.88±0.11Fe4.79±0.12Fe
L-4-25.83±0.11Ac5.66±0.07Bc5.54±0.07Cc5.41±0.07Dc5.29±0.06Ed5.15±0.08Fd5.04±0.08Gd
L-2-46.30±0.16Ab6.12±0.13Bb6.01±0.12BCb5.89±0.12CDb5.77±0.15DEb5.70±0.14EFb5.64±0.14Fb
L-0-65.85±0.14Ac5.69±0.15Bc5.58±0.15BCc5.53±0.13CDc5.47±0.13CDEc5.41±0.15DEc5.34±0.14Ec
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多糖复配对减盐鱼丸贮藏期间品质特性的影响
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许英茹 1, 2 , 欧奥雅 1 , 蒋诗怡 1 , 陈杜连 1 , 张怡 1, 2 , 曾红亮 1, 2, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(1): 400-409
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (1) : 400 -409
多糖复配对减盐鱼丸贮藏期间品质特性的影响
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许英茹1, 2 , 欧奥雅1, 蒋诗怡1, 陈杜连1, 张怡1, 2, 曾红亮1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002
  • 2闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州 350002
通讯作者:
曾红亮(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
作者简介:

许英茹(2000−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:

Effect of Polysaccharide Compound on Quality Characteristics of Salt-reduced Fish Balls during Storage
Yingru XU1, 2 , Aoya OU1, Shiyi JIANG1, Dulian CHEN1, Yi ZHANG1, 2, Hongliang ZENG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • 2Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
出版时间: 2026-01-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020116
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本研究采用不同复配比例(6:0、4:2、2:4和0:6)的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(Octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches,OSAS)与卡拉胶(κ-Carrageenan,KCG),制备减盐30%的鱼丸,并以高盐鱼丸组(HC)与减盐30%鱼丸组(LC)作为对照,于−18 ℃条件下进行180 d的贮藏实验。结果表明,相较于HC组,LC组的理化性质与感官特性整体呈下降趋势。OSAS/KCG的添加提高了减盐鱼丸的白度,且持水力和质构特性显著增加(P<0.05)。随着贮藏时间的增加,鱼丸的挥发性盐基氮和硫代巴比妥酸值显著提高(P<0.05)。在贮藏末期(第150~180 d),LC组的挥发性盐基氮超过了国标要求的30 mg/100 g,OSAS/KCG的添加有利于减少减盐鱼丸在0~180 d挥发性盐基氮含量,且低于国标限定值,延长其保质期。此外,随着贮藏时间的延长,鱼丸咸味和鲜味显著减弱(P<0.05),酸味显著增强(P<0.05)。OSAS/KCG复配比例为2:4组(L-2-4)的鱼丸与HC组的风味无显著差异(P>0.05)。L-2-4组鱼丸咸鲜味适中且总体可接受性得分最高。研究结果表明添加2:4复配的OSAS/KCG可提高减盐鱼丸贮藏期间的品质特性。

减盐鱼丸  /  辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯  /  卡拉胶  /  贮藏特性  /  品质特性

In this study, fish balls with a 30% salt reduction were prepared by using octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches (OSAS) and κ-carrageenan (KCG) with different compounding ratios (6:0, 4:2, 2:4 and 0:6). Using the high-salt fish ball group (HC) and the 30% salt-reduced fish ball group (LC) as controls, the quality characteristics of reduced salt fish balls stored at −18 ℃ for 180 days were determined. The results showed that the physical and sensory properties of fish balls in LC group showed an overall downward trend compared to those in the HC group. The whiteness of the reduced-salt fish balls was improved and their water-holding capacity and texture properties were significantly enhanced with the addition of OSAS/KCG (P<0.05). With the increase of storage time, the total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid value of fish balls were increased significantly (P<0.05). At the end of storage time (at 150~180 d), the total volatile basic nitrogen of fish balls in the LC group were exceeded the national standard requirement value of 30 mg/100 g, while the addition of OSAS/KCG was effectively reduced the total volatile basic nitrogen of salt-reduced fish balls, which was lower than 30 mg/100 g, and it extended their shelf life more. In addition, with the extension of storage time, the saltiness and umami of fish balls were significantly weakened (P<0.05), and their sourness was significantly increased (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in flavor between the fish balls of the 2:4 (w/w) of OSAS/KCG (L-2-4) and the HC group. The fish balls in the L-2-4 group had a moderate saltiness and umami, and displayed the highest overall acceptability score. These research result demonstrated that a 2:4 complex of OSAS/KCG could improve the quality characteristics of salt-reduced fish balls during storage.

reduced-salt fish balls  /  octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches  /  κ-carrageenan  /  storage characteristics  /  quality characteristics
许英茹, 欧奥雅, 蒋诗怡, 陈杜连, 张怡, 曾红亮. 多糖复配对减盐鱼丸贮藏期间品质特性的影响. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (1) : 400 -409 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020116
Yingru XU, Aoya OU, Shiyi JIANG, Dulian CHEN, Yi ZHANG, Hongliang ZENG. Effect of Polysaccharide Compound on Quality Characteristics of Salt-reduced Fish Balls during Storage[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (1) : 400 -409 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020116
鱼糜制品是指鱼糜经盐、淀粉、辅料等添加后,经过浆化和加热成型制成的弹性凝胶状食品的统称[1]。鱼糜制品因富含蛋白质、碳水化合物等营养成分而深受消费者喜爱。然而,鱼糜制品中盐的添加量较高(占生肉质量的3%),在夏季为延长产品保质期,一些公司生产的鱼糜制品中盐的添加量高达3.5%[2]。在鱼糜中添加盐不仅能促进食品基质中挥发性香气化合物的释放,还能调节咸味、刺激食欲[3],维持细胞外液的渗透压[4],保证产品的持水性[5]、使产品具有弹性、脆性和延长货架期[6]。然而,日常饮食中过量摄入盐(氯化钠)已成为全球范围内对人类健康的重大威胁。高盐饮食是导致心血管疾病、肾脏疾病以及各种慢性病的主要因素[7]。全球疾病负担(GBD)研究的结果表明,高钠饮食每年在全球造成超过300万人死亡,这已成为世界上最严重的饮食危机[8]。因此,在确保咸度感知和品质不受影响的前提下,如何通过技术手段有效降低鱼糜制品中的NaCl含量已成为研究热点。
目前,降低鱼糜制品中盐含量主要方法包括:使用复合替代盐部分取代传统钠盐[6,9]、添加风味增强剂以弥补低盐带来的咸味损失[10]、改变盐的物理性质以提高溶解率及分布均匀性[11]、采用新型非热加工技术促进钠离子在食品基质中的扩散作用[12]以及通过胶体结构的设计[13]来改善低盐鱼糜制品质构特性。这些方法共同作用,有助于改善低盐鱼糜制品的整体品质。其中,添加多糖调节鱼糜制品的胶体结构被认为是减少盐含量的关键策略之一。Shi等[14]指出,魔芋葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucomannan,KGM)促进了低盐(减钠50%)罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶形成分布均匀的网络结构,从而改善了鱼糜的品质和抗冻能力。Lan等[15]证明,κ-卡拉胶改变了水的分布,促进蛋白质的有序聚集,从而提高鱼糜的咸味感知及凝胶性能。此外,Wang等[16]通过对比卡拉胶、高酰基结冷胶、黄原胶和刺槐豆胶对低盐鱼肠质构特性(断裂特性)和微观结构的影响,得出了具有脆性、多孔和连续微观结构的产品有更高的盐释放率和更强的咸度感知。不同的多糖具有不同的结构和凝胶特性,因此它们对鱼糜制品凝胶特性的影响也各不相同。目前,利用单一多糖改善低盐肉制品质量特性的研究较多,而多糖复配在鱼糜制品中的应用却鲜有报道。
因此,本实验采用不同复配比例(6:0、4:2、2:4和0:6)的辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(Octenyl succinic anhydride modified starches,OSAS)与卡拉胶(κ-Carrageenan,KCG)制备减盐30%的鱼丸,通过分析贮藏过程中鱼丸的颜色、质构、持水性、水分分布、挥发性盐基氮、硫代巴比妥酸值、滋味、气味以及感官特性,探究不同复配比例多糖对减盐鱼丸贮藏期间品质特性的影响,为减盐鱼丸的开发提供理论依据。
金线鱼糜、马铃薯变性淀粉 海欣食品股份有限公司;猪肥肉 福州永辉超市;食盐 中盐上海市盐业有限公司;白糖 莲花健康产业集团股份有限公司;味精 太太乐食品有限公司;白胡椒粉 北京吉得利食品有限公司;大豆油、香油 益海嘉里金龙鱼粮油食品股份有限公司;辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯钠(食品级,纯度>99%) 上海源叶生物科技有限公司;卡拉胶(食品级,纯度>99%) 河南中辰生物有限公司;三氯乙酸、硫代巴比妥酸、氧化镁、硼酸、硫酸、甲基红、溴甲酚绿 均为分析级,国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
101-0ES高速捣碎机 济南金光仪器设备制造有限公司;CR-10色差仪 日本柯尼卡公司;Pen3电子鼻 德国艾尔森斯检测公司;SA402B电子舌 日本INSENT公司;TA.XT Express质构仪 大罗科学仪器有限公司;MesoMR23-060H-I脉冲1H核磁共振波谱仪 中国苏州纽迈分析仪器股份有限公司;kjelte8400全自动凯氏定氮仪 丹麦福斯分析仪器公司;XHEY-200D Synergy H1酶标仪 美国伯腾仪器有限公司。
将冷冻鱼糜于室温解冻3 h,取500 g鱼糜于高速组织搅拌机中斩拌5 min,加入相较于鱼糜质量2.1%~3%的食盐进行斩拌3 min,随后加入鱼糜质量15%的马铃薯变性淀粉、10%的猪油、0.9%的白糖、1.5%的味精、0.6%的香油、0.5%的白胡椒粉、1.5%的大豆油以及OSAS和KC继续斩拌5 min。斩拌的过程中少量多次加入碎冰(总量占鱼糜质量9%),以防止温度过高,斩拌全程温度不高于10 ℃。将斩拌均匀所得鱼浆捏成直径为2 cm球状,于40 ℃水浴锅定型30 min,随后在90 ℃下加热10 min。所得鱼丸在4 ℃下静置冷却1 h,并在24 h内完成0 d时所有指标的测定。本研究采用3%食盐添加量的鱼丸作为高盐对照HC组,采用2.1%食盐添加量(减盐30%)的鱼丸作为低盐对照LC组。采用4种OSAS与KC的复配比例作为实验组,复配比例分别为(OSAS:KC):6:0、4:2、2:4、0:6,每组实验组中OSAS/KCG合计质量始终占鱼糜质量的0.6%,食盐含量均为2.1%。将四组实验组命名为:L-6-0、L-4-2、L-2-4、L-0-6。将所得鱼丸真空包装,在−18 ℃下保存6个月,每隔30 d测定相关指标。
使用色差仪测定鱼丸色差的相关参数值,白度的计算公式如下:
$ \mathrm{白}\mathrm{度}=100-{[{(100-{L}^{\mathrm{*}})}^{2}+{a}^{\mathrm{*}2}+{b}^{\mathrm{*}2}]}^{1/2} $
式中:L*表示亮度,a*表示(红色/绿色),b*表示(黄色/蓝色)。
将鱼丸切成2 cm×2 cm×2 cm的块状,放在室温中30 min,待其完全解冻,擦去其表面水分,按以下公式计算其解冻损失:
$ \mathrm{解}\mathrm{冻}\mathrm{损}\mathrm{失}\mathrm{率}\left(\text{%}\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}-{\mathrm{M}}_{2}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{1}}\times 100 $
式中:M1表示解冻前鱼丸的质量,g;M2表示解冻后鱼丸的质量,g。
将解冻完的鱼丸放入蒸煮袋置于100 ℃水浴煮制10 min,捞出冷却至室温后,擦去其表面水分,按以下公式计算其蒸煮损失:
$ \mathrm{蒸}\mathrm{煮}\mathrm{损}\mathrm{失}\mathrm{率}\left(\text{%}\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{2}-{\mathrm{M}}_{3}}{{\mathrm{M}}_{2}}\times 100 $
式中:M2表示蒸煮前鱼丸的质量,g;M3表示蒸煮后鱼丸的质量,g。
将鱼丸切成2 cm×2 cm×2 cm的块状并放入MRI管中。使用伪彩色处理图像软件获得水质子密度的伪彩色图。主要参数分别为18.2 ms的回波时间(TE)和500 ms的重复时间(TR)。
将鱼丸切成直径20 mm、高度20 mm的圆柱体测定其硬度、弹性与咀嚼性。参数设置为:探头P/36R,压缩程度50%,压缩次数2次,间隔5 s,测前速率3.0 mm/s,测定速率3600 mm/s,测后速率3.0 mm/s,触发力0.75 N。
按照GB/T 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》[17]中半微量定氮法测定TVB-N值,每组样品平行测定3次。
按照GB 5009.181-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中丙二醛的测定》[18]中分光光度法测定丙二醛的含量,TBARS值用丙二醛的质量分数来表示。
取10 g切碎的鱼丸加入50 mL去离子水均匀混合,使用绞肉机低速搅碎1 min。将混合溶液置于离心机中以4000 r/min离心10 min(4 ℃),过滤取上清液上机测定。该仪器配有鲜味、涩味、咸味、酸味和苦味传感器以及两个参比电极。
将5 g切碎的鱼丸放入20 mL顶空瓶中密封,在45 ℃恒温水浴锅中加热60 min后进行测定。电子鼻分析系统配备10个传感器:W1C(芳香成分)、W5S(氮氧化合物)、W3C(氨类、芳香成分)、W6S(氢化物)、W5C(烷烃、芳香成分)、W1S(甲基类)、W1W(无机硫化物)、W2S(醇类、醛酮类)、W2W(芳香成分、有机硫化物)、W3S(长链烷烃类)。
根据胡越等[19]的方法对鱼丸进行感官评价,并略作修改。感官评价由10名具备感官评价经验的人员组成(5名男性和5名女性)。在感官评价前统一进行了课程培训,以保证小组成员在培训后均掌握感官评价的基本操作和不同感官特征的质量标准。将鱼丸切成2 mm厚的片状,并使用无规律的3位数字进行标记不同处理组的鱼丸。鱼丸的咸味、风味、口感和总体可接受性使用7点线等级进行评估,各项满分均为7分(表1)。
所有实验均重复3次,结果用平均值±标准差表示。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行双因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Duncan多重检验,P<0.05表示差异具有显著性。采用Origin 2023b和GraphPad prism 9.0进行绘图分析。
水产品的色泽和质构是影响消费者接受程度的重要指标[20],减盐处理与OSAS/KCG的添加对鱼丸的色泽都有一定的影响(表2)。随贮藏时间的延长,各处理组L*值与白度均显著降低(P<0.05)。在贮藏第180 d,LC组的L*值与白度显著低于HC组(P<0.05)。推测这是由于减盐条件诱导的鱼丸凝胶强度结构较为松散,样品表面透过率增加,白度值减少[21]。而相较于减盐对照组,添加了OSAS/KCG的鱼丸实验组L*值与白度显著增加(P<0.05),这与Shi等[22]的研究结果一致,适量添加魔芋葡甘聚糖可有效改善低盐鱼糜的白度。这可能是由于OSAS与KCG间存在协同作用,改善了鱼丸的凝胶网络结构,使其形成更均匀、致密的凝胶体系,增强光的散射能力,从而提升鱼丸的白度[23]。然而各复配组间差异不显著(P>0.05),说明OSAS/KCG的复配比例对鱼丸白度影响较小。
持水性是评定鱼糜产品品质的关键指标之一,对产品的质地、嫩度等品质具有重要影响[24]。解冻损失和蒸煮损失是衡量持水性的主要指标,这两项指标的升高表明肉制品的保水性能有所下降[25]。由图1可知,对照组和各处理组的解冻损失和蒸煮损失随着冻藏时间的增加均呈上升趋势,说明冻藏时间延长导致保水性降低。0~60 d时,解冻损失和蒸煮损失增加的幅度较大,这是由于鱼丸冷冻生成冰晶破坏肌球蛋白结构,且肌原纤维蛋白变性,导致凝胶网络劣化,水分保留能力降低[26];60~120 d时,解冻损失和蒸煮损失的增幅均变小,这是因为随着冻藏时间延长,肌原纤维蛋白逐渐大量变性并趋于稳定,体系中可继续变性的蛋白数量减少,结构劣化速度减缓;进入后期时(120~180 d),由于蛋白已充分变性,鱼丸持水性劣化的速率趋于平缓[27]。由图1可知,冻藏期间,LC组的解冻损失和蒸煮损失始终高于HC组,这说明减盐导致了鱼丸的持水性的降低。这是由于盐含量较低的条件下鱼丸中肌原纤维蛋白溶解率低,导致其在加热成型的过程中无法充分交联形成三维凝胶网络结构,使组织间隙中的水分流失[22]。OSAS/KCG的添加显著提高了减盐鱼丸的持水性,且单独添加OSAS/KCG的减盐鱼丸其持水能力低于二者复配的鱼丸,这说明了OSAS与KCG对改善减盐鱼丸持水性具有协同作用。且当OSAS与KCG的比例为2:4时,鱼丸解冻与蒸煮的损失达到最小值。
MRI成像图是一种快速和非侵入性的技术,已被越来越多地应用于食品中,通过绘制质子旋转的密度和移动性来分析鱼丸水分分布和内部(宏观结构)结构[14]。H质子密度与水分含量有关,密度越大,水分含量越高,成像图中就表现为红色越明显,鱼丸中水分含量越低成像图中蓝色越明显。由图2可知0~180 d鱼丸样品MRI的H质子分布情况,由于鱼丸由手工捏制,且在冻藏前经过真空包装处理,导致鱼丸受到轻微挤压,形态上未能完全保持规则的块体。在贮藏0 d时LC组的鱼丸H质子密度低于其余组别,表明减盐导致鱼丸持水性下降引发汁液流失,而OSAS/KCG的添加可改善这种情况。由图2可知,随着贮藏时间增加,鱼丸内部出现汁液流失并伴随着水分迁移的现象。贮藏至60 d时,减盐对照组MRI图像已经完成变为蓝绿色,鱼丸水分流失严重。而正常盐对照组,在贮藏120 d后,MRI图像才转变为蓝绿色,这说明减盐处理加速了鱼丸贮藏过程中水分的流失。添加了OSAS/KCG的鱼丸在贮藏120 d后MRI成像才开始转变为蓝绿色,表明OSAS/KCG的添加可以改善减盐处理下鱼丸的汁液流失。此外在贮藏120 d时,OSAS/KCG复配的鱼丸其质子密度显著高于单独添加多糖的鱼丸。已有研究报道,鱼糜凝胶的水分分布与其网络结构相关[27]。因此推测添加OSAS/KCG后,鱼丸凝胶具有较高的网络致密度。综上所述,相较单独添加OSAS/KCG,二者复配使用更有利于保持减盐鱼丸的水分,这与上文中鱼丸持水性的变化规律一致(见图1)。
鱼丸在贮藏期内的质构特性变化如表3所示,随着贮藏时间的增加,各处理组硬度、弹性和咀嚼性均呈逐渐降低的趋势(P<0.05),鱼丸贮藏期间质构特性的变化可能与水分的散失密切相关[28]。HC组鱼丸的硬度和弹性相对较高,减盐处理后,鱼丸的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性显著降低(P<0.05)。这与胡越等[19]的研究结果一致,直接减盐法制备的哈尔滨红肠其硬度和致密性相对较差。这可能是由于正常的盐添加水平有利于增加蛋白质分子的净电荷,同时静电排斥相互作用增加,蛋白质溶解度增强,从而更好地形成网络结构[29]。由表3可观察到,在贮藏末期(180 d)时,添加了OSAS/KCG的鱼丸其硬度、弹性和咀嚼性均显著大于LC组(P<0.05),当二者复配比例为2:4时,鱼丸的质构特性最优。这可能是由于OSAS富含疏水性羧基,有利于鱼丸肌原纤维蛋白展开,促进了蛋白-水分子间相互作用,从而生成更牢固的水合结构[30]。而KCG主要与MP形成短链密集交联的刚性网络[31]。这与Wasinnitiwong等[32]的研究结果相似,即κ-卡拉胶与蛋清粉复配对提高金线鱼鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度具有协同作用。
挥发性盐基氮(Total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)是动物性食品中通过酶和微生物分解蛋白质产生氨和胺类等碱性含氮物质,它可以反映鱼丸蛋白质的降解与腐败的过程[33]。如图3A所示,各样品组鱼丸TVB-N初始值为5.30±0.22 mg/100 g。随冻藏时间的延长,各组间的差异也越来越大。可以看出在贮藏后期(150~180 d),相较HC组,LC组鱼丸的TVB-N值显著增加(P<0.05),超过NY/T 1327-2018《绿色食品鱼糜制品》[34]中对鱼糜制品TVB-N的规定值(30 mg/100 g)。这说明了减盐处理加速了鱼丸TVB-N值的增长,这可能是由于低盐环境削弱了抑菌作用和蛋白质稳定性,使残余微生物及内源酶的活性相对提高,从而促进了蛋白质的分解与氮类挥发性物质的积累。在整个冻藏期间添加了OSAS/KCG的实验组均低于限制水平(30 mg/100 g),且当OSAS/KCG复配比例为2:4时,其TVB-N值达到最低。这可能是由于KCG的阴离子特性与OSAS淀粉的成膜性形成致密凝胶屏障,抑制腐败菌的侵入,从而突破鱼丸防腐依赖高盐添加剂的局限[35]。
硫代巴比妥酸(Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS)值是反映鱼丸贮藏期间脂质氧化程度的指标,脂肪的氧化与肉制品的颜色和风味密切相关,且脂肪过度氧化会引起肉制品风味以及品质的劣变[36]。如图3B所示,在贮藏初期各处理组TBARS值较低,均为0.5 mg/kg左右,这与贾娜等[37]报道的牛肉丸初始值(0.5~1.0 mg/kg)一致,表明此时样品存在轻度脂质氧化,主要原因是鱼糜含不饱和脂肪酸,在鱼糜擂溃斩拌及加热等过程中与空气中的氧气接触。由图3B可知在贮藏末期(180 d),LC组的TBARS值明显高于HC组,这说明食盐添加量的减少,会加剧鱼丸新鲜度的降低。这可能是由于鱼糜蛋白中的铁离子对脂质的过氧化活性在减盐条件下得到增强[38]。贮藏120~180 d,各组鱼丸之间的TBARS值差异逐渐显著(P<0.05),呈现为LC组>L-6-0组>HC组>L-0-6组>L-4-2组>L-2-4组。这说明了OSAS/KCG可抑制减盐鱼丸的氧化速率,且二者复配相较单独使用显示出更佳效果。这可能是由于OSAS的包埋作用减少自由基接触脂质,KCG的硫酸基团清除自由基[35],二者协同降低了TBARS值,延缓了减盐鱼丸贮藏期间的酸败。综合TVB-N与TBARS值对鱼丸新鲜度的评价结果表明,OSAS/KCG复配比例为2:4时,鱼丸的保鲜效果显著提升,相较LC组保质期可至少延长30 d。
电子舌作为新兴的仿生设备,可以有效避免由生理味觉带来的主观影响和缺陷,无偏测量食品的滋味[39]。不同处理条件下的鱼丸在贮藏期间滋味变化情况如图4所示,贮藏0 d时,LC组的咸味与鲜味显著低于HC组(P<0.05)。添加了OSAS/KCG的鱼丸相较LC组,咸味与鲜味值有所增加。说明了减盐处理降低了鱼丸的咸味与鲜味值,这可能是由于咸味与鲜味存在味觉互作效应,咸度的降低导致鱼丸鲜味的丧失[40]。而OSAS/KCG的添加可增加减盐鱼丸的咸鲜味。随着贮藏时间的延长,不同处理组鱼丸的酸味显著增强(P<0.05),鲜味与咸味显著减弱(P<0.05),其余滋味特征在贮藏期间变化幅度较小,没有出现显著性差异(P>0.05)。如图4F所示,在第0 d时,各处理组主要分布在PC1正半轴及PC2负半轴上,与咸味和鲜味相关,说明这几种味道在第0 d时较为突出。而在贮藏末期(180 d)各处理组主要分布在PC2正半轴上,与酸味、苦味、丰富度相关,说明贮藏期间鱼丸滋味发生变化。此外,在贮藏末期(180 d)时,L-2-4组与HC组的距离最近,这表明OSAS/KCG复配比为2:4时,与正常鱼丸对照组的滋味最为相似。
不同处理组的鱼丸在贮藏初期(0 d)和贮藏末期(180 d)电子鼻各传感器响应值如图5所示,不同处理组各传感器的响应值变化趋势相似。传感器W1W、W1S、W2S、W2W、W5C和W6S的响应值较大,其中W1W、W1S、W2S和W2W在贮藏期间响应值显著降低(P<0.05),而W5C和W6S有所增加。如图5B所示,所有样品第一主成分(PC1)和第二主成分(PC2)的贡献率分别是68.1%和15.2%,累计方差贡献率83.3%,可以较好地表征鱼丸大部分挥发性风味特征信息。其中第一主成分代表了样品68.1%的特征信息,第0 d各处理组均分布在第一主成分正半轴,第180 d各处理组均分布在第一主成分负半轴,说明了贮藏时间对鱼丸的风味存在显著性影响(P<0.05)。同时在整个贮藏期间,添加了OSAS/KCG处理组与HC组距离较近,说明整体气味更为相似。
感官评定是通过视觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉和听觉而感知到的产品感官特性[28]。如表4所示,所有处理组鱼丸均在−18 ℃条件下贮藏180 d,随着贮藏时间的延长,各处理组鱼丸样品的口感、风味和总体可接受性均有所下降。而咸味没有显著性差异(P>0.05),这与电子舌的研究结果不同,这可能是由于鱼丸基质与人类唾液的相互作用对口腔行为和咸味感知产生了影响[41]。第0 d时,LC组的感官品质显著低于HC组(P<0.05),且添加了OSAS/KCG的鱼丸相较于LC组其感官品质均有所提高,但略低于HC组。贮藏末期(180 d)时,添加了OSAS/KCG的鱼丸总体可接受性评分较高。当OSAS/KCG复配比例为2:4或单独添加KCG时,鱼丸的口感与HC组无显著差异(P>0.05),表明其可维持减盐鱼丸的感官品质。其中,复配比例为2:4时,鱼丸的总体可接受性最接近正常对照组。
研究不同配比的OSAS/KCG对减盐鱼丸贮藏期间品质特性的影响。结果表明,相较HC组,LC组颜色较暗、持水力较差,质地较软,腐败更快且脂肪氧化程度更高。而添加了OSAS/KCG的减盐鱼丸表现出更高的白度、持水力、质构特性,更低的TVB-N值与TBARS值,延长其保质期。此外,随着贮藏时间的延长,鱼丸的酸味逐渐增强,而咸味和鲜味则逐渐减弱。与LC组相比,添加了OSAS/KCG的减盐鱼丸风味特征与HC组无显著性差异。总而言之,当OSAS/KCG以2:4的比例复配时,能够较好地提高减盐鱼丸在贮藏期间的白度、持水性、质构特性及感官品质。

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2026年第47卷第1期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020116
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-24
  • 出版时间:2026-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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    1福建农林大学食品科学学院,福建福州 350002
    2闽台特色海洋食品加工及营养健康教育部工程研究中心,福建福州 350002

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曾红亮(1986−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:食品科学,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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